Journal articles: '360-400'

1

Krüger, K., S. Tegtmeier, and M. Rex. "Variability of residence time in the Tropical Tropopause Layer during Northern Hemisphere winter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (September 16, 2009): 6717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-6717-2009.

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Abstract. For the first time the long-term interannual and spatial variability of residence time (τ) is presented for the TTL between 360 K and 400 K potential temperature (~14 to 18 km altitude). The analysis is based on a Lagrangian approach using offline calculated diabatic heating rates as vertical velocities, covering Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters from 1962–2004. The residence time τLCP–400 K, being the duration time of air parcels in the layer between the Lagrangian Cold Point (LCP) and 400 K, varies spatially and is longer (>50 days) over the maritime continent as the LCP is lowest there (<370 K). Comparing three theta layers within the TTL reveals the vertical dependence of τ. We derive a mean duration time of 34 days for 360–380 K (lower TTL), 38 days for 380–400 K (upper TTL) and 70 days for 360–400 K theta layers for the 1962–2001 period. A case analysis reveals that τ is positively skewed for 360–380 K and 380–400 K during La Niña and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral years. For these cases, ~60% of air parcels travel from 360 K to 380 K within 25 days. There is large interannual variability for τ varying up to ±20% from the long-term mean, with strongest variability seen in the lower part of the TTL. Statistical analysis reveals a significant anti-correlation between the residence time and the extratropical and subtropical wave driving in the lowermost stratosphere.

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2

Krüger, K., S. Tegtmeier, and M. Rex. "Variability of residence time in the Tropical Tropopause Layer during Northern Hemisphere winter." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 28, 2009): 12597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-12597-2009.

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Abstract. For the first time the long-term interannual and spatial variability of residence time (τ) is presented for the TTL between 360 K and 400 K theta (~14 to 18 km altitude). The analysis is based on a Lagrangian approach using offline calculated diabatic heating rates as vertical velocities, covering Northern Hemisphere (NH) winters from 1962–2004. The residence time varies spatially. τ, analysed for the Lagrangian Cold Point (LCP), displays a longer duration time of air parcels between LCP and 400 K over the maritime continent (>50 days), as the LCP tropopause has a minimum over the maritime continent (<370 K theta). Comparing three theta layers within the TTL reveals the vertical dependence of τ. We derive a mean duration time of 34 days for 360–380 K (lower TTL), 38 days for 380–400 K (upper TTL) and 70 days for 360–400 K theta layers for the 1962–2001 period. A case analysis reveals, that τ is positively skewed for 360–380 K and 380–400 K during La Niña and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral years. For these cases, ~60% of air parcels travel from 360 K to 380 K within 25 days. There is large interannual variability for τ varying up to ±20% from the long-term mean, with strongest variability seen in the lower part of the TTL. The interannual variability is influenced by extratropical and subtropical wave driving. Statistical analysis reveals a significant anti-correlation between the residence time and the extratropical and subtropical wave driving in the lowermost stratosphere.

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3

Zhang, Junfeng, Yingquan Wu, Li Li, Xiaoxing Wang, Qingde Zhang, Tao Zhang, Yisheng Tan, and Yizhuo Han. "Ti-SBA-15 supported Cu–MgO catalyst for synthesis of isobutyraldehyde from methanol and ethanol." RSC Advances 6, no. 89 (2016): 85940–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09379e.

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A IBA yield of 32.7% was achieved at 360 °C on 20C6.5MTS-400 using methanol and ethanol as reactants. The catalyst activity was strongly affected by Cu content on the surface, the interaction of Cu and Mg species, the basicity of the catalysts, etc.

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Maleki, Hossein, Lawrence R. Holland, Gwyn M. Jenkins, R. L. Zimmerman, and Wally Porter. "Maximum heating rates for producing undistorted glassy carbon ware determined by wedge-shaped samples." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 2368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0300.

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Polymeric carbon artifacts are particularly difficult to make in thick section. Heating rate, temperature, and sample thickness determine the outcome of carbonization of resin leading to a glassy polymeric carbon ware. Using wedge-shaped samples, we found the maximum thickness for various heating rates during gelling (300 K–360 K), curing (360 K–400 K), postcuring (400 K–500 K), and precarbonization (500 K–875 K). Excessive heating rate causes failure. In postcuring the critical heating rate varies inversely as the fifth power of thickness; in precarbonization this varies inversely as the third power of thickness. From thermogravimetric evidence we attribute such failure to low rates of diffusion of gaseous products of reactions occurring within the solid during pyrolysis. Mass spectrometry shows the main gaseous product is water vapor; some carboniferous gases are also evolved during precarbonization. We discuss a diffusion model applicable to any heat-treatment process in which volatile products are removed from solid bodies.

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Park, Jeong-Yong, Il-Hyun Kim, Yang-Il Jung, Hyun-Gil Kim, Dong-Jun Park, and Weon-Ju Kim. "Long-term corrosion behavior of CVD SiC in 360°C water and 400°C steam." Journal of Nuclear Materials 443, no. 1-3 (November 2013): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.07.058.

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6

Torchynska, Tetyana, Brahim El Filali, Georgiy Polupan, and Lyudmula Shcherbyna. "Emission, Defects and Structure of ZnO Nanocrystals obtained by Electrochemical method." MRS Advances 2, no. 43 (2017): 2343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.344.

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ABSTRACTThe impact of different annealing temperatures on the crystal structure, emission and radiative defects in ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) has been investigated by means of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. ZnO NCs were prepared by the anodization of zinc sheets in an electrolyte and thermal annealed at the various temperatures: 200, 240, 280, 320, 360 and 400°C for two hours in ambient air. The XRD study indicates that ZnO NCs are characterized by the hexagonal wurtzite structure.The study of annealing temperature impact on the morphology of ZnO NCs has shown that the NC size enlarges and the film crystallinity improves with increasing annealing temperatures from 200°C up to 400°C. But in the temperature range of 360-400oC the dissolution of oxygen atoms raises essentially in ZnO NC films as it follows from EDS data. Simultaneously, the near band edge (NBE) emission intensity falls down, XRD parameters of ZnO NCs change and the intensity of defect related orange and green PL bands increases owing to increasing the defect concentrations. The optimal temperatures for the ZnO NC oxidation, together with keeping the high NBE emission intensity, are estimated as 360 °C. The nature of native defects responsible for orange and green emissions in ZnO NCs has been discussed.

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7

Werner, A., C. M. Volk, E. V. Ivanova, T. Wetter, C. Schiller, H. Schlager, and P. Konopka. "Quantifying transport into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 1407–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-1407-2009.

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Abstract. In-situ measurements of the long-lived trace gases N2O, CFC-11 (CCl3F), H-1211 (CBrClF2), CH4, O3 and H2O performed in the Arctic winter 2003 on board the high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica are presented and used to study transport into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). Fractions of air in the LMS originating in i) the troposphere, ii) the extra-vortex stratosphere above 400 K and iii) the Arctic vortex above 400 K are determined using a simple mass balance calculation. The analysis exhibits a strong tropospheric influence of 50% or more in the lowest 20 K of the high-latitude LMS. Above this region the LMS is dominated by air masses having descended from above 400 K. Below the Arctic vortex region at potential temperatures above 360 K, air in the LMS is a mixture of extra-vortex stratospheric and vortex air masses. The vortex fraction increases from about 40% at 360 K to 100% at 400 K for equivalent latitudes >70° N. This influence of air masses descending through the bottom of the polar vortex increases over the course of the winter. By the end of winter a significant fraction of 30% vortex air in the LMS is found even at an equivalent latitude of 40° N. Since the chemical and dynamical history of vortex air is distinct from that of mid-latitude stratospheric air masses, this study implies that the composition of the mid- to high-latitude LMS during late winter and spring is significantly influenced by the Arctic vortex.

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8

Chen, Wei, Gang Chen, Jing Zhai, and Li Ma. "Processing Map of Mg-13Al-3Ca-3Zn-1Nd-0.2Mn Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.48.

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Compression tests of Mg-13Al-3Ca-3Zn-1Nd-0.2Mn Magnesium alloy as-extruded had been performed in the compression temperature range from 200°C to 400°C and the strain rate range from 0.001 s−1 to 10 s−1 and the flow stress data obtained from the tests were used to develop the power dissipation map, instability map and processing map. The most unsuitable zones in the power dissipation map including 200°C - 315°C and 0.01s-1- 0.1s-1 zone, 315°C - 400°C and 0.001s-1- 0.01s-1zone and 340°C - 360°C and 0.32 s-1- 0.56 s-1zone. The most unsuitable zones in the instability map are 310°C - 400°C, 0.001s-1to 0.56 s-1zone and 330°C - 400°C, 1s-1to 10 s-1zone. The most suitable temperature range is 330°C - 400°C and most optimal strain rate ranges are 1 s-1- 10 s-1and 0.001s-1- 0.56 s-1.

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9

Pikula, P. A., A. K. Golovko, and V. F. Kamyanov. "The Composition and properties of Straight-Run and Mechanoactivated 360-400°C Distillate from Yakut Petroleum." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 3 (March 10, 2007): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj570.

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The group hydrocarbon composition of 360-400°C straight-run distillate of the petroleum from Talakanskoye oil-field (Yakutia − Republic of Saha) has been studied in detail using clathrate formation, liquid adsorption chromatography, thermodiffusion methods and mass spectrometric analysis of obtained thermodiffusion fractions. The fundamental physical constants of all isolated narrow hydrocarbon fractions were measured. The regularities of thermodiffusion separation of saturated hydrocarbons having different amounts of rings in molecules as well as the relations between properties and composition of the concentrates obtained were traced. It is established that a mechanoactivation of petroleum distillate leads to a change of its hydrocarbon composition, first of all to a decrease of its paraffin content, as well as to respective changes of its physicalchemical characteristics (to a decrease in pour point and an increase in density and viscosity values).

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10

Mikkola, Kauri. "Review: Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs." Entomologica Fennica 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84046.

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Ebert, Günter (ed.) 1997, 1997 & 1998: Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs. Bände 5-7. Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae. 575 + 622 + 582 pp., 400 + 512 + 483 colour photographs, 360 + 433 + 329 diagrams and drawings, and 133 + 187 + 170 distribution maps. Verlag Eugen Ulmer. Stuttgart. ISBN 3-8001-3481-0, 3-8001-3482-9, 3-8001-3500-0. Price: Ca. FIM 480,-/part.

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11

Werner, A., C. M. Volk, E. V. Ivanova, T. Wetter, C. Schiller, H. Schlager, and P. Konopka. "Quantifying transport into the Arctic lowermost stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 23 (December 8, 2010): 11623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11623-2010.

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Abstract. In the Arctic winter 2003, in-situ measurements of the long-lived trace gases N2O, CFC-11 (CCl3F), H-1211 (CBrClF2), CH4, O3 and H2O have been performed on board the high-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica. The data are presented and used to study transport into the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). The LMS can be regarded as a mixture of fractions of air originating in (i) the troposphere, (ii) the extra-vortex stratosphere above 400 K and (iii) the Arctic vortex above 400 K. These fractions are determined using a simple mass balance calculation. The analysis exhibits a strong tropospheric influence of 50% ± 15% or more in the lowest 20 K of the high-latitude LMS. Above this region the LMS is dominated by air masses having descended from above 400 K. Below the Arctic vortex region at potential temperatures above 360 K, air in the LMS is a mixture of extra-vortex stratospheric and vortex air masses. The vortex fraction increases from about 40% ± 15% at 360 K to 100% at 400 K for equivalent latitudes >70° N. This influence of air masses descending through the bottom of the polar vortex increases over the course of the winter. By the end of winter a significant fraction of 30% ± 10% vortex air in the LMS is found even at an equivalent latitude of 40° N. Since the chemical and dynamical history of vortex air is distinct from that of mid-latitude stratospheric air masses, this study implies that the composition of the mid- to high-latitude LMS during late winter and spring is significantly influenced by the Arctic vortex.

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12

Thompson, Meg Martin, and Richard Alan Palmer. "In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Diffuse Reflectance and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Characterization of Sulfur-Oxygen Species Resulting from the Reaction of SO2 with CaCO3." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 6 (August 1988): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884430155.

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Fourier transform photoacoustic and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies (FT-IR-PAS and -DRS) have been used in situ to monitor the reaction of SO2 (1.5% in N2) with particulate CaCO3 at temperatures up to 400°C (PAS) and 690°C (DRS). The PA spectra indicate that at 360°C SO2 is physisorbed on the CaCO3 surface. This species is readily desorbed by N2 purging. Under continuous SO2/N2 exposure at 400°C and above, the physisorbed species is shown by the DR data to be converted first to oxygen-bound and then to nonspecifically bound pyramidal SO3−. Reaction of the SO3= with SO2 to form SO4− begins at 400°C and is essentially complete at 690°C. The DR data further indicate that for the SO4−: (1) at temperatures between 400 and 640°C a monodentate C3 v species forms; (2) above 640°C the SO4− ion has nearly Td symmetry; and (3) upon subsequent cooling, the SO4− exhibits the characteristics of a chelating C2 v species.

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13

Ricaud, P., B. Barret, J. L. Attié, E. Motte, E. Le Flochmoën, H. Teyssèdre, V. H. Peuch, N. Livesey, A. Lambert, and J. P. Pommereau. "Impact of land convection on troposphere-stratosphere exchange in the tropics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 21 (November 15, 2007): 5639–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5639-2007.

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Abstract. The mechanism of troposphere-stratosphere exchange in the tropics was investigated from space-borne observations of the horizontal distributions of tropospheric-origin long-lived species, nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), from 150 to 70 hPa in March-April-May by the ODIN/Sub-Millimeter Radiometer (SMR), the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)/Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the TERRA/Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instruments in 2002–2004, completed by recent observations of the AURA/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument during the same season in 2005. The vertical resolution of the satellite measurements ranges from 2 to 4 km. The analysis has been performed on isentropic surfaces: 400 K (lower stratosphere) for all the species and 360 K (upper troposphere) only for CO. At 400 K (and 360 K for CO), all gases show significant longitudinal variations with peak-to-trough values of ~5–11 ppbv for N2O, 0.07–0.13 ppmv for CH4, and ~10 ppbv for CO (~40 ppbv at 360 K). The maximum amounts are primarily located over Africa and, depending on the species, secondary more or less pronounced maxima are reported above northern South America and South-East Asia. The lower stratosphere over the Western Pacific deep convective region where the outgoing longwave radiation is the lowest, the tropopause the highest and the coldest, appears as a region of minimum concentration of tropospheric trace species. The possible impact on trace gas concentration at the tropopause of the inhomogeneous distribution and intensity of the sources, mostly continental, of the horizontal and vertical transports in the troposphere, and of cross-tropopause transport was explored with the MOCAGE Chemistry Transport Model. In the simulations, significant longitudinal variations were found on the medium-lived CO (2-month lifetime) with peak-to-trough value of ~20 ppbv at 360 K and ~10 ppbv at 400 K, slightly weaker than observations. However, the CH4 (8–10 year lifetime) and N2O (130-year lifetime) longitudinal variations are significantly weaker than observed: peak-to-trough values of ~0.02 ppmv for CH4 and 1–2 ppbv for N2O at 400 K. The large longitudinal contrast of N2O and CH4 concentrations reported by the space-borne instruments at the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere not captured by the model thus requires another explanation. The suggestion is of strong overshooting over land convective regions, particularly Africa, very consistent with the space-borne Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) radar maximum overshooting features over the same region during the same season. Compared to observations, the MOCAGE model forced by ECMWF analyses is found to ignore these fast local uplifts, but to overestimate the average uniform vertical transport in the UTLS at all longitudes in the tropics.

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14

Mualem, Orly, and Aharon Gedanken. "Silicon Atoms as Intermediates in the Nonlinear Photochemistry of Si(CH3)4–nCln(n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) Compounds." Laser Chemistry 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/60502.

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The resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of Si (CH3)4–nCln compounds (with n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) was measured in the 400–360 nm range. The resonances observed were attributed to a silicon atom formed in the 1D2 excited state. This indicates that the first step in the photochemical process is the dissociation of the molecule which is followed by the ionization of the silicon atom.

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15

Lardeaux, Jean-Marc. "Deciphering orogeny: a metamorphic perspective Examples from European Alpine and Variscan belts." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 185, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.5.281.

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AbstractIn this paper we review and discuss, in a synthetic historical way, the main results obtained on Variscan metamorphism in the French Massif Central. First, we describe the pre-orogenic architecture of the French Massif Central on the base of available lithostratigraphic and geochemical constraints. Second, we portray the progressive metamorphic evolution through time and space with the presentation of 6 metamorphic maps corresponding to critical orogenic periods, namely 430–400 Ma, 400–370 Ma, 370–360 Ma, 360–345 Ma, 340–325 Ma and 320–290 Ma. We discuss the role of multiple subductions in orogeny, the metamorphic effects of continental collision (i.e. regional development of intermediate-pressure metamorphic series) as well as the links between post-thickening tectonics and the regional development of low-pressure metamorphic series coeval with crustal partial melting. As it was the case for the western Alps, we emphasize the lack of temporal data on high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks as well as the uncertainties on the sizes of rock units that have recorded the same metamorphic history (i.e. coherent P-T-t/deformation trajectories). Finally, we underline the main differences and similarities between the metamorphic evolutions of the western Alps and the French Massif Central.

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Coelho, Ruimário Inácio, Almy Júnior Cordeiro de Carvalho, Jose Carlos Lopes, Silvio Lopes Teixeira, and Claudia Sales Marinho. "Coroa do abacaxi 'Smooth Cayenne' na produção de mudas do tipo rebentão." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 31, no. 6 (December 2007): 1867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542007000600040.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar o emprego da coroa na produção de mudas do tipo rebentão, coroas do abacaxizeiro 'Smooth Cayenne', pesando de 200 a 300 gramas, foram cultivadas em vasos com 5 dm³ de substrato, em casa de vegetação. Aos quinze e aos trinta dias após o plantio, foram pulverizadas com 10 mL de solução contendo GA3 (0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1) e BAP (0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1) em uma combinação das diferentes concentrações, totalizando 16 tratamentos e quatro repetições. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4x4. Observou-se efeito do GA3 e do BAP na emissão de brotos, a cada período de dois meses, sendo que os maiores valores estimados foram de 1,81 brotos a cada 60 dias e um total médio de 12,6 brotos em 420 dias após o plantio, quando se utilizou 230 mg L-1 de BAP. Não houve efeito do GA3 e do BAP sobre o número, peso e comprimento dos maiores brotos colhidos aos 124, 214, 314 e 360 dias. Foram colhidas, em um período de 360 dias após o plantio da coroa, 5,2 mudas com peso médio de 145 g e comprimento igual a 35,9 cm.

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Brito, Roberta Lomonte Lemos de, Sandra Valéria Inácio, Dalilian Antoniete dos Santos Oliveira, Maximiana Mesquita de Sousa, Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles, Raimundo Nonato Braga Lobo, Luiz da Silva Vieira, and Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani. "Ocorrência da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em cabritos (Capra hircus)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 8 (August 2014): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000800003.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em cabritos de Quixadá, Ceará, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 400 cabritos, com idade entre três e 360 dias, de ambos os sexos, com e sem padrão racial definido, procedentes de 25 estabelecimentos rurais distribuídos em três circuitos. As fezes foram cadastradas de acordo com o aspecto e cor, distribuídas em tubos tipo "eppendorf®" e congeladas in natura a -20°C, até o momento das extrações de DNA genômico do parasito com auxílio de kit comercial. Para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do RNA ribossômico (rRNA) foi utilizada a "Nested"-PCR. A ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp em cabritos de Quixadá foi de 7,50% (30/400). A frequência no período seco e no chuvoso foi de 9,55% (19/199) e 5,47% (11/201), respectivamente (χ²=2,39 e P>0,05). Amostras positivas foram identificadas em 64,00% (16/25) das propriedades estudadas e dessas amostras 50,00% (15/30) e 70,00% (21/30) tinham as fezes com aspecto e cor normais, respectivamente, sugerindo que cabritos assintomáticos estão eliminando oocistos. Não foi observada positividade para Cryptosporidium spp. em animais com 301 a 360 dias, demonstrando que animais mais velhos apresentam menos possibilidade de se infectarem com o parasito.

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Acharya, Palaksha, Ajit Kumar, and Ravishankar Bhat. "Microstructure and wear behavior of austempered high carbon high silicon steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402013.

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In the present investigation, the influence of austempering temperature and time on the microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of high silicon steel was studied. The test specimens were initially austenitised at 900°C for 30 minutes, thereafter austempered at various temperatures 280°C, 360°C and 400°C, for varying duration from 30 to 120 minutes. These samples after austempering heat treatment were subsequently air cooled to room temperature, to generate typical ausferritic microstructures and then correlated with the wear property. The test outcomes demonstrate the slight increase in specific wear rate with increase in both austempering temperature and time. Specific wear rate was found to be minimum at an austempering temperature of 280°C, that exhibits lower bainite microstructure with high hardness, on the other hand specific wear rate was found to be slightly high at increased austempering temperatures at 360°C and 400°C, due to the upper bainite structure that offered lower hardness to the matrix. The sample austempered at 280°C for 30 minutes offered superior wear resistance when compared to other austempering conditions, mainly due to the presence of fine acicular bainitic ferrite along with stabilized retained austenite and also some martensite in the microstructure.

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Poker, D. B., and D. K. Thomas. "Solid-phase epitaxy of Ti-implanted LiNbO3." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 2 (April 1989): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.0412.

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The solid-phase epitaxy of LiNbO3 following ion implantation of Ti dopant for the purpose of producing optical waveguides has been studied. Implanting 360-keV Ti at liquid nitrogen temperature produces a highly damaged region extending to a depth of about 400 nm. This essentially amorphous region can be recrystallized epitaxially by annealing in a water-saturated oxygen atmosphere at temperatures near 400 °C. though complete removal of all irradiation-induced damage requires temperatures in excess of 600 °C. The activation energy of the regrowth is 2.0 eV for implanted fluences below 3 ⊠ 1016 Ti/cm2. At higher fluences the regrowth proceeds more slowly, and Ti dopant segregates at the regrowth interface. Complete recrystallization following high-dose implantation requires annealing temperatures in excess of 800 °C.

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20

Biffe, D. F., J. Constantin, R. S. Oliveira Jr, F. A. Rios, L. H. M. Franchini, A. Gemelli, J. G. Z. Arantes, M. A. Raimondi, and E. Blainski. "Avaliação de herbicidas para dois cultivares de mandioca." Planta Daninha 28, no. 4 (December 2010): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582010000400014.

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É importante avaliar a tolerância de variedade de mandioca a novas alternativas de controle químico, com o intuito de ampliar as opções disponíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência, para duas importantes variedades de mandioca cultivadas no Estado do Paraná. Os herbicidas e respectivas doses (g i.a. ha-1) avaliadas foram: diuron (400 e 800), metribuzin (360 e 720), isoxaflutole (60), atrazine (720), S-metolachlor (1.920) e as misturas ametryn + clomazone (1.350+1.900), ametryn+trifluralin (1.500+1.350), isoxaflutole+metribuzin (60+320), isoxaflutole+diuron (60+400), combinados com uso de uma testemunha dupla adjacente a cada tratamento. Os cultivares utilizados neste trabalho foram Fécula Branca e Fibra. Apenas o herbicida S-metolachlor, para ambos os cultivares, e metribuzin (360 g i.a. ha-1), para o cultivar Fibra, não provocaram injúrias. Atrazine provocou redução de estande para o cultivar Fécula Branca aos 60 DAP, mas não foi detectada redução na altura de plantas. Tanto atrazine (para os dois cultivares) quanto diuron na dose de 800 g i.a. ha-1 (para o cultivar Fécula Branca) afetaram a produtividade de raízes. Dessa forma, atrazine foi considerado não seletivo para ambos os cultivares, e a maior dose de diuron foi também considerada não seletiva para o cultivar Fécula Branca. Há diferenças de tolerância entre os cultivares, sendo o Fibra, de modo geral, mais tolerante aos herbicidas avaliados.

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21

Kauffman, Joel M., Charles J. Kelley, Alem Ghiorghis, Edward Neister, and Lorne Armstrong. "Cyclic Ether Auxofluors on Oligophenylene Laser Dyes." Laser Chemistry 8, no. 2-4 (January 1, 1988): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.8.335.

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Laser dyes with terphenyl and quaterphenyl as the fluorophors and with acyclic ether auxofluors were improved when the ether groups were made cyclic. Dyes containing cyclic ethers in 5- and 6-membered rings were observed to lase in the 360–400 nm region with better lifetime and/or solubility than their acyclic analogs. In one case the laser output wavelength of a quaterphenyl fitted with cyclic ether auxofluors was red-shifted enough to match the wavelength of a sexiphenyl without auxofluors.

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Huda, Abiyani Choirul, Ibnu Pratikto, and Rudhi Pribadi. "Karakteristik Lahan terhadap Kerentanan Pesisir Pantai Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah." Journal of Marine Research 8, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i3.25268.

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Kerentanan pantai adalah kondisi yang menggambarkan keadaan mudah terkena dari suatu sistem alami serta keadaan sosial pantai. Kerentanan pantai yang diakibatkan erosi merupakan ancaman yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang besar bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Perlu dilakukan sebuah upaya mitigasi bencana erosi pantai berupa tahap awal dengan penilaian indeks kerentanan pantai. Upaya mitigasi bencana dapat dimulai dengan membuat pemetaan indeks kerentanan pantai yang berdasarkan penilaian lima variabel, yaitu: geomorfologi pantai, tipologi pantai, kemiringan pantai, vegetasi mangrove, dan penggunaan lahan pesisir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode spasial yang digunakan untuk menyusun peta tingkat kerentanan pantai yang diawali dengan input data ataupun peta berdasarkan pada variable yang ditentukan, dilanjutkan dengan metode kuantitatif yang digunakan untuk menganalisa data yang tersaji dalam bentuk angka dengan menggunakan sistem skoring, dilanjutkan dengan metode deskriptif yang digunakan dalam mendeskripsikan sejumlah variabel yang berkenaan dengan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bula Mei-Agustus 2017, lokasi penelitian berada di kawasan pesisir pantai Kabupaten Rembang pada 6 Kecamatan Pesisir dan 40 desa. Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan penilaian Indeks Kerentanan Pantai di Kabupaten Rembang didapatkan tingkat kerentanan sangat tinggi (400-450) berada di Kecamatan Kaliori, kerentanan tinggi (360-400) berada di Kecamatan Sarang, Kragan, dan Lasem, kerentanan sedang (290-360) berada di Kecamatan Sluke, dan kerentanan rendah (240-290) berada di Kecamatan Rembang. Dari lima variabel, yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kerentanan bencana erosi pantai adalah tipologi pantai. Coastal vulnerability is a condition which describes the State of a system of easily affected by natural and social circumstances of the beach.Coastal vulnerability arising from erosion is a threat that can cause great harm if not handled appropriately.Need a coastal erosion hazard mitigation efforts in the form of an early stage with an assessment of the vulnerability index beach.Disaster mitigation efforts can be initiated by creating a mapping coastal vulnerability index based on the assessment of the five variables, namely: coastal geomorphology, typology, the slope of the Beach Coast, mangrove vegetation, and land use. The methods used in this research are spatial methods used to draw up a map of the level of vulnerability of beach, begins with the input data or map based on variable is specified, followed by a quantitative method used to analyze the data that is presented in the form of numbers by using the scoring system, followed by a descriptive method used in describing a number of variables related to the research.This research was conducted in May-August 2017, the location of the research lies in the coast of Rembang in 6 sub-districts and 40 villager. The results of this research are based on the assessment of the vulnerability index Beach in Rembang in the level of very high vulnerability (400-450) is located in district kaliori, high vulnerability (360-400) is located in the subdistrict of Sarang, Kragan and Lasem, medium vulnerability (290-360) is located in district of Sluke, and low vulnerability (240-290) located in the subdistrict of Rembang. From the fifth of these variables, a very influential towards the erosion of coastal disaster vulnerability is the beach typology.

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Freitas, Ednardo Rodrigues, Ângela da Silva Borges, Maria Teresa Sales Trevisan, Pedro Henrique Watanabe, André Luís da Cunha, Ana Lúcia Fernandes Pereira, Virgínia Kelly Abreu, and Germano Augusto Jerônimo do Nascimento. "Extratos etanólicos da manga como antioxidantes para frangos de corte." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000800001.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de extratos etanólicos na ração, obtidos do caroço e da casca da manga, sobre o desempenho de frangos e a oxidação lipídica da carne. Foram utilizados 360 pintos machos da linhagem Ross 308, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de: ração sem adição de antioxidante (controle); ração com adição de 200 ppm do antioxidante butilato de hidroxitolueno (BHT); ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato da casca da manga (ECAS); e ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato do caroço da manga (ECAR). A adição de BHT ou dos extratos da manga não influenciou significativamente o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. A adição de BHT e a de 400 ppm de ECAR proporcionaram maior estabilidade lipídica da carne fresca, mensurada pelas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico antes do armazenamento. O extrato etanólico do caroço da manga, na dosagem de 200 e 400 ppm, retarda a oxidação lipídica da carne de frangos armazenada por 15 dias.

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Sing, Liow Kai, Coswald Stephen Sipaut, Rachel Fran Mansa, and Jedol Dayou. "Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Polyethylene Glycol/4,4’-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Copolymer Quasi Solid State Electrolyte." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.140.

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In this study, quasi-solid state electrolyte (QSE) was prepared by blending the polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight of 400, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), potassium iodide (KI) and iodine (I2) under a low reaction temperature (50oC) for two hours. QSEs with a different ratio of PEG to MDI were formulated. Adding 15 vol% of MDl into the QSE was found to give the highest open circuit voltage, short circuit current and energy conversion efficient, which were 360 mV, 0.077 mA/cm2 and 0.02% respectively.

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25

Vulicevic, Lj, N. Ivanovic, A. Maricic, M. Sreckovic, S. Vardic, M. Plazinic, and Z. Tomic. "Hydrothermal treatment of electrochemically synthesized nanocrystalline magnetic iron oxide powder." Science of Sintering 39, no. 1 (2007): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0701085v.

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Magnetic iron oxide nano-powders were synthesised electrochemically, using a low-carbon steel electrode immersed in a NaCl aqueous solution, at constant temperature of the electrolyte, pH and current density. In the second step, portions of the starting admixture were boiled at ~360 K during two hours and autoclaved at various temperatures. Both the starting powder and the treated ones were examined by a standard XRD method, then uniaxially pressed into pellets under 400 MPa, and their electric and magnetic behavior during non isothermal heating was analyzed.

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Brunner, Isabell, Desislava Veleva, Jörg Beyer, and Matthias Oechsner. "VHCF Strength of Helical Compression Springs - Influence of Heat Treatment Temperature before Shot Peening." Key Engineering Materials 664 (September 2015): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.664.140.

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Previous fatigue tests show that the heat treatment temperature has a significant influence on high cycle fatigue behaviour of helical compression springs. In order to investigate the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the fracture behaviour and the cyclic life, fatigue tests in the very high cycle regime (VHCF) were conducted.The tested springs were manufactured from oil hardened and tempered SiCr-alloyed valve spring steel wire with a diameter of d = 1.6 mm. After winding and grinding of the spring endings, the springs were heat treated at either 360°C or 400°C for 30 minutes. In order to generate compressive residual stresses in the surface area, the springs were shot peened. After shot peening, the springs were again annealed at 240°C for 30 minutes.Fatigue tests were conducted at 40 Hz using a special spring fatigue device. Up to 900 springs were tested simultaneously at various stress levels to 5∙108or 109cycles. Fractured springs were investigated by means of a stereomicroscope as well as a scanning electron microscope to analyse the fracture behaviour and failure mechanisms. The vast majority of the springs show crack initiation at the surface at the inner side of the coil. Less frequently, crack initiation occurs at subsurface locations. Our results show that heat treatment at a temperature of 360°C leads to four times more subsurface cracks than at a temperature of 400°C and reduces the overall fatigue life time.

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Zhang, Haixia, Bingshe Xu, Zhongkui Li, Daniel Fruchart, Ei Kébir Hlil, and Lian Zhou. "Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Oxide Film of NZ8 Alloy Corroded in 360 °C Li Water and 400 °C Steam." Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 41, no. 5 (May 2012): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5372(12)60048-4.

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Park, Seoung-Hwan, Doyeol Ahn, and Bun-Hei Koo. "Optical gain characteristics in (1 1 \bar{2}\,0)-oriented CdZnO/MgZnO quantum wells emitting at 360–400 nm." Semiconductor Science and Technology 25, no. 4 (March 9, 2010): 045016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/25/4/045016.

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29

Samra, S. E., A. M. Youssef, and B. S. Girgis. "Catalytic Properties of Silica-supported 12-Molybdophosphoric Acid in the Conversion of 2-Propanol." Adsorption Science & Technology 12, no. 3 (September 1995): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749501200303.

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A technical silica gel was impregnated with a solution of the titled heteropoly acid (1–20 w/w%) and calcined at 400, 600 or 800 °C. Dehydration of the alcohol generally increased with the loaded acid, and decreased almost linearly with the reaction temperature (360–260°C). The best alcohol decomposition was achieved over the 600°C-calcined catalysts when over 90% conversion to propene was attained. The apparent activation energies decreased with the degree of loading and attained a value of 22 kJ/mol on the 600°C-calcined 20% HPMo-supported catalyst (half that on the solids calcined at 400°C and 800°C). The catalytic dehydration cannot be described by means of a proton-involved mechanism on the severely treated catalysts at ≥600°C. An outer surface mechanism might be effective involving terminal oxygens and MoV ions.

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30

Kume, K., and Z. Bajrami. "DESCRIPTION DE CERTAINES POPULATIONS TRADITIONNELLES DE CAPRINS D'ALBANIE: PERFORMANCES LAITIERES ET CROISSANCE DANS LES NOYAUX DE RACE EN MILIEUX DIFFICILES." Animal Genetic Resources Information 16 (April 1995): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000547.

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SUMMARYThe authors describe in this article the characteristics of eight distinct Albanian goat populations that have been managed and bred under what can be considered regional isolates for many generations; from the plain of Shkodra (± I50 m from sea level) to the hillsides of Vlora (± 350 m) and the high mountains of Tropoja (± 1 400 m). The great variability of conformation and average milked yield per lactation (from around 100 kg for the Dukat breed up to 360 kg for the Relipoje) and the daily weight gain is presented and discussed by the authors.

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Azizah, Masayu, and Fitriani Fitriani. "Efek Antiinflamasi dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus murray) terhadap Tikus Putih Jantan." Scientia : Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan 5, no. 2 (November 16, 2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36434/scientia.v5i2.25.

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The observation on anti-inflammatory effects ofextract of durian rind(Durio zibethinus Murray) has been done. Extractof durian rind(Durio zibethinus Murray) dose were: 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Tween 80 2% was used as negative control and diclofenac sodium 0.9 mg/200g was used as positive control. The parameter was the percentage of inflammation observed in the left foot of male albino rats induced by 1% suspension of carrageen. Measurements of parameter was done every 30 minutes for 360 minutes. The results showed that percentage of anti-inflammatory of diclofenac sodium 0.9 mg/200g, the extract in dose of 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were 64.9%, 61.86%, 52.98% and 48.58%respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of durian rind(Durio zibethinus Murray) has an anti-inflammatory effects. The optimal dose as an anti-inflammatory agentwas 400mg/kg BW

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32

Teixeira, E. A., A. C. C. Euler, P. M. C. Faria, E. M. Turra, R. K. Luz, S. A. Prado, R. Takata, et al. "Performance and nutrient utilization in South American juvenile catfish Pseudoplatystoma spp. weighting 89 - 170g, fed at different energy and protein levels." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65, no. 5 (October 2013): 1500–1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352013000500031.

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Most studies in nutrition for the South American catfish (surubim) were limited to the initial phase of development. However, it is clear that performance and nutrient utilization can change during the life stages of a fish. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and nutrient utilization in juveniles of surubim fed diets varying in protein and energy levels. Two experiments were performed to test different levels of energy and protein in formulated diets. In the first experiment, surubim juveniles (89.2±4.8g) were fed five diets containing different levels of energy (18.0, 18.8, 19.6, 20.5, 21.3 MJ/kg). In the second experiment, juveniles (170.03±3.35g) were fed five diets containing different levels of protein (360, 400, 440, 480 and 520g/kg). The most favorable energy level for weight gain was 20.3 MJ/kg. The increasing energy levels provided a rise in fat and decrease in protein whole-body composition. The protein amount was between 360 to 400g/kg (383g/kg), which was adequate for performance and nutrient assimilation in surubim juveniles.

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El-Amry, Aeshah, Shaaban A. Elroby, Oliver Kühn, and Rifaat H. Hilal. "Toward understanding tautomeric switching in hydroxynaphthaldehydes: Characterization of electronic absorption spectra." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 14, no. 05 (August 2015): 1550033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633615500339.

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Long-wavelength electronic absorption spectra of 4-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, its dimer complexes, and 4-hydroxy-3-(piperidine-1-ylmethyl)-1-naphthaldehyde are investigated using time-dependent density functional theory with the TPSSh functional within a continuum solvation model. The results are correlated to recent experimental findings on solvent-, pH- and concentration-dependent absorption. It is confirmed that with decreasing wavelength the spectrum is dominated by the deprotonated (360 nm–400 nm), the dimer (340 nm–370 nm) and the monomer (< 280 nm) species. The potential use of hydroxynaphthaldehydes for the design of tautomeric switches is discussed.

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34

Fragalà, M. E., G. Compagnini, and O. Puglisi. "Ion beam enhanced thermal depolymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 1 (January 1999): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0034.

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Ion beam enhanced thermal depolymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films, 1–2 µm thick, has been studied in the temperature range 100–400 °C using a 300 keV He+ beam at very low fluence (5 × 1010−5 × 1011 ions cm−2). A relevant monomer evolution (mass signal m/z = 100) at temperature (150 °C) well below the conventional degradation temperature (360 °C) has been detected during irradiation. The observed phenomenon is discussed in terms of activation energies and diffusion processes within the investigated films. The possibility offered by this phenomenon of performing a microlithography process in only one step is discussed.

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35

Yap, Timothy A., David Olmos, Andre T. Brunetto, Nina Tunariu, Jorge Barriuso, Ruth Riisnaes, Lorna Pope, et al. "Phase I Trial of a Selective c-MET Inhibitor ARQ 197 Incorporating Proof of Mechanism Pharmacodynamic Studies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 10 (April 1, 2011): 1271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.31.0367.

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Purpose The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET axis is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. ARQ 197 is an oral, selective, non–adenosine triphosphate competitive c-MET inhibitor. A phase I trial of ARQ 197 was conducted to assess safety, tolerability, and target inhibition, including intratumoral c-MET signaling, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Patients and Methods Patients with solid tumors amenable to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies using serial biopsies, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and circulating endothelial cell (CEC) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration were enrolled. Results Fifty-one patients received ARQ 197 at 100 to 400 mg twice per day. ARQ 197 was well tolerated, with the most common toxicities being grade 1 to 2 fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Dose-limiting toxicities included grade 3 fatigue (200 mg twice per day; n = 1); grade 3 mucositis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, and hypokalemia (400 mg twice per day; n = 1); and grade 3 to 4 febrile neutropenia (400 mg twice per day, n = 2; 360 mg twice per day, n = 1). The recommended phase II dose was 360 mg twice per day. ARQ 197 systemic exposure was dose dependent and supported twice per day oral dosing. ARQ 197 decreased phosphorylated c-MET, total c-MET, and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining in tumor biopsies (n = 15). CECs decreased in 25 (58.1%) of 43 patients, but no significant changes in DCE-MRI parameters were observed after ARQ 197 treatment. Of 15 patients with detectable CTCs, eight (53.3%) had ≥ 30% decline in CTCs after treatment. Stable disease, as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), ≥ 4 months was observed in 14 patients, with minor regressions in gastric and Merkel cell cancers. Conclusion ARQ 197 safely inhibited intratumoral c-MET signaling. Further clinical evaluation focusing on combination approaches, including an erlotinib combination in non–small-cell lung cancer, is ongoing.

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Güth, Jan-Frederik, Ana Elisa Colle Kauling, Kazuhiko Ueda, Beuer Florian, and Michael Stimmelmayr. "Transmission of light in the visible spectrum (400–700 nm) and blue spectrum (360–540 nm) through CAD/CAM polymers." Clinical Oral Investigations 20, no. 9 (February 26, 2016): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1755-x.

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37

Horn, E., F. Ashton, J. C. Haselgrove, and L. D. Peachey. "Tilt Unlimited: A 360 Degree Tilt Specimen Holder for the Jeol 4000-Ex 400 Kv TEM with Modified Objective Lens." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 996–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089299.

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Intermediate voltage electron microscopes are used in biological research to produce high quality images of relatively thick specimens, including whole cells prepared by critical point drying and sections up to several microns thick of embedded cells and tissues. Pairs of images with the specimen tilted by angles appropriate for the magnification and the specimen thickness can be viewed stereoscopically as a way to extract 3D information from these thick specimens. The tilts appropriate for stereo imaging of such thick specimens usually don't exceed +/-20 degrees. Quantitative 3D measurement and 3D reconstruction using tomography or computer graphic tracing methods give the highest accuracy results when the maximum range of tilt angles is available.

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El Haddad, Rania, Silva Karkoulian, and Rabih Nehme. "The impact of 360 feedback appraisal system on organizational justice and sustainability." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 712–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2018-1499.

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Purpose This paper aims to extend previous results demonstrating a statistically significant causal relationship between the implementation of 360-degree feedback in an organization and employees’ perceptions of organizational justice. It explores the sustainability of this justice, ultimately making it an integral part of the organizational culture. The paper examines whether the previous model (based on relationships among 360-degree feedback, organizational justice and sustainability of organizational justice) is invariant across different levels of management (i.e. operational and top/middle managers) and across a group of female versus male employees. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling multigroup analysis and invariance tests were conducted with a cross-sectional sample of 400 employees in various positions in home appliances and electronics organizations. Findings The results further sustain/contest previous findings on the relationships among appraisal, organizational justice and sustainability among respondents of different genders and at different managerial levels. The results also provide significant practical implications. Top managers and supervisors can incorporate gender and managerial level differences identified in this study to modify their management styles and appraisal techniques to install high levels of organizational justice and achieve a competitive edge through the sustained levels of this organizational justice. Originality/value This study is the first to explore the impact of implementing a 360-degree appraisal system on employees’ perceptions of justice, while taking into consideration gender differences, i.e. whether males or females tend to perceive different types of justice within the organization and whether they differ in the way that they react to the appraisal system being implemented within the workplace. Given all the positive traits associated with a 360-feedback appraisal system, the way that this feedback is viewed and interpreted by employees can differ according to the employee’s rank within the organization, i.e. whether he/she belongs to top/middle management team or the operational/front-line management team.

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Hongying, Yang, Zhang Jingjing, Yang Zhihui, Zhou Jinli, Xie Wanzi, and Cui Shizhong. "Methods for improving the accuracy of CIE tristimulus values of object color by calculation Part II: Improvement on measurement wavelength ranges." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502098596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020985964.

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The previous paper (part I) analyzed test errors of the spectrophotometer and their reasons, then systematically investigated the algorithms to reduce measuring bandpass error and intervals error. This paper (part II) focuses on the influence of measurement wavelength ranges and their truncation errors, and some algorithms to overcome the truncation errors. CIE recommends that tristimulus values are calculated over a range of 360–830 nm. However, most spectrophotometers do not meet it. The reduction of measurement range will result in a measurement range error or a truncation error. In this study, five ranges commonly employed in practice are selected for investigating the truncation errors, and three extrapolation methods are used to extend the data to compensate for the measurement range loss. Results are obtained by employing 1301 Munsell color chips under illuminant D65 and CIE 1964 standard observer. For the standard 1-nm intervals, the narrower the range, the larger the truncation error. For the usual-measured 10-nm intervals, bandpass error and intervals error should be handled at the same time, 380–780 nm Table LWL gives the highest accurate outcomes, which even improve the accuracy of the range 360–750 nm to an acceptable level. Whereas, ranges of 360–700 nm and 400–700 nm still need extrapolation to reduce their truncation errors even with Table LWL. Three extrapolation methods of nearest, linear and second-order all reduce the truncation error, but for different ranges, algorithms and illuminants, the optimal method of extrapolation varies.

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Banks, William, John L. Clapperton, D. Donald Muir, and Anne K. Girdler. "Whipping properties of cream in relation to milk composition." Journal of Dairy Research 56, no. 1 (February 1989): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900026261.

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SummaryDietary manipulation was used to produce a similar series of milks from both Friesian and Jersey cows. The gross compositions of the milks, the fatty acid (FA) composition of the milk fats, the distribution of molecular sizes in the triglycerides of the milk fat, the melting properties of the milk fats, and the whipping properties of creams containing 360 and 400 g fat/kg were measured. Changes in gross composition and FA composition were as expected from the use of dietary oil supplements, but it was established that the mathematical relation between 18:0 and 18:1 differed between breeds, the Jersey yielding a milk fat with a lower proportion of 18:1 for a given value of 18:0. Control diets free from added fat produced milk fats with essentially unimodal triglyceride distributions, whereas fatrich diets produced bimodal distributions. The slight differences in these distributions between breeds were merely a reflection of variations in FA composition rather than in synthetic procedures. Differences in the whipping properties of creams containing 360 and 400 g fat/kg were consistent with literature observations. Dietary manipulation had little effect on the whipping properties of creams derived from Friesian cows, but caused considerable changes in the corresponding properties of the creams from Jersey cows. The only property that behaved similarly in the creams from the two breeds was the butter time, i.e. the time taken for butter granules to form on prolonged whipping of the cream. A major determinant of the butter time appeared to be the proportion of the fat that was molten at the temperature at which the whipping experiments were carried out.

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Anderson, Alan J., Robert A. Mayanovic, and Thomas Lee. "The local structure of Ta(v) aqua ions in high temperature fluoride- and chloride-bearing solutions: Implications for Ta transport in granite-related postmagmatic fluids." Canadian Mineralogist 57, no. 6 (November 30, 2019): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1900022.

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Abstract The local structure of Ta(V) in high-temperature fluoride- and chloride-bearing acidic solutions was investigated using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). All XAS spectra were collected from two solutions, designated A and B, at beamline ID-20-C at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Spectra were collected from solution A at 350 and 400 °C and from solution B at 25, 360, and 400 °C after the solutions were sealed in a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. Solution A was prepared by dissolving Ta2O5 powder in 5% HF solution; solution B consisted of TaCl5 dissolved in 2% HF. The dominant tantalum species in solution A at elevated temperatures was TaF83–. In contrast, TaCl6–, which was the dominant complex in solution B at room temperature, disappeared as hydroxide complexes with an average ligand number between 5 and 7 became the dominant species at 350 and 400 °C. The XAS results confirm the previously recognized effect of fluoride activity on Ta speciation in hydrothermal fluids and suggest that both fluoride and hydroxide complexes play an important role in the transport of Ta in acidic fluoride-bearing solutions involved in the formation of mineralized mica-rich replacement units in granitic pegmatites.

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Safi, Seyed Majid, Seyed Yousef Ahmadi Brooghani, Hossein Amirabadi, Khalil Khalili, and Mohamad Kazem Besharati Givi. "A Comparison of Tensile Strength and Impact Energy of Austempered versus Step Quenched 4340 Ultra High Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 553 (June 2013): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.553.41.

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This study was conducted to determine if austempered 4340 steel had different mechanical properties compared to step quenched 4340 steel. Tensile strength and impact energy was determined at room temperature under identical test conditions. The specimens were cut from a bar with 25 mm diameter and austenitized at 800°C for 60 min and followed by quenching at 430°C for the high austempering temperature to achieve the upper bainite morphology and at 360°C for the lower austempering temperature to achieve the lower bainite morphology. In the case of step quenched, the specimens were first austempered at 430°C and then austempered at 360°C to achieve the mixed structure of upper bainite and lower bainite morphology. The another set of specimens for step quenching, after austenitization were quenched to below Ms (martensite start temperature), followed by heating at 400°C to achieve the mixed structure of tempered martensite and lower bainite and 500°C to achieve the mixed structure of tempered martensite and upper bainite. It is also shown that the best combination of strength and ductility can be achieved by the mixed structure of tempered martensite and lower bainite that has been suggested in this investigation.

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Medeiros, Reinaldo T., Flávia G. Chaves, Maurício B. Vecchi, Denise M. Nogueira, and Maria Alice S. Alves. "Molecular sexing and intersexual differences in the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae)." Zoologia 36 (November 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e32771.

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Variation in the morphometry of individuals in a population may result from natural or sexual selection. In the present study we investigated morphometric differences between males and females of a bird species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant, Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Wied, 1831), with no apparent sexual dimorphism. All individuals (n = 56) were sexed by PCR amplification of the intronic fragments of the CHDZ/CHDW alleles obtained from blood samples, and 12 morphometric measurements were recorded. The molecular configuration was similar to that described for other species of Passeriformes, with males presenting a single band of approximately 360 base pairs (bp), and females with two bands of 360 and 400 bp. Males had significantly larger tarsi and wings than the females, while the females had two larger beak measurements. This indicates that differential selection pressures may be modeling the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant. In the males, larger tarsi and wings may be beneficial for the exploration of the habitat or the acquisition of potential mates, while females with larger beaks may be able to exploit larger food items and forage more efficiently. However, these hypotheses need to be tested empirically in future studies.

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Vargas, L., M. A. Bianchi, M. A. Rizzardi, D. Agostinetto, and T. Dal Magro. "Buva (Conyza bonariensis) resistente ao glyphosate na região sul do Brasil." Planta Daninha 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582007000300017.

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O glyphosate é um herbicida não-seletivo utilizado para controlar plantas daninhas há mais de 20 anos no Rio Grande do Sul. A buva (Conyza bonariensis) é uma espécie daninha comum nos Estados da região Sul do Brasil e tradicionalmente controlada com uso de glyphosate. Entretanto, nos últimos anos plantas de buva têm apresentado poucos sintomas de toxicidade em resposta ao tratamento com glyphosate, sugerindo que estas plantas são resistentes ao herbicida. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta de uma população de plantas de buva a glyphosate, foram realizados três experimentos: um em campo e dois em casa de vegetação. No experimento em campo, os tratamentos avaliados constaram de doses crescentes de glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1.440, 2.880 e 5.760 g ha-1), e os herbicidas paraquat (400 g ha-1) e 2,4-D (1.005 g ha-1) foram empregados como produtos testemunhas, com diferentes mecanismos de ação nas plantas. No experimento em casa de vegetação os tratamentos constaram de doses crescentes de glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1.440, 2.880 e 5.760 g ha-1), mais os herbicidas testemunhas, aplicados sobre plantas de um biótipo considerado resistente e de outro considerado sensível. No segundo experimento realizado em casa de vegetação, foram avaliados os tratamentos contendo glyphosate (720, 1.440 e 2.880 g ha-1), mais os herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl (40 g ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (4 g ha-1), 2,4-D (1.005 g ha-1), paraquat (400 g ha-1) e diuron + paraquat (200 + 400 g ha-1), bem como a testemunha sem tratamento herbicida. A toxicidade dos tratamentos herbicidas foi avaliada aos 7, 15 e 30 DAT (dias após tratamento). Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos em condições de campo e em casa de vegetação, de forma geral, evidenciam que o biótipo sensível é controlado pelo glyphosate e pelos demais herbicidas avaliados. Demonstram ainda que o biótipo resistente apresenta-se, igualmente ao biótipo sensível, altamente suscetível aos herbicidas com mecanismo de ação distinto daquele do glyphosate. Entretanto, o biótipo resistente mostra baixa resposta ao herbicida glyphosate, mesmo se este for empregado em doses elevadas, evidenciando ter adquirido resistência a esse produto.

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Luliana, Sri, Ressi Susanti, and Ellya Agustina. "Antiinflammatory Activity Test of Aqueous Extracts Herb of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) in Caragenan Inducted Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.)." Majalah Obat Tradisional 22, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.31556.

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Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) empirically has been used to treat sore throat, inflammatory of the airways, gingivitis, and other diseases. This research was to determine the inflammatory activity of water herb extract of P. angulata L. on white male rats edema Wistar strain induced carragenan. P. angulata L. herbs were extracted using infundation method and were dried with frezee drying. Parameter that would be observed of this research was the inhibition foot edema of rat after induction of 0.1 mL of λ-carragenan 2% for 360 minutes. Measurement of edema volume was using pletismometer. The results of this research showed water herb extract of P. angulata L. in dose 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW has potensial as an antiinflammatory drug by percent respectively were 20.13; 28.93; and 34.70%. The three doses hasn’t showed any significant difference (p>0.05) with the positive control of diclofenac sodium dose 4.5 mg/kgBW was 33.90%. Conclusion of this research states water herb extract of P. angulata L. has antiinflammatory activity with effective dose of 400 mg/kgBW.

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Hwang, Jundar, and Junshou Lin. "Band-modulation of MgZnO/ZnO Metal-semiconductor-metal Photodetectors." ITM Web of Conferences 17 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181702006.

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Magnesium (Mg) diffusion behavior on the band modulation of MgxZn1-xO/ZnO metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) was studied. As the annealing temperature increases, Mg atoms diffuse from MgxZn1-xO into the underlying ZnO layer, which modulates the detection band of the fabricated MSM-PDs from two distinct bands into one band. For the annealing temperature lower than 900 ºC, two detection bands were achieved located in the wavelength region of 280–320 nm and 360–400 nm, attributed to the absorption of the MgxZn1-xO and the ZnO layer, respectively. When the annealing temperature is raised to 900 ºC, the MgxZn1-xO/ZnO bi- layer becomes homogenized into a single MgxZn1-xO layer, leading to only one detection band with a wavelength region of 280–340 nm. In the photoluminescence measurement, the as-deposited MgxZn1-xO/ZnO bi-layer demonstrates two distinct emission peaks located at about 340 and 400 nm for the absorption of the MgxZn1-xO and ZnO layers, whereas only one emission peak of 355 nm was observed in the 900 ºC-annealed MgxZn1-xO/ZnO bi-layer.

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Kozlov, V. K., M. Sh Garifullin, A. Kh Sabitov, and R. A. Giniatullin. "FLUORESCENT PROPERTIES OF PAPER INSULATION OF OIL-FILLED TRANSFORMERS." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, no. 11-12 (February 27, 2019): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-11-12-144-151.

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The effect of paper thermal destruction on its luminescence spectra and luminescence excitation spectra in the spectral ranges of 400-550 nm and 250-450 nm, respectively, was studied. It is proposed to use the characteristic changes in the intensity and shape of the luminescence spectra as a criterion for the state of paper insulation of power transformers. On the basis of the analysis performed, it was concluded that when luminescence is excited at a wavelength of 360 nm, none of the main components of the paper can contribute to the recorded luminescence spectra. It is assumed that the resulting luminescence spectra are due to the emission of various impurities that enter the paper during its production.

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Saleh, Karrar Mahdi. "Study Influence of Substrate Temperature on Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray pyrolysis." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 32, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/32.1.1982.

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This study aims to prepare Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films using thermal Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) on glass of different temperatures substrate from cadmium nitrate solution. Constant thickness was (430 ± 20 nm) and the effect of substrate temperature on the optical properties of prepared thin films. Optical properties have been studied from transmittance and absorbance spectral within wavelengths range (360 - 900 nm). The results show that all the prepared films have a direct electron transitions and optical energy gap between (2.31-2.44 eV). They also show that the transmittance and optical energy gap of films prepared from nitrate solution increase with increasing of substrate temperature, then transmittance start downward with the continued increase in temperature (400, 450) oC.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The Effect Of Thickness on The Optical Properties Of ZnS." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2007): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.4.647-652.

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Zinc sulfide(ZnS) thin films of different thickness were deposited on corning glass with the substrate kept at room temperature and high vacuum using thermal evaporation technique.the film properties investigated include their absorbance/transmittance/reflectance spectra,band gap,refractive index,extinction coefficient,complex dielectric constant and thickness.The films were found to exhibt high transmittance(59-98%) ,low absorbance and low reflectance in the visible/near infrared region up to 900 nm..However, the absorbance of the films were found to be high in the ultra violet region with peak around 360 nm.The thickness(using optical interference fringes method) of various films thichness(100,200,300,and 400) nm.The band gap measured was found to be in the range (3.52 -3.78 )eV.

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Galvis Botía, Diana Rocío, Nydia Genith Peñaranda, and Jaime William Jojoa Muñoz. "Análisis de los factores que inciden en la desestabilización de las columnas de la catedral de sal en Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca." Ingeniería Investigación y Desarrollo 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/1900771x.3936.

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Este artículo analiza los factores que generan mayor afectación en la estabilidad de las cámaras 360, 380y 400, que constituyen el espacio ocupado por la Catedral de Sal de Zipaquirá, mediante el estudio de laspropiedades tanto físicas como mecánicas de la matriz rocosa. A partir de allí se determinan las propiedades de macizo y su posible comportamiento ante el estado de esfuerzos verticales y horizontales, además de las cargas actuantes sobre machones y columnas, teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de los planos de discontinuidades presentes en los elementos de sostenimiento natural. Posteriormente se analizan algunos de los factores que generan la mayor inestabilidad para definir cuál de ellos incide de manera dominante y determinar un método para mitigarlo.

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Journal articles on the topic '360-400'

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