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MOUNT, MICHAEL K., TIMOTHY A. JUDGE, STEVEN E. SCULLEN, MARCIA R. SYTSMA, and SARAH A. HEZLETT. "TRAIT, RATER AND LEVEL EFFECTS IN 360-DEGREE PERFORMANCE RATINGS." Personnel Psychology 51, no. 3 (September 1998): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1998.tb00251.x.
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Brown, Anna, Ilke Inceoglu, and Yin Lin. "Preventing Rater Biases in 360-Degree Feedback by Forcing Choice." Organizational Research Methods 20, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428116668036.
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We examined the effects of response biases on 360-degree feedback using a large sample ( N = 4,675) of organizational appraisal data. Sixteen competencies were assessed by peers, bosses, and subordinates of 922 managers as well as self-assessed using the Inventory of Management Competencies (IMC) administered in two formats—Likert scale and multidimensional forced choice. Likert ratings were subject to strong response biases, making even theoretically unrelated competencies correlate highly. Modeling a latent common method factor, which represented nonuniform distortions similar to those of “ideal-employee” factor in both self- and other assessments, improved validity of competency scores as evidenced by meaningful second-order factor structures, better interrater agreement, and better convergent correlations with an external personality measure. Forced-choice rankings modeled with Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) yielded as good construct and convergent validities as the bias-controlled Likert ratings and slightly better rater agreement. We suggest that the mechanism for these enhancements is finer differentiation between behaviors in comparative judgements and advocate the operational use of the multidimensional forced-choice response format as an effective bias prevention method.
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Westerman, James W., and Joseph G. Rosse. "Reducing the Threat of Rater Nonparticipation in 360-Degree Feedback Systems." Group & Organization Management 22, no. 2 (June 1997): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601197222008.
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정재창. "A Generalizability Theory Approach in Investigating the Rater Effect in 360 Degree Feedback." Korean Journal of Human Resource Development Quarterly 11, no. 3 (October 2009): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18211/kjhrdq.2009.11.3.009.
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Antonioni, David, and Heejoon Park. "The relationship between rater affect and three sources of 360-degree feedback ratings." Journal of Management 27, no. 4 (August 2001): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700405.
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Penny, James A. "Exploring Differential Item Functioning in a 360-Degree Assessment: Rater Source and Method of Delivery." Organizational Research Methods 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428102239426.
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Lornudd, Caroline, David Bergman, Christer Sandahl, and Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz. "A randomised study of leadership interventions for healthcare managers." Leadership in Health Services 29, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-06-2015-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to assess two different leader development interventions by comparing their effects on leadership behaviour and evaluating their combined impact after two years, from the viewpoints of both the participating managers and external raters. Design/methodology/approach The study was a longitudinal randomised controlled trial with a cross-over design. Health care managers (n = 177) were first randomised to either of two 10-month interventions and a year later were switched to the other intervention. Leadership behaviour was rated at pre-test and 12 and 24 months by participating managers and their superiors, colleagues and subordinates using a 360-degree instrument. Analysis of variance and multilevel regression analysis was performed. Findings No difference in effect on leadership behaviour was found between the two interventions. The evaluation of the combined effect of the interventions on leadership behaviour showed inconsistent (i.e. both increased and decreased) ratings by the various rater sources. Practical implications This study provides some evidence that participation in leadership development programmes can improve managers’ leadership behaviours, but the results also highlight the interpretive challenges connected with using a 360-degree instrument to evaluate such development. Originality/value The longitudinal randomised controlled design and the large sample comprising both managers and external raters make this study unusually rigorous in the field of leadership development evaluations.
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Chandler, Nicole, Gavin Henderson, Brittany Park, Julie Byerley, Wallace D. Brown, and Michael J. Steiner. "Use of a 360-Degree Evaluation in the Outpatient Setting: The Usefulness of Nurse, Faculty, Patient/Family, and Resident Self-Evaluation." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00013.1.
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Abstract Background Faculty have traditionally evaluated resident physician professionalism and interpersonal skills without input from patients, family members, nurses, or the residents themselves. The objective of our study was to use “360-degree evaluations,” as suggested by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), to determine if nonfaculty ratings of resident professionalism and interpersonal skills differ from faculty ratings. Methods Pediatrics residents were enrolled in a hospital-based resident continuity clinic during a 5-week period. Patient/families (P/Fs), faculty (MD [doctor of medicine]), nurses (RNs [registered nurses]), and residents themselves (self) completed evaluator-specific evaluations after each clinic session by using a validated 10-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The average Likert score was tallied for each questionnaire. Mean Likert scale scores for each type of rater were compared by using analysis of variance, text with pair-wise comparisons when appropriate. Agreement between rater types was measured by using the Pearson correlation. Results A total of 823 evaluations were completed for 66 residents (total eligible residents, 69; 95% participation). All evaluators scored residents highly (mean Likert score range, 4.4 to 4.9). However, MDs and RNs scored residents higher than did P/Fs (mean scores: MD, 4.77, SD [standard deviation], 0.32; RN, 4.85, SD, 0.30; P/F, 4.53, SD, 0.96; P < .0001). MD and RN scores also were higher than residents' self-evaluation scores, but there was no difference between self-scores and P/F scores (average resident self-score, 4.44, SD, 0.43; P < .0001 compared to MD and RN; P = .19 compared to P/F). Correlation coefficients between all combinations of raters ranged from −0.21 to 0.21 and none were statistically significant. Conclusion Our study found high ratings for resident professionalism and interpersonal skills. However, different members of the health care team rated residents differently, and ratings are not correlated. Our results provide evidence for the potential value of 360-degree evaluations.
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Rowson, Anne‐Marie. "Using 360 Degree Feedback Instruments up, down and around the world: Implications for global implementation and use of Multi‐Rater Feedback." International Journal of Selection and Assessment 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00071.
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Becton, J. Bret, and Mike Schraeder. "Participant Input into Rater Selection: Potential Effects on the Quality and Acceptance of Ratings in the Context of 360-Degree Feedback." Public Personnel Management 33, no. 1 (March 2004): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600403300102.
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Vilkinas, Tricia. "Comparing multisource ratings: can I believe what they say about my leadership behaviour?" Management Research Review 39, no. 9 (September 19, 2016): 1105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-03-2015-0066.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the feedback managers receive from their work colleagues is based on a shared understanding of their leadership behaviours. This similarity in perception is called conceptual equivalence. The study also took into account the managers’ and their work colleagues’ expectations. Design/methodology/approach A total of 441 managers participated in a 360-degree feedback programme that sought responses from their bosses (n = 380), peers (n = 1,621) and subordinates (n = 1,680). The instrument used was the Competing Values Framework 16-item survey, which describes the leadership behaviours that managers must display to be effective. It also measures the behaviours they consider important. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the rating scores of the managers and the three hierarchical levels of their work colleagues to determine conceptual equivalence between self and work colleagues’ ratings. Conceptual models were formulated and compared by testing for factor form equivalence. Findings Conceptual equivalence was found across all rater groups for both leadership behaviours displayed and the importance of leadership behaviours. Practical implications This paper provides managers and human resource professionals with useful insights on how to improve the use of 360-degree feedback processes by ensuring that conceptual equivalence is established for feedback supplied by raters from different hierarchical levels. The findings also stress the importance of including expectations when receiving feedback on leadership behaviours. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the benefits of determining the conceptual equivalence of feedback received by managers from various work colleagues. A second contribution is the inclusion of expectations in the feedback process, as none of the previous work has included such a measure.
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Ock, Jisoo. "Construct Validity Evidence for Multisource Performance Ratings: Is Interrater Reliability Enough?" Industrial and Organizational Psychology 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.19.
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As organizations become decentralized and work becomes team based, organizations are adopting performance management practices that integrate employees’ performance information from multiple perspectives (e.g., 360-degree performance ratings). Both arguments for and against the use of performance ratings presented in the focal article focused on rater agreement (or lack thereof) as evidence supporting the position that multisource ratings are a useful (or not a useful) approach to performance appraisal. In the argument for the use of multisource ratings, Adler, Campion, and Grubb (Adler et al., 2016) point out that multisource ratings are advantageous because they lead to increased interrater reliability in the ratings. Although Adler and colleagues were not explicit about why this would be true, proponents of multisource ratings often cite the measurement theory assumption that increasing the number of raters will yield more valid and reliable scores to the extent that there is any correlation in the ratings (Shrout & Fleiss, 1979). In the argument against the use of multisource performance ratings, Colquitt, Murphy, and Ollander-Krane argued that because multisource ratings pool together ratings from raters who are systematically different in terms of their roles and perspectives about the target employee's performance, the increased number of raters is not expected to resolve the low level of interrater agreement that is typically observed in performance ratings (Viswesvaran, Ones, & Schmidt, 1996).
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Gheith, Nervana Abdel-Rahman. "Applying a balanced score card approach and Multi-Rater feedback strategy to shift from appraising to managing head nurses’ performance at general surgical units-Main Mansoura University Hospital-Egypt." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 8 (March 27, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p119.
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Background and objective: Traditionally, performance appraisal is used to measure behaviors, procedures or actions taken as in head nurse performance plans. Applying balanced score card measures at the nursing administration department level with participating the findings with all nursing staff and patients will help administrators to get all information needed to match head nurses performance plans with nursing administration department as well as hospital goals which help in drawing full shape of performance. The objective was to apply balanced scorecard approach with 360-degree feedback strategy to shift from appraising to managing head nurses’ performance at general surgical units -Main Mansoura University Hospital-Egypt.Methods: Subjects: All supervisors (n = 12), head nurses (n = 10), staff nurses (n = 96) working in general surgical units and all available patients admitted to these units at the time of study (n = 113) were included. Tools: Eight tools that were used for data collection involved feedback questionnaires for patients, head nurses, staff nurses and supervisors, observational checklist, activity analysis checklist, auditing performance appraisal form, and auditing personnel decisions form.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between head nurses, staff nurses and supervisors’ perspectives from one side and among patients’ perspectives from the other side regarding the performance of head nurses’ in general surgical units. In addition, nearly of third of head nurses’ time spent in unclassified activities. However, none of personnel decisions depended on performance appraisal outcomes.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that the methods used to measure head nurses’ performance in general surgical units at Main Mansoura University Hospital were not integrated or depend on clear work standards to develop and improve the performance of Head Nurses (HNs).
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Fanani, Zaenal, Djemari Mardapi, and Wuradji Wuradji. "MODEL ASESMEN KEPEMIMPINAN PEMBELAJARAN KEPALA SEKOLAH PENDIDIKAN DASAR." Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v18i1.2129.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan model asesmen kepemimpinan pembel-ajaran kepala sekolah, dan (2) mengetahui keefektifan kepemimpinan pembelajaran kepala sekolah. Model asesmen kepemimpinan pembelajaran ini menggunakan pendekatan 360-degree assesessment, yakni asesmen dari guru, kepala sekolah dan pengawas. Jumlah responden sebanyak 560 yang terdiri dari 466 guru, 47 kepala sekolah, dan 47 pengawas pada jenjang SD dan SMP. Dua daerah dipilih untuk mewakili Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, yakni masing-masing satu dari Kabupaten Banjar dan Kota Banjarbaru. Ukuran sampel sekolah sebanyak 47 diambil dari wilayah berbeda, yakni wilayah kota, pinggiran, dan desa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert (1-4) yang terdiri atas 36 item. Responden dari setiap sekolah terdiri atas 10 guru, satu kepala sekolah, dan satu pengawas dari sekolah yang sama untuk mengisi instrumen. Teknik analisis data untuk uji kecocokan model dengan data dan invariansi parameter model antar group rater menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) model asesmen kepemimpinan pembelajaran kepala sekolah dengan 4 dimensi dan 36 items menunjukkan kecocokan dengan data empiris (χ2, p=0,347>0,050; RMSEA=0,006<0,080) dan semua item memiliki standardized loading factor yang signifikan (t>1,96; λ>0,50), dan (2) persentase kepala sekolah yang memiliki keefektifan kepemimpinan pembelajaran pada kategori tinggi dan sedang berturut-turut adalah sebesar 19% dan 79%, dan dengan skala 100, rerata skor dimensi visi, supervisi, penilaian kinerja guru, dan pengembangan keprofesian guru berturut-turut adalah sebesar 74, 65, 65 dan 63. Kata kunci: model asesmen, kepemimpinan pembelajaran ______________________________________________________________A MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF PRINCIPAL INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP OF BASIC EDUCATIONAbstract This study aims to: (1) develop a model for assessment of principal instructional leadership, and (2) describe the effectiveness of the principal instructional leadership. This assessment model was developed by using 360 degree assessment approach, i.e. the assessment from teachers, principals, and supervisors. The respondents were 560 people that consisted of 466 teachers, 47 principals, and 47 supervisors from elementary and secondary school. Banjar and Banjarbaru districts were selected to represent the South Kalimantan Province. A sample of 47 schools was established from the different areas: urban, suburban, and rural areas. The data were collected using a Likert scale questionaire (1-4) with 36 items. The respondents who were selected from each school consisted of 10 teachers, one principal, and one supervisor to complete the questionaire. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to test the fitness between model and data and invariance of measurement across group raters. The findings of this study show that: (1) the model for assessment of instructional leadership with four dimensions and 36 items shows a good fitness to data (χ2, p=0.347>0.050; RMSEA= 0.006<0.080) and all items have the significant standardized loading factors (t>1.96; λ>0.50), and (2) the percentage of principals having instructional leadership effectiveness at high and moderate cotegory repectively is 19% and 79%, and by 100 scale, the mean score of vision for learning, supervision, assessmnet of teacher performance, teacher professional development, respectively is 74, 65, 65, and 63.Keywords: assessment model, instructional leadership
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Jaruratanasirikul, Somchit, and Wassana Khotchasing. "Using a 360-degree assessment of pediatric residency training: experience at Prince of Songkla University, Thailand." Asian Biomedicine 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0801.268.
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Abstract Background: The Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Songkla University (PSU) with 7-10 pediatric residents per year has implied a 360-degree evaluating instrument for residency training since 2007. Objective: We determined the competency ratings of pediatric residents during their training. Methods: During 2007-2011, 23 pediatric residents finished the pediatric residency program. At each ward rotation, each pediatric resident was rated for competency skills by four different categories of raters: attending staff, nurses, medical students, and the patients’ parents. The average score of each competency given by each category of raters was calculated, and was compared to scores of multiple-choice questions (MCQ) and constructed response questions (CRQ) of Thai Board of Pediatric Examination. Results: The mean overall scores of each resident rated by the attending staff, nurses, medical students, and patients’ parents increased with year of residency training. The mean overall scores of each resident rated by attending physicians were positively correlated with the MCQ (r = 0.42, p = 0.04) and CRQ (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) scores of the Thai Board of Pediatrics Examination. Conclusion: The 360-degree assessments with ratings by attending physicians during the pediatric training are reliable for assessment the medical knowledge of the residents.
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Lelliott, Paul, Richard Williams, Alex Mears, Manoharan Andiappan, Helen Owen, Paul Reading, Nick Coyle, and Stephen Hunter. "Questionnaires for 360-degree assessment of consultant psychiatrists: Development and psychometric properties." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 2 (August 2008): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041681.
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BackgroundExpert clinical judgement combines technical proficiency with humanistic qualities.AimsTo test the psychometric properties of questionnaires to assess the humanistic qualities of working with colleagues and relating to patients using multisource feedback.MethodAnalysis of self-ratings by 347 consultant psychiatrists and ratings by 4422 colleagues and 6657 patients.ResultsMean effectiveness as rated by self, colleagues and patients, was 4.6, 5.0 and 5.2 respectively (where 1=very low and 6=excellent). The instruments are internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.95). Principal components analysis of the colleague questionnaire yielded seven factors that explain 70.2% of the variance and accord with the domain structure. Colleague and patient ratings correlate with one another (r=0.39, P<0.001) but not with the self-rating. Ratings from 13 colleagues and 25 patients are required to achieve a generalisability coefficient (Eρ2) of 0.75.ConclusionsReliable 360-degree assessment of humane judgement is feasible for psychiatrists who work in large multiprofessional teams and who have large case-loads.
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T. T. Tran, Huyen, Nam P. Ngoc, Cuong T. Pham, Yong Ju Jung, and Truong Cong Thang. "A Subjective Study on User Perception Aspects in Virtual Reality." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163384.
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Three hundred and sixty degree video is becoming more and more popular on the Internet. By using a Head-Mounted Display, 360-degree video can render a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. However, it is still a big challenge to understand Quality of Experience (QoE) of 360-degree video since user experience during watching 360-degree video is a very complex phenomenon. In this paper, we aim to investigate four QoE aspects of 360-degree video, namely, perceptual quality, presence, cybersickness, and acceptability. In addition, four key QoE-affecting factors of encoding parameters, content motion, rendering device, and rendering mode are considered in our study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that covers a large number of factors and QoE aspects of 360-degree video. In this study, a subjective experiment is conducted using 60 video versions generated from three original 360-degree videos. Based on statistical analysis of the obtained results, various findings on the impacts of the factors on the QoE aspects are provided. In particular, regarding the impacts of encoding parameters, it is found that the difference of QoE is negligible between video versions encoded at 4 K and 2.5 K resolutions. Also, it is suggested that 360-degree video should not be encoded at HD resolution or lower when watching in VR mode using Head Mounted Display. In addition, the bitrate for good QoE varies widely across different video contents. With respect to the content motion factor, its impact is statistically significant on the perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. In a comparison of two rendering device sets used in this study, there is no statistically significant difference found for the acceptability and cybersickness. However, the differences of the perceptual quality and presence are indicated to be statistically significant. Regarding the rendering mode, a comparison between VR and non-VR modes is also conducted. Although the non-VR mode always achieves higher perceptual quality scores and higher acceptability rates, more than a half of the viewers prefer the VR mode to the non-VR mode when watching versions encoded at the resolutions of fHD or higher. By contrast, the non-VR mode is preferred at the HD resolution.
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Meng, Li, David G. Metro, and Rita M. Patel. "Evaluating Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Implementing a 360-Degree Evaluation Instrument in an Anesthesiology Residency Program." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00014.1.
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Abstract Objectives To implement a 360-degree resident evaluation instrument on the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) rotation and to determine the reliability, feasibility, and validity of this tool for assessing residents' professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills. Methods Thirteen areas of evaluation were selected to assess the professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills of residents during their PACU rotation. Each area was measured on a 9-point Likert scale (1, unsatisfactory performance, to 9, outstanding performance). Rating forms were distributed to raters after the completion of the PACU rotation. Raters included PACU nurses, secretarial staff, nurse aides, and medical technicians. Residents were aware of the 360-degree assessment and participated voluntarily. The multiple raters' evaluations were then compared with those of the traditional faculty. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the reliability of ratings within each category of raters by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Four hundred twenty-nine rating forms were returned during the study period. Fifteen residents were evaluated. The response rate was 88%. Residents were ranked highest on availability and lowest on management skill. The average rating across all areas was high (8.23). The average mean rating across all items from PACU nurses was higher (8.34) than from secretarial staff (7.99, P > .08). The highest ranked resident ranked high with all raters and the lowest ranked was low with most raters. The intraclass coefficients of correlations were 0.8719, 0.7860, 0.8268, and 0.8575. Conclusions This type of resident assessment tool may be useful for PACU rotations. It appears to correlate with traditional faculty ratings, is feasible to use, and provides formative feedback to residents regarding their professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills.
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Marinov-Serafimov, Plamen. "A preliminary study of soybean genotype responses to glyphosate." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 24, no. 3 (2009): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0903211m.
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The effect of four application rates of glyphosate (Roundup, 360 g a.i./l) - 180; 360; 720 and 1440 g a.i./ha on the survival, dynamics of growth, and accumulation of fresh biomass in g per plant was studied on eight newly-developed Bulgarian lines, varieties and candidate varieties of soybean bred by different methods under greenhouse conditions. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the sensitivities of different soybean genotypes to glyphosate. The studied soybean genotypes showed different levels of glyphosate sensitivity due to their genetic differences. Glyphosate rates of 180, 360, 720 and 1440 g a.i./ha, applied at the stage of three trifoliate leaves (V4) of soybean had effect on the survival of the studied genotypes and can be presented conditionally in the following order: H (40.6%) < G (40.7%) < D (51.3%) < C (52.6%) < F (58.9%) < E (60.5%) < B (62.0%) < A (65.3%). The depression coefficients (B) of the studied characteristics depended mainly on soybean genotypes and the applied herbicide rates. The tested glyphosate rates showed a high (GI 26.5-51.6%) to relatively low degree of toxicity (GI 16.0-18.7%) in the studied soybean genotypes.
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Barmpoutis, Panagiotis, Tania Stathaki, Kosmas Dimitropoulos, and Nikos Grammalidis. "Early Fire Detection Based on Aerial 360-Degree Sensors, Deep Convolution Neural Networks and Exploitation of Fire Dynamic Textures." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193177.
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The environmental challenges the world faces have never been greater or more complex. Global areas that are covered by forests and urban woodlands are threatened by large-scale forest fires that have increased dramatically during the last decades in Europe and worldwide, in terms of both frequency and magnitude. To this end, rapid advances in remote sensing systems including ground-based, unmanned aerial vehicle-based and satellite-based systems have been adopted for effective forest fire surveillance. In this paper, the recently introduced 360-degree sensor cameras are proposed for early fire detection, making it possible to obtain unlimited field of view captures which reduce the number of required sensors and the computational cost and make the systems more efficient. More specifically, once optical 360-degree raw data are obtained using an RGB 360-degree camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle, we convert the equirectangular projection format images to stereographic images. Then, two DeepLab V3+ networks are applied to perform flame and smoke segmentation, respectively. Subsequently, a novel post-validation adaptive method is proposed exploiting the environmental appearance of each test image and reducing the false-positive rates. For evaluating the performance of the proposed system, a dataset, namely the “Fire detection 360-degree dataset”, consisting of 150 unlimited field of view images that contain both synthetic and real fire, was created. Experimental results demonstrate the great potential of the proposed system, which has achieved an F-score fire detection rate equal to 94.6%, hence reducing the number of required sensors. This indicates that the proposed method could significantly contribute to early fire detection.
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R., Hemalatha, and B. S. Shakuntala. "USING MULTIPLE ASSESSORS TO EVALUATE CORE COMPETENCIES OF NURSING STUDENTS: A 360° EVALUATION APPROACH." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 03 (September 2013): 013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703669.
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AbstractTraditional student evaluations have always been by the teaching faculty with less or no input from the nurses, patients, peers or even student's self. The objective of our study was to use 360 degree feedback in the evaluation of core competencies of final year nursing students and compare the ratings of RN, patients, peers and self rating of student. 374 final year students of selected nursing colleges in Bangalore and Tumkur were enrolled for the study. Patients, RN, peers and students themselves completed evaluator-specific evaluations in the first week of clinical period by using a validated 3 point rating scale of 40 items for both the peer and self and 21 and 20 items for the patients and RN respectively. Mean scores were tallied for each domain and for the total scale. Agreement between the raters was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A total of 1496 evaluations were completed for 374 samples. The mean item score ranged from 4.86 to 5.17 across all competency domains. The overall mean rating score for self, peer, client and RN was 43.7(SD 3.16), 43.6 (SD 2.34), 20.6 (SD 1.65) and 20.2 (SD 1.83) respectively. The self and peer ratings of the students were higher than the ratings of RN's and patients. None of the students were at the novice level. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between peer and self evaluation was statistically significant(r=0.28; p at 0.01 level). There was a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between peer and RN evaluation(r=0.11; p at 0.05 level). As different raters rated the students differently there was no significant relationship between self, patient, and RN ratings. This study finds potential value in the use of 360 degree evaluation of nursing students in both the hospital and community settings.
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Langford, Peter H., Cameron B. Dougall, and Louise P. Parkes. "Measuring leader behaviour: evidence for a “big five” model of leadership." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 38, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2015-0103.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for a “leadership big five”, a model of leadership behaviour integrating existing theories of leadership and conceptually aligned with the most established model of personality, the big five. Such a model provides researchers and practitioners with a common language to describe leadership behaviour in a field with a plethora of leadership models. The model also describes a wider range of leadership behaviour than other models of leadership, and presents dimensions that correlate with important organisational outcomes as demonstrated in this study. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,186 employees completed the Voice Leadership 360, a survey designed to measure the leadership big five, collectively rating 193 managers from a range of different sectors and industries, using a 360-degree survey methodology. Findings Confirmatory factor analyses and internal reliability analyses provide evidence for 22 lower-order factors of leadership behaviour that aggregate into five higher-order factors of leadership aligned with the big five personality descriptors. Further evidence for the validity of the model is indicated by significant correlations between 360-degree survey ratings and raters’ judgements of leaders’ personality, and significant correlations between 360-degree survey ratings and both work unit engagement levels and manager reports of work unit performance. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design is the main limitation of the present study, limiting conclusions that changes in leadership behaviours will lead to changes in organisational outcomes. The primary research implications of this study include the support for an integrating model of leadership behaviour that aligns with a large body of psychological research, as well as the development of a survey that can be used for future exploration of the model. Practical implications Practitioners may use the results of the study to rethink how they develop competency frameworks and measure leadership behaviour in organisation development contexts. This broad model of leadership and the familiarity of its dimensions could increase the effectiveness of behaviour change interventions, and the presented survey provides a reliable and valid tool for 360-degree assessments. Originality/value The study provides evidence that leadership can be described in a structurally similar way to human personality. It presents a leadership model that consists of a broader range of leadership behaviours related to organisational outcomes compared with previous models of leadership.
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Sato, Tomoki, Takahiro Kawaji, Akira Hirata, and Takanori Mizoguchi. "360-degree suture trabeculotomy ab interno with phacoemulsification in open-angle glaucoma and coexisting cataract: a pilot study." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (October 2018): e000159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000159.
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ObjectiveWe performed a pilot trial to evaluate the 24-month safety and efficacy of 360-degree suture trabeculotomy ab interno with phacoemulsification used to treat mild to moderate open-angle glaucoma coexisting with cataract.Methods and analysisWe randomly assigned 18 eyes with open-angle glaucoma and coexisting cataract to undergo 360-degree suture trabeculotomy ab interno with phacoemulsification (combined) or phacoemulsification alone (control) (1:1 ratio) and followed up patients for 24 months. Main outcome measures were mean postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and success probabilities based on Kaplan-Meier life table analyses. Surgical success was defined as follows: criterion A: IOP value ≥6 mm Hg and ≤15 mm Hg, with ≥20 % reduction without medication; criterion B: IOP value ≥6 mm Hg and ≤12 mm Hg, with ≥30% reduction without medication. Secondary outcome measures included the number of medications, complications and best-corrected visual acuity.ResultsMean IOP values (number of medications), which were 18.4 mm Hg (0.9) and 17.1 mm Hg (1.3) at baseline, showed significant reductions to 11.8 mm Hg (1.0) and 14.6 mm Hg (1.5) at 24 months postoperatively in the combined and control groups, respectively (p=0.0003 and 0.0192, respectively). Success rates for criterion A in the combined and control groups were 77.8% and 11.1%, respectively (p=0.0110) and those for criterion B in the combined and control groups were 46.7% and 0%, respectively (p=0.0036). Both groups had a similar overall occurrence of postoperative complications.ConclusionUsing 360-degree suture trabeculotomy ab interno with phacoemulsification appeared to be a more beneficial option for mild to moderate open-angle glaucoma with coexisting cataract than phacoemulsification alone.Trial registration numberUMIN000021170, date of registration: 2016/03/01.
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Hensel, Rainer, Frans Meijers, Rien van der Leeden, and Joseph Kessels. "360 degree feedback: how many raters are needed for reliable ratings on the capacity to develop competences, with personal qualities as developmental goals?" International Journal of Human Resource Management 21, no. 15 (December 2010): 2813–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.528664.
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Borovkov, А. I., I. B. Voinov, Y. B. Galerkin, and A. A. Drozdov. "Modeling Results of Gas-Dynamic Characteristics of Low and Medium Flow Rate Model Stages for an Industrial Centrifugal Compressor." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 9 (714) (September 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-9-77-87.
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The paper presents the results of CFD calculations of two model stages with 2D impellers. The results were compared with the experimental characteristics obtained at the LPI Problem Laboratory. The centrifugal stage of the 2D impeller 0028-056-0373 was calculated for three different Mach numbers, with and without the gaps in the labyrinth seals. Calculations for the sector with one blade were performed using the NUMECA software, those for the full 360-degree model — in the ANSYS CFX software package. CFD calculations in all the cases gave an unacceptably high overestimation of the loading factor compared to the experimental data. It was established that the calculated characteristics of the stage efficiency leant towards high flow rates compared to the measured values. A stage of the 2D impeller 0048-048-029 was calculated for one Mach number without taking into account the gap in the labyrinth seals and for the full 360-degree model. A study of semi-empirical parameters and coefficients included in the SST turbulence model implemented in the ANSYS CFX software was carried out. The calculations showed that their choice for solving this class of problems had little effect on the calculation results, thus it was not possible to influence the loading factor.
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Liniņa, Anda, Daiga Kunkulberga, and Antons Ruža. "Influence of Nitrogen Fertiliser on Winter Wheat Wholemeal Rheological Properties/ Slâpekïa Mçslojuma Ietekme Uz Ziemas Kvieðu Pilgraudu Miltu Reoloìiskajâm Îpaðîbâm." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 68, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2014): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2014-0018.
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Abstract The aim of this investigation was to describe the variation of water absorption and mixing properties of wholemeal dough, depending on effects of, different rates of nitrogen (N) application (N60, N90, N120, N150), weather conditions (in 2010 and 2011) and grain storage time (60, 120, and 360 days) for two cultivars of winter wheat (in Triticum aestivum L.). Trials included winter wheat varieties ‘Bussard’ and ‘Zentos’; both cultivars have high bread-making quality. The farinograph water absorption and wholemeal dough mixing characteristics - dough development time, dough stability time, and degree of softening were tested using a Brabender Farinograph (ICC 115/1). Highly significant effect of cultivars and nitrogen fertiliser were detected on the flour water absorption and dough mixing properties. Grains with higher protein content had better wholemeal dough rheological properties. The wholemeal rheological properties in 2010 and 2011 did not differ significantly. Extended grain storage from 60-360 days resulted in: longer dough development and dough stability time, increased degree of softening, and decreased water absorption. ‘Bussard’ wholemeal had higher water absorption, longer stability time (sometimes excellent quality) and shorter degree of softening compared with ‘Zentos’. According to the farinograph curves, wholemeal dough of ‘Bussard’ can be classified as having medium/long development time and long/excellent stability. Farinograph curve shapes of ‘Zentos’ wholemeal dough indicated medium development time and long stability. A very strong a positive correlation was found for protein content between WA and ST.
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MacPherson, Peter, and Julie Emberley. "Evaluating pediatrics residents’ ethics learning needs using multisource interprofessional feedback." Canadian Medical Education Journal 8, no. 4 (December 16, 2017): e86-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36931.
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Background: Ethics education is a required component of pediatric residency training. Limited instructional time requires educators to identify and prioritize learning needs. This is the first study to identify pediatric residents’ ethics learning needs using a multisource (360 degree) assessment. We hypothesized that pediatricians or allied health care professionals would identify unperceived ethics learning needs.Methods: Pediatric residents, pediatricians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and registered nurses (RNs) working at a university children's hospital rated the importance of twelve ethics themes as learning needs for trainees using a Likert-type scale. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between the groups, followed by post-hoc testing.Results: Response rates were 65%, 70%, 57%, and 47% for residents, pediatricians, RTs, and RNs, respectively. Themes were categorized into three priority groupings based on mean importance ratings. Where significant differences existed between residents and other respondent groups, pediatric residents rated the theme as being more important. Conclusion: This study provides an interprofessional assessment of pediatric residents’ perceived ethics learning needs. High priority ethics topics were identified, allowing for targeted teaching. Pediatricians and allied HCPs did not rate any ethics themes higher than residents. Medical educators may consider using methods inspired by multisource feedback for program evaluation.
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TOMIĆ, Kristina. "Temporal Parameters of Spontaneous Speech in Forensic Speaker Identification in Case of Language Mismatch: Serbian as L1 and English as L2." Comparative Legilinguistics 32 (December 6, 2017): 117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.32.5.
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The purpose of the research is to examine the possibility of forensic speaker identification if question and suspect sample are in different languages using temporal parameters (articulation rate, speaking rate, degree of hesitancy, percentage of pauses, average pause duration). The corpus includes 10 female native speakers of Serbian who are proficient in English. The parameters are tested using Bayesian likelihood ratio formula in 40 same-speaker and 360 different-speaker pairs, including estimation of error rates, equal error rates and Overall Likelihood Ratio. One-way ANOVA is performed to determine whether inter-speaker variability is higher than intra- speaker variability across languages. The most successful discriminant is degree of hesitancy with ER of 42.5%/28%, (EER: 33%), followed by average pause duration with ER 35%/45.56%, (EER: 40%). Although the research features a closed-set comparison, which is not very common in forensic reality, the results are still relevant for forensic phoneticians working on criminal cases or as expert witnesses. This study pioneers in forensically comparing Serbian and English as well as in forensically testing temporal parameters on bilingual speakers. Further research should focus on comparing two stress-timed or two syllable-timed languages to test whether they will be more comparable in terms of temporal aspects of speech.
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Haussen, Diogo C., Ashutosh Jadhav, Leticia C. Rebello, Samir Belagaje, Aaron Anderson, Tudor Jovin, Amin Aghaebrahim, et al. "Internal Carotid Artery S-Shaped Curve as a Marker of Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Dissection-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke." Interventional Neurology 5, no. 3-4 (2016): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447978.
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Background and Purpose: Craniocervical fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is associated with dissections and with S-shaped curves in the internal carotid artery (ICA). We evaluated the occurrence of S-curves in patients presenting with acute strokes due to ICA steno-occlusive dissections. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the interventional databases of two academic tertiary-care institutions. The presence of ICA S-shaped curves, C-shaped curves, 360-degree loops, as well as classic FMD and atherosclerotic changes at the ICA bulb and curve/loop was determined. Cases of carotid dissections were compared with a control group (consecutive non-tandem anterior circulation strokes). Results: Twenty-four patients with carotid dissections were compared to 92 controls. Baseline characteristics and procedural variables were similar, with the exception of younger age, less frequent history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and stent retriever use in patients with dissections. The rates of mTICI2b-3 reperfusion, parenchymal hematoma, good outcome and mortality were similar amongst groups. The frequency of S-curves (any side without superimposed atherosclerosis) was 29% in the dissection group versus 7% in controls (p < 0.01). S-curves were typically mirror images within the dissection group (85% had bilateral occurrence). The frequency of C-shaped and 360-degree curves was similar between groups. FMD changes within the craniocervical arteries were statistically more common in dissection patients. Ten patients (41%) of the dissection group had S-curves or classic FMD changes. Multivariate analysis indicated that S-curves were independently associated with the presence of dissections. Conclusion: S-shaped ICA curves are predictably bilateral, highly associated with carotid dissections in patients with moderate to severe strokes, and may suggest an underlying presence of FMD.
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Heath, Julian P., Ming Hsiu Ho, and Lee D. Peachey. "Three-dimensional reconstruction of cell morphology using intermediate voltage electron microscopy and computer graphics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127438.
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The Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopy and Biomedical Image Analysis facility at the University of Pennsylvania is a National Resource supported by NIH and provides users with facilities for transmission electron microscopy and digital image processing. The facility comprises a JEOL 4000EX transmission electron microscope with a 360 degree goniometer specimen holder, a VAX 11/750 computer, and a Raster Technologies Inc. Model One/380 Graphics work station with two high resolution 1280x1024 pixel color video display monitors for stereoscopic display. We are using this facility to examine the morphology of fibroblasts migrating through fibrillar collagen gels: these matrices closely model the environments encountered by migratory cells during embryonic morphogenesis.The identification and three dimensional localization of structures in stereoscopic electron micrographs of thick sections of cells can be hampered by diffuse boundaries and by the superposition of details with similar electron density.
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Heneghan, Miranda, and Robert Chaplin. "Colleague and patient appraisal of consultant psychiatrists and the effects of patient detention on appraisal scores." BJPsych Bulletin 40, no. 4 (August 2016): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.051334.
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Aims and methodThis paper aims to review colleague and patient feedback from the 10-year period of the operation of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' 360-degree appraisal system, specifically: (1) examine the overall distribution of ratings; (2) examine the effect of working primarily with detained patients on patient feedback, represented by forensic psychiatrists; and (3) look for a relationship between colleague and patient ratings.ResultsData were analysed for 977 participating psychiatrists. Both colleagues and patients rated psychiatrists overall with high scores. Less than 1% were identified as low scorers, although there was no relationship between those identified by colleagues or patients. Colleague and patient feedback scores varied little between subspecialties including forensic consultants.Clinical implicationsPsychiatrists in all subspecialties obtained high scores from colleagues and staff. Working with detained patients appeared to have little effect on patient ratings.
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Oh, Chang-Geun. "Pros and Cons of A VR-based Flight Training Simulator; Empirical Evaluations by Student and Instructor Pilots." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641047.
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A medium-fidelity virtual reality (VR) flight simulator was developed to evaluate how aircraft pilots perceived simulated flights in the VR environment compared with conventional mockup-based simulators. In Experiment 1, student and instructor pilots conducted ten repeating flights in the simulator. Three extreme flight conditions were created, and participants rated perceptions of the extreme flights using multiple criteria. In Experiment 2, pilots manipulated G1000 electronic cockpit systems in the simulator during three repeating simulated flights and were asked to rate their perceptions of the manual controls. Participants perceived that the VR simulator was similar to or better than conventional simulators for all given Experiment 1 criteria and found that repetition made the operations easier. However, manipulating electronic cockpit systems was still not considered better than using conventional simulators, even though it became easier by repetition. Participants liked the 360-degree angle of visibility in the VR environment.
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Dawson, Paul, Wesam Al-Jeddawi, and James Rieck. "The Effect of Different Freezing Rates and Long-Term Storage Temperatures on the Stability of Sliced Peaches." International Journal of Food Science 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9178583.
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The purpose of this research was to determine if freezing rates and holding temperatures influence peach quality during short- and long-term frozen storage. Fresh peaches (Prunus persica) were purchased locally, sliced, dipped in 2% ascorbic acid then drained, and packaged. The study was divided into two experiments, one to determine the effect of the freezing rate on peach quality and the second to determine the effect of frozen holding temperatures on peach quality. For the freezing rate experiment, freshly packaged peaches were placed in freezers at different temperatures (-7°C, -12°C, -18°C, -29°C, and -77°C) then removed for testing when the core temperature of the peaches reached the temperature of all freezer temperatures. The second experiment determined the long-term holding effect on quality using both fresh and prefrozen peaches held at -7°C, -12°C, -18°C, -29°C, and -77°C through 360 days. Quality measurements included freeze thaw and weight loss, lightness, firmness, moisture content, ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AAEAC), hexanal detection using gas chromatography (GC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sensory evaluation. During the freezing phase (experiment 1), peach weight loss and surface ice crystal pore size significantly decreased with increased freezing rates. Peaches held at -77°C and -29°C maintained overall quality to a greater degree than the higher holding temperatures. However, all samples enzymatically browned when thawed; therefore, frozen peaches may best if used in the frozen state or in applications where appearance is a critical factor. In general, fresh and prefrozen peaches were not acceptable by the sensory panelists after 270 days of frozen storage.
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Crofton, Emily, Niall Murray, and Cristina Botinestean. "Exploring the Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality Environments on Sensory Perception of Beef Steaks and Chocolate." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061154.
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Virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging as a tool for simulating different eating environments to better understand consumer sensory response to food. This research explored the impact of different environmental contexts on participants’ hedonic ratings of two different food products: beef steaks, and milk chocolate, using VR as the context-enhancing technology. Two separate studies were conducted. For beef, two different contextual conditions were compared: traditional sensory booths and a VR restaurant. For chocolate, data were generated under three different contextual conditions: traditional sensory booths, VR Irish countryside; VR busy city (Dublin, Ireland). All VR experiences were 360-degree video based. Consumer level of engagement in the different contextual settings was also investigated. The results showed that VR had a significant effect on participants’ hedonic responses to the food products. Beef was rated significantly higher in terms of liking for all sensory attributes when consumed in the VR restaurant. While for chocolate, the VR countryside context generated significantly higher hedonic scores for flavour and overall liking in comparison to the sensory booth. Taken together, both studies demonstrate how specific contextual settings can impact participants’ sensory response to food products, when compared to a traditional sensory laboratory condition.
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Hartman, Nathan S., Scott J. Allen, and Rosanna F. Miguel. "An exploration of teaching methods used to develop leaders." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-07-2013-0097.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how educators can benefit from data on teaching methods or sources of learning used for the leader development of undergraduate students. To advance the field, the authors contend that programs for leader development need to clearly identify what area of development is being improved (e.g. conceptual understanding, personal growth, skill building, feedback), intentionally build connections toward those objectives for development, and incorporate experience within the structure of undergraduate education to facilitate better outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Ratings on the teaching methods used by participants with experience facilitating leader development activities for undergraduate students were solicited in an online survey. Each participant (n=66) responded to questions about 25 sources of learning for leader development. Questions asked the degree to which each source of learning provided the learning outcomes of conceptual understanding, feedback, skill building, and/or personal growth to undergraduate students. Findings – Participants perceived small group discussion, and film/television clips to promote conceptual understanding, while internships and 360-degree feedback did so to a lesser degree. Sources of learning perceived to facilitate skill building were group projects, and giving presentations. Conversely, completing case studies and listening to lectures were rated as unlikely to foster personal growth. Originality/value – The results can help educators make a more informed decision about the adoption of teaching methods for leader development. Hopefully, this practice will create standardization in undergraduate leader development that researchers have asked for and serve as a platform for recommending timetables and sources of learning that better define the what and how of leader development. Likewise, these findings benefit industry, because strong parallels to both the content and techniques used in industry and by universities exist.
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Li, Jin, Hao Ren, Baoguo Wang, Dasheng Wu, and Fang Luo. "Multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, blinded-endpoint study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pterygopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency treatment for cluster headache: study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e026608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026608.
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IntroductionSingle-centre reports on small groups of patients have shown that pterygopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency treatment in patients with refractory cluster headache (CH) can quickly relieve pain without significant side effects. However, a randomised controlled trial is still necessary to evaluate whether pterygopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment is a viable treatment option for patients with CH who are not responding to drug treatment.Methods and analysisThis investigation is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, blinded-endpoint study. We will enrol 80 patients with CH who are not responding to medication. The enrolled patients will be randomly divided into two groups: the nerve block (NB) group and the PRF group. All patients will undergo CT-guided pterygopalatine ganglion puncture. A mixture containing steroids and local anaesthetics will be slowly injected into the patients in the NB group. The patients in the PRF group will be treated with PRF at 42°C for 360 s. After treatment, the duration of cluster periods; degree of pain during headache attacks; frequency of headache attacks; duration of each headache attack; dose of auxiliary analgesic drugs; duration of remission; degree of patient satisfaction; effectiveness rates at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure; and intraoperative and postoperative adverse events will be compared between the two groups.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital (approval number: KY 2018-027-02). The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and the findings will be presented at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03567590; Pre-results.
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Mahendraraj, Kuhan A., Maggie V. Shields, Florian Grubhofer, Samuel W. Golenbock, and Andrew Jawa. "Reassessing glenoid inclination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with glenosphere lateralization." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b2.bjj-2020-0843.r1.
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Aims Existing literature indicates that inferiorly inclined glenoid baseplates following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) produce better outcomes compared to superiorly inclined baseplates. We aim to compare clinical outcomes for RSAs with superiorly and neutrally/inferiorly inclined lateralized glenospheres. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 154 consecutive patients undergoing RSA between July 2015 and July 2017 by one single-fellowship trained surgeon (AJ). Two raters (KAM and MVS) independently measured glenoid inclination in preoperative and minimum two year follow-up radiographs (anteroposterior/Grashey) using the RSA angle. Inclination was then compared to patient-reported outcomes, range of motion (ROM), and independently assessed degree of scapular notching and staging of heterotopic ossification at two year follow-up. Results Median postoperative inclination for each group was found to be -3.6° (interquartile range (IQR) -2.1 to -6.9) and 6.0° (3.2° to 10.1°) for the neutrally/inferiorly and superiorly inclined cohorts, respectively. Preoperative inclination was highly associated with postoperative inclination (p = 0.004). When comparing superiorly and neutrally/inferiorly inclined glenospheres, there were no differences in heterotopic ossification (p = 0.606), scapular notching (p = 0.367), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (p = 0.419), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (p = 0.417), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score (p = 0.290), forward elevation (p = 0.161), external rotation (p = 0.537), or internal rotation (p = 0.656). Conclusion Compared to neutral and inferior inclination, up to 6° ± 3° of superior glenoid baseplate inclination on a lateralized RSA design produces no differences in postoperative ROM or patient-reported outcomes, and produces similar levels of scapular notching and heterotopic ossification. Additionally, the degree of preoperative inclination represents an important factor in surgical decision-making as it is strongly associated with postoperative inclination. It is important to note that the findings of this study are only reflective of lateralized RSA prostheses. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):360–365.
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Enns, C., C. Galorport, and R. A. Enns. "A151 ASSESSMENT OF CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY UTILIZING CAPSOCAM PLUS® IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED SMALL BOWEL DISEASE INCLUDING PILOT STUDY WITH REMOTE ACCESS PATIENTS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.150.
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Abstract Background Capsule endoscopy (CE) has been widely utilized for the assessment of patients with known/suspected small bowel disease. The CapsoCam Plus® capsule is unique in that it utilizes four cameras at sequential 90 degree intervals in its mid-section permitting a 360-degree panoramic perspective with a 15+ hour battery life. A panoramic view has been suggested to improve overall visualization of the small bowel (SB) therefore potentially improving diagnostic yield. Unlike other small bowel capsules, it must be retrieved upon excretion (utilizing a magnetic kit) since the images are stored on the device. Aims To assess the use of CapsoCam Plus in patients referred for suspected small bowel disease, including pilot assessments for patients in remote locations. Methods A retrospective chart review (01/16 – 09/19) assessing consecutive capsule procedures utilizing this device was performed. Information acquired included basic demographics, indication, extent of examination, gastric transit time, small bowel transit time, yield, adverse events, capsule retention, recovery rates and recommendations for follow up. A pilot study was also initiated for patients in rural centers to access capsule testing remotely through mail courier without attendance/travel to the primary dispensing site. Results Acquired data included 63 patients receiving CapsoCam Plus®. Indications: 32% obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, 52% iron deficiency anemia, 2% abdominal pain and 6% for IBD. 92% of studies were completed to cecal visualization. Mean gastric and small bowel transit time were 0:48:17 and 3:54:29. 94% were retrieved using retrieval kits provided to patients. 2% retrieved endoscopically from the stomach (retained due to pyloric stenosis), 2% retained in terminal ileum (previously undiagnosed stricture) and 2% not retrieved due to failure of patient to use retrieval kit. 73% of studies were normal SB, 13% contained SB ulceration/erosive disease and 8% did not demonstrate the entire small bowel. Recommendations for follow up included supportive therapy (47%), more aggressive iron supplementation (1%), repeat capsules (19%) and 14% for routine office follow up and discussion. All three capsules mailed to patients in remote communities were completed successfully. Conclusions CapsoCam Plus® had a high retrieval rate of 97% demonstrating that with appropriate patient selection, recovery rates are very high. Only 3% of patients had retained capsules. Most patients in this study had a normal small bowel, however; images and completion rates were adequate to assess small bowel in the vast majority of patients. Success was obtained with mailing this capsule to remote sites sparing the patient travel to the dispensing site. Funding Agencies None
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Ristvey, Andrew, and John Lea-Cox. "372 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers while Overwintering Nursery Stock under Plastic." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 456D—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.456d.
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Nutrient release patterns from several different controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) were studied during the overwintering period of a long-term nutrient uptake, leaching, and loss study of Azalea (Rhododendron) cv. `Karen' and Holly (Ilex cornuta) cv. `China Girl', under sprinkler and drip irrigation. In Maryland, diurnal winter temperatures can vary from ≈10 °C to above 15 °C. Most growers, therefore, cover frames with opaque plastic for cold protection from November through April. This is also the period when many growers apply CRFs on those plant species that take more than 1 year to produce. Few data are presently available on the release patterns of CRFs under variable temperature conditions in late winter/early spring. We hypothesized that substrate temperatures warmer than 15–16 °C will result in CRFs releasing nutrients at a time when root systems are inactive, with a major loss of nutrients with the first few irrigations in Spring. This 105-day study quantified nitrogen (N) and phosphorus release patterns from four brands of CRF (Osmocote, Nutricote, Scotts High N, and Polyon) with 270- and 360-day release rates, under these conditions. Each CRF was top dressed onto blocks of 18-month-old holly or azalea (n = 112) in 11.5-L (3-gal) containers, at a (low) rate of 6.1 g N per container. Ten randomly selected pots from each treatment were sampled every 15 days using two sequential leachings of distilled water, for a target leaching fraction of 25%. Leachates were recovered and analyzed for nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations. Ambient canopy temperatures were recorded continuously with remote temperature (HoBo) sensors from which degree days above 15–16 °C were calculated and correlated with CRF release patterns.
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Webb, Anita R., Richard A. Young, and Joane G. Baumer. "Emotional Intelligence and the ACGME Competencies." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00080.1.
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Abstract Background Residency programs desire assessment tools for teaching and measuring resident attainment of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies, including interpersonal and communication skills. Objective We sought to evaluate the use of emotional intelligence (EI) assessment and training tools in assessing and enhancing interpersonal and communication skills. Methods We used a quasi-experimental design, with an intervention and control group composed of 1 class each of family medicine residents. The intervention was EI coaching. The assessment used the Emotional and Social Competence Inventory, a 360-degree EI survey consisting of self and other (colleague) ratings for 12 EI competencies. Results There were 21 participants in each of the 3 assessments (test, posttest, and control). Our EI coaching intervention had very limited participation due to a lack of protected time for EI coaching and residents' competing obligations. Return rates for self surveys were 86% to 91% and 66% to 68% for others. On all 3 trials, ratings by others were significantly higher than self ratings for every competence (range, P < .001–.045). None of the self ratings by the intervention group increased significantly for any of the competencies. None of the intervention group self ratings increased significantly on posttesting, whereas ratings by others increased significantly for coach/mentor (P < .001). The teamwork rating decreased significantly on both self and other ratings (P < .001). Achievement orientation was the highest intervention group posttest rating, and teamwork was the lowest. Conclusions EI is a necessary skill in today's health care environment, and our study found that a tool from another sector was useful in assessing resident EI skills. Because our EI coaching intervention was unsuccessful, the effects of coaching on interpersonal and communication skills could not be assessed.
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Chaimongkonrojna, Teerapun, and Peter Steane. "Effectiveness of full range leadership development among middle managers." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 9 (September 14, 2015): 1161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-01-2014-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Full Range Leadership Development Program (FR-LDP) of middle managers of a furniture company in Thailand and explore how they experience the leadership development phenomenon. It addresses the fundamental question of how effective leadership behaviors occur and are sustained. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 31 middle managers completed a six-month multi-methods development program of three alternating training sessions and on-the-job practice. A 360-degree feedback survey of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X Short, comprising 284 questionnaires of “leaders” and “raters,” was used to measure the change in effective leadership behaviors and the overall leadership outcome. A sub-sample of 20 participants from these managers was selected for in-depth interviews at the end of the intervention. Semi-structured interviews and critical incident analysis was applied to understand the leadership experience of these managers. Findings – The study revealed that leadership behavior and overall outcome performance had improved over the course of the FR-LDP. The program did contribute positively to individual learning. Sustained effectiveness was not due solely to the development or intervention process, but also on individual objectives and action, together with supervisor interest and support. Research limitations/implications – The study provides a valid, in-depth insight into leadership in Thailand, which has practical application. However, the size of the sample may not be sufficient for broad generalizations in other cultural contexts or environments. Originality/value – The study extends the understanding of how middle managers develop transformational leadership in Thailand. The study contributes to how middle managers learn what they need to know, how they get to know it and factors that influence their practice of transformational leadership in their workplace. The findings provide to organizations options on resources, talent retention and sustaining organizational performance.
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Klepin, Heidi D., Brandy Pitcher, Karla V. Ballman, Gretchen Genevieve Kimmick, Alice B. Kornblith, Harvey Jay Cohen, Arti Hurria, Eric P. Winer, Clifford Hudis, and Hyman Bernard Muss. "Comorbidity, chemotherapy toxicity, and outcomes among older women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6015.
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6015 Background: Comorbidity increases with age. We evaluated how comorbidity was associated with toxicity and clinical outcomes among older women with BC who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 49907) enrolled 633 women ≥65 years with early stage BC and randomized them to standard adjuvant chemotherapy (AC or CMF) or capecitabine (N Eng J Med 360:2055, 2009). 329 women on the Quality of Life companion study completed a pre-treatment health survey (Older American Resources and Services Questionnaire, physical health subscale). The survey evaluates 14 conditions and the degree to which each interferes with daily activities (rated from 1 “not at all” to 3 “a great deal”). Comorbidity was analyzed as follows: 1) total number 2) comorbidity burden score (summed conditions multiplied by interference rating); and 3) individual diseases. Primary outcomes were: 1) grade 3-5 toxicity (incident and cumulative); 2) time to relapse (TTR), and 3) overall survival (OS). Contingency table methods were used to evaluate the association between comorbidity and toxicity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate TTR and survival outcomes. Results: Among 329 women [median age 71 years (range 65-89), 86% white, 98% ECOG performance score 0-1, 75% stage 1-2] the median number of comorbidities was 2 (0-10), median comorbidity burden score was 3 (0-25), and most common conditions were arthritis (58%) and hypertension (54%). Few patients had diabetes (17%), heart disease (16%), and pulmonary disease (9%). No comorbidity measure was associated with toxicity or TTR. With a median follow-up of 5.4 years, increasing comorbidity was associated with shorter OS. For each additional comorbid condition the hazard of death increased by 18% (HR 1.18 [95% CI; 1.06-1.33]) after adjusting for age, tumor size, treatment, node status and receptor status. Comorbidity burden score was similarly associated with OS (HR 1.08 [95% CI; 1.03-1.14]), while no specific condition was independently associated. Conclusions: Among older women with good functional status, comorbidity was not associated with toxicity or BC relapse. However, comorbidity burden was associated with shorter OS.
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Greer, Joseph A., Angela Tramontano, Pamela M. McMahon, Areej El-Jawahri, Ravi Bharat Parikh, Emily R. Gallagher, William F. Pirl, Vicki A. Jackson, Alona Muzikansky, and Jennifer S. Temel. "Cost analysis of a randomized trial of early palliative care (PC) in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.31_suppl.4.
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4 Background: Several randomized, controlled trials have shown that early, integrated palliative and oncology care improves quality of life, mood, and symptom burden in patients with advanced cancers. However, the degree to which early involvement of specialty PC in the ambulatory care setting impacts the cost of care remains unknown. We investigated the health care costs for patients with metastatic NSCLC enrolled in a clinical trial of early PC. Methods: For this secondary analysis, we examined data from a randomized trial of 151 patients with newly-diagnosed metastatic NSCLC from 06/2006 to 07/2009. Patients received either early PC integrated with standard care or standard care (SC) alone. We abstracted costs for emergency and inpatient care, outpatient visits, intravenous chemotherapy, and physician services from the hospital’s accounting system. Oral chemotherapy costs were estimated based on actual drug charges for patients. To estimate hospice costs, we used Medicare reimbursement rates. For each participant, we calculated the average total cost of care per day for the entire study period as well as the total cost of care for the final 30 days prior to death. Costs differences between groups were examined with the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. Results: We analyzed health care costs of the 138 patients who died by 07/15/2013 (early PC N=68; SC N=70). The mean number of days on study was longer for patients assigned to early PC (M=397, SD=360) versus SC (M=299, SD=266). Over the study period, early PC was associated with a lower average total cost per day of $117 (SD=$436) compared to SC (p=.09). In the final 30 days of life, patients in the early PC group incurred higher total costs for hospice care (Mean difference=$1,053, SD=$3,162, p=.11), while expenses for chemotherapy were less (Mean difference=$757, SD=$2,143, p=.06). No cost differences between groups met the threshold for statistical significance. Conclusions: Although this secondary analysis was inconclusive due to the lack of statistical power to examine differences in cost outcomes, the delivery of early PC for patients with metastatic NSCLC does not appear to increase health care expenses over the course of disease or at the end of life. Clinical trial information: NCT01038271.
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Noble, James C., Anthony C. Grice, Melissa J. Dobbie, Warren J. Müller, and Jeff T. Wood. "Integrated shrub management in semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia: effects of chemical defoliants applied after an initial disturbance." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01008.
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Previous fire experiments using artificial fuel have shown that annual fires, especially those applied in the autumn, can effectively control coppicing understorey shrubs in semi-arid woodlands. Such frequent fire is impossible to apply under natural conditions given the limited time available for sufficient herbage fuel to accumulate. Preliminary screening studies were therefore undertaken to test the hypothesis that chemical sprays applied at concentrations less than those normally recommended could be used to mimic high-frequency experimental fires. The effectiveness of 11 chemicals (7 arboricides and 4 dessicants) applied at a range of concentrations was assessed on one site by spot-spraying 5-year-old coppice regeneration of Eremophila mitchellii (budda or false sandalwood) and E. sturtii (turpentine). Chemical activity was assessed by regularly monitoring leaf effect, i.e. by rating the degree of leaf discolouration, scorching, blackening and ultimately leaf fall, over the ensuing 12 months following treatment. Arsenal� and Roundup CT� induced the highest shrub mortalities across all size classes while mortality rates were consistently higher for E. mitchellii than for E. sturtii. A second experiment involved 5 chemicals (4 arboricides and 1 dessicant) applied in a similar manner to 7-year-old seedlings of Cassia nemophila (syn. Senna nemophila) (punty bush). Significant damage to foliage (> 80% leaf effect) of all 3 shrub species was recorded 2 months after treatment with either Roundup CT� or Roundup� (i.e. either 450 or 360 g/L glyphosate respectively), as well as with Arsenal� (250 g/L imazapur + 60 g/L isopropylamine) but only at the highest concentration (i.e. 100% of the 'recommended' rate). In some lower concentration treatments, leaf effect was still increasing 6 months after treatment. In a second series of screening experiments involving 1- and 2-year-old coppices sprayed in autumn and spring, significant interaction occurred between coppice age and season of spraying when averaged over both Eremophila species. At lower concentrations (i.e. 12.5 and 25% of maximum recommended rate), autumn application of Roundup CT� was more effective than spring application, especially once regeneration was 2 years old. Gramoxone� was also most effective at all rates above 12.5% of the maximum when applied in the autumn to two-year-old coppice. However, Garlon� (600 g/L triclopyr) and Tordon 50-DA(r) (50 g/L picloram + 200 g/L 2,4-D) were more effective when applied to 1-year-old coppice in the spring. Overall, the most effective low-concentration treatment was Roundup CT� applied in the autumn to two-year-old coppice. Low-concentration treatment of one-year-old coppice with Roundup CT� and Arsenal� was also consistently more effective when carried out in the autumn (80–90% leaf effect). The probability of shrub mortality was inversely related to coppice biomass with smaller coppices clearly more vulnerable to the added pressure imposed by secondary chemical treatment, independent of application rate.
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Hochhaus, Andreas, Giuseppe Saglio, Charles Chuah, Carolina Pavlovsky, M. Brigid Bradley Garelick, Alexandre Lambert, and Neil Shah. "Dasatinib and Imatinib-Induced Reductions in BCR-ABL Transcript Levels Below 10% At 3 Months Are Associated with Improved Responses in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP): Analysis of Molecular Response Kinetics in the DASISION Trial." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2767.2767.
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Abstract Abstract 2767 Background: In the randomized phase 3 DASISION trial in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed CML-CP, dasatinib showed superior efficacy over imatinib (IM), including higher rates of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) at 24 months, and acceptable tolerability (Hochhaus et al. Haematologica 96: 2011 [Suppl 2; abstract 1011]). Previous studies have shown that molecular response after 3 months of imatinib therapy is predictive for treatment failure and transformation (Hanfstein et al, ASH 2010, abstract 360). Here, an analysis of BCR-ABL kinetics in pts from DASISION after a minimum 24 months of follow-up and a 3-month landmark analysis are presented. Methods: Pts with CML-CP diagnosed within 3 months were randomized to receive dasatinib 100 mg once daily (QD; n=259) or IM 400 mg QD (n=260). Levels of BCR-ABL b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts in peripheral blood were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR by a central independent laboratory (MolecularMD, Portland, OR). For the current analysis, pts with atypical BCR-ABL transcripts were excluded (5 in the dasatinib arm, 3 in the imatinib arm). MMR was defined as a BCR-ABL transcript level of ≤0.1% on the international scale (IS) (≥3-log reduction from the standardized baseline). For PCR negative samples an at least 4.5 log test sensitivity was confirmed. The following events were considered in the progression-free survival (PFS) analysis: increasing WBCs, loss of complete hematologic response or major cytogenetic response, transformation to accelerated/blast phase (AP/BP), or death. Results: In the dasatinib vs imatinib arms, 24-month cumulative response rates were MMR in 65% vs 47%, BCR-ABL ≤0.01% (MR4, ≥4-log reduction) in 29% vs 19%, and BCR-ABL ≤0.0032% (MR4.5, ≥4.5-log reduction) in 17% vs 9%, respectively. The advantage in MMR rates for dasatinib over imatinib was maintained between 12 and 24 months (18–19% difference). Median time to MMR in all pts irrespective of response (calculated by competing risk analysis) was 20 months shorter for dasatinib compared with imatinib (15 vs 35 months). The median BCR-ABL transcript level decreased faster in the dasatinib arm compared with the imatinib arm (Table). By 3 months, 84% vs 64% of evaluable pts in the dasatinib vs imatinib arms, respectively, had achieved a BCR-ABL level ≤10%. Compared with pts who had not achieved this degree of response, a landmark analysis found that pts who had achieved BCR-ABL ≤10% at 3 months had a higher probability of achieving CCyR by 12–18 month and MMR by 18–24 months, a higher probability of 24-month PFS, and a lower probability of transformation to AP/BP, both in the dasatinib and imatinib arms (Table). Probabilities of subsequent CCyR and MMR among pts who had a BCR-ABL level ≤10% at 3 months showed a higher trend in dasatinib-treated pts compared with imatinib-treated pts. Conclusions: In pts with newly diagnosed CML-CP, first-line dasatinib results in faster and deeper molecular responses compared imatinib. For pts treated with either dasatinib or imatinib, BCR-ABL reduction to ≤10% at 3 months is associated with increased likelihood of achieving CCyR by 12 months and MMR by 24 months, decreased progression to AP/BP, and increased PFS at 24 months. Disclosures: Hochhaus: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding. Saglio:Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfeizer: Consultancy. Chuah:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Pavlovsky:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Bradley Garelick:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Lambert:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment. Shah:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Mbada (PhD PT), Chidozie Emmanuel, Aanuoluwapo Deborah Afolabi (MSc PT), Olubusola Esther Johnson (PhD PT), Adesola Christianah Odole (PhD PT), Taofik Oluwasegun Afolabi (MSc PT), Odunayo Theresa Akinola (PhD PT), and Moses Oluwatosin Makindes (BMR PT). "Comparison of STarT Back Screening Tool and Simmonds Physical Performance Based Test Battery in Prediction of Disability Risks Among Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain." Rehabilitacja Medyczna 22, no. 4 (March 8, 2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0856.
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Objectives This study identified disability sub-groups of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) using the Subgroup for Targeted Treatment (or STarT) Back Screening Tool (SBST) and Simmonds Physical Performance Tests Battery (SPPTB). In addition, the study investigated the divergent validity of SBST, and compared the predictive validity of SBST and SPPTB among the patients with the aim to enhance quick and accurate prediction of disability risks among patients with chronic LBP. Methods This exploratory cross-sectional study involved 70 (52.0% female and 47.1% male) consenting patients with chronic non-specific LBP attending out-patient physiotherapy and Orthopedic Clinics at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Disability risk subgrouping and prediction were carried out using the SBST and SPPTB (comprising six functional tasks of repeated trunk flexion, sit-to-stand, 360-degree rollover, Sorenson fatigue test, unloaded reach test, and 50 foot walk test). Pain intensity was assessed using the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale. Data on age, sex, height, weight and BMI were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data at p<0.05 Alpha level. Results The mean age, weight, height and body mass index of the participants were 51.4 ±8.78 years, 1.61 ±0.76 m and 26.6 ±3.18 kg/m2 respectively. The mean pain intensity and duration were 5.37 ±1.37 and 21.2 ±6.68 respectively. The divergent validity of SBST with percentage overall pain intensity was r = 0.732; p = 0.001. Under SBST sub-grouping the majority of participants were rated as having medium disability risk (76%), whilst SPPTB sub-grouped the majority as having high disability risk (71.4%). There was a significant difference in disability risk subgrouping between SBST and SPPTB (χ²=12.334; p=0.015). SBST had no floor and ceiling effects, as less than 15% of the participants reached the lowest (2.9%) or highest (1.4%) possible score. Conversely, SPPBT showed both floor and ceiling effects, as it was unable to detect ‘1’ and ‘9’, the lowest and highest obtainable scores. The ‘Area Under Curve’ for sensitivity (0.83) and specificity (0.23) of the SBST to predict ‘high-disability risk’ was 0.51. The estimated prevalence for ‘high-disability risk’ prediction of SBST was 0.76. The estimate for true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative for prediction of ‘high-disability risk’ for SBST were 0.77, 0.23, 0.31, and 0.69 respectively. Conclusion The Start Back Screening Tool is able to identify the proportion of patients with low back pain with moderate disability risks, while the Simmonds Physical Performance Tests Battery is better able to identify high disability risks. Thus, SBST as a self-report measure may not adequately substitute physical performance assessment based disability risks prediction. However, SBST has good divergent predictive validity with pain intensity. In contrast to SPBBT, SBST exhibited no floor or ceiling effects in our tests, and demonstrated high sensitivity but low specificity in predicting ‘high-disability risk’.
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Vuong, Brian, Nicole Segovia, Sahej Randhawa, Sunny Trivedi, Emily Tran, Vincent Gnad, Kevin Shea, and Anthony Chen. "Growth of The Pediatric Knee Meniscus: A Cadaveric Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00445.
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Objectives: The menisci of the knee (Figure 1) play a critical role in maintaining structural integrity, as well as in load bearing and shock absorption. In adolescent patients, meniscal tear is a very common sports injury, and is frequently associated with concomitant traumatic injuries including tibial eminence fracture or ACL tear. Depending on the severity of meniscal tear, surgical treatment options include arthroscopic partial or total meniscectomy, with a reported 78-88% success rate. Given the high incidence of pediatric meniscal injuries and reliance on landmarks to guide arthroscopic meniscus repair, surprisingly few human pediatric cadaveric studies are reported in the current literature. The primary purpose of our research was to evaluate the rates at which different zones of the meniscus rim lengthen with age during early adolescence. Our null hypothesis was that meniscus rim length is unrelated to patient age, tibial plateau width, or to lateral-medial meniscus width. Methods: From images of 29 dissected cadaveric knee specimens between 1 month and 132 months of age obtained on a copy stand (14 left knee, 15 right knee), we made direct length measurements from the inner to outer meniscus rim at 45 degree intervals (12, 1:30/10:30, 3:00/9:00, 4:30/7:30 o’clock, 6 o’clock) using Autodesk Fusion 360 software (Figure 2). We also measured width between the outer medial and lateral meniscus rims, as well as CT measurements of coronal and sagittal width of the tibial plateau using OsiriX DICOM software. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations of meniscal length measurements with age, tibial width, and meniscal width measurements. All statistical analyses were completed with a two-sided level of significance of 0.05. Results: All meniscal length measurements were predicted to increase significantly as age increases (p < 0.01 for all), as coronal tibial width increases (p < 0.05 for all), and as lateral-medial meniscal width increases (p < 0.001 for all). Other than the lateral 3 o’clock measurement (p = 0.119), all meniscal length measurements were predicted to increase significantly as sagittal tibial width increases (p < 0.05 for the rest). Interestingly, the posterior zones of the medial meniscus (6 o’clock and 4:30/7:30 o’clock) were found to increase in length at a faster rate than the anterior zones (Figure 3), which supports our hypothesis that increased weight bearing is correlated with meniscus growth. The same length correlation was not identified in the lateral meniscus. Furthermore, the anterior zones of the medial meniscus (12 o’clock and 1:30/10:30 o’clock) were found to have the slowest rate of growth, presumably due to reduced weight bearing function anteriorly. Conclusions: We reject our null hypothesis that meniscus rim length is unrelated to age, tibial plateau width, or to lateral-medial meniscus width. Surprisingly, the posterior zones of the medial meniscus were found to grow at a faster rate with age compared to the anterior zones, which we attribute to the effect of increased weight bearing experienced by the posterior zones during knee bending exercise. Additionally, the anterior, lesser-weight bearing regions of the medial meniscus were found to develop at the slowest rate out of all zones measured. Further studies are underway to generalize these observations to all adolescent patients. This information will be useful for meniscus repair and transplantation surgical planning.
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Robinson, Richard. "Gaining and sustaining ‘hospitable’ employment for disability youth." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 2 (October 24, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i2.40.
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As the hospitality industry globally suffers persistent skills shortages, organisations are increasingly looking to non-traditional labour markets to fill vacancies. Indeed, hospitality has a long tradition of employing from society’s margins [1]. Research has shown hospitality firms are more likely than other industries to hire people experiencing disability [2]. Therefore, hospitality has the need, the tradition and the capacity to implement and support lasting change in the employment of disability youth.
The Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which is overhauling the sector and transforming the way persons experiencing disability access services, is modelled on research demonstrating the broader economic benefits of greater inclusive workforce participation [3]. The scheme is also consistent with the fact that employment is the key to exits from disadvantage for most people of working age [4]. Yet Australia ranks 21st out of 29 OECD nations in disability employment rates [5]. These poor rates of providing inclusive employment are often levelled at firms’ unwillingness to hire applicants with a disability [6].
In late 2016, a disability services provider (DSP) and a registered charity partnered in a mobile coffee cart social enterprise to create open employment pathways for a group of disability youth previously employed in the ‘sheltered workshop’ model. A 360-degree ethnography combining interview and observational methods [7] was designed to investigate the holistic experiences of the youth and to gain insights into the levers and barriers regarding open employment. The agency/structure dualism framed the study, as it is recognised that agency is in itself not sufficient when its expression is constrained by an individual’s social deficits and the legacies of their entrenched disadvantage [8]. In all, five ‘baristas’ experiencing disability (across 10 interviews), 11 co-workers/managers from the DSP and the charity, and 21 customers comprised the sample.
Previous research has identified industry’s reticence to employ people with disability as a key barrier, despite ability and willingness to work [5]. This study, however, identified a complex range of structural factors inhibiting the agency of disability youth to self-determine towards open employment. These included a history of poor experiences in institutional settings (e.g. schooling and sporting), the safety and security of sheltered workshops, parental oversight and the staffing requirements of DSP social enterprises. Surprising individual-level factors were also manifest, including the inability to responsibly manage new- found workplace independence and an absence of extrinsic motivators to work – given that the disability youth enjoyed financial security regardless of earnings.
This research challenges the conventional wisdom that organisations alone need to revisit their willingness, capacity and preparedness for providing accessible employment, and rather suggests that deep-seated structural factors, and their impacts on youth, require concomitant attention.
Corresponding author
Richard Robinson can be contacted at: richard.robinson@uq.edu.au
References
(1) Baum, T. Human Resources in Tourism: Still Waiting for Change? A 2015 Reprise. Tourism Management 2015, 50, 204–212.
(2) Houtenville, A.; Kalargyrou, V. Employers’ Perspectives about Employing People with Disabilities. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 2014, 56(2), 168–179.
(3) Deloitte Access Economics. The Economic Benefits of Increasing Employment for People with Disability; Australian Network on Disability: Sydney, Australia, 2011.
(4) McLachlan, R.; Gilfillan, G.; Gordon, J. Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia; Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper: Canberra, Australia, 2013.
(5) Darcy, S.A.; Taylor, T.; Green, J. 'But I Can Do the Job': Examining Disability Employment Practice through Human Rights Complaint Cases. Disability and Society 2016, 31(9), 1242–1274.
(6) Lysaght, R.; Cobigo, V.; Hamilton, K. Inclusion as a Focus of Employment-Related Research in Intellectual Disability from 2000 to 2010: A Scoping Review. Disability and Rehabilitation 2012, 34(16), 1339–1350.
(7) Sandiford, P. Participant Observation as Ethnography or Ethnography as Participant Observation in Organizational Research. In The Palgrave Handbook of Research Design in Business and Management; Strand K. (Ed.); Palgrave Macmillan: London, 2015; pp 411–446.
(8) Graham, J.; Shier, M.; Eisenstat, M. Young Adult Social Networks and Labour Market Attachment. Journal of Social Policy 2015, 44(4), 769–786.
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Redeker, I., S. Moustakis, S. Tsiami, X. Baraliakos, I. Andreica, B. Buehring, J. Braun, and U. Kiltz. "AB0823 TREATMENT WITH ADALIMUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: A STUDY OF TREATMENT TRAJECTORIES ON A PATIENT LEVEL IN CLINICAL PRACTICE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1435.2–1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1838.
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Background:There is evidence that drug retention rates to adalimumab (ADA) in patients (pts.) with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) are impaired by loss of efficacy and adverse events, and that about 50% of users had discontinued ADA within 5 years (1). With the introduction of ADA biosimilars in October 2018, non-medical switching from originator to ADA biosimilars is now increasingly part of daily practice in rheumatologic care.Objectives:The aim was to study treatment trajectories over two years in pts. with CIRD receiving originator ADA.Methods:Pts. with CIRD on originator ADA who switched to ADA biosimilar from October 2018 onwards were identified and followed until 2020. Disease activity (ASDAS), physical function (HAQ, BASFI), and changes in treatment were documented every 3 months. The four predefined treatment trajectories “continued ADA biosimilar therapy”, “back-switch to originator ADA therapy”, “switch to other biological (b) disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy”, and “stopped bDMARD therapy /death /drop out” were used to compare characteristics of pts. with different trajectories.Results:A total of 111 CIRD pts. on treatment with originator ADA were switched to ADA biosimilar (Table 1). The majority of pts. 75 continued therapy with ADA biosimilar (Figure 1 next page) while 16% switched back to originator ADA, 7% switched to a different bDMARD, and 9% either stopped treatment (n=9) or died (n=1). Pts. who continued ADA biosimilar were more frequently male, older or with a longer disease duration than those who switched therapy back to originator ADA and those who switched to a different bDMARD (Table 1). The previous duration on originator ADA treatment was increased in patients who continued ADA biosimilar compared to those who switched therapy back to originator ADA and those who switched to a different bDMARD. There was more functional impairment (HAQ, BASFI) and higher disease activity (ASDAS) in pts. who switched compared to those who continued ADA biosimilar therapy (Table 1). Treatment with csDMARDs and glucocorticoids was increased in pts. who continued ADA biosimilar therapy, while pts. who switched therapy had more previous bDMARD therapies (Table 1).Table 1.Characteristics of patients at baseline for the entire group and stratified by treatment trajectoryTotal groupN=111 (100%)Treatment trajectorycontinued ADA biosimilar therapyN=75 (67.6%)back-switch to originator ADA therapyN=18 (16.2%)switch to different bDMARD therapyN=8 (7.2%)no bDMARD therapy /death /drop outN=10 (9.0%)Age, y51.2 (14.5)51.5 (13.6)50.6 (16.8)43.5 (9.5)56.4 (19.0)Women, No. (%)46 (41.4)27 (36.0)9 (50.0)6 (75.0)4 (40.0)RA23 (20.7)17 (22.7)2 (11.1)1 (12.5)3 (30.0)axSpA68 (61.3)47 (62.7)11 (61.1)6 (75.0)4 (40.0)PsA15 (13.5)7 (9.3)4 (22.2)1 (12.5)3 (30.0)Other diagnoses5 (4.5)4 (5.3)1 (5.6)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)Disease duration, median (IQR), y5.0 (2.0-8.0)5.0 (2.0-9.0)3.5 (2.0-6.0)2.0 (1.0-5.5)4.5 (2.0-8.0)Duration previous originator ADA therapy40.7 (27.7)45.3 (27.8)35.0 (25.2)20.3 (24.7)32.3 (25.1)DAS283.0 (1.0)2.9 (1.0)3.4 (1.0)-3.3 (1.2)CRP, median (IQR), mg/L0.2 (0.1-0.3)0.1 (0.1-0.2)0.2 (0.0-0.5)0.2 (0.2-1.3)0.3 (0.2-0.4)HAQ score1.3 (0.8)1.1 (0.7)1.7 (0.8)-1.8 (1.0)ASDAS2.2 (1.1)2.0 (1.0)3.0 (1.2)2.7 (0.9)2.3 (0.2)BASFI3.5 (2.6)3.0 (2.5)5.4 (2.4)3.4 (1.6)5.4 (1.6)+values are given as mean (SD)Conclusion:Two thirds of pts. who switched to ADA biosimilar remained on this therapy for 2 years. As many as 16% of pts. switched back to ADA originator. Whether or to what degree this was influenced by nocebo effects needs further study. The same is true for the effect of functional impairment – it would be interesting to know whether this was due to inflammation or structural damage.References:[1]Neovius M et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:354-360[2]The study was funded by Hexal Germany.Figure 1.Treatment trajectories of ADA therapy in patients with CIRD during two years ADA: adalimumab; bDMARD: biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Smith, B. Douglas, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Gail J. Roboz, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Aude Charbonnier, Andrea Viquiera, Eric Leip, et al. "Efficacy of Bosutinib in Imatinib-Resistant Vs Dasatinib/Nilotinib-Resistant Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results from the Phase 4 BYOND Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122230.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) bosutinib is approved for patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant/intolerant to prior therapy and newly diagnosed patients in chronic phase (CP). Methods: The ongoing phase 4 BYOND study (NCT02228382) is further evaluating the efficacy and safety of bosutinib for CML resistant/intolerant to prior TKIs. Patients were administered bosutinib at a starting dose of 500 mg once daily (QD). Primary results were previously reported. Here, we report the efficacy of bosutinib 500 mg QD in patients with Ph+ CP CML and resistance to imatinib (but not to nilotinib or dasatinib) vs patients with resistance to ≥1 second-generation TKI (dasatinib and/or nilotinib), as well as in patients with intolerance to all prior TKIs. Data are reported at ≥1 year after last enrolled patient; 85% of patients had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Results: Of 163 patients who received bosutinib, 156 had Ph+ CP CML: 52 had resistance only to imatinib, 31 had resistance to dasatinib/nilotinib, and 73 were intolerant to all prior TKIs. Corresponding median treatment duration (range) was 24.1 (0.2-42.2), 8.9 (0.9-41.6), and 25.3 (0.4-41.9) months, and median dose intensity (range) was 360 (125-500), 431 (195-561) and 292 (80-500) mg/day. In all, 69.2%, 41.9%, and 53.4% of imatinib-resistant, dasatinib/nilotinib-resistant, and TKI-intolerant patients, respectively, were still receiving treatment as of the data cutoff date. The main reason for discontinuation was adverse events (AEs), with 10 (19.2%), 8 (25.8%), and 21 (28.8%) imatinib-resistant, dasatinib/nilotinib-resistant, and TKI-intolerant patients, respectively, discontinuing due to AEs. Corresponding discontinuations due to insufficient response occurred in 2 (3.8%), 5 (16.1%), and 1 (1.4%) patients. No patient experienced on-treatment transformation to advanced phase CML or discontinued treatment due to disease progression. In the evaluable cytogenetic population, cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rates were 85.4%, 69.0%, and 88.1% in imatinib-resistant, dasatinib/nilotinib-resistant, and TKI-intolerant patients, respectively (Table). The majority of patients, across all cohorts, achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). In the evaluable molecular population, cumulative major molecular response (MMR) rates were 72.3%, 44.8%, and 82.2% in imatinib-resistant, dasatinib/nilotinib-resistant, and TKI-intolerant patients, respectively; the 50th percentile of the cumulative incidence curve was 5.66 months, not reached and 3.22 months, respectively. Correspondingly, 59.6%, 24.1%, and 68.5% achieved molecular response (MR)4, and 48.9%, 17.2%, and 56.2% achieved MR4.5. In imatinib-resistant, dasatinib/nilotinib-resistant, and TKI-intolerant patients, respectively, Kaplan-Meier estimated overall survival rates (95% confidence interval) were 96.1% (85.2-99.0), 100% (100-100), and 98.6% (90.5-99.8) at 1 year, and 96.1% (85.2-99.0), 92.6% (73.4-98.1), and 97.2% (89.2-99.3) at 2 years with 4, 3, and 3 deaths occurring on study. Conclusions: Cytogenetic and molecular responses were seen in a high proportion of patients with Ph+ CP CML and TKI-resistance or TKI-intolerance. Response rates were similar between patients with resistance to imatinib and patients who were intolerant to all prior TKIs. Although to a lesser degree, responses were also seen in patients with resistance to second-generation TKIs, including patients achieving MR despite the shorter treatment duration. These results further support bosutinib use for patients with Ph+ CP CML and resistance/intolerance to prior TKIs. Disclosures Smith: Agios: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Jazz: Consultancy. Brümmendorf:Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen: Employment; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Roboz:AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinium: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celltrion: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eisai: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MEI Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Orsenix: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Otsuka: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sandoz: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Argenx: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amphivena: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Trovagene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gambacorti-Passerini:Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Consultancy; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding. Charbonnier:Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Incyte: Speakers Bureau. Viquiera:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Leip:Pfizer: Employment, Equity Ownership. Giles:Novartis: Consultancy; Epigene Therapeutics Inc: Consultancy, Other: leadership, stock/other ownership ; Actuate Therapeutics Inc: Employment. Ernst:Novartis: Research Funding. Hochhaus:Incyte: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Rosti:BMS: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.