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OKAZAKI, Masakazu, Ayaka METOKI, and Rajivgandihi Subramanian. "OS0609-371 Characteristics of Early Stage Creep Crack Growth around Cold Spots." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2015 (2015): _OS0609–37—_OS0609–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2015._os0609-37.
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Hashimoto, H., and J. Pullen. "Two Unpublished Letters of Malthus, with Notes on the Connections between Malthus and William Smith, MP." History of Political Economy 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-37-2-371.
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SALMON, CHRISTINE. "Reviews." Notes and Queries 37, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/37-3-371.
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Fuson, G. B., H. L. Presley, and H. J. Phaff. "Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Sequence Relatedness among Members of the Yeast Genus Kluyveromyces." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 37, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-37-4-371.
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Herrera Lozano, Jennifer Stefania, and Bertha Musi Lechuga. "Evaluación de un programa piloto para desarrollar la conducta prosocial en niños de edad escolar." Revista Digital Internacional de Psicología y Ciencia Social 6, no. 2 (July 2020): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22402/j.rdipycs.unam.6.2.2020.270.355-371.
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El presente estudio fue un pilotaje para la adaptación del programa JUEGO, con el propósito de incrementar la conducta prosocial de los niños participantes por medio de juegos cooperativos. Se desarrolló con 37 niños con edades comprendidas entre los ocho y 10 años, mediante un diseño cuasiexperimental pre-post de un solo grupo, muestreo por conveniencia con variables cuantitativas y cualitativas. Entre los resultados se destaca que hubo un incremento reportado por los niños en la conducta prosocial y una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la conducta agresiva p= 0.024 y en la pelea p= 0.018. Se concluye que es posible incrementar la conducta prosocial y disminuir las conductas agresivas que inciden en el acoso escolar con la implementación del programa basado en juegos cooperativos.
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Chung-Delgado, Kocfa, and Laura Navarro Huaman. "El valor económico de la vacuna contra dengue: un estudio de valoración contingente." Gerencia y Políticas de Salud 18, no. 37 (November 7, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.rgps18-37.vevc.
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El dengue ha presentado rápido crecimiento a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) para valorar económicamente el acceso a una vacuna contra dengue y sus factores asociados. Se ejecutó un estudio de valoración contingente de tipo trasversal, que evaluó la DAP y factores asociados en la población de Piura, Perú. Se empleó un cuestionario heteroaplicado de formato binario-dicotómico doble de elección discreta, en modalidad de entrevista personal. Se incluyeron 371 individuos en el análisis. La mediana de DAP máxima fue S/. 210 (Nuevo Sol Peruano, PEN). Las variables asociadas a una compra de la vacuna fueron ser profesional de salud, educación superior y antecedente personal y familiar de dengue. La definición del precio es un elemento clave para el desarrollo y parametrización de este nuevo mercado. Autoridades sanitarias deben tomar en consideración la evidencia económica disponible para diseñar intervenciones sostenibles para esta nueva tecnología.
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ESPI, A., J. M. PRIETO, M. FERNANDEZ, and M. ALVAREZ. "Serological prevalence to six leptospiral serovars in cattle in Asturias (Northern Spain)." Epidemiology and Infection 124, no. 3 (June 2000): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899003969.
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The prevalence of antibody to six serovars of Leptospira interrogans in cattle in Asturias (Northern Spain) was determined by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Using 50% agglutination or lysis at a dilution of 1[ratio ]10 or more as the criteria for seropositivity, 371 of 3578 (10·36%) animals were found to react with one serovar. The most commonly detected serovars were pomona (5·59%) and grippotyphosa (2·37%), whilst serovar hardjo (0·75%), icterohaemorrhagiae (0·64%), poi (0·64%) and autumnalis (0·36%) were found at lower frequencies.
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Beams, Daniel, Arthur Murphy, and Hunter Young. "Can-Running in Huaco." Practicing Anthropology 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.11.1.n3785g261384x888.
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From our study of can-runners we feel that it is possible to draw some broad conclusions about the rise of homelessness and marginal workers in the U.S. and other advanced capitalistic societies. In an article in Commonweal (111:368-371, 1984), Hope and Young have proposed that there are four major causes of homelessness. The first factor is unemployment. Even though the jobless rate was higher in 1975 (8.5 percent) than it is today (approximately 6.0 percent), it is still a factor. In 1975, 78 percent of the jobless received unemployment compensation. In March 1984 only 37 percent of unemployed received compensation. Second, social benefits are inadequate, as illustrated by the recent drop in unemployment compensation.
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Winters, Brian, Navonil De Sarkar, Sonali Arora, Hamid Bolouri, Funda Vakar-Lopez, MD, Heather H. Cheng, Evan Y. Yu, et al. "Distinct genomic hallmarks exist between metastatic upper and lower tract urothelial carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.371.
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371 Background: Although the genomic landscape of LTUC is well studied, less is known about UTUC, including in the metastatic sites. We compared genomic features of metastatic UTUC and LTUC. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing on 7 rapid autopsy patients with metastatic UC, with matched primary and metastatic tumor samples (N = 37). Single nucleotide variants (SNV) were identified using Mutect and Strelka. Focused analyses were performed on mutations with known significance in UC as well as mutations predicted to have functional impact using 11 mutation assessors. Genome scale copy number aberrations (CNA) were estimated using Sequenza (normalized for ploidy) to derive gene definition restricted copy number estimation outcomes. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) was used to visualize how copy number and mutation-derived genomic distances differed between LTUC and UTUC. Results: Three pts with UTUC (3 primary samples, 13 metastases) and four pts with LTUC (4 primary samples, 17 metastases) were examined. The majority of patients were male (5) and received cisplatin-based therapy (5). We found that SNV burden (mean mutation per megabase) was significantly higher in LTUC vs. UTUC overall (6.6 vs. 3.8, p = 0.001) and when stratified by primaries (6.1 vs. 2.9, p = 0.047); or metastases (6.7 vs. 4.1, p = 0.001). Mutational signature analysis revealed higher proportion of APOBEC signature in all LTUC vs. UTUC tumors. Both inter- and intra-individual genomic distances between primary and metastatic tissues were substantially larger in UTUC than LTUC, suggesting a wider spectrum of mutations at the level of individual nucleotides and chromosomal structure. Interestingly, Gene definition-restricted CNA analysis revealed MDM2 amplification exclusively in UTUC tumors which was associated with shallow p53 deletion. Conclusions: Metastatic UTUC appears to have a lower overall mutational burden but greater genomic variability compared to LTUC. Our relatively small dataset suggests that metastatic UTUC displays a greater spectrum of mutational divergence from LTUC which may partially explain differences in clinical behavior.
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Pal, Sumanta K., Julia Andrea Elvin, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Jean H. Hoffman-Censits, Jo-Anne Vergilio, James Suh, Badar Mian, et al. "Comprehensive genomic profiling of urothelial carcinoma of the kidney and ureter: Comparison with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and impact on potential for targeted therapy selection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.371.
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371 Background: Urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract (UTUC) has distinct clinical and pathologic features from UC of the bladder (UCB). We compared the comprehensive genomic profile (CGP) of UTUC with UCB. Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections from 195 consecutive cases of relapsed/metastatic UTUC and 295 cases of UCB. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 627X for up to 315 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Genomic alterations (GA) included base substitutions (SUB), insertions/deletions (INDELs), copy number alterations (CNA) and fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant GA (CRGA) were defined as GA linked to drugs on the market or under evaluation in mechanism driven clinical trials. Results: The median age of the UTUC patients was 65.7 years (range, 35-86); 74 (38%) were female and 121 (62%) were male. There were 174 (89%) kidney and 21 (11%) ureteral UTUCs assessed. In total, 51 (26%) and 138 (71%) were stage III and IV, respectively, at the time of CGP. Samples for sequencing were obtained from primary tumor in 157 (81%) cases and from metastatic sites in 38 (19%) cases. There were 1,243 total GA (6.4 GA/sample) involving 203 individual genes and 384 CRGA (1.97 CRGA/sample) involving 51 genes. The most frequent GA were non-CRGA mutations in TP53 (46%), CDKN2A (43%) and CDKN2B (36%). The most frequent CRGA were in FGFR3 (28%), PIK3CA (15%) and CCND1 (12%). In comparison with UCB, statistically equivalent CRGA in FGFR3 (28% vs 21%), PIK3CA (15% vs 20%) and total ERBB2 (11% vs 16%) were identified. Of the 14 UTUC with ERBB2 non-amplification alterations, 6 (43%) featured a micropapillary growth pattern virtually identical to the frequency in UCB (40%). Conclusions: CGP of UTUC uncovers a wide variety of CRGA that can respond to targeted therapy including frequent CRGA in FGFR3, PIK3CA and ERBB2. CRGA in UTUC are generally similar to those found in UCB. Further study of targeted therapy for genomically characterized cases in a clinical trial setting for UTUC appears warranted.
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Qiao, Yujia (Susanna), Theresa Gmelin, Robert M. Boudreau, Stacy L. Andersen, Stephanie Cosentino, Kaare Christensen, Mary K. Wojczynski, and Nancy W. Glynn. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ATTENUATES AGE DIFFERENCES IN CHANGE IN PERCEIVED PHYSICAL FATIGABILITY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S909—S910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3319.
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Abstract Lower physical activity is cross-sectionally associated with greater fatigability; whether such a relationship holds for longitudinal changes in fatigability is under-studied. We examined this question in offspring (≥60 years, range 60-93y, 99.7% white; 53.2% female) enrolled in the Long Life Family Study, a two-generation cohort enriched for exceptional longevity and their spousal controls. At Visit 2 (2014-2017), we measured self-reported physical activity (PA) with the Framingham Physical Activity Index (dichotomized by median value: less active <37 MET-hrs/wk and more active ≥37 MET-hrs/wk). Perceived physical fatigability was assessed using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50) at Visit 2 and repeated during a follow-up contact 2.7±0.92 years later. We constructed a repeated-measures linear mixed-effect model to examine the effect of PA on longitudinal change in PFS by median age (younger <70y; older ≥70y) adjusted for family structure, field center, follow-up time, sex, and self-rated health. We found a strong dose-response relationship of PFS scores across the four age/PA groups (ptrend<0.001). Specifically, older/less active (N=310) participants had the highest annual PFS increases of 0.37 points/yr (p<0.001) while those older/more active (N=340) had annual increases of 0.17 points/yr (p=0.03). Younger/less active (N=371) participants had annual PFS increases of 0.09 points/yr (p=0.008); those younger/more active (N=341) had annual decreases (improvement) of 0.18 points/yr (p<0.001). Although annual PFS changes were modest, our findings indicate physical activity attenuated age differences in these trajectories. Physical activity is emerging as a potential target for intervention aimed at reducing fatigability - an important risk factor in the disability pathway.
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Hassan, Dina M., Lamiaa A. Madkour, and Walaa A. Abuelhamd. "Epidemiology of Neonatal Septicemia in the Era of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Bacteria: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Referral Hospital." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 2189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.60.
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A surge of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producers is being witnessed in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze both the bacteriological profile and clinical outcome of neonatal septicemia, and to identify the prevalence and sensitivity of the incriminated pathogens with emphasis on ESBL producers. We conducted this study in the NICU of a tertiary referral hospital over a one-year-period. All neonates with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis (371 participants) were enrolled. Blood cultures were performed, and subsequent cultures of various specimens were done according to clinical suspicion. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out and the neonates were followed up until discharge. Out of the 371 neonates, 137 (37%) had positive blood culture results, of whom 49% died versus only 7.7% of neonates with a negative blood culture (P-value< 0.0001). Low birth weight, prematurity, and the duration of hospital stay were considered as positive blood culture risk factors. Meanwhile, among 85 cultures that yielded Gram-negative pathogens, 16 isolates were identified as ESBL producers with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequently encountered isolate (19.7%). Of the neonates inflicted with ESBL-sepsis, 62.5% died versus 11.6% with non-ESBL sepsis. Judicious antibiotic stewardship together with infection control practices can hinder the spread of drug-resistant pathogens. This is especially compelling among the vulnerable population of the NICUs. Meanwhile, rapid diagnostic modalities and timely antibiotic susceptibility tests are of paramount importance to initiate appropriate therapy which can hugely impact the clinical prognosis.
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Erford, Bradley, Victoria Kress, Monica Giguere, Domenic Cieri, and Breann Erford. "Meta-analysis: Counseling Outcomes for Youth with Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.37.1.mgj66326868u33g2.
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This meta-analysis concluded that counseling and psychotherapy generally have a small to medium effect in treating anxiety in school-aged youth for termination (waitlist [k = 55;n = 2,959]d = .60[.52- .68]; placebo [k = 14;n = 867]d = .57[.42- .72]; treatment-as-usual [k = 10;n = 371]d = .32[.14- .50]; single group [k = 39;n = 889]d = .42[.37- .48]; and followup (waitlist [k = 22;n = 1,059]d = .51[.39-.63]; placebo [k = 2;n = 154]d = .73[.42-1.03]; treatment-as-usual [k = 9;n = 327] d=.21 [.02-.44]; single group [k = 36;n = 788]d = .58[.51- .65]). The findings of 80 clinical trials were synthesized using a random effects model for mean difference and mean gain effect size estimates. No effects of moderating variables were evident. Implications for counseling practice and future anxiety outcome research are addressed.
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Korte, Thomas, Kai Ludwig, Frank P. Booy, Robert Blumenthal, and Andreas Herrmann. "Conformational Intermediates and Fusion Activity of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin." Journal of Virology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 4567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.6.4567-4574.1999.
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ABSTRACT Three strains of influenza virus (H1, H2, and H3) exhibited similar characteristics in the ability of their hemagglutinin (HA) to induce membrane fusion, but the HAs differed in their susceptibility to inactivation. The extent of inactivation depended on the pH of preincubation and was lowest for A/Japan (H2 subtype), in agreement with previous studies (A. Puri, F. Booy, R. W. Doms, J. M. White, and R. Blumenthal, J. Virol. 64:3824–3832, 1990). While significant inactivation of X31 (H3 subtype) was observed at 37°C at pH values corresponding to the maximum of fusion (about pH 5.0), no inactivation was seen at preincubation pH values 0.2 to 0.4 pH units higher. Surprisingly, low-pH preincubation under those conditions enhanced the fusion rates and extents of A/Japan as well as those of X31. For A/PR 8/34 (H1 subtype), neither a shift of the pH (to >5.0) nor a decrease of the temperature to 20°C was sufficient to prevent inactivation. We provide evidence that the activated HA is a conformational intermediate distinct from the native structure and from the final structure associated with the conformational change of HA, which is implicated by the high-resolution structure of the soluble trimeric fragment TBHA2 (P. A. Bullough, F. M. Hughson, J. J. Skehel, and D. C. Wiley, Nature 371:37–43, 1994).
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Rita, Sufia Nasrin, Mahdee Hasan, Partha Protim Dhar, Maruf Hossain Abrar, and SM Anwar Sadat. "Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients Attended in Orthodontic Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 37, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v37i3.41733.
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The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of individual traits of malocclusion, including sagittal molar relationship, overbite, overjet, crowding, spacing, cross bite, missing tooth, impacted tooth and extra tooth of upper and lower jaws in patients attended in Orthodontic Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital. This cross-sectional study included orthodontic patients who visited the department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics in Sapporo Dental College and Hospital from January 2013 to February 2018. Among the study population comprised of 371 patients the females were 57.1% and the males were 42.1%.Among them, 6.7% belonged to 6 to 11 years, 20.5% belonged to 12 to 17 years and the remaining 72.8% were of 18-35 years of age . Angles Class I malocclusion was seen to be the most prevalent (64.2%). In incisor classification, Class I malocclusion was seen to be the most prevalent (38.3%). Increase in overjet, deep overbite, crossbite, crowding and spacing were found in 35.34%, 40.3%, 24.3%, 58.2% and 38.5% of the patients respectively.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(3): 119-123
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NICHOLSON, K. G., J. KENT, and V. HAMMERSLEY. "Influenza A among community-dwelling elderly persons in Leicestershire during winter 1993–4; cigarette smoking as a risk factor and the efficacy of influenza vaccination." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (August 1999): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026889900271x.
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In a prospective study of community-dwelling people 60–90 years of age, we examined the coverage of influenza vaccine during 1992–3 and 1993–4, the efficacy of vaccination in reducing serologically-confirmed clinical episodes of influenza A during 1993, and the effect of cigarette smoking. During 1992 and 1993, influenza vaccine was given to 106/215 (49%) and 120/204 (59%) people with risk conditions, and 84/225 (37%) and 103/235 (44%) without risk conditions. Influenza vaccination and general practitioner consultations during 1992 were independent predictors of vaccination in 1993, but current smoking was a negative predictor. Of 209 unimmunized people, 8/35 (23%) smokers had clinical influenza as compared with 11/174 (6 %) non-smokers (OR 4·4, 95% CI 1·6 to 11·9). Of 371 non-smokers, 1/197 (0·5%) vaccinees had influenza as compared with 11/174 (6 %) non-vaccinees (OR 0·075, 95% CI 0·587 to 0·009). No cases of influenza occurred among 21 current smokers who were vaccinated.
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KIM, Sung-Soo. "Reading Psalm 37 in the Context of Psalms 34-37." KOREA PRESBYTERIAN JOURNAL OF THEOLOGY 50, no. 5 (December 31, 2018): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15757/kpjt.2018.50.5.001.
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Brabham, Chad, Jason K. Norsworthy, and Fidel González-Torralva. "Presence of the HPPD Inhibitor Sensitive 1 Gene and ALSS653N Mutation in Weedy Oryza sativa Sensitive to Benzobicyclon." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111576.
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Benzobicyclon has shown varying results in controlling weedy rice, including those with imidazolinone (IMI) resistance. Tolerance to benzobicyclon in cultivated japonica rice, but not indica or aus-like cultivars, is conferred by a fully functional HPPD Inhibitor Sensitive 1 (HIS1) gene. Herein, a diagnostic Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay was developed to predict the HIS1 genotype of weedy rice plants from 37 accessions and correlated to their response to benzobicyclon in the field. Two-thirds of the 693 weedy rice plants screened were tolerant to benzobicyclon (371 g ai ha−1, SC formulation) at 30 days after treatment (DAT). Thirty-four percent of plants were homozygous for the HIS1 allele and 98% of these plants exhibited field tolerance. However, the his1 genotype did not always correlate with field data. Only 52% of his1 plants were considered sensitive, indicating that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen in the KASP assay are not a reliable tool in predicting his1 homozygous plants. In an additional experiment, 86% of the 344 plants with at least one copy of the ALSS653N trait harbored a HIS1 allele, suggesting fields infested with IMI herbicide-resistant weedy rice are unlikely to be controlled with benzobicyclon.
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Schmolke, M., F. X. Beck, and W. G. Guder. "Effect of antidiuretic hormone on renal organic osmolytes in Brattleboro rats." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 257, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): F732—F737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1989.257.5.f732.
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Homozygous Brattleboro rats were used to study the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on organic osmolytes, which have been shown to be involved in the cellular osmoadaptation in renal inner medulla. With the use of enzymatic spectrophotometric methods, glycerophosphorylcholine, sorbitol, and inositol were determined in kidney sections from papillary tip (IM3) to cortex. Compared with normal rat kidneys, IM3 of untreated Brattleboro rats (urine osmolality 132 mosmol/kg) were sorbitol depleted (16 +/- 1 vs. 371 +/- 37 mumol/g protein) and glycerophosphorylcholine was reduced to 20% (131 +/- 16 vs. 658 +/- 52 mumol/g protein). In contrast inositol was not changed (147 +/- 25 vs. 177 +/- 29 mumol/g protein). Similar effects were obtained in all medullary sections. Continuous treatment with ADH increased urine osmolality already after 5 h but renal glycerophosphorylcholine and sorbitol content only after 24 h. Normal osmolyte levels were reached after 3 days of ADH treatment when urine osmolality was 1,595 mosmol/kg. Inositol did not exhibit comparable changes during ADH treatment. The present results indicate that ADH, possibly by increasing interstitial tonicity, leads to increased glycerophosphorylcholine and sorbitol, but not inositol, contents.
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Berg, Esther van den, Ali Eskandari, Louwrens R. Tiedt, and Akbar Karegar. "Neolobocriconema iranense sp. n. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran." Nematology 12, no. 5 (2010): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x489347.
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AbstractNeolobocriconema iranense sp. n. is described from a forest in Iran. Females of N. iranense sp. n. are characterised by having a body length of 453 (371-569) μm, 78-87.5 μm long stylet, presence of a single lip annulus of smaller diam. than the adjacent body annulus and which has a smooth margin and four distinct submedian lobes, 37-43 wide, retrorse body annuli with crenate, dentate and lobulate margins, the latter becoming slightly longer on the last few annuli, annuli with numerous longitudinal grooves corresponding with the crenations, vulva without an overhanging dorsal lip and situated on posteriormost three or four annuli, and anus located on the last annulus. The J2 has 12 longitudinal rows of scales and the ?J4 has eight to ten longitudinal rows of broad, irregular scallops. SEM photographs of females are provided. In the presence of a single lip annulus, N. iranense sp. n. comes close to seven of the 13 species in Neolobocriconema. It can, however, be differentiated from them all in characters such as a shorter body length, shorter or longer stylet, different cuticular structures on the annuli, and in the absence of longitudinal rows of scales or scallops.
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Bowden, Richard D., Knute J. Nadelhoffer, Richard D. Boone, Jerry M. Melillo, and Jason B. Garrison. "Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-177.
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Estimating contributions by root respiration and root litter to total soil respiration is difficult owing to problems in measuring each component separately. In a mixed hardwood forest in Massachusetts, we added or removed aboveground litter and terminated live root activity through construction of trenches and root barriers to determine the contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration. Annual soil respiration at control plots, measured by the soda-lime technique, was 371 g C•m−2-year−1. We used aboveground litter inputs (138 g C•m−2year−1) and differences in carbon dioxide effluxes among treatment plots to calculate contributions to total soil respiration by live root respiration (33%) and by organic matter derived from aboveground (37%) and belowground (30%) litter. Newly deposited aboveground litter contributed 31% of the carbon dioxide emitted by total aboveground litter. This estimate is consistent with values published in litter decomposition studies. Nearly two thirds of soil respiration in this forest can be attributed to root activity, comparable with a previous study suggesting that live root respiration plus decomposition of root litter contributes 70–80% of total soil respiration across a wide range of forests.
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Haimer, Amal, Souad Belamalem, Faouzi Habib, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari, and Hinde Hami. "Colorectal Cancer in Morocco : Results of a Retrospective Study." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2723.
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Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in female, with an estimated 1, 4 million cases and 693,900 deaths occurring in 20121. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Morocco. This is a descriptive retrospective study of colorectal cancer cases diagnosed and treated at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat between 2005 and 2015. During the period of study, there were 641 cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer; 371 (57, 9%) were men and 270 (42, 1%) were women, there was 54 deaths among which 63% were men and 37% were women. The average age of patients with colorectal cancer was 56 ± 14.6 years whereas the average age of death was 53, 8 ± 13, 7 years. The maximum of frequency for this kind of cancer was between the age of 40 and 59 years old. The study also showed that there was no association between the age and the risk of the death. Despite the limitations of the available data, it is clear that there are several barriers to access to cancer control in developing countries. This includes prevention, early detection, diagnosis and treatment.
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Oliveira, Valéria de Albuquerque, Nelson Ferreira Fontoura, and Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag. "Reproductive characteristics and the weight-length relationship in Anableps anableps (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from the Amazon Estuary." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 4 (November 16, 2011): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000042.
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The present study analyzed the length-weight relationship and some aspects of the reproductive biology of Anableps anableps from the mouth of the Maracanã River, in the Brazilian state of Pará. The specimens were collected using two 30 m-long gillnets with 15 and 20 mm mesh size, as well as a 1 m-diameter hand net with a 10 mm mesh. A total of 865 specimens were collected, from which an adult sex ratio of 2.12 females per male was recorded (χ² = 13.07; p<0.05). Females presented positively allometric growth, whereas males were negatively allometric. In the additional analyses, the gonads of 371 female specimens were observed microscopically. Gonadal development was classified in three stages: immature (5.0%), maturing (12.0%), and mature (83.0%). Embryonic development was classified in five phases, according to the size of the embryo and the vitelline sac. Mean fecundity was 12 eggs/embryos per female (range: 1-37 eggs/embryos). A significant relationship was recorded between the standard length of females and ovaries weight (R² = 0.257; p < 0.001), and the number of embryos carried (R² = 0.573; p < 0.001). Mean body length of females at initial sexual maturation (L50) was estimated at 11.7 cm. The species reproduced throughout the year.
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Hofmeyer, Syster, Gyula Pekár, Mária Gere, Miklós Tarján, Dan Hellberg, and Tibor Tot. "Comparison of the Subgross Distribution of the Lesions in Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinomas of the Breast: A Large-Format Histology Study." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/436141.
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To compare the lesion distribution and the extent of the disease in ductal and lobular carcinomas of the breast, we studied 586 ductal and 133 lobular consecutive cancers. All cases were documented on large-format histology slides. The invasive component of ductal carcinomas was unifocal in 63.3% (371/586), multifocal in 35.5% (208/586), and diffuse in 1.2% (7/586) of the cases. The corresponding figures in the lobular group were 27.8% (37/133), 45.9% (61/586), and 26.3% (35/133), respectively. When the distribution of the in situ and invasive component in the same tumors was combined to give an aggregate pattern, the ductal carcinomas were unifocal in 41.6% (244/586), multifocal in 31.6% (185/586), and diffuse in 26.8% (157/586) of the cases. The corresponding figures in the lobular category were 15.0% (20/133), 54.2% (72/133), and 30.8% (41/133), respectively. Ductal cancers were extensive in 45.7% (268/586), lobular in 65.4% (87/133) of the cases. All these differences were statistically highly significant (). While the histological tumor type itself (ductal versus lobular) did not influence the lymph node status, multifocal and diffuse distribution of the lesions were associated with significantly increased risk of lymph node metastases in both ductal and lobular cancers.
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Gadoth, Adva, Chelsea L. Shannon, Nicole A. Hoff, Gisèle Mvumbi, Kamy Musene, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Risa M. Hoffman, Anne W. Rimoin, and Jeffrey D. Klausner. "Prenatal chlamydial, gonococcal, and trichomonal screening in the Democratic Republic of Congo for case detection and management." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419888315.
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Prenatal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are associated with adverse birth outcomes. As rapid diagnostic tests become available, it is important to evaluate prenatal sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence, as well as the acceptability and feasibility of prenatal screening programs. We recruited 371 pregnant women from four clinics in Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from October 2016 to March 2017. Trained clinicians collected cervical swabs, and samples were tested by nucleic acid amplification for CT, NG, and TV using a GeneXpert® system. Those testing positive for an STI were treated and asked to return after 4–8 weeks for tests-of-cure. Screening for STIs was widely accepted (99%). STI prevalence at baseline was CT, 3.2%; NG, 1.5%; and TV, 14%; treatment completion was 97%. Symptoms were reported among 34% of STI-positive women at baseline, compared with 37% of STI-negative women. Upon first test-of-cure, 100% of returning women were cured of CT ( n = 10) and NG ( n = 5), but only 47% were cured of TV. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing diagnostic STI testing for case detection and treatment among expectant mothers in DRC, with implications for maternal and birth outcomes.
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Kosarcic, Slavica, A. Kovacs, D. Kosarcic, Ljiljana Suvajdzic, Mira Kovacevic, M. Kapetanov, Dubravka Milanov, and Milica Zivkov-Balos. "Chromosome changes in cattle on the farms in Serbia." Genetika 37, no. 1 (2005): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0501015k.
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In the paper we presented five-year investigations of numeric and structural changes in cattle karyotype on five farms and two centers for reproduction in Serbia. There were 371 breeding animals (215 male and 156 female), out of which 267 Holstein Friesian breed (193 male and 74 female), 62 Simmental (17 male and 45 female) and 42 Grey Steppe breed (5 male and 37 female). Cultivating of lymphocytes and karyotype analyses, according to the international standards for karyotypization of domestic animals, were applied. The aim of the investigation was to test genetic material on chromosome level of animals introduced into reproduction. The following changes were discovered in the karyotype: 6 animals of Holstein-Friesian breed were with chimeras 2n=60XX/XY and there was one Robertson's translocation in Simmental breed. Structural changes as breakage and a ring were discovered in two animals of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental breed raised in the area of bombing in Serbia. The animals of Grey Steppe breed had normal karyotype. There is a total of 9 animals with changes (2.42%), while 362 were with normal karyotype, total 97.57%. According to the results, it may be concluded that cytogenetical attestation of the breeding animals will have to be continued for the purpose of protecting the genofond on cattle farms.
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Petrov, Sergey. "New Israel and Red October: A Movement of Russian Religious Dissent at the Turn of Epochs." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 37, no. 1-2 (2019): 371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2019-37-1/2-371-395.
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Pratomo, Imam Budi, and Heni Apriyani. "Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) Pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Lampung Utara." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik 14, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jkep.v14i1.1004.
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<em>International DiabetesFederation </em>(IDF) menyatakan bahwa lebih dari 371 juta orang di dunia yangberumur 20-79 tahun menderita diabetes. Indonesia merupakan negara urutan ke-7 dengan prevalensi diabetes tertinggi di dunia.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran nilai <em>Ankle Brachial Index</em> (ABI) penderita DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Penelitian dengan rancangan deskriptif dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Penelitian melibatkan 98 responden penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang terdaftar di Puskesmas Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik penderita DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kotabumi yaitu perempuan sebanyak 62 orang (63,3 %), laki-laki 36 orang (36,7%), dan responden berusia >60 tahun sebanyak 37 orang (37,9%). Sedangkan klasifikasi nilai ABI menunjukkan bahwa 77,5% responden adalah normal, sedangkan 22,5% responden adalah <em>borderline perfusion</em>.Saran bagi Puskesmas diharapkan dapat menerapkan pemeriksaan ABI terhadap penderita DM guna diagnosis awal sirkulasi bagi penderita DM. Pada pasien yang memiliki ABI nornal diharapkan untuk dilakukan penyuluhan tentang diet dan aktivitas guna mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita diabetes. Pasien dengan ABI <em>borderlineperfusion</em>, diharapkan untuk dilakukan penyuluhan tentang diet,pengaturan aktivitas, konsultasi gizi, dan terapi aktivitas fisik (olahraga) guna mengurangi / mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut.
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Livramento, J. A. "Síndrome do líquido cefalorraqueano na neurocisticercose: estudo crítico sobre a evolução da imunidade humoral." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 45, no. 3 (September 1987): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1987000300006.
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Foram estudadas 371 amostras de LCR e 324 amostras de soro de 40 pacientes com diagnóstico de neurocisticercose submetidos a tratamento medicamentoso com praziquantel visando a análise crítica da evolução de alterações da imunidade humoral verificadas através da síndrome do LCR na NC. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar existência de fatores de interferência complexos como os relacionados a: formas clínicas, tempo de doença, corticorterapia-dependência prévia, derivação ventricular, achados tomográficos múltiplos e tratamento medicamentoso, levando todos eles a diversos graus de interferência na intensidade do transparecimento da síndrome do LCR na NC. Fenômenos de liberação de globulinas gama no sistema LCR foram verificados em 37 casos (92,5%), de maneira persistente em 18 (45%) deles, durante todas as fases do estudo e não sofrendo alterações com o tratamento medicamentoso. A interpretação dos resultados deve ser sempre realizada caso a caso, devido à grande dispersão dos eventos e às diferenças de comportamento dos dados relativos à imunidade humoral quando analisados criticamente durante dado período evolutivo. Estudos estatísticos de concordância e correlação comprovaram sua evidência para os eventos estudados quanto à liberação local de globulinas gama no LCR e à segurança das reações imunológicas para cisticercose, quando reagentes. Destaca-se finalmente a importância do exame do LCR que foi, é e continuará sendo básico para o estudo da neurocisticercose.
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Hemmilä, Marja, Heidi Hellén, Aki Virkkula, Ulla Makkonen, Arnaud P. Praplan, Jenni Kontkanen, Lauri Ahonen, Markku Kulmala, and Hannele Hakola. "Amines in boreal forest air at SMEAR II station in Finland." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2018): 6367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6367-2018.
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Abstract. We measured amines in boreal forest air in Finland both in gas and particle phases with 1 h time resolution using an online ion chromatograph (instrument for Measuring AeRosols and Gases in Ambient Air – MARGA) connected to an electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). The developed MARGA-MS method was able to separate and detect seven different amines: monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA), propylamine (PA), and butylamine (BA). The detection limits of the method for amines were low (0.2–3.1 ng m−3), the accuracy of IC-MS analysis was 11–37 %, and the precision 10–15 %. The proper measurements in the boreal forest covered about 8 weeks between March and December 2015. The amines were found to be an inhomogeneous group of compounds, showing different seasonal and diurnal variability. Total MMA (MMA(tot)) peaked together with the sum of ammonia and ammonium ions already in March. In March, monthly means for MMA were < 2.4 and 6.8 ± 9.1 ng m−3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for NH3 and NH4+ these were 52 ± 16 and 425 ± 371 ng m−3, respectively. Monthly medians in March for MMA(tot), NH3, and NH4+ were < 2.4, 19 and 90 ng m−3, respectively. DMA(tot) and TMA(tot) had summer maxima indicating biogenic sources. We observed diurnal variation for DMA(tot) but not for TMA(tot). The highest concentrations of these compounds were measured in July. Then, monthly means for DMA were < 3.1 and 8.4 ± 3.1 ng m−3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for TMA these were 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.5 ng m−3. Monthly medians in July for DMA were below the detection limit (DL) and 4.9 ng m−3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, and for TMA these were 0.4 and 1.4 ng m−3. When relative humidity of air was > 90 %, gas-phase DMA correlated well with 1.1–2 nm particle number concentration (R2=0.63) suggesting that it participates in atmospheric clustering. EA concentrations were low all the time. Its July means were < 0.36 and 0.4 ± 0.4 ng m−3 in gas and aerosol phases, respectively, but individual concentration data correlated well with monoterpene concentrations in July. Monthly means of PA and BA were below detection limits at all times.
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Goncalves, S., José Palha, Helena Fernandes, Márcio Souto, Sara Pimenta, Tao Dong, Zhaochu Yang, João Ribeiro, and José Correia. "LED Optrode with Integrated Temperature Sensing for Optogenetics." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090473.
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In optogenetic studies, the brain is exposed to high-power light sources and inadequate power density or exposure time can cause cell damage from overheating (typically temperature increasing of 2 ∘ C). In order to overcome overheating issues in optogenetics, this paper presents a neural tool capable of assessing tissue temperature over time, combined with the capability of electrical recording and optical stimulation. A silicon-based 8 mm long probe was manufactured to reach deep neural structures. The final proof-of-concept device comprises a double-sided function: on one side, an optrode with LED-based stimulation and platinum (Pt) recording points; and, on the opposite side, a Pt-based thin-film thermoresistance (RTD) for temperature assessing in the photostimulation site surroundings. Pt thin-films for tissue interface were chosen due to its biocompatibility and thermal linearity. A single-shaft probe is demonstrated for integration in a 3D probe array. A 3D probe array will reduce the distance between the thermal sensor and the heating source. Results show good recording and optical features, with average impedance magnitude of 371 k Ω , at 1 kHz, and optical power of 1.2 mW·mm − 2 (at 470 nm), respectively. The manufactured RTD showed resolution of 0.2 ∘ C at 37 ∘ C (normal body temperature). Overall, the results show a device capable of meeting the requirements of a neural interface for recording/stimulating of neural activity and monitoring temperature profile of the photostimulation site surroundings, which suggests a promising tool for neuroscience research filed.
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Buck, Katherine, Meredith Williamson, Stacy Ogbeide, and Bethany Norberg. "Family Physician Burnout and Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Family Medicine 51, no. 8 (September 6, 2019): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.424025.
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Background and Objectives: Current physician burnout levels are at historically high levels, especially in family medicine, with many factors playing a role. The goal of this study was to understand demographic, psychological, environmental, behavioral, and workplace characteristics that impact physician wellness and burnout, focusing on family medicine physicians and residents. Methods: Survey respondents were 295 family medicine residents and faculty members across 11 residency programs within the Residency Research Network of Texas (RRNeT). Subjects completed multiple measures to assess resilience, burnout, psychological flexibility, and workplace stress. Respondents also reported personal wellness practices and demographic information. The primary outcome variables were burnout (depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievement) and resilience. Results: The predictor variables contributed significant variance (depersonalization=27.1%, emotional exhaustion=39%, accomplishment=37.7%, resilience=37%) and resulted in large effect sizes (depersonalization f²=.371, emotional exhaustion f²=.639, accomplishment f²=.605, resilience f²=.587) among the three burnout models and the resilience model for the sample. Similar variance and effect sizes were present for independent resident and program faculty samples, with resilience being the only outcome variable with significant differences in variance between the samples. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the roles of both individual and organization change needed to impact provider wellness, with special attention to resilience across faculty and residents. The results of this study may inform workplace policies (ie, organizational practice change) and wellness programming and curricula (ie, individual level) for family medicine residents and program faculty.
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Hanžel, Jurij. "Rare birds in Slovenia in 2015 – Slovenian Rarities Committee’s Report." Acrocephalus 37, no. 168-169 (November 1, 2016): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2016-0004.
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Summary This report by the Slovenian Rarities Committee presents records of rare bird species in Slovenia in 2015, with some addenda for previous years. The numbers in brackets refer to the number of records (first number) and individuals (second number) recorded between 1 Jan 1950 and 31 Dec 2014. Since 1 Jan 2013, submission to the Committee has been required for 37 additional species, 17 of which are regional rarities. Records of these species are not numbered, since records from previous years were not collected by the Committee. One new species, the Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti, was added to category A. Other notable observations were the first record of Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus after 1909, the second record of Baillon’s Crake Zapornia pusilla, the third and fourth records of Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra, the fourth of Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, the fifth of Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi and the sixth of Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius. Four species were added to category E: Bahama Pintail Anas bahamensis, Rosy-billed Pochard Netta peposaca, Harris’s Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus and Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria. The list of birds recorded in Slovenia (as of 31 Dec 2015) contains 386 species (371 in category A, 6 in category B, 9 exclusively in category C; 4 species are both in categories A and C). Category D contains 6 species, while category E contains 38, two of which are classified into subcategory E*. These two categories are not part of the list.
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Forsyth, R. J., K. Bartlett, A. Burchell, H. M. Scott, and J. A. Eyre. "Astrocytic glucose-6-phosphatase and the permeability of brain microsomes to glucose 6-phosphate." Biochemical Journal 294, no. 1 (August 15, 1993): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2940145.
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Cells from primary rat astrocyte cultures express a 36.5 kDa protein that cross-reacts with polyclonal antibodies to the catalytic subunit of rat hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase on Western blotting. Glucose-6-phosphate-hydrolysing activity of the order of 10 nmol/min per mg of total cellular protein can be demonstrated in cell homogenates. This activity shows latency, and is localized to the microsomal fraction. Kinetic analysis shows a Km of 15 mM and a Vmax. of 30 nmol/min per mg of microsomal protein in disrupted microsomes. Approx. 40% of the total phosphohydrolase activity is specific glucose-6-phosphatase, as judged by sensitivity to exposure to pH 5 at 37 degrees C. Previous reports that the brain microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase system does not distinguish glucose 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate are confirmed in astrocyte microsomes. However, we demonstrate significant phosphomannose isomerase activity in brain microsomes, allowing for ready interconversion between mannose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate (Vmax. 15 nmol/min per mg of microsomal protein; apparent Km < 1 mM; pH optimum 5-6 for the two-step conversion). This finding invalidates the past inference from the failure of brain microsomes to distinguish mannose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate that the cerebral glucose-6-phosphatase system lacks a ‘glucose 6-phosphate translocase’ [Fishman and Karnovsky (1986) J. Neurochem. 46, 371-378]. Furthermore, light-scattering experiments confirm that a proportion of whole brain microsomes is readily permeable to glucose 6-phosphate.
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Wouda, Eva Maria Nadine, Laurence Thielemans, Mue Chae Darakamon, Aye Aye Nge, Wah Say, Sanda Khing, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, et al. "Extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in refugee and migrant populations: retrospective cohort." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (May 2020): e000641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000641.
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ObjectiveTo describe neonatal survival and long-term neurological outcome in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NH) with extreme serum bilirubin (SBR) values.DesignRetrospective chart review, a one-off neurodevelopmental evaluation.SettingSpecial care baby unit in a refugee camp and clinics for migrant populations at the Thailand–Myanmar border with phototherapy facilities but limited access to exchange transfusion (ET).PatientsNeonates ≥28 weeks of gestational age with extreme SBR values and/or acute neurological symptoms, neurodevelopment evaluation conducted at 23–97 months of age.Main outcome measuresNeonatal mortality rate, prevalence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) signs, prevalence of delayed development scores based on the Griffiths Mental Development Scale (GMDS).ResultsFrom 2009 to 2014, 1946 neonates were diagnosed with jaundice; 129 (6.6%) had extreme SBR values during NH (extreme NH). In this group, the median peak SBR was 430 (IQR 371–487) µmol/L and the prevalence of ABE was 28.2%. Extreme NH-related mortality was 10.9% (14/129). Median percentile GMDS general score of 37 survivors of extreme NH was poor: 11 (2–42). ‘Performance’, ‘practical reasoning’ and ‘hearing and language’ domains were most affected. Four (10.8%) extreme NH survivors had normal development scores (≥50th centile). Two (5.4%) developed the most severe form of kernicterus spectrum disorders.ConclusionIn this limited-resource setting, poor neonatal survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes, after extreme NH, were high. Early identification and adequate treatment of NH where ET is not readily available are key to minimising the risk of extreme SBR values or neurological symptoms.
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Koçak, Mustafa Murat, Sibel Koçak, Elif Aybala Oktay, Abdullah Kiliç, and Sis Darendeliler Yaman. "In vitro Evaluation of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations of Different Root-End Filling Materials." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1330.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of root-end filling materials ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus and IRM. Materials and methods Macrodilution broth method was used. Microorganisms used were: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Streptococcus mutans. Serial two-fold dilutions of root-end filling samples were prepared in macrodilution tubes with concentrations ranging from 1/2 to 1/512. The samples dilutions were incubated for 24 hours. After incubation, 0.1 ml of diluted culture was inoculated onto the surface of supplemented sheep blood agar (Merck, Germany) and all plates were incubated at 37°C in aerobic condition for 24 hours. The MBC was defined as the lowest concentration of root-end filling samples where no growth was recorded. Results MBC of both mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) products against S. aureus were recorded as 15.62 mg/ml and for IRM 31.25 mg/ml MBC for both MTA groups against E. faecalis were recorded as 31.25 mg/ml and for IRM 62.5 mg/ml. MBC of all root-end filling samples against S. mutans were recorded as 62.5 mg/ml. Conclusion All tested root-end filling materials showed acceptable MBC against S. aureus and E. faecalis. Clinical significance All tested materials can be used safely for filling of a root-end cavity. How to cite this article Koçak MM, Koçak S, Oktay EA, Kiliç A, Yaman SD. In vitro Evaluation of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations of Different Root-End Filling Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):371-374.
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Hintze, T. H., F. L. Belloni, J. E. Harrison, and G. C. Shapiro. "Apparent reduction in baroreflex sensitivity to adenosine in conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): H554—H559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.3.h554.
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Relative effects of equihypotensive doses (-35 mmHg) of adenosine (5.0 mumol/kg) and nitroglycerin (25 micrograms/kg) on heart rate and, therefore, baroreflex sensitivity were studied in conscious dogs. Nitroglycerin increased heart rate 133 +/- 24% from 78 +/- 5.5 beats/min, whereas adenosine increased heart rate only 79 +/- 16% from 78 +/- 5.2 beats/min (P less than 0.01). Injection of nitroglycerin during combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor blockades caused arterial pressure to fall 38 +/- 3.4% from 107 +/- 3.2 mmHg without any significant change in heart rate (3.8 +/- 3.8 from 162 +/- 9.2 beats/min). During combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptor blockades adenosine also reduced arterial pressure 45 +/- 2.7% from 106 +/- 2.9 mmHg but unexpectedly reduced heart rate as well by 37 +/- 1.7% from 160 +/- 9.7 beats/min. This bradycardia reflected an effect on the sinoatrial (SA) node rather than an induction of heart block, since the R-R interval increased by 70 +/- 7.8% from 371 +/- 20 ms (P less than 0.01), while the P-R interval increased only 13 +/- 2.3% from 97 +/- 7.2 ms (P less than 0.05) with no electrocardiographic evidence of nonconducted beats. Arterial plasma adenosine levels were 43 +/- 5 nmol/ml at this time. Adenosine also caused bradycardia during muscarinic blockade alone (-43 +/- 3.4% from 201 +/- 6.4 beats/min) and following bilateral vagal section (-33 +/- 1.9% from 151 +/- 5.9 beats/min). In summary, adenosine appears to alter normal baroreflex function in the conscious dog by reducing the tachycardia that normally follows a fall in systemic arterial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Said, M. Abdullah, Ming Wai Yeung, Yordi J. van de Vegte, Jan Walter Benjamins, Robin P. F. Dullaart, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Samuli Ripatti, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study and Identification of a Protective Missense Variant on Lipoprotein(a) Concentration." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 41, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 1792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.315300.
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Objective: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) but also to LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. The genetic architecture of Lp(a) remains incompletely understood, as well as its independence of LDL cholesterol in its association to CAD. We investigated the genetic determinants of Lp(a) concentrations in a large prospective multiethnic cohort. We tested the association for potential causality between genetically determined higher Lp(a) concentrations and CAD using a multivariable Mendelian randomization strategy. Approach and Results: We studied 371 212 participants of the UK Biobank with available Lp(a) and genome-wide genetic data. Genome-wide association analyses confirmed 2 known and identified 37 novel loci ( P <5×10 −8 ) associated with Lp(a). Testing these loci as instrumental variables in an independent cohort with 60 801 cases and 123 504 controls, each SD genetically elevated Lp(a) conferred a 1.30 ([95% CI, 1.20–1.41] P =5.53×10 − 11 ) higher odds of CAD. Importantly, this association was independent of LDL cholesterol. Genetic fine-mapping in the LPA gene region identified 15 potential causal variants. This included a rare missense variant (rs41267813[A]) associated with lower Lp(a) concentration. We observed a strong interaction between rs41267813 and rs10455872 on Lp(a) concentrations, indicating a protective effect of rs41267813(A). Conclusions: This study supports an LDL cholesterol–independent causal link between Lp(a) and CAD. A rare missense variant in the LPA gene locus appears to be protective in people with the Lp(a) increasing variant of rs10455872. In the search for therapeutic targets of Lp(a), future work should focus on understanding the functional consequences of this missense variant.
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Sen, Payal, Uddalak Majumdar, Joe Zein, Umur Hatipoğlu, and Amy H. Attaway. "Inhaled corticosteroids do not adversely impact outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients with COPD: An analysis of Cleveland Clinic’s COVID-19 registry." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): e0252576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252576.
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Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed to patients with severe COPD and recurrent exacerbations. It is not known what impact ICS cause in terms of COVID-19 positivity or disease severity in COPD. This study examined 27,810 patients with COPD from the Cleveland Clinic COVID-19 registry between March 8th and September 16th, 2020. Electronic health records were used to determine diagnosis of COPD, ICS use, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics, month of COVID-19 testing, and comorbidities known to be associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. Amongst the COPD patients who were tested for COVID-19, 44.1% of those taking an ICS-containing inhaler tested positive for COVID-19 versus 47.2% who tested negative for COVID-19 (p = 0.033). Of those who tested positive for COVID-19 (n = 1288), 371 (28.8%) required hospitalization. In-hospital outcomes were not significantly different when comparing ICS versus no ICS in terms of ICU admission (36.8% [74/201] vs 31.2% [53/170], p = 0.30), endotracheal intubation (21.9% [44/201] vs 16.5% [28/170], p = 0.24), or mortality (18.4% [37/201] vs 20.0% [34/170], p = 0.80). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated no significant differences in hospitalization (adj OR 1.12, CI: 0.90–1.38), ICU admission (adj OR: 1.31, CI: 0.82–2.10), need for mechanical ventilation (adj OR 1.65, CI: 0.69–4.02), or mortality (OR: 0.80, CI: 0.43–1.49). In conclusion, ICS therapy did not increase COVID-19 related healthcare utilization or mortality outcome in patients with COPD followed at the Cleveland Clinic health system. These findings should encourage clinicians to continue ICS therapy for COPD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Nguyen, Tien T., Harmanjeet Harmanjeet, Troy Wanandy, Ronald L. Castelino, Kamal Sud, Matthew D. Jose, Gregory M. Peterson, Syed Tabish R. Zaidi, and Rahul P. Patel. "Pyridine levels in ceftazidime – peritoneal dialysis admixtures stored at body temperature." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 40, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896860819887636.
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Background: For the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP), ceftazidime is routinely admixed with peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions before its intraperitoneal administration. One of the major degradation products of ceftazidime is pyridine, a potentially toxic compound. Depending on the type of PD solution, ceftazidime is exposed to an environment with acidic or basic pH, and depending on the type of dosing and individual unit practices related to preparation and storage, ceftazidime can be at body temperature for 4–10 h, resulting in potentially varying rates of degradation to pyridine by-product. No study has investigated whether the amount of generated pyridine exceeds the maximum daily exposure limit of 2 mg when ceftazidime-PD admixtures are kept at body temperature. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the levels of pyridine generated in PD-ceftazidime admixtures kept at 37°C for various time points. Methods: Ceftazidime was admixed with 2 L Dianeal (1.5%, 2.5% and 4.25% dextrose) and 2 L Physioneal (1.36%, 2.27% and 3.86% glucose) PD solutions to obtain a concentration of 125 mg/L (continuous dosing model) or 500 mg/L (intermittent dosing model). A total of 36 PD admixtures (3 bags for each type of PD solution and 3 bags for each type of dosing) were prepared and stored at 37°C for 10 h. An aliquot was withdrawn at time 0 (baseline) and after 2, 6, 8 and 10 h of storage. The withdrawn samples were then analysed to determine the concentrations of ceftazidime and pyridine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: With the intermittent dosing model (500 mg/L), ceftazidime was found to be stable for only 2 and 6 h when admixed with 3.86% and 2.27% glucose Physioneal PD solutions, respectively. While ceftazidime (500 mg/L) retained more than 90% of its initial concentration in the three types of Dianeal and 1.36% dextrose Physioneal solutions for 10 and 8 h, respectively, the generated amount of pyridine ranged between approximately 290% and 371% more than the daily recommended limit. With the continuous dosing model (125 mg/L), ceftazidime was found to be stable for 6 h in all three types of Physioneal PD solutions, but the total amount of generated pyridine with four daily exchanges (6 h each) was estimated to be 170–360% over the daily recommended limit. Ceftazidime (125 mg/L) was chemically stable when admixed with three types of Dianeal PD solutions and stored at 37°C for 10 h, and the levels of pyridine were estimated to be less than the maximum recommended daily limit. Conclusions: Until the outcomes of this in vitro study are confirmed by appropriate in vivo studies, continuous dosing of ceftzadime–Dianeal admixtures for the treatment of PDAP may be preferred over continuous dosing of ceftazidime–Physioneal admixtures, and intermittent dosing of ceftazidime–Physioneal and ceftazidime–Dianeal admixtures, as ceftazidime remains stable and the generated levels of pyridine are below the maximum recommended daily exposure.
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Andriuschenko, V. P. "Acute diffused purulent peritonitis: conceptual aspects of the modern surgical tactics." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.1 (October 11, 2020): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.1-03.
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Objective. To accentuate an attention on conceptual aspects of surgical treatment of patients on acute purulent diffused peritonitis (APDP).
Materials and methods. Were treated a 371 patients on APDP in age from 18 to 87 years; males – 207 (56 %), females – 164 (44 %). In structure of factors of peritonitis development predominated an acute destructive appendicitis (23 %), perforated ulcer of pyloroduodenal part of the stomach (21 %), acute pancreatitis / purulent-necrotic pancreonecrosis (18 %), acute destructive cholecystitis (14 %).
Results and discussion. Carried out analysis allowed to determine the next conceptual aspects of the problem. In particular, according to recommendations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES, 2016), APDP necessary to interpret as “complicated intraabdominal infection” with evaluation of clinical state of patient, localization of source of infection, its spreading, availability of the multiorgan insufficiency, characteristics of bacterial pathogens and their antibacterial sensitivity. Is appropriate an usage of the single classification of degree of peritonitis spreading with terminological definition its as “local”, “diffused” and “total”. Helping carried out a bacterial investigations were revealed domination of aerobic bacteria as monoculture (37 %) and aerobic-anaerobic associations (39 %) with gram-negative sign (56 %) and species composition as enterobacteria and anaerobic nonclostridial microbs. The initial antibiotic therapy induces the high level of polyresistance of flora, that causes necessarily of permanent determination of bacteria sensitivity to antibiotics and timely change of regimens their administration. Operational intervention, excepting a control of the source of infection, must to foresee a measures of correction of appeared pathologic intraabdominal syndromes, in particular compartment-syndrome, enteral insufficiency and redundant contamination of digestive tract by microflora of the large intestine. The very important compound of treatment is full-fledged infusion therapy. Relaparotomy represents an effective instrument with performing its for regulated clearly indications.
Conclusions. Realization of the outlined medical tactics compaunds will promote to the rise of efficiency of ADPP treatment.
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Beauchemin, K. A., and A. D. Iwaasa. "Eating and ruminating activities of cattle fed alfalfa or orchard-grass harvested at two stages of maturity." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-007.
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Four Hereford heifers (mean weight, 371 kg; SD, 17) were fitted with esophageal fistulae and used in an experiment designed as a 4 × 4 Latin square to determine the effects of species and stage of maturity of forage on eating and ruminating activities. Heifers consumed an average of 5.45 kg d−1 of DM from (1) alfalfa, 10% bloom (21% CP, 37% NDF); (2) alfalfa, 50% bloom (16% CP, 47% NDF); (3) orchardgrass, anthesis (17% CP, 56% NDF); and (4) orchardgrass, post-anthesis (14% CP, 59% NDF). Time spent eating was similar for all forages (360 min d−1; P > 0.05). This resulted in alfalfa NDF being subjected to more chewing (167.8 vs. 112.2 min kg NDF−1; P = 0.001). More DM was solubilized during eating from alfalfa than from orchardgrass (38.1 vs. 27.0%; P = 0.001), but less saliva was added per gram of DM (1.94 vs. 3.09 g; P = 0.001). Advanced stage of maturity of both forage species decreased solubilization of DM (28.1 vs. 37.0%; P = 0.002) and increased saliva added per gram of DM (2.28 vs. 2.74 g; P = 0.001) during eating. Rumination time was similar (312 min d−1; P > 0.05) for animals fed alfalfa and orchardgrass. Consequently, rumination chewing per kilogram of alfalfa NDF was greater (140.8 vs. 98.3 min; P < 0.01). More time was spent ruminating late- vs. early-cut forage (348 vs. 276 min d−1; P = 0.04). Results indicate that characteristics of grass and legume hays harvested at similar physiological stages of maturity have little effect on chewing behavior of cattle fed restricted amounts of DM. Despite similar times spent eating and ruminating, the effects of chewing vary with species of forage and stage of maturity. Key words: Cattle, mastication, rumination, forage quality
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Jain, Aparna, Hussein Ismail, Elizabeth Tobey, and Annabel Erulkar. "Stigma as a barrier to family planning use among married youth in Ethiopia." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932018000305.
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AbstractNearly 33 million female youths have an unmet need for voluntary family planning (FP), meaning they are sexually active and do not want to become pregnant. In Ethiopia, age at marriage remains low: 40% and 14% of young women aged 20–24 were married by the ages of 18 and 15, respectively. Despite increases in FP use by married 15- to 24-year-olds from 5% in 2000 to 37% in 2016, unmet need remains high at 19%. Supply-and-demand factors have been shown to limit FP use, yet little is known about how stigma influences FP use among youth. This study validates an anticipated stigma (expectation of discrimination from others) index and explores its effect on unmet need. A cross-sectional survey was implemented with 15- to 24-year-old female youth in Ethiopia in 2016. The analytic sample included married respondents with a demand (met and unmet need) for FP (n=371). A five-item anticipated stigma index (Cronbach’sα=0.66) was developed using principal component factor analysis. These items related to fear, worry and embarrassment when accessing FP. The findings showed that 30% agreed with at least one anticipated stigma question; 44% had an unmet need; 58% were married before age 18; and 100% could name an FP method and knew where to obtain FP. In multivariate regression models, youth who experienced anticipated stigma were significantly more likely to have an unmet need, and those who lived close to a youth-friendly service (YFS) site were significantly less likely to have an unmet need. Interventions should address anticipated stigma while focusing on social norms that restrict married youth from accessing FP; unmet need may be mitigated in the presence of a YFS; and the anticipated stigma index appears valid and reliable but should be tested in other countries and among different adolescent groups.
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Nguyen, Linh Chi, Thi Tuong Chau Ngo, Dinh Tao Nguyen, and Ngoc Diep Nguyen. "Evaluation of the quality of embryo based on morphology cultured at low oxygen concentration." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 63, no. 9 (September 25, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.63(9).22-25.
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Objectives: evaluating the quality of embryo morphology cultured at low oxygen concentration (5%) at different stages of embryonic development: day 3, day 5. Methods: the present study examined 168 IVF/ICSI cycles from October 2019 to February 2021 at the Assisted Reproductive Center, 16A Ha Dong General Hospital. Embryos were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group 1 used a K-system G-210 tri-gas incubator (Australia) (5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2) while group 2 used a Thermo Scientific 371 dual-gas incubator (Denmark) (5% CO2, 75% N2 with 20% atmospheric Oxygen concentration). Participants in the study were patients younger than 37 years old, with AMH>1.2 ng/ml, and AFC≥4. Mature oocytes were injected with sperm, and cultured in a sequential medium (G1,G2-PLUSTM). Embryologists assessed embryos on the day of fertilisation, days 3, 5, and compared the results of the two groups, using the method of descriptive statistics and T-test. The results revealed an insignificant difference in fertilisation rate and the quality of cleavages cultured in these 2 groups (percentages of good- and average quality cleavages were, in turn, 77.28±4.62% và 77.99±5.03%, at p>0.05, number of poor quality cleavages were, in turn, 1.71±0.38 vs 1.97±0.49 with p>0.05). The results on day 5 embryo showed that the percentage of blastocysts (from fertilisation) and the percentage of morphologically good- and average-quality blastocysts tended to increase higher when cultured in 5% oxygen concentration (p<0.05) compared with the 20% one (57.79±3.60% and 53.05±4.50%, 78.62±4.42% and 70.97±5.67%, respectively). Conclusions: embryo cultured in a low oxygen concentration helps embryos develop better on day 5 than when cultured at atmospheric concentrations
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Jung, Chang-Wook. "The Original Text and Translation of Luke 1:37." Journal of Biblical Text Research 13 (October 31, 2003): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2003.10.13.92.
Full text
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Jaeger, Peter. "Introduction to Stopping Time in Stochastic Finance Theory." Formalized Mathematics 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forma-2017-0010.
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Summary We start with the definition of stopping time according to [4], p.283. We prove, that different definitions for stopping time can coincide. We give examples of stopping time using constant-functions or functions defined with the operator max or min (defined in [6], pp.37–38). Finally we give an example with some given filtration. Stopping time is very important for stochastic finance. A stopping time is the moment, where a certain event occurs ([7], p.372) and can be used together with stochastic processes ([4], p.283). Look at the following example: we install a function ST: {1,2,3,4} → {0, 1, 2} ∪ {+∞}, we define: a. ST(1)=1, ST(2)=1, ST(3)=2, ST(4)=2. b. The set {0,1,2} consists of time points: 0=now,1=tomorrow,2=the day after tomorrow. We can prove: c. {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=0}=∅ & {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=1}={1,2} & {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=2}={3,4} and ST is a stopping time. We use a function Filt as Filtration of {0,1,2}, Σ where Filt(0)=Ωnow, Filt(1)=Ωfut1 and Filt(2)=Ωfut2. From a., b. and c. we know that: d. {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=0} in Ωnow and {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=1} in Ωfut1 and {w, where w is Element of Ω: ST.w=2} in Ωfut2. The sets in d. are events, which occur at the time points 0(=now), 1(=tomorrow) or 2(=the day after tomorrow), see also [7], p.371. Suppose we have ST(1)=+∞, then this means that for 1 the corresponding event never occurs. As an interpretation for our installed functions consider the given adapted stochastic process in the article [5]. ST(1)=1 means, that the given element 1 in {1,2,3,4} is stopped in 1 (=tomorrow). That tells us, that we have to look at the value f2(1) which is equal to 80. The same argumentation can be applied for the element 2 in {1,2,3,4}. ST(3)=2 means, that the given element 3 in {1,2,3,4} is stopped in 2 (=the day after tomorrow). That tells us, that we have to look at the value f3(3) which is equal to 100. ST(4)=2 means, that the given element 4 in {1,2,3,4} is stopped in 2 (=the day after tomorrow). That tells us, that we have to look at the value f3(4) which is equal to 120. In the real world, these functions can be used for questions like: when does the share price exceed a certain limit? (see [7], p.372).
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TRIM, N., L. HOLDEN-DYE, R. RUDDELL, and R. J. WALKER. "The effects of the peptides AF3 (AVPGVLRFamide) and AF4 (GDVPGVLRFamide) on the somatic muscle of the parasitic nematodes Ascaris suum and Ascaridia galli." Parasitology 115, no. 2 (August 1997): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001224.
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AF3 (AVPGVLRFamide) and AF4 (GDVPGVLRFamide) are endogenous RFamide-like peptides isolated from the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Here the actions of these peptides on the somatic musculature of Ascaris have been investigated and compared to the action of acetylcholine (ACh), the excitatory transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. ACh, AF3 and AF4 contracted muscle with EC50s of 13±1 μM, 24±6 nM and 37±2 nM, respectively (n=6). The muscle cells were depolarized by ACh (3 μM; 5·2±0·4 mV, n=42), AF3 (1 μM; 2·6±0·3 mV, n=19) and AF4 (1 μM; 3·3±0·4 mV, n=19). EC50s were 681±329 nM (AF3) and 901±229 nM (AF4), but an estimate could not be made for ACh due to muscle contraction at concentrations greater than 10 μM. The depolarization to 3 μM ACh was abolished by the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (10 μM; n=5) but the responses to the peptides were not (111±7% and 108±17% with respect to control; n=5). The depolarization elicited by ACh was reduced to a greater extent by a 50% reduction in extracellular Na+ concentration than the response to AF3 and AF4 (P<0·02). Cobalt was more effective at blocking the AF3 and AF4 depolarizations than those to ACh. These observations suggest that AF3 and AF4 contract Ascaris muscle without an action at the Ascaris nicotinic receptor. Furthermore, the ionic mechanism through which AF3 and AF4 depolarize Ascaris muscle is different from that for ACh. ACh, AF3 and AF4 were also found to contract Ascaridia galli somatic muscle with EC50s of 13±3 μM, 721±236 nM and 371±177 nM, respectively (n=7). The muscle cells were depolarized by ACh (EC50=14±5 μM, n=5), AF3 (EC50=5±3 μM, n=4) and AF4 (EC50=10±5 μM, n=4). Therefore the response to these peptides is not unique to Ascaris and they may subserve a functional role in the motor nervous system of parasitic nematodes.
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Dandachi, Dima, Bich Dang, and Thomas Giordano Giordano. "1042. The Attitude of Patients With HIV about Telehealth for Their HIV Care." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S550—S551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1228.
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Abstract Background The world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 that disrupted our healthcare system and the way we deliver healthcare. For people with HIV (PWH), the ability to be retained in care plays a critical role in improving health outcomes and in preventing HIV transmission. Several definitions exist for retention in care, but they are centered around outpatient clinic visits. It is now more important than ever to understand PWH’s attitudes about using telemedicine for HIV care instead of face-to face clinic visits. Methods We administered a one-time survey to PWH presenting to an outpatient HIV center in Houston, Texas, from February–June 2018. The survey items were used to assess PWH’s attitudes towards and concerns for telehealth and explanatory variables. Results 371 participants completed the survey; median age was 51, 36% were female, and 63% African-American. Overall, 57% of respondents were more likely to use telehealth for their HIV care if available, as compared to one-on-one in-person care, and 37% would use telehealth frequently or always as an alternative to clinic visits. Participants reported many benefits including ability to fit better their schedule, decreasing travel time, and privacy but expressed concerns about the ability to effective communication and examination and the safety of personal information. Factors associated with likelihood of using telehealth include personal factors (US-born, men who have sex with men, higher educational attainment, higher HIV-related stigma perception), HIV-related factors (long standing HIV), and structural factors (having difficulty attending clinic visits, not knowing about or not having the necessary technology). There was no association between participants with uncontrolled HIV, medication adherence, and likelihood of using telehealth. Survey items and response distribution Conclusion Telehealth programs for PWH can improve retention in care. A modification of the definition for retention in care, incorporating telehealth, should be considered. Availability and confidence using various telehealth technologies need to be addressed to increase acceptability and usage of telehealth among PWH. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Khatkov, I. E., V. V. Tsvirkun, R. E. Izrailov, O. S. Vasnev, P. S. Tyutyunnik, M. V. Mikhnevich, M. E. Baychorov, and A. V. Andrianov. "Laparoscopic interventions in the pancreas: an 11-year experience of a specialized center." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 46, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2018-466-640-647.
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Introduction:Due to anatomical and functional specifics of the pancreas, its surgery emerged somewhat later than that of other areas of abdominal surgery, i.e. in the last 25 to 30 years of the last century. Minimally invasive laparoscopic interventions on the pancreas are still used insufficiently.Aim: To evaluate an 11-year experience of various laparoscopic interventions in the pancreas accumulated by one surgical team.Materials and methods:From November 2007 to May 2018, 371 patients (153 male and 218 female) underwent various laparoscopic pancreatic procedures for cancers of the biliopancreatoduodenal zone (n = 260), benign pancreatic tumors (n = 37), and chronic pancreatitis (n = 74). We performed 245 laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenal resections, 52 laparoscopic distal resections (LDR), 35 laparoscopic Frey procedures (FP), 18 laparoscopic total duodenopancreatectomies, 8 laparoscopic longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies (LLPJ), 8 laparoscopic cystoenterostomies (LCE), 3 enucleations, and 2 Beger procedures (BP).Results:Laparoscopic gastropancreatoduodenal resection was performed in 197 (80.4%) cases and pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenal resection in 48 (19.6%) cases. The duration of the procedures was 412 ± 101 minutes, with blood loss volume of 220 ± 152 ml, and postoperative hospital stay of 19 ± 9 days. LDR was done laparoscopically in 50 (96.2%) patients; its duration was 228 ± 74 minutes, blood loss 40 ± 50 ml, and postoperative hospital stay 8 ± 5 days. FP, LLPJ, BP, and LCE were performed laparoscopically in 53 (93%) cases. FP lasted for 436 ± 95, LLPJ for 406 ± 82, BP for 585 ± 134, and LCE for 327 ± 90 minutes. The respective volumes of blood loos were 227 ± 217 mL in FP, 150 ± 156 mL in LLPJ, 175 ± 106 mL in BP, and 60 ± 90 mL in LCE. The postoperative hospital stay lasted for 8 ± 4 days after FP, 9 ± 7 days after LLPJ, 4.5 ± 0.7 days after BP, and 10 ± 9 days after LCE.Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery of the pancreas is associated with minimal blood loss, absence of wound infection, and more rapid patient activation and rehabilitation. Compliance with the necessary requirements to implementation of laparoscopic technologies in high-volume centers should improve surgical results.
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Markowitz, Norman, Beni Tidwell, Lois Lamerato, Susan Zelt, Ronald D’Amico, and Kathy Schulman. "Impact of Tablet Burden and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Choice on Virologic Outcomes in Treatment Naive HIV+ Individuals Attending an Inner City Clinic." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1083.
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Abstract Background The durability and effectiveness of single tablet regimens (STR) in treating ART naïve patients in real world, inner city settings, has not been well established. Methods Data was abstracted from administrative/medical records at Henry Ford Health System, serving metropolitan Detroit, for HIV+ patients initiating ART (1/1/2007–9/30/2015), who were enrolled in the Health Alliance Plan (HAP) or had ≥1 clinician contact per year and ≥1 viral load (VL)/CD4 test result ≤90 days prior to ART initiation. Patients were followed from initiation to first of: change in ART, death, HAP disenrollment, study end (03/31/2016), or lost to follow-up. Cox regression estimated impact of tablet burden on ART regimen duration, achievement of viral suppression (VS) and viral failure—(VF) failure to suppress plasma HIV RNA to <50 copies/mL or rebound after VS. Results Among 390 eligible patients, 79% were male, 74% African-American. Median (IQR) age was 37 years (27–47), 49% MSM and 22% presented with AIDS. The majority (65%) initiated on an STR; 35% on multiple tablet regimens (MTR). The majority of STR initiators (63%) began with EFV/FTC/TDF; 24% with EVG/c/FTC/TDF; and 8% with DTG/ABC/3TC. The most frequent MTR were DRV+RTV+TDF/FTC (26%) and ATV+RTV+TDF/FTC (20%). Median (IQR) log10 VL at baseline was 4.8 (4.3–5.2) in STR; 4.8 (4.4–5.4) in MTR cohorts. Median CD4 cells/µL (IQR) was 277 (115–407) in STR; 231 (37–371) in MTR. VL suppression occurred in 81% (85% STR, 74% MTR, P < 0.01) of patients and in 91% of INSTI regimens (91% STR, 90% MTR, P = 0.757).VF occurred in 19% (15% STR, 25% MTR, P = 0.015) and in 10% of INSTI regimens (9% STR, 13% MTR, 
P = 0.459). Resistance occurred in 15% of VF patients, predominantly with NNRTI mutations. A total of 22% of STR and 60% of MTR initiators experienced a change in their initial ART regimen (P < 0.0001). Cox model results suggest STR initiators were 59% less likely to experience regimen change (P < 0.0001), 46% less likely to experience VF (P < 0.05) and 30% more likely to achieve viral suppression (P < 0.05) compared with MTR initiators. Conclusion Inner city, HIV treatment naïve patients, initiating ART with a STR are significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression and less likely to experience a change in ART regimen. Disclosures B. Tidwell, ViiV Healthcare: Research Contractor, Research support; L. Lamerato, ViiV Healthcare: Collaborator, Research support; S. Zelt, ViiV Healthcare: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and Stock; R. D’Amico, ViiV Healthcare: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and Stock; K. Schulman, ViiV Healthcare: Research Contractor, Research support