Dissertations / Theses on the topic '3D Analyses'
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Bengtsson, Jonas, and Mikael Grönkvist. "Performing Geographic Information System Analyses on Building Information Management Models." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208922.
Full textI takt med den ökade användningen av både BIM och 3D-GIS inom samhällsbyggnadsprocessen har även intresset för att sammanföra de två verktygen blivit större. En möjlighet med integration är potentialen att visualisera BIM-modeller tillsammans med andra geografiska data i 3D. En annan är att kunna genomföra rumsliga 3D-analyser på modellerna. Båda dessa går att utföra med hjälp av GIS-programvara. Denna studie utforskar hur en integration mellan BIM och GIS kan se ut. Målet är att genomföra typiska GIS-analyser i 3D på BIM-modeller. Tidigare forskning pekar mot vissa framgångar inom området genom att arbeta med det utpekade standardformatet för respektive verktyg – IFC för BIM och CityGML för GIS. Transformation mellan formaten skedde med hjälp av programvarorna Revit, FME och ArcGIS. Ett par framhållna tillämpningar av GIS-analyser valdes ut för tester på de konverterade modellerna – nätverksanalyser inomhus, siktanalyser och rumsliga analyser för 3D-byggnader. Som indata användes flera olika BIM-modeller, både sådana som tillverkats för faktisk användning och modeller som skapats för att användas som exempeldata inom programvarorna. Utifrån resultaten från det praktiska arbetet kan konstateras att en enkel, automatiserad och fullskalig integration mellan verktygen verkar ligga en bit in i framtiden. De flesta transformationerna mellan IFC och CityGML misslyckades i någon aspekt, speciellt de mer detaljerade och komplexa. I vissa testfall kunde filen inte importeras i ArcGIS, i andra saknas eller existerar oväntade geometrier även om importen lyckats. Det finns också exempel där geometrier förflyttats. Som en konsekvens av dessa problem kunde de flesta 3D-analyser inte genomföras alls eller lyckades inte ge betydelsefulla resultat. Ett fåtal av de ursprungliga analyserna gav dock positiv utdelning. Att kombinera (felaktiga) CityGML-modeller med annan rumslig data fungerade förhållandevis väl ur ett visualiseringssyfte. Både skuggvolymsanalysen och framtagandet av siktlinjer från byggnaderna gav någorlunda korrekta resultat vilket indikerar att det kan finnas en framtid gällande de tillämpningarna. Hindren för en fullskalig integration som identifierades genom arbetet delades upp i fyra olika kategorier. Den första är BIM-användning där hög kvalitet på de skapade modellerna är viktigt för korrekta slutresultat. Den andra är detaljeringsgraden där avsaknaden av gemensamma definitioner för detaljeringsgraderna ställer till problem. Den tredje kategorin är koordinat- och referenssystem där en lösning på kopplingen mellan lokala och globala system redan kan finnas på plats i en av de senare utgåvorna av IFC-formatet. Den sista och största kategorin är problematiken kring just format och programvaror där mer arbete på översättningen mellan IFC och CityGML kommer att krävas. I framtiden finns det gott om arbete att göra med dessa olika problem. Det finns också potential att utveckla egna verktyg för integrationen eller att ägna sig åt att göra andra analyser än de som valdes ut i den här studien.
MARQUES, CLARISSA CODA DOS SANTOS CAVALCANTI. "REAL-TIME 3D ANIMATION WITH HARMONIC AND MODAL ANALYSES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21844@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Ainda hoje a animação de caracteres tridimensionais é um processo manual. Aplicações como jogos de computadores, ou capturas de movimentos para efeitos especiais em filmes requerem incessante intervenções do artista, que praticamente guia os movimentos a cada passo. Nesses exemplos as ferramentas disponíveis oferecem geralmente edição de detalhes, ou no espaço ou no tempo. Essa tese utiliza duas abordagens analíticas ao processo de animação: harmônica e modal, permitindo descrever movimentos com poucos controles. O resultado destas animações é mostrado em tempo real para o usuário graças às suas implementações na GPU. Em particular, permite escolher os parâmetros de controle através de galerias animadas em tempo real ou ainda usar as freqüências da música para guiar a animação.
Animation of three-dimensional characters is still a mostly manual process. Applications such as computer games and motion capture for special effects in movies require continuous intervention from the artist, who needs to guide the movement almost step by step. In such examples the available tools provide controls mainly over local details, either in space or in time. This thesis uses two analytical frameworks to deal with the process of animation: harmonic and modal analyses, allowing the description of movements with a reduced set of controls. A GPU implementation of the resulting animations allows for real-time rendering of those. In particular, it allows applications such as interactive control tuning through design galleries animated in real-time or three-dimensional music visualization. Particularly, it allows the choice of control parameters through the use of animated galleries in realtime and the use of music frequencies to guide the animation.
Ozel, Halil Firat. "Comparison Of The 2d And 3d Analyses Methods For Cfrds." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614814/index.pdf.
Full textokal Dam is the case study which is a CFRD located in northwest Turkey at the Thracian Peninsula. Rockfill interface and faceplate were simulated as nonlinear modulus of elasticity, detailed nonlinear tractive behavior and total strain rotating crack model, respectively. These behaviors were calibrated to define the exact behavior by detailed material tests. The analyses that cannot be done by 2D analyses, such as stress, crack width distribution along the face slab are conducted by 3D analyses to determine the necessity of these outcomes. Since effect of valley ends cannot be produced by 2D analyses, it is necessary to check 3D analyses to ensure liability of the results. Another comparison between detailed analysis of 2D models and linear elastic 2D models were covered to get practical and industrial solutions for the guiding methods of CFRDs for preliminary designs in this study.
Deng, Cheng. "Analyses conformationnelles de nouveaux systèmes organisés biomimétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0247/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis deals with the structural studies of a new generation of oligomers, so called foldamers, constructed from pseudopeptidic mimics and able to adopt determined secondary structures. Three families of oligomers were investigated. For each oligomer several spectroscopic methods have been used combined with molecular modeling in order to characterize their structural properties. The first family was studied in collaration with the group of Muriel Amblard and Monique Calmès at IBMM in Montpellier. We have evaluated the structural properties of the motif (S)-ABOC. Several oligomers of varying sizes were synthesized and we have shown that the pattern (S)-ABOC, when introduced into a peptide sequence, is capable of generating beta turn. The sequence of these turn leads to the formation of helices, which, according to associated pseudo-peptide patterns shows different characteristics. The second project discussed the conformation of oligomers family formed from constrainted thiazole monomers. We have shown that this pattern developed by Ludovic Maillard at IBMM in Montpellier adopted pseudocycles C9 which led to helices. THis property was observed starting from the tetramer. The third family of oligomers comes from the LCPM, alternating oligomers of alpha amino acids and aza amino acids, in which the alpha carbon has been replaced by a nitrogen atom. We showed that the pattern aza induces folding of the beta turn, facilitating the cyclization of the molecule. In this thesis we have characterized the properties to self-structuring of three families of pseudopeptide foldamers by combining experimental results from nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction combined with molecular modeling calculations. Our study lists the properties of each pattern to form secondary structure elements and to induce the formation of foldamers
Penlap, Woguia Lucien. "Analyses par faisceaux d'ions de structures tridimensionnelles (3D) pour des applications en nanotechnologie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY015/document.
Full textWith the aim of optimizing the performances of integrated circuits (ICs), the nanotechnology industry is carrying out intense research activities on the miniaturization at the sub-22 nm scale of their main constituents: the MOS transistors. Nevertheless, the shrinking of the gate size has reached the limits that make the control of the channel problematic. One of the most promising approaches to circumvent this dilemma and thus further the miniaturization of the future technological nodes, is the development of transistors of 3D architecture (Trigate or FinFET). The elaboration of such nanostructures requires increasingly fine characterization tools precisely at a key stage of their fabrication, namely the ion implantation doping. Given the ultra-shallow implantation depths, the medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) analysis technique is suitable for quantifying the implants and evaluating the doping conformity thanks to its good depth resolution (0.25 nm). However, the dimensions of the beam (0.5×1 mm2) being by far larger than those of the patterns, we had to develop an analysis protocol dedicated to such architectures. The samples studied in the framework of this thesis are considered as model systems. They are constituted of 3D silicon (Si) Fin – shaped line gratings, etched on the 300 mm wafers of silicon on insulator (SOI) types by using the electron beam (e-beam) lithography. The doping has been carried out at an energy of 3 keV by using the conventional (or beam line) and plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) methods.The analyses s of the MEIS spectra of the dopants implanted into each part of the patterns were possible thanks to the 3D Monte-Carlo simulations performed with the PowerMEIS software. We have thus developed a new method suitable for the characterization of the 3D doping. The measurements have shown that, contrarily to the PIII method, the dose implanted by the conventional method is as targeted. However, the distribution of the dopants inserted within the nanostructures by using the two doping methods is not uniform. In the PIII implanted samples, a large dopants' focusing at the tops of the patterns and low sidewalls' doping have been observed. This is less marked in the one implanted by the conventional method. By correlating the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), synchrotron x – ray analyses and MEIS, we have also determined the dimensions of the implanted and crystal areas of the line gratings.The exploitation of the MEIS technique in channeling mode has permitted the full assessment of the impacts of the implantation in the non-etched layers. The investigations of the crystal qualities in the non-implanted areas were carried out with the same technique. The results show that the temperature conditions have a considerable influence on the defects and lattice deformations. The origin of the anomalies in the samples has thus been identified by correlating the MEIS and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) measurements
Arokia, Lourdu Marshall Arokia. "Simplification of 3d cooled turbine blade models for efficient dynamic analyses." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140603.
Full textMelarkode, Vattekatte Akhila. "3D structures of camelid antibodies : in-silico analyses, prediction and their dynamics." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0020.
Full textAntibodies are the new blockbusters for drug design. Camelid antibodies, namely VHH domains are projected to be the next generation therapeutics and diagnostics. To improve our knowledge on VHHs, it is essential to have a better view on the sequence, structure and dynamics relationships to improve their affinity and stability. In a first-step a deep analysis of the sequence and the structure of VHHs are done using classical approaches, but also a structural alphabet named Protein Blocks. In a second step, the sequence-structure relationship of these domains is assessed looking at diverse sequence and structures conservations. In a third step, the specificity and difficulty to obtain pertinent structural models are underlined using different approaches, showing unexpected results. Next, the largest scale Molecular dynamic simulations of VHH had been done and shown a large variety in the behaviours of VHH domains dynamics. Finally, the thesis is wrapped up listing significant conclusions from the above chapters and with future perspectives
Wang, Lehua. "Elastoplastic analyses of multiple cracks in thin sheets, and of elliptical cracks in 3D bodies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11781.
Full textMonge-Sanz, Beatriz Marina. "Stratospheric transport and chemical parameterisations in ECMWF analyses: Evaluation and improvements using a 3D CTM." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493779.
Full textAlloing-Séguier, Léanie. "Modélisation de la microstructure de l’émail des mammifères : analyses 2D + 3D et approche Évo-Dévo." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20191.
Full textI approached enamel microstructure's morphology and modes of formation with a dual angle, combining paleontological and cellular biology observations, in 2D and 3D. Studying microstructure of extinct and extant Cetartiodactyla in a phylogenetic context, I discovered that some enamel characters are more likely to evolve and change than others, which is linked to different developmental constrains. I also explored microstructure through the relationship between enamel prisms and ameloblasts, the enamel-secreting cells, showing that the arrangement of the cells is directly associated with the prisms'. Then, combining these data, I constructed a model of mammalian enamel microstructure based on 2D and 3D observations and suggested underlying cellular mechanisms, and created a new software dedicated to enamel reconstruction, Simulémail, based on this model. It helped to show that microstructure is not always created the same way for different mammals, and allowed to explore enamel characters efficiently
Chaurasia, Gaurav. "Algorithmes et analyses perceptuelles pour la navigation interactive basée image." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976621.
Full textUnlu, Guliz. "Analysis Of Corner Effects On In-situ Walls Supporting Deep Excavations: Comparison Of Plane Strain And Three Dimensional Analyses." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610153/index.pdf.
Full textankaya trade center and residence and, ii) Ekol construction are analyzed using calibrated models. Calibrations of the models are made using inclinometer data. In hypothetical models, it is found that corner effects on deflections diminish after 20m distance from the corner for excavations that are 8m and 12m deep. Corner effects on deflection decrease as elastic modulus of soil or stiffness of the system increase. Moment diagram pattern changes along the excavation side in cantilever case study. Moment diagram obtained around a corner in 3D analysis and diagrams obtained from the plane strain analyses by modeling the corner as a strut are quite similar. The anchor loads increase until 10-15m distance from the corner. After this distance they become nearly constant. In the analysis of case histories, a trial error solution is adopted to fit the deformed shape of piled wall obtained from 3D analysis to the deformations recorded by inclinometers. These results are compared with the results of plane strain analyses. Ankara-Ç
ankaya project is solved by modeling the corner as strut in plane strain analyses. Results of this analyze agrees with field monitoring data, indicating that corner effects could be simulated by modeling the perpendicular pile wall as a strut in plane strain analysis.
Dietrich, Sascha, H. Schulz, K. Hauch, K. Schladitz, M. Godehardt, J. Orlik, and D. Neusius. "3D Image Based Structural Analysis of Leather for Macroscopic Structure- Property Simulation - 226." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34193.
Full textVlad, Raluca Ioana. "Une méthode pour l'évaluation de la qualité des images 3D stéréoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925280.
Full textNodé-Langlois, Laurent. "Analyses tridimensionnelles des déviations angulaires des axes du membre inférieur, en pre per et postoperatoire." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0021.
Full textWen, Sihua. "Thermal and Thermo-Mechanical Analyses of Wire Bond vs. Three-dimensionally Packaged Power Electronics Modules." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30823.
Full textMaster of Science
Luciani, Xavier. "Analyse numérique des spectres de fluorescence 3D issus de mélanges non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287255.
Full textPlewa, Joseph-Marie. "Simulation 3D d'une décharge couronne pointe-plan, dans l'air : calcul haute performance, algorithmes de résolution de l'équation de Poisson et analyses physiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30184/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the three dimensional (3D) simulation of streamer corona discharges in air at atmospheric pressure using high-performance parallel computing. When a pulsed high-voltage is applied between a tip and a plane in air, the strong electric field lines constricted around the tip induce the simultaneous propagation of several streamers leading to a corona discharge with a tree structure. Only a true 3D electro-hydrodynamics simulation is able to reproduce this branching and to provide the orders of magnitude of the local deposited energy and the concentration of the species created during the discharge phase. However, such a 3D simulation which requires large computational memory and huge time calculation is nowadays accessible only when performed with massively parallel computation. In the field of 3D electro-hydrodynamics simulations, a special attention must be paid to the efficiency of solvers in solving 3D elliptic equations because their contribution can exceed 80% of the global computation time. Therefore, a specific chapter is devoted to test the performance of iterative and direct methods (such as SOR R&B, BiCGSTAB and MUMPS) in solving elliptic equations, using the massively parallel computation and the MPI library. The calculations are performed on the supercomputer EOS of the CALMIP network, with a number of computing cores and meshes increasing up to respectively 1800 and 8003 (i.e. more than 1/2 Billion meshes). The performances are compared for the calculation of the geometric potential and in a dynamic simulation conditions consisting in the propagation of an analytical space charge density characteristic of the streamers. To perform a complete 3D simulation of the streamer discharge, must also involve a robust algorithm able to solve the coupled conservation equations of the charged particle density with very sharp gradients characteristic of the streamers. In this manuscript, the MUSCL algorithm is tested under different propagation conditions of a cubic density (with uniform or non-uniform velocity field). The 3D code, designed to solve the complete electro-hydrodynamics model of the discharge (coupling the conservation equations, the Poisson equation and the chemical kinetics) is validated by comparing the 3D and 2D results in a simulation conditions presenting a rotational symmetry around the propagation axis of a mono-filamentary streamer. Finally, the first results of the 3D simulations of the discharge phase with the propagation of one or several asymmetric streamers are presented and analyzed. These simulations allow to follow the tree structure of a corona discharge when a pulsed voltage is applied between a tip and a plane. The ignition of the tree structure is studied as a function of the initial position of the plasma spots
Uwizeye, Clarisse. "Approches quantitatives d’imagerie pour explorer les cellules photosynthétiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV043.
Full textPhytoplankton is the group of photosynthetic microorganisms (microalgae and cyanobacteria) living in suspension in marine and fresh waters. Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton produce large amounts of the oxygen essential for marine and terrestrial life. Marine microalgae are also promising organisms for biotechnological applications (human and animal food, biofuels). Because of their ecological and economic importance, the study of the phytoplankton responses to environmental challenged (including the ones induced by human activity and global warming) is a developing field of research. Phytoplankton activity is influenced by changes in the vertical stratification of the water column, which modulate light energy availability as well as nutrient supply to phytoplankton cells in a temperature-dependent manner. Based on light and nutrient availability, phytoplankton cells have evolved different lifestyles: autotrophy (photosynthetic activity), mixotrophy (simultaneous use of photosynthesis and respiration of exogenous carbon sources for growth) and photosymbiosis (symbiotic interactions with animal cells).In this thesis, I have studied the physiological responses of phytoplankton cells to environmental changes at the cellular and subcellular levels. To achieve this goal, I have developed a complete imaging workflow to perform quantitative morphometric analyses of entire algal cells, representatives of ecologically-successful and laboratory-model microalgal species. The protocol starts with FIB-SEM (Focused Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy) or SBF-SEM (Serial Block Facing – Scanning Electron Microscopy), to acquire high-resolution images. By implementing the 3D image analysis protocol, it is possible to obtained high-resolution whole cells models in three dimensions, suitable to perform quantitative analyses. Thanks to these tools, I have been able to image the adaptation of phytoplankton to various environmental conditions: i. changes in the size and morphology of plastids and mitochondria during light acclimation in diatoms, ii. changes in organelles interaction during nutrient acclimation in Nannochloropsis, iii. morphological changes occurring during photosymbiosis in Phaeocystis.Overall, this work reveals several scenarios of phytoplankton acclimation at both the cellular and subcellular levels. I have also validated the use of this protocol in plants in a study on chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. of plastids
Lu, Lei. "Clarification of saline groundwater system in sedimentary rock area by geostatistical analyses of drilling investigation data." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199290.
Full textDAMASCENO, CRISTIANE SILVA ROCHA. "GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMECHANICS MODELLING 3D AND STABILITY ANALYSES 2D OF THE SLOPES OF THE MORRO DA MINA MINE, CONSELHEIRO LAFAIETE, MG, BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12068@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O trabalho propõe uma metodologia para elaboração de modelos geológicos e geomecânicos (3D) e realização de análises de estabilidade (2D)de taludes rochosos de minas a céu aberto, com base nos dados da mina de Morro da Mina, fornecidos pela empresa VALE, a qual esta pertence. A metodologia está dividida em duas etapas: modelagem e análises de estabilidade. Para a modelagem, foi utilizado o software Petrel 2004, que oferece ferramentas geoestatísticas, possibilitando a extrapolação das informações geotécnicas pontuais c`, fi, RQD, Q e RMR, obtidas por meio de testemunhos de sondagem, para o maciço inteiro. Utilizou-se a técnica de Krigagem Ordinária. O modelo gerado representou bem a distribuição destas propriedades no espaço. Na etapa de análise de estabilidade, foram utilizadas seções resultantes da modelagem geomecânica. Dois tipos de análises foram realizados: análises cinemáticas, com utilização do software Dips, da Rocscience, e análises por equilíbrio limite dos taludes globais e das bancadas, utilizando-se o software Slide 5.0, também da Rocscience. No primeiro tipo, realizado com dois conjuntos de mapeamentos diferentes, foi constatado que as bancadas devem receber bastante atenção nesta mina, e no segundo tipo, foi verificada a segurança quanto à ruptura circular das bancadas e taludes globais, porém recentemente ocorreu uma ruptura em um dos locais analisados. Os programas RocData 4.0 e RocProp, ambos da Rocscience, foram utilizados para estimar os parâmetros de resistência de Mohr-Coulomb, e os softwares AutoCAD 2004 e Microsoft Office Excel auxiliaram na preparação dos arquivos de entrada no Petrel 2004 e no Slide 5.0.
This work presents a methodology to develop geological and geomechanic models (3D) and to carry out stability analyses (2D) of rock slopes of open pit mine, based on data of Morro da Mina mine, provided by the mining company VALE. The methodology is divided in two stages: modelling and stability analyses. For the modelling, the software Petrel 2004, which allows the use of geostatistical tools, was used, being possible the spatial distribution of geotechnical information, obtained from borehole cores, for the whole rock mass. The technique of Ordinary Kriging was used. The modeled properties were the following: c`, fi, RQD, Q e RMR. The generated model represented well the spatial distribution of these properties. The stability analyses were carried out using 2D sections and the necessary rock mass parameters were obtained from the geomechanical model. Two types of analyses were carried out: kinematic analyses, with use of the software Dips, from Rocscience, and limit equilibrium analyses of the global slopes and the benches, where the software Slide 5.0, also from Rocscience was used. The Kinematic analyses, carried out considering two sets of joint orientations, suggested that the benches have to receive enough attention in this mine, and the limit equilibrium analyses for circular failure of the benches and global slopes indicated high factors of safety. However, before this work initiating a failure already had happened in one of the sections analyzed. The programs RocData 4.0 and RocProp, both from Rocscience, were used to estimate the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters, and the programs AutoCAD 2004 and Microsoft Office Excel helped at the development of the input files in the Petrel 2004 and Slide 5.0.
Ding, Yang. "Analyse morphologique de la microstructure 3D de réfractaires électrofondus à très haute teneur en zircone : relations avec les propriétés mécaniques, chimiques et le comportement pendant la transformation quadratique-monoclinique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00743511.
Full textGariani, Gianluca. "Déchiffrer les matériaux, l'origine, et les procédés de fabrication des "Madonne di gesso" : étude technique de reliefs en stuc des maitres sculpteurs de la Renaissance Italienne." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1027.
Full textThe production of devotional reliefs flourished in 15th century Florence, where original marble models from Renaissance Masters were moulded to be reproduced in series. Among the materials mostly used to this purpose was the so-called “stucco”. Despite the wide diffusion of stucco reliefs, details concerning their constitutive materials and manufacturing processes are fragmentary and poorly studied. In the framework of a multidisciplinary project fostered by the Louvre Museum, this thesis explored three research lines in order to: 1) identify and characterise stucco mineral constituents; 2) determine raw material provenance; 3) investigate manufacturing techniques and serial casting processes.A multi-analytical approach was devised to investigate composition (SEM-EDX, PIXE, LA-ICP-MS) and structure (XRD, FEG-SEM, SµCT) of micro samples obtained from 30 representative artworks attributed to 7 Florentine Masters.Results showed that all the artworks are made of a gypsum based stucco (40-44 wt% CaO and 52-56 wt% SO3) with secondary mineral phases (anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, celestine and clay minerals) in few weight percentage maximum.PIXE and LA-ICP MS trace elements analyses, the study of W/P ratio and pores morphology by SEM-EDX and SµCT, pointed out that about 20 reliefs present similar compositional and structural parameters. This confirms the hypothesis of common practices and of a common production centre according to the Florentine attribution of the artworks.A geological survey was performed in 3 quarries in the surroundings of Florence and the provenance of the raw gypsum was investigated by means of geochemical and isotopic composition. In particular synsedimentary clay minerals with variable amounts of K, Mg and Fe, related trace elements (e.g. Ti and REE), and multi isotopic fingerprint (S, O, Sr) have been tested as provenance markers. Usefulness and pitfalls of the approach were verified through a first promising comparison with data obtained on stucco reliefs. Miocene quarries seems to have compatible signature with the ones measured on artworks.Nonetheless, small differences related both to accessory minerals proportions, to trace element contents, and to pores microstructures suggest that some of the stucco reliefs after models of Donatello and A. Rossellino might have been produced following different practices or particularly by using different raw materials. These evidences, corroborated by the activity of these artists in many Italian regions, raise the hypothesis of the production of these casts outside the Florentine area.In parallel, THz-TDI, Xray radiography and Computed Tomography were tested for the non-invasive investigation of the internal stratigraphy of plaster layers possibly revealing different manufacturing techniques.Finally, serial manufacturing techniques were investigated on 3 groups of replicas belonging to 3 models after Donatello & B. Bellano, D. da Settignano and A. Rossellino. Structured light 3D scanner and mesh comparison of the 3D models obtained on stucco casts proved to be a very useful tool. The method allowed to measure millimetric differences of shapes and topography among reliefs stored at the Louvre, Bargello and Bardini Museum. This helped to find direct correlations between casts, to verify which ones were most likely produced with the same mould, and to propose a chronology within the same casting series.Results obtained disclosed new and important insights on the practices of 15th century Florentine botteghe and on the manufacturing of these artworks. This work and the large set of data produced will also provide solid basis for further investigations and will hopefully prompt interest on this topic worth to be studied with increased attention
Lisboa, Juliana da Costa. "Estudo comparativo de diferentes mini-implantes utilizados para mesialização de segundo molar inferior : análise por elementos finitos 3d /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155952.
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A perda do primeiro molar é uma situação comum na rotina do consultório e com isso surgem alternativas de tratamento para reabilitação, sendo uma delas, o fechamento de espaço através da mesialização do segundo molar. O uso de mini- implante proporciona ancoragem máxima, costuma ser bem tolerado pelo paciente e se destaca pela facilidade de instalação e remoção, apresentando dessa maneira desempenho clínico bastante favorável. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a distribuição de tensões em modelo que simula a mesialização de molar inferior utilizando diferentes tipos de mini-implantes. Embasado no método dos elementos finitos foi obtido modelo ósseo de mandíbula por recomposição de uma tomografia computadorizada realizada pelo software Invesalius (CTI, São Paulo, Brasil). O desenho do segundo molar foi obtido por técnica de recomposição tomográfica. Elementos de ancoragem auto-perfurantes da marca Neodent e também auto-rosqueantes da marca Titanium Fix foram desenhados e modelados por ferramenta de revolução do perfil desenhado no software Rhinoceros 3D, inseridos ao bloco ósseo e então submetidos a cargas de 200 cN. Os resultados foram calculados e analisados pelo programa Ansys 17.0 para verificação por meio da análise de mapas de deslocamento e tensões máximas principais, principalmente do osso cortical e indicaram que, dentro do modelo experimental, o ligamento periodontal apresentou valores baixos de tensão máxima principal, porém dentro dos valores fisiológicos para prover a movimentação, com visualização de áreas de compressão e de tração com escala entre 0,1 a -0,1 MPa. Concluiu-se que a carga testada permite a deslocamento dentário porém com tendência a giroversão.
The loss of the first molar is a common situation in the routine of the dentist and with this treatment alternatives for rehabilitation arises, one of them being the closure of space through the mesialization of the second molar. The use of mini-implants provides maximum anchorage, is well tolerated by the patient and stands out for ease installation and removal, thus presenting a very favorable clinical performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in a model that simulates the inferior molar mesialization using different types of mini- implants. Based on the finite element method, a mandible bone model was obtained by recomposing a computerized tomography performed by invesalius software (CTI, São Paulo, Brazil). The second molar design was obtained by a technique similar to the tomographic recomposition. Neodent self-piercing anchoring elements and also Titanium Fix self-piercing anchors were designed and modeled by a revolution tool in the Rhinoceros 3D software, inserted into the bone block and then subjected to loads of up to 200 cN. The results were calculated and analyzed by the Ansys 17.0 program for verification by means of the analysis of displacement maps and main maximum stresses, mainly of the cortical bone and indicated that, within the experimental model, the periodontal ligament presented low values of main maximum tension, however within the physiological values to provide the movement, with visualization of areas of compression and traction with scale between 0.1 and -0.1 MPa. It was concluded that the load tested allows dental displacement but with a tendency to gyroversion.
Chaurasia, Gaurav. "Algorithmes et analyses perceptuelles pour la navigation interactive basé image." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979913.
Full textCalandra, Ivan [Verfasser], and Thomas M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaiser. "Tribology of dental enamel facets of Ungulates and Primates (Mammalia) : Tracing tooth-food interaction through 3D enamel microtexture analyses / Ivan Calandra. Betreuer: Thomas M. Kaiser." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020930101/34.
Full textRippen, Daniel Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Brian [Akademischer Betreuer] Horsfield. "Oil and gas shales of Northern Germany : implications from organic geochemical analyses, petrophysical measurements and 3D numerical basin modelling / Daniel Rippen ; Ralf Littke, Brian Horsfield." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1130327094/34.
Full textRajput, Muhammad Asif Ali [Verfasser], Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Hellwich, Olaf [Gutachter] Hellwich, Anko [Gutachter] Börner, and Reinhard [Gutachter] Koch. "A regularized fusion based 3D reconstruction framework : analyses, methods and applications / Muhammad Asif Ali Rajput ; Gutachter: Olaf Hellwich, Anko Börner, Reinhard Koch ; Betreuer: Olaf Hellwich." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169210406/34.
Full textBernal, García Álvaro. "Development of a 3D Modal Neutron Code with the Finite Volume Method for the Diffusion and Discrete Ordinates Transport Equations. Application to Nuclear Safety Analyses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/112422.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is the development of a Modal Method to solve two equations: the Neutron Diffusion Equation and the Discrete Ordinates Neutron Transport Equation. Moreover, this method uses the Finite Volume Method to discretize the spatial variables. The solution of these equations gives the neutron flux, which is related to the power produced in nuclear reactors; thus, the neutron flux is a paramount variable in Nuclear Safety Analyses. On the one hand, the use of Modal Methods is justified because one uses them to perform instability analyses in nuclear reactors. On the other hand, it is worth using the Finite Volume Method because one uses it to solve thermalhydraulic equations, which are strongly coupled with the energy generation in the nuclear fuel. First, this thesis defines the equations mentioned above and the main methods to solve these equations. Furthermore, the thesis describes the major schemes and features of the Finite Volume Method. In addition, the author also introduces the major methods used in the Modal Method, which include the methods used to solve the eigenvalue problem, as well as those used to solve the time dependent Ordinary Differential Equations. Next, the author develops several algorithms of the Finite Volume Method applied to the Steady State Neutron Diffusion Equation. In addition, the thesis includes an improvement of the multigroup formulation, which solves problems involving upscattering and fission terms in several energy groups. Moreover, the author optimizes the algorithms to do calculations with parallel computing. The previous solution is used as initial condition to solve the time dependent Neutron Diffusion Equation. The author uses a Modal Method to do so, which transforms the Ordinary Differential Equations System into a smaller system that is solved by using the Exponential Matrix Method. Furthermore, the author developed a computationally efficient method to estimate the adjoint flux from the forward one, because the Modal Method uses the adjoint flux. Additionally, the thesis also presents an algorithm to solve the eigenvalue problem of the Neutron Transport Equation. This algorithm uses the Discrete Ordinates formulation and the Finite Volume Method. In particular, the author uses two types of quadratures for the Discrete Ordinates and two interpolation schemes for the Finite Volume Method. Finally, the author tested the developed methods in different types of nuclear reactors, including commercial ones. The author checks the accuracy of the values of the crucial variables in Nuclear Safety Analyses, which are the multiplication factor and the power distribution. Furthermore, the thesis includes a sensitivity analysis of several parameters, such as the mesh and numerical methods. In conclusion, excellent results are reported in both accuracy and computational cost.
El principal objectiu d'esta tesi és el desenvolupament d'un Mètode Modal per a resoldre dos equacions: l'Equació de Difusió de Neutrons i la de les Ordenades Discretes del Transport de Neutrons. A més a més, este mètode està basat en el Mètode de Volums Finits per a discretitzar les variables espacials. La solució d'estes equacions proporcionen el flux de neutrons, que està relacionat amb la potència que es produïx en els reactors nuclears; per tant, el flux de neutrons és un factor fonamental en els Anàlisis de Seguretat Nuclear. Per una banda, la utilització del Mètode Modal està justificada per a realitzar anàlisis d'inestabilitats en reactors. Per altra banda, l'ús del Mètode de Volums Finits està justificat per l'ús d'este mètode per a resoldre les equacions termohidràuliques, que estan fortament acoblades amb la generació d'energia en el combustible nuclear. En primer lloc, esta tesi inclou la definició d'estes equacions i els principals mètodes utilitzats per a resoldre-les. A més d'això, s'introduïxen els principals esquemes i característiques del Mètode de Volums Finits. Endemés, es descriuen els principals mètodes numèrics per al Mètode Modal, que inclou tant la solució del problema d'autovalors com la solució d'Equacions Diferencials Ordinàries dependents del temps. A continuació, es desenvolupa diversos algoritmes del Mètode de Volums Finits per a l'Estat Estacionari de l'Equació de Difusió de Neutrons. Es conseguix desenvolupar una formulació multigrup, que permetre resoldre el problema d'autovalors per a qualsevol nombre de grups d'energia, incloent termes d' upscattering i de fissió en diversos grups d'energia. A més a més, es desenvolupen els algoritmes per a realitzar la computació en paral·lel. La solució anterior és la condició inicial per a resoldre l'Equació de Difusió de Neutrons dependent del temps. En esta tesi s'utilitza un Mètode Modal, que transforma el Sistema d'Equacions Diferencials Ordinàries en un problema de menor tamany, que es resol amb el Mètode de la Matriu Exponencial. Endemés, s'ha desenvolupat un mètode ràpid per a estimar el flux adjunt a partir del directe, perquè es necessita en el Mètode Modal. Per altra banda, s'ha desenvolupat un algoritme que resol el problema d'autovalors de l'Equació de Transport de Neutrons. Este algoritme és per a la formulació d'Ordenades Discretes i el Mètode de Volums Finits. En concret, s'han aplicat dos tipos de quadratures per a les Ordenades Discretes i dos esquemes d'interpolació per al Mètode de Volums Finits. Finalment, s'han aplicat estos mètodes a diversos tipos de reactors nuclears, incloent reactors comercials. S'han avaluat els valor de la constat de multiplicació i de la potència, perquè són variables fonamentals en els Anàlisis de Seguretat Nuclear. Endemés, s'ha realitzat un anàlisi de sensibilitat de diversos paràmetres com la malla i mètodes numèrics. En conclusió, es conseguix obtenir excel·lents resultats, tant en precisió com en cost computacional.
Bernal García, Á. (2018). Development of a 3D Modal Neutron Code with the Finite Volume Method for the Diffusion and Discrete Ordinates Transport Equations. Application to Nuclear Safety Analyses [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/112422
TESIS
Wang, Long. "Etude de l’influence de la microstructure sur les mécanismes d’endommagement dans des alliages Al-Si de fonderie par des analyses in-situ 2D et 3D." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0004/document.
Full textAn experimental protocol was developed in this thesis in order to study the influence of casting microstructure on the fatigue behavior in Lost Foam Casting Al-Si alloys in tension and in Low Cycle Fatigue at room temperature. First of all, the microstructures of studied alloys were thoroughly characterized both in 2D and in 3D. The most suitable and representative specimens and Region of Interest (ROIs) where the in-situ monitoring was performed were selected through a preliminary characterization using X-ray tomography, which is also necessary to understand damage mechanisms after failure. In-situ observations performed on surface using Questar long distance microscope and in volume using X-ray tomography allow following cracks initiations and their propagations and thus allow identifying the relation between damage mechanisms and casting microstructure. 2D/3D displacement and strain fields measured using Digital Image Correlation and Digital Volume Correlation allows analyzing the relation between measured fields and damage mechanisms. Postmortem analysis and FEM simulation gave more information for the damage mechanisms. Large pores favor crack initiation as they strongly increase local stress level. Hard inclusions (Si phase, iron intermetallics and copper containing phases) also play an important role in crack initiation and propagation due to strain localizations at these inclusions
Giachetti, Thomas. "Etudes texturales en 2D et 3D des produits des explosions vulcaniennes du volcan Soufrière Hills, 1997 (Montserrat)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463901.
Full textBEN, HASSINE MOHAMED SALAH. "Contribution a la modelisation electromagnetique 3d par element finis dans le domaine temporel avec condensation de masse / application au couplage onde structure et aux analyses de cem rayonnee." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112196.
Full textCengiz, Mahir Cihan. "Software Development For Man-machine Interface For An Industrial Robot." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1059005/index.pdf.
Full textGhasabyan, Levon. "Use of Serpent Monte-Carlo code for development of 3D full-core models of Gen-IV fast-spectrum reactors and preparation of group constants for transiet analyses with PARCS/TRACE coupled system." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118072.
Full textKaiser, Adrien. "Analyse de scène temps réel pour l'interaction 3D." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT025/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the problem of visual scene analysis captured by commodity depth sensors to convert their data into high level understanding of the scene. It explores the use of 3D geometry analysis tools on visual depth data in terms of enhancement, registration and consolidation. In particular, we aim to show how shape abstraction can generate lightweight representations of the data for fast analysis with low hardware requirements. This last property is important as one of our goals is to design algorithms suitable for live embedded operation in e.g., wearable devices, smartphones or mobile robots. The context of this thesis is the live operation of 3D interaction on a mobile device, which raises numerous issues including placing 3D interaction zones with relation to real surrounding objects, tracking the interaction zones in space when the sensor moves and providing a meaningful and understandable experience to non-expert users. Towards solving these problems, we make contributions where scene abstraction leads to fast and robust sensor localization as well as efficient frame data representation, enhancement and consolidation. While simple geometric surface shapes are not as faithful as heavy point sets or volumes to represent observed scenes, we show that they are an acceptable approximation and their light weight makes them well balanced between accuracy and performance
Riera, Elisabeth. "Vers une construction raisonnée d’une nouvelle génération de récifs artificiels : Analyses comparatives des facteurs intrinsèques favorisant leur colonisation de la micro à la macro-échelle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4001.
Full textArtificial reefs are submerged structures deliberately placed on the seabed to mimic some characteristics of a natural habitat, they have been used for thousands of years by fishermen to improve their fishing practices and recently they are also used for the protection or even the restoration of certain marine habitats. Despite these various objectives, there is still a lack of scientific fundaments for determining the quality of these submerged structures in order to assess their effectiveness. The present works, focused on the study of their intrinsic characteristics, namely their materials and their structures. A combined monitoring of the biofilm and the macrofouling on different substrates, supplemented by an analysis of their heavy metal content allowed to highlight the quality of certain substrates used for the construction of artificial reefs. Simple monitoring of the biofilm has proven to be an efficient indicator for highlighting these differences to validate the use of a particular substrate.In addition, the development of a method to assess the complexity and heterogeneity of artificial reefs has enabled us to give a relevant classification of the various existing structures. This standardized method will allow to assess in situ the influence of structural parameters of artificial reefs on recruitment, abundance, distribution and/or diversity. A first study at the microscopic scale revealed the influence of substrate structure on both the abundance of biofilm and the photosynthetic activity of these communities.A more precise scientific framework is now available to guide the construction of artificial reefs on the choice of materials and the design of artificial reef structures in order to optimize the effectiveness of artificial reef immersion project
Chykeyuk, Kiryl. "Analysis of 3D echocardiography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:823cd243-5d48-4ecc-90e7-f56d49145be8.
Full textMünch, Beat. "3D-Analyse von Knietomogrammen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9459.
Full textWang, Jinnian. "Caractérisation des sols par l'analyse d'images hyperspectrales en télédétection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4051/document.
Full textHyperspectral remote sensing has been used successfully to identify and map abundances and compositional difference of mineral groups and single mineral phases. This research will toward developing a 3D mineral mapping system that integrate surface (airborne and satellite) and subsurface (drill core) hyperspectral remote sensing data and carries it into quantitative mineral systems analysis. The main content and result is introduced as follows:- For Surface mineralogy mapping, we have developed and optimized the processing methods for accurate, seamless mineral measurements using Airborne and Satellite hyperspectral image. This requires solutions for unmixing background effects from target minerals to leave residual scaled mineral abundances equivalent to vegetation-free pixels. Another science challenge is to improve the atmospheric correction. Also Hapke BRDF model is used on the study in the linear and nonlinear mineral spectral mixing models.- For the subsurface mineralogy mapping, we have developed Field Imaging Spectrometer System (FISS) and Drill Core Logging for the subsurface mineralogy mapping, the Key science challenges will be establishing the accuracy of derived mineral products through associated laboratory analysis, including investigations from SWIR into the thermal infrared for measuring minerals.- The 3D mineral maps derived from hyperspectral methods can distinctly improve our understanding of mineral system. We use GIS system integrating surface and subsurface mineralogy mapping, with 3D mineral models for demonstration exploitation of economic mineral deposits in test site
Peppa, Maria Valasia. "Precision analysis of 3D camera." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131457.
Full textAmin, Syed Hassan. "Analysis of 3D face reconstruction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6163.
Full textDumoncel, Jean. "Analyse morphométrique 3D de structures anatomiques pour la paléoanthropologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30060/document.
Full textThe biological evolution of organisms can be studied as a set of morphological transformations which are characterized by the modification of their global three- dimensional geometry and by some discrete traits. In this context, it is necessary to develop comparative mathematical and computational tools for the study of the inter- and intraspecific variation. Within the three-dimensional data processing workflow (3D images or 3D meshes) employed in " virtual paleoanthropology ", the method that is most commonly used in comparative analysis is based on landmarks (most often anatomical landmarks) from which coordinates are analyzed by using mathematical tools such as " geometric morphometrics ". More recently, other methods allowing global comparisons between three-dimensional reconstructions without landmarks have been proposed. They allow for example the statistical analysis of a global shape and its variability. We suggest to study the process for morphometric analysis of 3D data commonly used in paleoanthropology, from the digitization to the exploration of 3D data. This dissertation introduces analytical methods for the processing of data provided by paleoanthropological studies, from the digitization of the excavation sites to the acquisition and the analysis of specimens. We established digital ground models (multidimensional analyses of data from various modalities of acquisition such as laser scanner and photogrammetry) that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of fossil remains in their context and we proposed relevant analyses for resolving specific problems inherent to biological studies. In particular, we developed appropriate tools for analyses and viewing (3D mappings and statistical analyses) dedicated specifically to problems of deformation-based registrations. Additionally, we introduced a method for the analysis of partial data in order to use all the specimens available in the fossil and modern records. Besides opening up new possibilities of capturing shape variation, our results highlight that techniques based on surface registration provide a reliable methodological framework for working on global shapes without focusing on specific points. We reported in particular that these methods allow the development of tools which are particularly suitable for the paleoanthropological studies
Meric, Henri. "Exploration de la fonction respiratoire des patients neuromusculaires à partir d’une analyse en trois dimensions (3D) du mouvement de la paroi thoracoabdominale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV095/document.
Full textThis work is divided into two parts : the first part is to developand validate a technical exploration of respiratory function using motioncapturetools of the chest and abdomen in three dimensions. Innovation isthe application of a method of calculation of underlying lung volumes notyet used with this technique. The second part is to highlight the medicalinterest of this technique for clinical use in targeted respiratory pathologiesand/or specific medical conditions.First and following a literature review of methods of exploration of respiratoryfunction by optoelectronics measure we have proposed a new methodto compute respiratory volumes of motion capture of thoracoabdominalwall. This method takes into account the movements of the thoracoabdominalsurface of the wall. A comparison between this new method, optoelectronicstandard approach and spirometry (Reference method) showsthat this new method allows an accurate assessment of respiratory volumes.Secondly, once the issue of metrological sufficiently accurate measurementof volumes validated, we looked at the clinical interest of enhancing thecontribution of the different compartments of the thoracoabdominal wallin the breakdown of muscular dystrophy patients and mechanically ventilatedsubjects. An initial study on a population of patients with acid maltasedeficiency, for the identification of the diaphragmatic dysfunction was performed.Thus we have demonstrated that the contribution of the abdominalarea for ventilation is correlated with invasive indices transdiaphragmaticpressures. This now allows us to follow the evolution of diaphragmaticfunction of these patients noninvasively. A second study was the analysis ofthe abdominal contribution to the ventilation when the latter is mechanicallyassisted. Thus we have seen that mechanical ventilation decreased abdominalcontribution, whatever the method of ventilatory assistance used,suggesting a decrease in diaphragmatic activity under mechanical ventilationand thus confirm a mechanical ventilation efficiency. A third studyon the patient with Duchenne de Boulogne has quantified the short-termeffects of blowing maneuvers and exsufflation on unassisted mobility ofthe rib cage. Thus we observed immediately after these maneuvers, betterexpansion and balancing this thoracoabdominal expansion during inspirationand maximum expiration. This calls for a more systematic use of thesetechniques every day in the care of this population, particularly for thosewith disharmony of thoracoabdominal movement.This work allows us to offer this new exploration to follow evolving diseasesaffecting the respiratory mechanics and impact of specific treatmentsand to envisage an industrial application of this new measurementtool
Lescoat, Thibault. "Geometric operators for 3D modeling using dictionary-based shape representations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT005.
Full textIn this thesis, we study high-level 3D shape representations and developed the algorithm primitives necessary to manipulate shapes represented as a composition of several parts. We first review existing representations, starting with the usual low-level ones and then expanding on a high-level family of shape representations, based on dictionaries. Notably, we focus on representing shapes via a discrete composition of atoms from a dictionary of parts.We observe that there was no method to smoothly blend non-overlapping atoms while still looking plausible. Indeed, most methods either required overlapping parts or do not preserve large-scale details. Moreover, very few methods guaranteed the exact preservation of the input, which is very important when dealing with artist-authored meshes to avoid destroying the artist's work. We address this challenge by proposing a composition operator that is guaranteed to exactly keep the input while also propagating large-scale details.To improve the speed of our composition operator and allow interactive edition, we propose to simplify the input parts prior to completing them. This allow us to interactively previsualize the composition of large meshes. For this, we introduce a method to simplify a detailed mesh to a coarse one by preserving the large details. While more constrained than related approaches that do not produce a mesh, our method still yields faithful outputs
Sevenet, Marie. "La forme en 3D dans l'analyse spatiale des territoires urbanisés et de la durabilité urbaine." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2048/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context
Lejemble, Thibault. "Analyse multi-échelle de nuage de points." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30184.
Full text3D acquisition techniques like photogrammetry and laser scanning are commonly used in numerous fields such as reverse engineering, archeology, robotics and urban planning. The main objective is to get virtual versions of real objects in order to visualize, analyze and process them easily. Acquisition techniques become more and more powerful and affordable which creates important needs to process efficiently the resulting various and massive 3D data. Data are usually obtained in the form of unstructured 3D point cloud sampling the scanned surface. Traditional signal processing methods cannot be directly applied due to the lack of spatial parametrization. Points are only represented by their 3D coordinates without any particular order. This thesis focuses on the notion of scale of analysis defined by the size of the neighborhood used to locally characterize the point-sampled surface. The analysis at different scales enables to consider various shapes which increases the analysis pertinence and the robustness to acquired data imperfections. We first present some theoretical and practical results on curvature estimation adapted to a multi-scale and multi-resolution representation of point clouds. They are used to develop multi-scale algorithms for the recognition of planar and anisotropic shapes such as cylinders and feature curves. Finally, we propose to compute a global 2D parametrization of the underlying surface directly from the 3D unstructured point cloud
Trapp, Matthias. "Analysis and exploration of virtual 3D city models using 3D information lenses." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1393/.
Full textDiese Diplomarbeit behandelt echtzeitfähige Renderingverfahren für 3D Informationslinsen, die auf der Fokus-&-Kontext-Metapher basieren. Im folgenden werden ihre Anwendbarkeit auf Objekte und Strukturen von virtuellen 3D-Stadtmodellen analysiert, konzipiert, implementiert und bewertet. Die Focus-&-Kontext-Visualisierung für virtuelle 3D-Stadtmodelle ist im Gegensatz zum Anwendungsbereich der 3D Geländemodelle kaum untersucht. Hier jedoch ist eine gezielte Visualisierung von kontextbezogenen Daten zu Objekten von großer Bedeutung für die interaktive Exploration und Analyse. Programmierbare Computerhardware erlaubt die Umsetzung neuer Linsen-Techniken, welche die Steigerung der perzeptorischen und kognitiven Qualität der Visualisierung im Vergleich zu klassischen perspektivischen Projektionen zum Ziel hat. Für eine Auswahl von 3D-Informationslinsen wird die Integration in ein 3D-Szenengraph-System durchgeführt: • Verdeckungslinsen modifizieren die Gestaltung von virtuellen 3D-Stadtmodell- Objekten, um deren Verdeckungen aufzulösen und somit die Navigation zu erleichtern. • Best-View Linsen zeigen Stadtmodell-Objekte in einer prioritätsdefinierten Weise und vermitteln Meta-Informationen virtueller 3D-Stadtmodelle. Sie unterstützen dadurch deren Exploration und Navigation. • Farb- und Deformationslinsen modifizieren die Gestaltung und die Geometrie von 3D-Stadtmodell-Bereichen, um deren Wahrnehmung zu steigern. Die in dieser Arbeit präsentierten Techniken für 3D Informationslinsen und die Anwendung auf virtuelle 3D Stadt-Modelle verdeutlichen deren Potenzial in der interaktiven Visualisierung und bilden eine Basis für Weiterentwicklungen.
Rajpoot, Kashif. "Multi-view 3D Echocardiographic image analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510207.
Full textThompson, Darren. "3D image analysis of foot wounds." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646858.
Full textSpentzos, Agis. "CFD analysis of 3D dynamic stall." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1855/.
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