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Journal articles on the topic '3D digitization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Santos, Pedro, Martin Ritz, Constanze Fuhrmann, and Dieter Fellner. "3D mass digitization: a milestone for archeological documentation." Virtual Archaeology Review 8, no. 16 (May 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.6321.

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In the heritage field, the demand for fast and efficient 3D digitization technologies for historic remains is increasing. Besides, 3D digitization has proved to be a promising approach to enable precise reconstructions of objects. Yet, unlike the digital acquisition of cultural goods in 2D widely used today, 3D digitization often still requires a significant investment of time and money. To make it more widely available to heritage institutions, the <em>Competence Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization</em> at the <em>Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD</em> has developed <em>CultLab3D</em>, the world’s first 3D mass digitization facility for collections of three-dimensional objects. <em>CultLab3D</em> is specifically designed to automate the entire 3D digitization process thus allowing to scan and archive objects on a large-scale. Moreover, scanning and lighting technologies are combined to capture the exact geometry, texture, and optical material properties of artefacts to produce highly accurate photo-realistic representations. The unique setup allows to shorten the time needed for digitization to several minutes per artefact instead of hours, as required by conventional 3D scanning methods.

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2

Damova, Mariana. "Linked Open Data Prototype of the Historical Archive of the European Commission." Archiving Conference 2020, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2020.1.0.92.

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The European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st century has led to an increased demand for fast, efficient and faithful 3D digitization technologies for cultural heritage artefacts. Yet, unlike the digital acquisition of cultural goods in 2D which is widely used and automated today, 3D digitization often still requires significant manual intervention, time and money. To overcome this, the authors have developed CultLab3D, the world's first fully automatic 3D mass digitization technology for collections of three-dimensional objects. 3D scanning robots such as the CultArm3D-P are specifically designed to automate the entire 3D digitization process thus allowing to capture and archive objects on a large-scale and produce highly accurate photo-realistic representations.

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3

Santos, Francisco, Elena Sanchez, Roberto Lopez, Oscar Martin, Florin Negoescu, and Manuel San-Juan. "Dimensional Validation of a 3D Digitization System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.878.

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A three-dimensional measurement system has been set up. The digital models have been obtained using a webcam and structured light. After this, a software for measuring the digital geometries has been applied. In order to validate the digital models, the workpiece has been measured in a Laboratory of Metrology by means of a Coordinate Measuring Machine. While digital models can be obtained from multiple scan system configurations, not all of them get the same degree of accuracy. After analyzing the results, it can be determined the best condition for obtaining the digital model so that discrepancies between measurements and corresponding digital model of the workpiece are minimized. Also, it has been estimated a value of measurement uncertainty for each of the models studied.

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4

Pavlidis, George, Despoina Tsiafakis, Anestis Koutsoudis, Fotis Arnaoutoglou, Vassilios Tsioukas, and Christodoulos Chamzas. "Preservation of Architectural Heritage through 3D Digitization." International Journal of Architectural Computing 5, no. 2 (June 2007): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478-0771.5.2.222.

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5

Ahmed, Namir, Michael Carter, and Neal Ferris. "Sustainable archaeology through progressive assembly 3D digitization." World Archaeology 46, no. 1 (January 2014): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2014.890911.

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6

Pavlidis, George, Anestis Koutsoudis, Fotis Arnaoutoglou, Vassilios Tsioukas, and Christodoulos Chamzas. "Methods for 3D digitization of Cultural Heritage." Journal of Cultural Heritage 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2006.10.007.

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7

Blundell, Jon. "Managing 3D Collections Data: Developing Systems and Metadata for 3D Digitization at Scale." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26704.

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As 3D digitization becomes more common in collections documentation and research, there is a growing need for tools which address the special needs of 3D data stewardship. Systems are needed to manage both the scan data collected during digitization activities, as well as the 3D models generated from that data. These systems need to be able to preserve and make transparent the complex relationships inherent in the data created from 3D digitization activities. They need to connect digital surrogates back to the objects they represent as well as provide an easy way to discover and retrieve that data for research, conservation, and public access. At the core of such systems there needs to be metadata models that can account for the intricacies and specific needs of managing 3D data. This year, the Smithsonian Institution will be deploying new infrastructure which does just that, based on a metadata model developed by a cross disciplinary working group comprised of content experts from across the institution. The platform, which not only manages scan data, but also automates the processing and delivery of 3D digitized content, is open source and is built around modular design principles for easier adoption. This talk builds upon last year’s SPNHC presentation “Automating 3D collection capture: Developing systems for 3D digitization at scale” as it addresses the information systems and infrastructure needed to support the management and delivery of 3D data at scale. We will cover the basic functionality of the Smithsonian’s 3D data repository, how it facilitates data administration, the workflows involved in managing and processing data, and how it connects to the larger Smithsonian infrastructure. As part of this, we will explore the metadata model behind the system and how the model can support greater usability and transparency when sharing and working with 3D scan data.

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8

Lanz, O., F. Sottsas, M. Conni, M. Boschetti, E. Nocerino, F. Menna, and F. Remondino. "A VERSATILE MULTI-CAMERA SYSTEM FOR 3D ACQUISITION AND MODELING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-785-2020.

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Abstract. Image-based 3D models generation typically involves three stages, namely: 2D image acquisition, data processing, and 3D surface generation and editing. The availability of different easy-to-use and low-cost image acquisition solutions, combined with open-source or commercial processing tools, has democratized the 3D reconstruction and digital twin generation. But high geometric and texture fidelity on small- to medium-scale objects as well as integrated commercial system for mass 3D digitization are not available. The paper presents our effort to build such a system, i.e. a market-ready multi-camera solution and a customized reconstruction process for mass 3D digitization of small to medium objects. The system is realized as a joint work between industrial and academic partners, in order to employ the latest technologies for the needs of the market. The proposed versatile image acquisition and processing system pushes to the limits the 3D digitization pipeline combining a rigid capturing system with photogrammetric reconstruction methods.

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9

Molnár, Ivan, and Ladislav Morovič. "3D Digitization and Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Medicine." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, no. 42 (June 1, 2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0020.

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Abstract The paper discusses the use of 3D digitization and additive manufacturing technologies in the field of medicine. In addition, applications of the use of 3D digitization and additive manufacturing methods are described, focusing on the design and manufacture of individual medical aids. Subsequently, the process of designing and manufacturing of orthopedic aids using these technologies is described and the advantages of introducing the given technologies into the design and manufacturing processes in the medicine sector are presented.

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10

Menna, F., E. Nocerino, F. Remondino, M. Dellepiane, M. Callieri, and R. Scopigno. "3D DIGITIZATION OF AN HERITAGE MASTERPIECE - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON QUALITY ASSESSMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-675-2016.

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Despite being perceived as interchangeable when properly applied, close-range photogrammetry and range imaging have both their pros and limitations that can be overcome using suitable procedures. Even if the two techniques have been frequently cross-compared, critical analysis discussing all sub-phases of a complex digitization project are quite rare. Comparisons taking into account the digitization of a cultural masterpiece, such as the Etruscan Sarcophagus of the Spouses (Figure 1) discussed in this paper, are even less common. The final 3D model of the Sarcophagus shows impressive spatial and texture resolution, in the order of tenths of millimetre for both digitization techniques, making it a large 3D digital model even though the physical size of the artwork is quite limited. The paper presents the survey of the Sarcophagus, a late 6th century BC Etruscan anthropoid Sarcophagus. Photogrammetry and laser scanning were used for its 3D digitization in two different times only few days apart from each other. The very short time available for the digitization was a crucial constraint for the surveying operations (due to constraints imposed us by the museum curators). Despite very high-resolution and detailed 3D models have been produced, a metric comparison between the two models shows intrinsic limitations of each technique that should be overcome through suitable onsite metric verification procedures as well as a proper processing workflow.

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11

Menna, F., E. Nocerino, F. Remondino, M. Dellepiane, M. Callieri, and R. Scopigno. "3D DIGITIZATION OF AN HERITAGE MASTERPIECE - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON QUALITY ASSESSMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-675-2016.

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Despite being perceived as interchangeable when properly applied, close-range photogrammetry and range imaging have both their pros and limitations that can be overcome using suitable procedures. Even if the two techniques have been frequently cross-compared, critical analysis discussing all sub-phases of a complex digitization project are quite rare. Comparisons taking into account the digitization of a cultural masterpiece, such as the Etruscan Sarcophagus of the Spouses (Figure 1) discussed in this paper, are even less common. The final 3D model of the Sarcophagus shows impressive spatial and texture resolution, in the order of tenths of millimetre for both digitization techniques, making it a large 3D digital model even though the physical size of the artwork is quite limited. The paper presents the survey of the Sarcophagus, a late 6th century BC Etruscan anthropoid Sarcophagus. Photogrammetry and laser scanning were used for its 3D digitization in two different times only few days apart from each other. The very short time available for the digitization was a crucial constraint for the surveying operations (due to constraints imposed us by the museum curators). Despite very high-resolution and detailed 3D models have been produced, a metric comparison between the two models shows intrinsic limitations of each technique that should be overcome through suitable onsite metric verification procedures as well as a proper processing workflow.

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12

Santos, Pedro, Reimar Tausch, Matevz Domajnko, Martin Ritz, Martin Knuth, and Dieter Fellner. "Automated 3D Mass Digitization for the GLAM Sector." Archiving Conference 2020, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2020.1.0.55.

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The lightfastness of prints is an extremely important characteristic for assessing their print stability. The fastness properties of prints can be described in terms of print durability and image stability. Good lightfastness assures the good print stability after long use. This study has focused to describe the lightfastness of printed foil samples due to long time exposure. It may also be used for the authenticity or validity of the product. Moreover, any kind of deterioration in package print quality will affect the sale value of the product adversely. Little work has been done to study the fastness properties of printed films and foils. In this work, blister foils printed in the gravure printing process are taken as the sample as it has extensive usage in food and medicine packaging. The samples are exposed in artificial lightfastness tester BGD 865/A Bench Xenon Test Chamber (B-SUN) for assessing the light fastness of cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink on the foil. The spectral curves and colorimetric values of prints are measured in the ocean optics spectroradiometer (DH2000BAL) before and after exposure. An Artificial Neural Network model (ANN) is proposed to predict the fading rate of the printed foil. The optimal model gives excellent prediction with the minimum mean square error (MSE) for each color and a correlation coefficient of 0.98-0.99.

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13

Belgorodskyij, V. S., M. A. Guseva, E. G. Andreeva, and N. A. Smirnova. "DIGITIZATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN 3D CLOTHING DESIGN." Физика волокнистых материалов: структура, свойства, наукоемкие технологии и материалы (SMARTEX), no. 1 (2020): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47367/2413-6514_2020_1_41.

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14

Zhan, K., D. Fritsch, and J. F. Wagner. "INTEGRATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ENDOSCOPY FOR GYROSCOPE 3D DIGITIZATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-925-2021.

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Abstract. Cultural heritage preservation via 3D digitization is becoming more and more important. Besides conventional buildings and landmarks, many technical instruments and artifacts, which belong to tech heritage (TH), are also of great importance, historically and didactically. Gyroscopes, which can be dated back for 200 years, are fascinating instruments with complex structures and different working principles. With such properties, any 3D digitization of Gyroscopes could not be realized by simply using conventional solutions of photogrammetry or laser scanning. In our work, we introduce photogrammetry, endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) for an integrated 3D digitization solution. Though photogrammetry has been widely used for the purpose of cultural heritage preservation, 3D reconstructions using the other two sensor systems have their own challenges. For an endoscope, a pre-calibration solution has been put forward and the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) process has been optimized to deal with the drift caused by a long imaging trajectory. Regarding the CT 3D reconstruction, we mainly focus on the 3D representation’s completeness and the denoising process. In the section of data integration, we designed different methods according to the characteristics of the objects as well as the 3D models from different sonsors. In case of limited overlap between the pair of point clouds, the Gauss-Helmert model with manually picked control points is applied for the estimation of the transformation matrix. CT point clouds, which hold only the intensity values representing the material attenuation, could be integrated with photogrammetry data via a surface color mapping method using the photogrammetric images or the primitive based corresponding virtual control points. Through our research, the concept of integrating photogrammetry, endoscopy and CT for 3D digitization of Gyroscopes is validated. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages involved in the complete process are discussed and a solid foundation has been laid for further research.

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15

Vasiljević, Ivana, Ratko Obradović, Isidora Đurić, Branislav Popkonstantinović, Igor Budak, Luka Kulić, and Zoran Milojević. "Copyright Protection of 3D Digitized Artistic Sculptures by Adding Unique Local Inconspicuous Errors by Sculptors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 7481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167481.

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In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual museums, is becoming increasingly popular. Moreover, cultural institutions use modern digitization methods to create three-dimensional (3D) models of objects of historical significance to form digital libraries and archives. This research aims to suggest a method for protecting these 3D models from abuse while making them available on the Internet. The proposed method was applied to a sculpture, an object of cultural heritage. It is based on the digitization of the sculpture altered by adding local clay details proposed by the sculptor and on sharing on the Internet a 3D model obtained by digitizing the sculpture with a built-in error. The clay details embedded in the sculpture are asymmetrical and discreet to be unnoticeable to an average observer. The original sculpture was also digitized and its 3D model created. The obtained 3D models were compared and the geometry deviation was measured to determine that the embedded error was invisible to an average observer and that the watermark can be extracted. The proposed method simultaneously protects the digitized image of the artwork while preserving its visual experience. Other methods cannot guarantee this.

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16

Sun, Jian, Peng Li, and Wei Jun Wang. "3D Garment Design of the Computer Virtual Reality Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.1041.

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Digitization is the inevitable trend of the social development. In order to meet the requirements of the social development, the garment industry should also speed up the digitization and informationization, to improve the technological contents of the garment industry. With the emergence and popularization of the emerging computer technology such as the visualization, virtual reality and so on, the clothing design has received a profound influence in the design concept, design style and means of communication. This paper focuses on the analysis of the development of virtual reality technology in the field of fashion design, and summarizes the future prospects.

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17

Gregor, Prof Ing Milan, Ing Fredinand Budzel, Ing Andrej Ŝtefánik, and Ing Dariusz Plinta. "3D Laser Scanning in Digitization of Current Production Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 3 (2008): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20081205-2-cl-4009.00017.

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18

Gonizzi Barsanti, S., and G. Guidi. "3D DIGITIZATION OF MUSEUM CONTENT WITHIN THE 3DICONS PROJECT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W1 (July 31, 2013): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w1-151-2013.

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19

Lu, Hsiao-Ming. "A 3D digitization system for conventional radiation therapy simulation." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 6, no. 3 (June 2005): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v6i3.2093.

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20

Sood, Abhinav, Varsha Dogra, and Gayatri Pathmanathan. "3D Surface Digitization in Scientific Research and Product Development." Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 09, no. 02 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fmar.2021.92002.

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21

Lin, Sheng-Kai, Rong-Chin Lo, and Ren-Guey Lee. "AUTOMATIC CO-REGISTRATION OF MEG AND 3D DIGITIZATION USING 3D GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 32, no. 03 (June 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237220500192.

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In this study, we propose a new automatic co-registration method for the coordinate systems of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data and third dimension digitizer (3D DIG) data of a head using the 3D generalized Hough transform (GHT) during image processing. The technique is important for the research of brain functionalities; it can be done automatically, and quickly combines data from functional brain mapping tools like MEG and DIG, etc. MEG is a measurement instrument used to noninvasively analyze the physiological activity of neurons with high temporal resolution, but it lacks the head-shape of subjects and head with respect to the MEG sensors. 3D DIG can record head- shape, facial features, and anatomical markers in a 3D coordinate system in real time. Thus, combining the two modalities is beneficial in correlating the obtained brain data with physiological activity. According to much of the research, the GHT is useful for recognizing or locating two 2D images. However, the GHT algorithm can be extended to the 3D GHT to automatically co-register the 3D data. In this study, we use the 3D GHT to co-register three subject datasets with MEG and 3D DIG data, and evaluate the average distance errors between the proposed method and the MEG160 system. Some of the experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed 3D GHT accurately and efficiently.

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Lachat, E., T. Landes, and P. Grussenmeyer. "PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF A HANDHELD 3D SCANNER TO DEFINE GOOD PRACTICES FOR SMALL ARTEFACT 3D MODELING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 18, 2017): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-427-2017.

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Handheld 3D scanners can be used to complete large scale models with the acquisition of occluded areas or small artefacts. This may be of interest for digitization projects in the field of Cultural Heritage, where detailed areas may require a specific treatment. Such sensors present the advantage of being easily portable in the field, and easily usable even without particular knowledge. In this paper, the Freestyle<sup>3D</sup> handheld scanner launched on the market in 2015 by FARO is investigated. Different experiments are described, covering various topics such as the influence of range or color on the measurements, but also the precision achieved for geometrical primitive digitization. These laboratory experiments are completed by acquisitions performed on engraved and sculpted stone blocks. This practical case study is useful to investigate which acquisition protocol seems to be the more adapted and leads to precise results. The produced point clouds will be compared to photogrammetric surveys for the purpose of their accuracy assessment.

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Elfarargy, Mohammed, and Amr Rizq. "VirMuF: The Virtual Museum Framework." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 19, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v19i2.1349.

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With the immergence of 3D object digitization technologies, many museums are digitizing their collections using 3D scanning, photogrammetry and other techniques. These large 3D collections are not only great for documentation and preservation, but they are also a great means for introducing these collections to a wider audience worldwide through virtual museums. However, developing Virtual Museums can be a costly process considering that it needs a team of talented software developers, 3D designers and other software/hardware tools. In this paper we present VirMuF (Virtual Museum Framework), which is a set of tools that can be used by non-developers to easily create and publish 3D virtual museums in a very short time. This way, Museum staff doing collection digitization can also publish 3D virtual museums to exhibit these collections. VirMuF is open-source; hence, teams including software developers can further extend VirMuF to fit their needs.

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24

Palka, Dorota, Marcin Sobota, and Paweł Buchwald. "3D Object Digitization Devices in Manufacturing Engineering Applications and Services." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0038.

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AbstractThe rapid development of CAD 3D systems has led to the development of solutions enabling the physical achievement of the designed object, already at the design stage. Such a solution is the rapid prototyping method, intended for fast, precise and repeatable production thanks to additive technology. The first basic step of this method is a 3D scan. It is a technique that analyzes a real object in order to collect data about its basic (geometric) and additional (e.g. color) features. The collected data is used to generate three-dimensional, virtual models. Scanning can be performed in various ways using different devices. The aim of the article is to review the available technologies for digitizing 3D objects and to compare them in the context of individual application areas. It presents selected tools and software that will economically and efficiently increase the range of applications of digitization methods in the production process and offering various services on the market.

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Januszka, Marcin, and Roman Pilch. "Digitization and 3D visualization of products with the use of augmented." Mechanik, no. 2 (February 2015): 143/16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.2.38.

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Tucci, G., V. Bonora, A. Conti, and L. Fiorini. "HIGH-QUALITY 3D MODELS AND THEIR USE IN A CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-687-2017.

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Cultural heritage digitization and 3D modelling processes are mainly based on laser scanning and digital photogrammetry techniques to produce complete, detailed and photorealistic three-dimensional surveys: geometric as well as chromatic aspects, in turn testimony of materials, work techniques, state of preservation, etc., are documented using digitization processes.<br><br> The paper explores the topic of 3D documentation for conservation purposes; it analyses how geomatics contributes in different steps of a restoration process and it presents an overview of different uses of 3D models for the conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage. The paper reports on the project to digitize the earthenware frieze of the Ospedale del Ceppo in Pistoia (Italy) for 3D documentation, restoration work support, and digital and physical reconstruction and integration purposes. The intent to design an exhibition area suggests new ways to take advantage of 3D data originally acquired for documentation and scientific purposes.

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Xiao, Meng, Hui Yang, Quanlan Xiao, Han Zhang, and Xiaodong Chen. "Decentralized manufacturing for biomimetics through cooperation of digitization and nanomaterial design." Nanoscale 11, no. 41 (2019): 19179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00667b.

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28

Einaudi, D., A. Spreafico, F. Chiabrando, and C. Della Coletta. "FROM ARCHIVE DOCUMENTATION TO ONLINE 3D MODEL VISUALIZATION OF NO LONGER EXISTING STRUCTURES: THE TURIN 1911 PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-837-2020.

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Abstract. Rebuilding the past of cultural heritage through digitization, archiving and visualization by means of digital technology is becoming an emerging issue to ensure the transmission of physical and digital documentation to future generations as evidence of culture, but also to enable present generation to enlarge, facilitate and cross relate data and information in new ways. In this global effort, the digital 3D documentation of no longer existing cultural heritage can be essential for the understanding of past events and nowadays, various digital techniques and tools are developing for multiple purposes.In the present research the entire workflow, starting from archive documentation collection and digitization to the 3D models metrically controlled creation and online sharing, is considered. The technical issues to obtain a detail 3D model are examined stressing limits and potentiality of 3D reconstruction of disappeared heritage and its visualization exploiting three complexes belonging to 1911 Turin World’s Fair.

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29

Tucci, G., D. Cini, and A. Nobile. "EFFECTIVE 3D DIGITIZATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL MUSEUM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXVIII-5/W16 (September 10, 2012): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxviii-5-w16-413-2011.

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30

Adamopoulos, Efstathios, Fulvio Rinaudo, and Liliana Ardissono. "A Critical Comparison of 3D Digitization Techniques for Heritage Objects." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10010010.

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Techniques for the three-dimensional digitization of tangible heritage are continuously updated, as regards active and passive sensors, data acquisition approaches, implemented algorithms and employed computational systems. These developments enable higher automation and processing velocities, increased accuracy, and precision for digitizing heritage assets. For large-scale applications, as for investigations on ancient remains, heritage objects, or architectural details, scanning and image-based modeling approaches have prevailed, due to reduced costs and processing durations, fast acquisition, and the reproducibility of workflows. This paper presents an updated metric comparison of common heritage digitization approaches, providing a thorough examination of sensors, capturing workflows, processing parameters involved, metric and radiometric results produced. A variety of photogrammetric software were evaluated (both commercial and open sourced), as well as photo-capturing equipment of various characteristics and prices, and scanners employing different technologies. The experimentations were performed on case studies of different geometrical and surface characteristics to thoroughly assess the implemented three-dimensional modeling pipelines.

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Malik, Umair Shafqat, and Gabriele Guidi. "Massive 3D digitization of sculptures: Methodological approaches for improving efficiency." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 364 (June 2018): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/364/1/012015.

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Menna, F., E. Nocerino, D. Morabito, E. M. Farella, M. Perini, and F. Remondino. "AN OPEN SOURCE LOW-COST AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR IMAGE-BASED 3D DIGITIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (November 13, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-155-2017.

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3D digitization of heritage artefacts, reverse engineering of industrial components or rapid prototyping-driven design are key topics today. Indeed, millions of archaeological finds all over the world need to be surveyed in 3D either to allow convenient investigations by researchers or because they are inaccessible to visitors and scientists or, unfortunately, because they are seriously endangered by wars and terrorist attacks. On the other hand, in case of industrial and design components there is often the need of deformation analyses or physical replicas starting from reality-based 3D digitisations. The paper is aligned with these needs and presents the realization of the ORION (arduinO Raspberry pI rOtating table for image based 3D recostructioN) prototype system, with its hardware and software components, providing critical insights about its modular design. ORION is an image-based 3D reconstruction system based on automated photogrammetric acquisitions and processing. The system is being developed under a collaborative educational project between FBK Trento, the University of Trento and internship programs with high school in the Trentino province (Italy).

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Santana, Sharlene E., Jessica H. Arbour, Abigail A. Curtis, and Kathryn E. Stanchak. "3D Digitization in Functional Morphology: Where is the Point of Diminishing Returns?" Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz101.

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Abstract Modern computational and imaging methods are revolutionizing the fields of comparative morphology, biomechanics, and ecomorphology. In particular, imaging tools such as X-ray micro computed tomography (µCT) and diffusible iodine-based contrast enhanced CT allow observing and measuring small and/or otherwise inaccessible anatomical structures, and creating highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) renditions that can be used in biomechanical modeling and tests of functional or evolutionary hypotheses. But, do the larger datasets generated through 3D digitization always confer greater power to uncover functional or evolutionary patterns, when compared with more traditional methodologies? And, if so, why? Here, we contrast the advantages and challenges of using data generated via (3D) CT methods versus more traditional (2D) approaches in the study of skull macroevolution and feeding functional morphology in bats. First, we test for the effect of dimensionality and landmark number on inferences of adaptive shifts during cranial evolution by contrasting results from 3D versus 2D geometric morphometric datasets of bat crania. We find sharp differences between results generated from the 3D versus some of the 2D datasets (xy, yz, ventral, and frontal), which appear to be primarily driven by the loss of critical dimensions of morphological variation rather than number of landmarks. Second, we examine differences in accuracy and precision among 2D and 3D predictive models of bite force by comparing three skull lever models that differ in the sources of skull and muscle anatomical data. We find that a 3D model that relies on skull µCT scans and muscle data partly derived from diceCT is slightly more accurate than models based on skull photographs or skull µCT and muscle data fully derived from dissections. However, the benefit of using the diceCT-informed model is modest given the effort it currently takes to virtually dissect muscles from CT scans. By contrasting traditional and modern tools, we illustrate when and why 3D datasets may be preferable over 2D data, and vice versa, and how different methodologies can complement each other in comparative analyses of morphological function and evolution.

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Lobo, Leonardo Souza, Orlando Nelson Grillo, and Sergio Alex Kugland de Azevedo. "Morphology, Pandemic, and 3D." Arquivos de Zoologia 52, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.02.

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The COVID‑19 pandemic imposes the biggest restrictions on access to morphological information housed in scientific collections, compromising the progress of scientific research. Even though it is not the first event to impose restrictions on access, it is undoubtedly the most global in range. Based on this, we discuss the barriers to access information and we show 3D technology as an important tool to create routes to mitigate the effects of future restrictions. In a global sphere, there are initiatives of inter-institutional integration and international networks focused on facilitating and disseminate the implementation of digitization tools and techniques to facilitate access to diverse biological information. Notwithstanding, when we speak in 3D technology in Latin American countries, as is well noted in Brazil, this type of progress is lacking, with only isolated initiatives from some laboratories and research centers that implement 3D digitization tools, but often as experimental uses. Moreover, recent events, such as the Museu Naciona fire and the mobility restriction imposed by the COVID‑19 pandemic, reinforce the need and urgency to discuss the virtualization of natural history collections in the national territory. In this sense, we recommend photogrammetry as a more accessible and versatile technology, which could be quickly implemented in curatorial procedures. We, also, have defined criteria to establish priorities for virtualizing the collection. The virtualization of the type specimens is an inevitable and necessary task to ensure their access and expansion of their safe preservation, as established by the ICZN, and should therefore be considered as a high priority, followed by reference specimens, which are frequently accessed. Finally, to ensure Latin America advances to levels similar to those observed in other continents, it is important to establish a collaborative network of museums and other research institutions.

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Piratelli-Filho, Antonio, Alberto José Alvares, and Rosenda Valdés Arencibia. "Application of process mapping for digitization of mechanical parts with 3D laser scanner." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 9 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2018009.

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This work presents a systematization method for digitization of mechanical parts with three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner using the process mapping method. The application involves the use of the IDEFØ methodology of process mapping to address the sequence of steps required to obtain the computer-aided design (CAD) model of the measured part. The variables involved in the setup and measurement with 3D laser scanner were investigated and applied to regular and free-form parts, and the parameter geometry, texture, light reflection and procedure of data acquisition were considered in the analysis. The software commands used to create the CAD models were also included and the ones related to mesh and surface creation were detailed. The systematized measurement planning was graphi graphically presented, and it proved useful to operators during the digitization process.

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Verroken, Tine. "Using 3D Digitization in the Preservation of Industrial and Agricultural Heritage." Archiving Conference 2017, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2017.1.0.49.

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Li, Jian, Cheng Yan Zhang, Xue Li Xu, and Hai Feng Chen. "3D Digitization of Human Body Based on Checkerboard Matching." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1108.

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A body-size measurement method based on checkerboard matching is proposed. First, calibrated cameras are used to acquire two body images after projecting chess boards on human body with projector. Then, the parallax of the two images is got by feature extraction and stereo matching. Finally, we can calculate the 3D coordinates of the human body according to the principle of binocular vision to complete the acquisition of body size. The result shows that measurement error is ± 4%. This study can measure automatically and improve precision compared with traditional methods while it has low-cost, simple operation compared with the non-contact measurement. And the results accuracy can meet its general application in practice.

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Dold, Claus Alexander, Gregory Eberle, and Christian Heger. "Digitization for Highly Accurate 3D Laser Processing of Customer‐specific Tools." PhotonicsViews 17, no. 2 (April 2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202000012.

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Surendran, Nanda K., Xun W. Xu, Oliver Stead, and Heather Silyn-Roberts. "Contemporary technologies for 3D digitization of Maori and Pacific Island artifacts." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2009): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ima.20202.

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Veretekhina, S. V. "Digitization, scanning, and reverse engineering technology for creating 3D virtual space." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1679 (November 2020): 022085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1679/2/022085.

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Khalfaoui, Souhaiel, Ralph Seulin, Yohan Fougerolle, and David Fofi. "An efficient method for fully automatic 3D digitization of unknown objects." Computers in Industry 64, no. 9 (December 2013): 1152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2013.04.005.

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Stelldinger, Peer, and Ullrich Köthe. "Connectivity preserving digitization of blurred binary images in 2D and 3D." Computers & Graphics 30, no. 1 (February 2006): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2005.10.012.

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Xiong, Zaibao, Xing Gan, Yunwei Li, Ding Ding, Xiaohong Geng, and Yu Gao. "Application of smart substation site management system based on 3D digitization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1983, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1983/1/012086.

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González-Merino, Ramón, Elena Sánchez-López, Pablo E. Romero, Jesús Rodero, and Rafael E. Hidalgo-Fernández. "Low-Cost Prototype to Automate the 3D Digitization of Pieces: An Application Example and Comparison." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082580.

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This work is aimed at describing the design of a mechanical and programmable 3D capturing system to be used by either 3D scanner or DSLR camera through photogrammetry. Both methods are widely used in diverse areas, from engineering, architecture or archaeology, up to the field of medicine; but they also entail certain disadvantages, such as the high costs of certain equipment, such as scanners with some precision, and the need to resort to specialized operatives, among others. The purpose of this design is to create a robust, precise and cost-effective system that improves the limitations of the present equipment on the market, such as robotic arms or rotary tables. For this reason, a preliminary study has been conducted to analyse the needs of improvement, later, we have focused on the 3D design and prototyping. For its construction, there have been used the FDM additive technology and structural components that are easy to find in the market. With regards to electronic components, basic electronics and Arduino-based 3D printers firmware have been selected. For system testing, the capture equipment consists of a Spider Artec 3D Scanner and a Nikon 5100 SLR Camera. Finally, 3D models have been developed by comparing the 3D meshes obtained by the two methods, obtaining satisfactory results.

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Di Giulio, R., F. Maietti, E. Piaia, M. Medici, F. Ferrari, and B. Turillazzi. "INTEGRATED DATA CAPTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR 3D SEMANTIC MODELLING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE INCEPTION PROTOCOL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W3 (February 23, 2017): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w3-251-2017.

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The generation of high quality 3D models can be still very time-consuming and expensive, and the outcome of digital reconstructions is frequently provided in formats that are not interoperable, and therefore cannot be easily accessed. This challenge is even more crucial for complex architectures and large heritage sites, which involve a large amount of data to be acquired, managed and enriched by metadata. <br><br> In this framework, the ongoing EU funded project INCEPTION – <i>Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling</i> proposes a workflow aimed at the achievements of efficient 3D digitization methods, post-processing tools for an enriched semantic modelling, web-based solutions and applications to ensure a wide access to experts and non-experts. In order to face these challenges and to start solving the issue of the large amount of captured data and time-consuming processes in the production of 3D digital models, an Optimized Data Acquisition Protocol (DAP) has been set up. The purpose is to guide the processes of digitization of cultural heritage, respecting needs, requirements and specificities of cultural assets.

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Santoši, Željko, Igor Budak, Mario Šokac, Tatjana Puškar, Đorđe Vukelić, and Branka Trifković. "3D DIGITIZATION OF FEATURELESS DENTAL MODELS USING CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AIDED BY NOISE BASED PATTERNS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume170620029s.

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Development and improvement of 3D digitizing systems provide for the ability to digitize a growing number of materials and geometrical forms of greater complexity. This paper presents the application of 3D digitizing system using close range photogrammetry on the upper jaw cast in plaster in order to obtain its 3D model. Because of the low visual characteristics of gypsum, such as color and texture, many questions arise about the possibility of applying this particular method to this type of physical models. In order to overcome bad visual properties of gypsum, this paper analyzes the possibility of the photogrammetry method application supported by the projected light texture which is based on patterns in the form of noise-obtained mathematically modeled functions. In order to determine the selected image for light texture which gives the better results, an experiment was designed and carried out. Only two images were tested. One image is selected based on previous research and the other one was generated by the Matlab function for uniformly distributed random numbers. For validation and a comparative analysis of the results, an object of 3D digitization was generated with and without projected light texture. CAD inspection was applied for the analysis of the obtained 3D digitizing results. 3D model obtained by approved professional optical 3D scanner as a reference was used. The results in this paper confirm better accuracy of 3D models obtained with the use of light textures, but this approach requires additional hardware and setup adjustment for images acquisition.

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Agosto, Eros, and Leandro Bornaz. "3D Models in Cultural Heritage." International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science 1, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmhs.2017010101.

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Metric surveys are a key component in Cultural Heritage. Metric surveys are in fact a basic input for a wide range of activities, from documentation to study, from restoration to valorization, that rely on the current condition of the monument. In recent years, laser scanning and, more recently, digital photogrammetry offered new perspectives, widening the perspectives of 3D Cultural Heritage recording. Digital technologies provide new ways to collaborate, record excavations, and restore artifacts, and in such a way they are transforming the way Cultural Heritage practitioners (researchers, archaeologists, curators) work. This paper attempts to review the methods for 3D digitization that are today available and discuss the possible use of 3D models beyond the pure extraction of reliable and accurate measures.

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Graciano, Alejandro, Lidia Ortega, Rafael J. Segura, and Francisco R. Feito. "Digitization of religious artifacts with a structured light scanner." Virtual Archaeology Review 8, no. 17 (July 26, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.4650.

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The digitization process for religious artifacts is subject to inherent difficulties often ignored in theoretical models or pipelines. In this paper we aim to describe these problems, which are present in practical environments such as temples and churches, using white light scanners instead of other common devices or technologies such as laser scanners and photogrammetry. Our case study is based on the digitization of two religious statues belonging to a Catholic brotherhood located in a village of the Province of Jaén (Spain), one of them presenting especially several limitations. After performing the scanning process with a portable hand-held scanner, the images captured were processed until the final models were acquired. On the basis of the results obtained, we discuss the problems arising after using well-known procedures for the reconstruction of 3D models, their causes and some possible solutions to achieving a correct digitization. It should be noted that it is not the aim of this study to establish procedures for the digitization of religious artifacts, but rather to transmit the inherent constraints of these types of scenes.

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Du, Shu Ai, Jian Wei An, Liang Jie Wang, and Xian Wei Zhou. "Mine Production 3D Remote Virtual Management System Based on Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2107.

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This article introduces a mine production management system based on the Internet of Things and Virtual Technology. The system is digitization and automation which has following functions, mineral resources and reserves dynamic management, personnel positioning management, escape routes design, mining production plan and optimize the management and production scheduling management.

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Grącki, Grzegorz, Krzysztof Gębarski, and Hubert Kubik. "The application of a SMARTTECH 3D scanner for the production of additional parts / industry: motorcycle accessories." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 2, no. 4(5) (December 29, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2015.4(5).31.

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Enduro-Tech is the best known suppliers of parts in the off-road racing motorcycle industry. The company uses 3D printing technology based on melting stainless steel powder in order to design dedicated, additional or replacement parts. Application of the 3D digitization of an object has enabled optimization and accelerated the process of creating prototypes. The article presents an example process of design and manufacturing of dedicated engine casing.

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