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Journal articles on the topic '3D ecosystem model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Neumann, Thomas. "Towards a 3D-ecosystem model of the Baltic Sea." Journal of Marine Systems 25, no. 3-4 (2000): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-7963(00)00030-0.

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Münster, Sander. "Advancements in 3D Heritage Data Aggregation and Enrichment in Europe: Implications for Designing the Jena Experimental Repository for the DFG 3D Viewer." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (2023): 9781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179781.

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Since the 2010s, various national and pan-European public infrastructures have been emerging around aggregation, viewing, and 3D heritage model collection. The purpose of this article is to focus on the current state and ecosystem for 3D models in Europe through (a) a review of published studies on users, objects, and demands (b) and an overview of the ecosystem for 3D heritage data. As part of the German distributed infrastructure, the DFG 3D Viewer Jena experimental repository serves as a testbed for technology prototyping and testing. Based on the findings of the European ecosystem, we used

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Vagizov, Marsel R., Mikhail M. Shishkin, Eugeniy P. Istomin, Maria A. Novikova, and Alexander K. Boytsov. "Development of a database of three-dimensional models of deciduous forest species of Birch and Aspen for a geoinformation model of the forest ecosystem." Geoinformatika, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2022-3-39-46.

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The article is a continuation of the authors' cycle of works devoted to the development of geoinformation modeling technology for forest ecosystems. The article deals with the formation of an object-oriented catalog of deciduous woody plants growing on the territory of the Lisinsky educational and Experimental Forestry, a branch of S. M. Kirov SPbGLTU. The main purpose of the work is to form a single 3D database of two forest-forming species of hanging birch (Betula Pendula Roth.) and trembling poplar (Populus Tremula L.) to integrate the generated catalog of tree models into the environment o

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Kiss, Attila, and Gábor Pusztai. "Animal Farm—a complex artificial life 3D framework." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Informatica 13, no. 1 (2021): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausi-2021-0004.

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Abstract The development of computer-generated ecosystem simulations are becoming more common due to the greater computational capabilities of machines. Because natural ecosystems are very complex, simplifications are required for implementation. This simulation environment o er a global view of the system and generate a lot of data to process and analyse, which are difficult or impossible to do in nature. 3D simulations, besides of the scientific advantages in experiments, can be used for presentation, educational and entertainment purposes too. In our simulated framework (Animal Farm) we hav

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Eremina, T. R., A. V. Isaev, I. A. Neelov, V. A. Ryabchenko, O. P. Savchuk, and R. E. Vankevich. "A simulation of the Gulf of Finland ecosystem with a 3D model." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Biology. Ecology 52, no. 3 (2003): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/biol.ecol.2003.3.13.

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Uciechowska-Grakowicz, Anna, Oscar Herrera-Granados, Stanisław Biernat, and Joanna Bac-Bronowicz. "Usage of Airborne LiDAR Data and High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images in Implementing the Smart City Concept." Remote Sensing 15, no. 24 (2023): 5776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245776.

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The cities of the future should not only be smart, but also smart green, for the well-being of their inhabitants, the biodiversity of their ecosystems and for greater resilience to climate change. In a smart green city, the location of urban green spaces should be based on an analysis of the ecosystem services they provide. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate information technology tools that process data from different sources to support the decision-making process by analysing ecosystem services. This article presents the methodology used to develop an urban green space plannin

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Nowicki, Artur, Maciej Janecki, Mirosław Darecki, Piotr Piotrowski, and Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka. "The Use of Satellite Data in the Operational 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea (3D Cembs)." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 1 (2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0003.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to present an automatic monitoring system for the 3D CEMBS model in the operational version. This predictive, eco hydrodynamic model is used as a tool to control the conditions and bio productivity of the Baltic sea environment and to forecast physical and ecological changes in the studied basin. Satellite-measured data assimilation is used to constrain the model and achieve higher accuracy of its results. 3D CEMBS is a version of the Community Earth System Model, adapted for the Baltic Sea. It consists of coupled ocean and ice models, working in active

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Kiss, Attila, and Gábor Pusztai. "Using the Unity Game Engine to Develop a 3D Simulated Ecological System Based on a Predator–Prey Model Extended by Gene Evolution." Informatics 9, no. 1 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010009.

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In this paper, we present a novel implementation of an ecosystem simulation. In our previous work, we implemented a 3D environment based on a predator–prey model, but we found that in most cases, regardless of the choice of starting parameters, the simulation quickly led to extinctions. We wanted to achieve system stabilization, long-term operation, and better simulation of reality by incorporating genetic evolution. Therefore we applied the predator–prey model with an evolutional approach. Using the Unity game engine we created and managed a closed 3D ecosystem environment defined by an artif

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Gan, Yi, Quan Wang, and Guangman Song. "Structural Complexity Significantly Impacts Canopy Reflectance Simulations as Revealed from Reconstructed and Sentinel-2-Monitored Scenes in a Temperate Deciduous Forest." Remote Sensing 16, no. 22 (2024): 4296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16224296.

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Detailed three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer models (RTMs) enable a clear understanding of the interactions between light, biochemistry, and canopy structure, but they are rarely explicitly evaluated due to the availability of 3D canopy structure data, leading to a lack of knowledge on how canopy structure/leaf characteristics affect radiative transfer processes within forest ecosystems. In this study, the newly released 3D RTM Eradiate was extensively evaluated based on both virtual scenes reconstructed using the quantitative structure model (QSM) by adding leaves to point clouds genera

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Ferdinand, Jan-Peter, and Uli Meyer. "The social dynamics of heterogeneous innovation ecosystems." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 9 (January 1, 2017): 184797901772161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979017721617.

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In this article, we develop a programmatic notion of innovation ecosystems, which emphasizes the analysis of different forms of distributed innovation without reducing the perspective to the role of a focal organization. It highlights relationships between communities and corporate firms as nexus for distributed innovation and elaborates how different facets of openness shape the dynamic of the ecosystem. Thus, our model allows for the analysis and comparison of a broad scope of constellations, their particular coordinating mechanisms as well as related advantages and disadvantages. We apply t

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Wang, Qi, Nader Nakhaei, and Leon Boegman. "Calibration versus computation: Comparison between 1D and 3D phytoplankton simulations in western Lake Erie." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, no. 4 (2023): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.04.76.

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Abstract Numerical models are commonly used tools to simulate hydrodynamics and water quality of lakes. Model dimensionality (0D, 1D, 2D, or 3D) requires different simplification levels of physical-biogeochemical processes, computational power and calibration strategies and metrics against observations. To investigate these modelling considerations, the 1D (vertical) Aquatic Ecosystem Dynamics – General Lake Model and the 3D Aquatic Ecosystem Model were applied to western Lake Erie in 2008 and 2011-14. The performance of the models was evaluated by comparing the simulations against observation

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Arifin, Ahmad Aris. "Development of Mini Virtual Aquatic Ecosystem Learning Media Assisted by Professional 3D Pageflip Software." International Journal of Science Education and Science 1, no. 2 (2024): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56566/ijses.v1i2.227.

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This development aims to produce a mini virtual learning media product for aquatic ecosystems assisted by professional 3D pageflip software. The development research model used is the Four-D (4D) model, which consists of 4 stages including: (1) define stage, (2) design stage, (3) develop stage, practicality testing is carried out. , and the dissemination stage was not carried out due to time constraints. The trial subjects in this research involved 36 students of SMAN 9 Mataram class X1, and involved teachers as user practitioners and observers to assess the implementation of learning. The dat

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Marsicano, Lucia, Saverio Giulio Malatesta, Francesco Lella, Emanuela D'Ignazio, Eleonora Massacci, and Simone Onofri. "Maxentius 3D Project." Studies in Digital Heritage 1, no. 2 (2017): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23199.

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Aim of the project is to propose a full 3D model of the Circus of Maxentius in Rome encompassing all the aspects of the environment, as well as the architectural system.The Circus is part o a complex built by Maxentius at the beginning of the IV century AD. The maxentian complex is situated on the via Appia between the second and the third mile; nowadays this area is part of the Parco Regionale dell’Appina Antica, where is not possible to remove the vegetation in order to preserve the ecosystem. For this reason a large part of the Circus is covered by the vegetation, making the reconnaissance

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Janecki, Maciej, Artur Nowicki, Alicja Kańska, Maria Golenko, and Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka. "Numerical Simulations of Sea Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea for 2010–2016 Winters Using the 3D CEMBS Model." Polish Maritime Research 25, no. 3 (2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0094.

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Abstract Sea ice conditions in the Baltic Sea during six latest winters – 2010/2011 to 2015/2016 are analysed using coupled ice–ocean numerical model 3D CEMBS (3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea). Simulation results are compared with observations from monitoring stations, ice charts and satellite data. High correlation between model results and observations has been confirmed both in terms of spatial and temporal approach. The analysed period has a high interannual variability of ice extent, the number of ice days and ice thickness. Increasing number of relatively mild winters in the

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Schernewski, Gerald, Mara Jekat, Frank Kösters, Thomas Neumann, Swantje Steffen, and Miriam von Thenen. "Ecosystem Services Supporting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): Assessments of Navigation Waterways Deepening Based on Data, Experts, and a 3D Ecosystem Model." Land 13, no. 10 (2024): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13101653.

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The navigation waterways to the harbors of Rostock (Warnow Estuary), Germany, and Szczecin (Oder/Szczecin Lagoon), Poland, were recently deepened. Both activities required Environmental Impact Assessments. We conducted expert- and data-based ecosystem service assessments for both case studies. Additionally, we performed 3D-ecosystem model simulations. For the Oder Lagoon, the model results show that the waterway deepening increased the burial in sediments by 807 t N/a, 112 t P/a and 4661 T C/a. However, altogether, the impacts of the deepening to 12.5 m draught on the lagoon ecosystem are mino

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Mukhamedieva, D. T., and M. H. Raupova. "Model for forest ecosystems based on quantum optimization." E3S Web of Conferences 498 (2024): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449802006.

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This paper presents a mathematical model developed to describe the dynamics of forest ecosystems. The model is based on the principles of cross-diffusion, consider the interaction between two plant species in a forest environment. The model considers various parameters, like diffusion, growth and interaction coefficients and environmental capacities between species. Factors of influence of external conditions on each species of plants are also introduced. The differential equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. This paper studies cross-diffusion dynamics by combini

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Collalti, A., S. Marconi, A. Ibrom, et al. "Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for 10 European forest sites." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 2 (2016): 479–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-479-2016.

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Abstract. This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP), against eddy covariance GPP data for 10 FLUXNET forest sites across Europe. A new carbon allocation module, coupled with new both phenological and autotrophic respiration schemes, was implemented in this new daily version. Model ability in reproducing timing and magnitude of daily and monthly GPP fluctuations is validated at intra-annual and inter-annual scale, including extreme anomalous seasons. With the purpose to test the 3D-CMCC

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Collalti, A., S. Marconi, A. Ibrom, et al. "Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for ten European forest sites." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 8 (2015): 6867–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6867-2015.

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Abstract. This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary production (GPP), against eddy covariance GPP data for ten FLUXNET forest sites across Europe. A new carbon allocation module, coupled with new both phenological and autotrophic respiration schemes, was implemented in this new version. Model ability in reproducing timing and magnitude of daily and monthly GPP fluctuations is validated at intra-annual and inter-annual scale, including extreme anomalous seasons. With the purpose to test the 3D-CMCC FEM ap

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Maury, Olivier. "An overview of APECOSM, a spatialized mass balanced “Apex Predators ECOSystem Model” to study physiologically structured tuna population dynamics in their ecosystem." Progress in oceanography 84, no. 1-2 (2010): 113–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2009.09.013.

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This paper gives an overview of the ecosystem model APECOSM (Apex Predators ECOSystem Model) which is developed in the framework of the GLOBEC-CLIOTOP Programme. APECOSM represents the flow of energy through the ecosystem with a size-resolved structure in both space and time. The uptake and use of energy for growth, maintenance and reproduction by the organisms are modelled according to the DEB (dynamic energy budget) theory (Kooijmann, 2000) and the size-structured nature of predation is explicit. The pelagic community is divided into epipelagic and mesopelagic groups, the latter being subdiv

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Seydi, Seyd Teymoor, Seyed Ali Ahmadi, Arsalan Ghorbanian, and Meisam Amani. "Land Cover Mapping in a Mangrove Ecosystem Using Hybrid Selective Kernel-Based Convolutional Neural Networks and Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Imagery." Remote Sensing 16, no. 15 (2024): 2849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16152849.

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Mangrove ecosystems provide numerous ecological services and serve as vital habitats for a wide range of flora and fauna. Thus, accurate mapping and monitoring of relevant land covers in mangrove ecosystems are crucial for effective conservation and management efforts. In this study, we proposed a novel approach for mangrove ecosystem mapping using a Hybrid Selective Kernel-based Convolutional Neural Network (HSK-CNN) framework and multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. A time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products derived from Sentinel-2 imagery was produced to captu

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Yang, Xingyue, and Donna Delparte. "A Procedural Modeling Approach for Ecosystem Services and Geodesign Visualization in Old Town Pocatello, Idaho." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081228.

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City population has been growing rapidly worldwide due to urban expansion, which can bring negative impacts on local ecosystem services (ES). Efficient tools for urban design and visualization are essential for city planners and stakeholders to better understand the valuation impact of plans for future sustainable development. Current urban design methods are mainly based on a 2D perspective and lack vertical visualization. Although conventional 3D modeling was introduced to address these limitations, it still has some challenges, such as requiring powerful computing resources and specialized

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Nengsih, Nengsih, Anandita Eka Setiadi Eka, and Ari Sunandar. "Development of augmented reality learning media based on assemblr studio web in ecosystem material." JINoP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran) 9, no. 2 (2023): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jinop.v9i2.25251.

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Augmented Reality displays realistic-looking 3D animations. Learning media utilizing Augmented Reality can assist students in comprehending Biology education, particularly ecosystem materials, with greater concreteness. This study reports the development of Augmented Reality learning media based on Assemblr Studio Web, known for its validity and positive response from students. The research employs the Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 3D modification development model derived from the 4D model developed by Thiagarajan. The Augmented Reality learning media based on Assemblr St

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Faure, Vincent, Christel Pinazo, Jean-Pascal Torréton, and Pascal Douillet. "Relevance of various formulations of phytoplankton chlorophyll a:carbon ratio in a 3D marine ecosystem model." Comptes Rendus Biologies 329, no. 10 (2006): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2006.07.006.

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Schernewski, Gerald, Thomas Neumann, Sarah Piehl, and Nicole M. Swer. "Ecosystem-Model-Based Valuation of Ecosystem Services in a Baltic Lagoon: Long-Term Human Technical Interventions and Short-Term Variability." Environments 12, no. 2 (2025): 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12020035.

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We conducted 3D ecosystem model simulations over a 10-year period, supplemented by socio-economic data, to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by the large, shallow Oder/Szczecin Lagoon. Our analysis focused on three scenarios reflecting the progressive deepening of the navigational waterway across the lagoon: from 6 m (1880) to 10.5 m (1984) and finally to 12.5 m (2023). For the 10.5 m scenario, the total value of all six ecosystem services was estimated at EUR 272 million/year, or approximately EUR 0.4 million/year/km2. The individual contributions of each ecosystem service were as foll

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Gerigk, Christoph. "Underwater Digital Twin of Yuba Island: Mapping a Large-Scale Marine Ecosystem through Photogrammetry and 3D Modeling." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-2/W10-2025 (July 7, 2025): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-2-w10-2025-87-2025.

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Abstract. The project involved creating a high-resolution digital twin of the underwater environment surrounding Yuba Island, a pristine site in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The goal was to replicate the experience of diving in this environment, 3D mapping approximately 147 ha underwater and 290 ha above water, completed within six months. The 3D model was designed to be highly accurate, featuring true-to-life textures and colors, and georeferenced with a depth accuracy of ±0.10 m relative to local Mean Sea Level (MSL). The mapping covered coral reefs, fringing reefs, pinnacles, sand, caves, cha

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Crimaldi, Mariano, Fabrizio Cartenì, Giuliano Bonanomi, and Francesco Giannino. "Integration of a System Dynamics Model and 3D Tree Rendering—VISmaF Part II: Model Development, Results and Potential Agronomic Applications." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010218.

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Biological–mathematical models of trees can be exploited for a wide range of agronomic applications including crop management, visualization of ecosystem changes over time, in-field phenotyping, crop load effects, testing of plant functions, biomechanics, and many others. Some models propose a 3D output of tree that, in addition to having functionality to visualize the result, offers an additional tool for the evaluation of some parameters of the model itself (interception and amount of light, temperature, obstacles, physical competition between multiple trees). The present study introduces a

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Liu, Hua, Xiaofen Lin, Jinhuan Wei, and Lei Hu. "Assessing Environmental Sustainability Based on the Three-Dimensional Emergy Ecological Footprint (3D EEF) Model: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 8007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108007.

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Quantifying the supply and demand relationship between human social consumption and natural ecosystem resources is an effective way to assess the sustainability of ecosystem services. This paper introduces the concepts of footprint size (EFsize) and depth (EFdepth) to emergy analysis to establish a three-dimensional emergy ecological footprint (3D EEF) model and evaluates the environmental sustainability development of Gansu Province from 2001 to 2020. The results show that the minimum value of the 3D emergy ecological footprint (EEF3D) of Gansu Province was 5.98 × 107 hm2 and that the maximum

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Rodríguez-Lozano, Borja, Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero, Lisa Maggioli, and Yolanda Cantón. "Non-Destructive Biomass Estimation in Mediterranean Alpha Steppes: Improving Traditional Methods for Measuring Dry and Green Fractions by Combining Proximal Remote Sensing Tools." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (2021): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152970.

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The Mediterranean region is experiencing a stronger warming effect than other regions, which has generated a cascade of negative impacts on productivity, biodiversity, and stability of the ecosystem. To monitor ecosystem status and dynamics, aboveground biomass (AGB) is a good indicator, being a surrogate of many ecosystem functions and services and one of the main terrestrial carbon pools. Thus, accurate methodologies for AGB estimation are needed. This has been traditionally done by performing direct field measurements. However, field-based methods, such as biomass harvesting, are destructiv

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Ma, Zhibin, Yanqi Dong, Jiali Zi, Fu Xu, and Feixiang Chen. "Forest-PointNet: A Deep Learning Model for Vertical Structure Segmentation in Complex Forest Scenes." Remote Sensing 15, no. 19 (2023): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194793.

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The vertical structure of forest ecosystems influences and reflects ecosystem functioning. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables the rapid acquisition of 3D forest information and subsequent reconstruction of the vertical structure, which provides new support for acquiring forest vertical structure information. We focused on artificial forest sample plots in the north-central of Nanning, Guangxi, China as the research area. Forest sample point cloud data were obtained through TLS. By accurately capturing the gradient information of the forest vertical structure, a classification boundary wa

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Ruess, Stefan, Gernot Paulus, and Stefan Lang. "Automated Derivation of Vine Objects and Ecosystem Structures Using UAS-Based Data Acquisition, 3D Point Cloud Analysis, and OBIA." Applied Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 3264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083264.

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This study delves into the analysis of a vineyard in Carinthia, Austria, focusing on the automated derivation of ecosystem structures of individual vine parameters, including vine heights, leaf area index (LAI), leaf surface area (LSA), and the geographic positioning of single plants. For the derivation of these parameters, intricate segmentation processes and nuanced UAS-based data acquisition techniques are necessary. The detection of single vines was based on 3D point cloud data, generated at a phenological stage in which the plants were in the absence of foliage. The mean distance from der

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Neumann, Thomas, and Gerald Schernewski. "Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea and shifts in nitrogen fixation analyzed with a 3D ecosystem model." Journal of Marine Systems 74, no. 1-2 (2008): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.05.003.

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Hirata, Takafumi, Stephane Saux-Picart, Taketo Hashioka, et al. "A comparison between phytoplankton community structures derived from a global 3D ecosystem model and satellite observation." Journal of Marine Systems 109-110 (January 2013): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.01.009.

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Hou, Yaohui, Jianwen Song, and Lijun Wang. "P‐2.27: Application of 3D reconstruction technology in VR industry." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (2023): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16361.

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VR content is a key link in building a VR ecosystem, but the extreme lack of high-quality content has become the core shortcoming restricting the development of the VR industry, so in the medium and long term, the VR industry will shift from hardware technology upgrades to high-quality content-oriented, and is expected to usher in a new round of growth driven by business model innovation and content explosion. With 3D reconstruction, users can experience virtual scenes visually and audibly. The development of 3D reconstruction technology will bring great changes to existing players, and also g

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"The Uncertainties of Ecosystems with the Fluvial Hydrodynamics LUO Ching-Ruey (Edward)." International Journal of Engineering & Science 14, no. 6 (2025): 144–53. https://doi.org/10.9790/1813-1406144153.

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Fluvial ecosystems, a colorful platform of the interactions between human being and environment. The hydrologists and the geomorphologists summarize the idea of relevant factors of regional context, which including watershed hydrology, watershed geomorphology, water quality, stream and riparian ecology and stream/river hydraulics, such as water depth, width of channel, flow velocity, bed material and slope of stream/river, to transport nutrient and thermal regimes changing temporally and spatial, make the ecosystem alive. And they are obviously important of watershed management on decision sup

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Crimaldi, Mariano, Fabrizio Cartenì, and Francesco Giannino. "VISmaF: Synthetic Tree for Immersive Virtual Visualization in Smart Farming. Part I: Scientific Background Review and Model Proposal." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (2021): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122458.

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Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) has received increasing interest in both research and the entertainment industry. Recent advancements in computer graphics allowed researchers and companies to create large-scale virtual environments with growing resolution and complexity. Among the different applications, the generation of biological assets is a relevant task that implies challenges due to the extreme complexity associated with natural structures. An example is represented by trees, whose composition made by thousands of leaves, branches, branchlets, and stems with oriented directions is hard

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Canevese, E. P., and T. De Gottardo. "BEYOND POINT CLOUDS AND VIRTUAL REALITY. INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1 (May 19, 2017): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-685-2017.

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The morphometric and photogrammetric knowledge, combined with the historical research, are the indispensable prerequisites for the protection and enhancement of historical, architectural and cultural heritage. <br><br> Nowadays the use of BIM (Building Information Modeling) as a supporting tool for restoration and conservation purposes is becoming more and more popular. However this tool is not fully adequate in this context because of its simplified representation of three-dimensional models, resulting from solid modelling techniques (mostly used in virtual reality) causing the lo

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Aiello, D., A. Basso, M. T. Spena, et al. "THE VIRTUAL BATCAVE: A PROJECT FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF A UNESCO WHL FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-17-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This abstract illustrates an interdisciplinary research project which focuses on the study, conservation and enhancement, through 3D digitization and virtual fruition, of an asset of great naturalistic, historical and ethnoanthropological value: Grotta dei Pipistrelli of Pantalica Nature Reserve (Sortino, SR). The cave (located in the Calcinara necropolis) is characterized by a great beauty as well as by a high cultural relevance and a remarkable scientific importance. In 2005, it awarded the UNESCO World Heritage title for its high historic, arc

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Baracchini, Theo, Philip Y. Chu, Jonas Šukys, et al. "Data assimilation of in situ and satellite remote sensing data to 3D hydrodynamic lake models: a case study using Delft3D-FLOW v4.03 and OpenDA v2.4." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 3 (2020): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1267-2020.

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Abstract. The understanding of physical dynamics is crucial to provide scientifically credible information on lake ecosystem management. We show how the combination of in situ observations, remote sensing data, and three-dimensional hydrodynamic (3D) numerical simulations is capable of resolving various spatiotemporal scales involved in lake dynamics. This combination is achieved through data assimilation (DA) and uncertainty quantification. In this study, we develop a flexible framework by incorporating DA into 3D hydrodynamic lake models. Using an ensemble Kalman filter, our approach account

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Li, Xiao Yan, Chun Hui Wang, and Xian Qing Lv. "Estimation of the Parameters in a Dynamical Marine Ecosystem Model Based on the Adjoint Assimilation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 2419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.2419.

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By utilizing spatial biological parameterizations, the adjoint variational method was applied to a 3D marine ecosystem model (NPZD-type) and its adjoint model which were built on global scale based on climatological environment and data. When the spatially varying Vm (maximum uptake rate of nutrient by phytoplankton) was estimated alone, we discussed how would the distribution schemes of spatial parameterization and influence radius affected the results. The reduced cost function (RCF), the mean absolute error (MAE) of phytoplankton in the surface layer, and the relative error (RE) of Vm betwe

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Anderson, Thomas R., Dag O. Hessen, A. Mitra, Daniel J. Mayor, and Andrew Yool. "Sensitivity of secondary production and export flux to choice of trophic transfer formulation in marine ecosystem models." Journal of Marine Systems 125 (September 1, 2013): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.09.008.

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The performance of four contemporary formulations describing trophic transfer, which have strongly contrasting assumptions as regards the way that consumer growth is calculated as a function of food C:N ratio and in the fate of non-limiting substrates, was compared in two settings: a simple steady-state ecosystem model and a 3D biogeochemical general circulation model. Considerable variation was seen in predictions for primary production, transfer to higher trophic levels and export to the ocean interior. The physiological basis of the various assumptions underpinning the chosen formulations i

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Nowicki, Artur, Daniel Rak, Maciej Janecki, and Lidia Dzierzbicka-Glowacka. "Accuracy assessment of temperature and salinity computed by the 3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea (3D CEMBS) in the Southern Baltic." Journal of Operational Oceanography 9, no. 1 (2016): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2016.1209368.

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Sahat Maruli Simanjuntak, Yogi, and Tatsuhiko Uchida. "Quasi-3D model to simulate flow in straight channels within vegetation patches." E3S Web of Conferences 603 (2025): 01013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560301013.

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Understanding the interaction between flow dynamics and riparian vegetation is essential for effective river management and conservation of the river environment, including the river ecosystem. Numerical simulations have emerged as a valuable tool for this purpose, offering cost-effective and scalable approach. In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis between the Bottom Velocity Computation (BVC) method for quasi-three-dimensional models, which is the enhanced depth-integrated model with sub-grid three-dimensional model, conventional two-dimensional model, and three-dimensional model

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Necker, Fabian N., David J. Cholok, Mohammed S. Shaheen, et al. "Leveraging the Apple Ecosystem: Easy Viewing and Sharing of Three-dimensional Perforator Visualizations via iPad/iPhone-based Augmented Reality." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 7 (2024): e5940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005940.

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Summary: We introduce a novel technique using augmented reality (AR) on smartphones and tablets, making it possible for surgeons to review perforator anatomy in three dimensions on the go. Autologous breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps remains challenging due to the highly variable anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric artery. Computed tomography angiography has mitigated some but not all challenges. Previously, volume rendering and different headsets were used to enable better three-dimensional (3D) review for surgeons. However, surgeons have been dependent on others to provide 3D im

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Purwandani, Andri, Wiwin Ambarwulan, Aninda W. Rudiastuti, et al. "Preliminary approach of oil spill model: A hindcasting with in situ data and numerical model in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 9, no. 1 (2025): 10173. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd10173.

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Oil spills (OS) in waters can have major consequences for the ecosystem and adjacent natural resources. Therefore, recognizing the OS spread pattern is crucial for supporting decision-making in disaster management. On 31 March 2018, an OS occurred in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia, due to a ship’s anchor rupturing a seafloor crude oil petroleum pipe. The purpose of this study is to investigate the propagation of crude OS using coupled three-dimensional (3D) model from DHI MIKE software and remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar). MIKE3 FM predicts and simulates the 3D sea

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Pache, Robert-George, Ioan Vasile Abrudan, and Mihai-Daniel Niță. "Economic Valuation of Carbon Storage and Sequestration in Retezat National Park, Romania." Forests 12, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010043.

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Carbon storage and sequestration is one of the most important services provided by forest ecosystems, the most powerful tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Its value is not always captured and appreciated at a fair level, with people taking for granted these benefits provided by the ecosystems. Our first objective was to evaluate the amount of carbon storage and sequestration within a specific area—Retezat National Park (RNP), Romania, in a specific timeframe, using mainly the data from forest management plans. The second objective was to estimate the economic value of the carb

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Nurmemet, Ilyas, Yilizhati Aili, Yang Xiang, Aihepa Aihaiti, Yu Qin, and Bilali Aizezi. "A Three-Dimensional Feature Space Model for Soil Salinity Inversion in Arid Oases: Polarimetric SAR and Multispectral Data Synergy." Agronomy 15, no. 7 (2025): 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15071590.

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Effective soil salinity monitoring is crucial for sustainable land management in arid regions. Most current studies face limitations by relying solely on single-source data. This study presents a novel three-dimensional (3D) optical-radar feature space model combining Gaofen-3 polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 multispectral data for China’s Yutian Oasis. The random forest (RF) feature selection algorithm identified three optimal parameters: Huynen_vol (volume scattering component), RVI_Freeman (radar vegetation index), and NDSI (normalized difference salinity index). B

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Gadi, Anil Lokesh. "Enhancing Vehicle Lifecycle Management through Integrated Data Platforms and IoT Connectivity." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 12 (2019): 24973–92. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijecs.v8i12.4443.

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The automotive business has transitioned from analogue to digital and is predicted to undergo an even bigger transformation, thanks to developments in digitalisation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Comprehensive digital ecosystems will be developed by networks that comprehensively link vehicles, technology, services, and people with both external and internal environments. In these ecosystems, navigating the three-dimensional (3D) open space of vehicle, technology, service, and demand involvement will produce commercial values using digital twins and data and servic

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Xu, Haifeng, Yongjian Huai, Xun Zhao, et al. "SK-TreePCN: Skeleton-Embedded Transformer Model for Point Cloud Completion of Individual Trees from Simulated to Real Data." Remote Sensing 17, no. 4 (2025): 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040656.

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Tree structural information is essential for studying forest ecosystem functions, driving mechanisms, and global change response mechanisms. Although current terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can acquire high-precision 3D structural information of forests, mutual occlusion between trees, the scanner’s field of view, and terrain changes make the point clouds captured by laser scanning sensors incomplete, further hindering downstream tasks. This study proposes a skeleton-embedded tree point cloud completion method, termed SK-TreePCN, which recovers complete individual tree point clouds from incom

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Leon, Luis F., Jason P. Antenucci, Yerubandi R. Rao, and Craig McCrimmon. "Summary performance of the Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM): application in the Laurentian and other Great Lakes." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 3-4 (2012): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.022.

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The use of sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic models is often required to simulate the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in large lakes. Recently, coupled lake–atmosphere models have also been developed to resolve the spatial distribution of the thermal behavior in lakes and to assess the feedback mechanisms at the air–water interface. In the studies summarized in this paper, the 3D Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) acts as the hydrodynamic driver that provides temperature, salinity, and the transport fields that, if coupled with the Computational Aquatic E

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Wang, Bin, Hu Sun, Arthur P. Cracknell, et al. "Detection and Quantification of Forest-Agriculture Ecotones Caused by Returning Farmland to Forest Program Using Unmanned Aircraft Imagery." Diversity 14, no. 5 (2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14050406.

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The ‘Returning Farmland to Forest Program’ (RFFP) in China has become an essential factor in land cover changes and forest transition, especially in terms of the ecological processes between two adjacent ecosystems. However, accurately delineating ecotones is still a big challenge for vegetation and landscape ecologists. Acquiring high spatial resolution imagery from a small, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) provides new opportunities for studying ecotones at a small scale. This study aims to extract forest-agriculture ecotones by RGB ultrahigh-resolution images from a small UAS and quantify the

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