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Journal articles on the topic '3D Electron diffraction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Gemmi, Mauro, and Arianna E. Lanza. "3D electron diffraction techniques." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 75, no. 4 (2019): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520619007510.

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3D electron diffraction is an emerging technique for the structural analysis of nanocrystals. The challenges that 3D electron diffraction has to face for providing reliable data for structure solution and the different ways of overcoming these challenges are described. The route from zone axis patterns towards 3D electron diffraction techniques such as precession-assisted electron diffraction tomography, rotation electron diffraction and continuous rotation is also discussed. Finally, the advantages of the new hybrid detectors with high sensitivity and fast readout are demonstrated with a proo

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2

Cho, Jungyoun, and Xiaodong Zou. "Revealing structural details with 3D electron diffraction/microcrystal electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 78, a1 (2022): a217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273322097820.

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3

Beanland, R. "3D electron diffraction goes multipolar." IUCrJ 11, no. 3 (2024): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252524003774.

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Schröder, Rasmus R., and Christoph Burmester. "Improvements in electron diffraction of frozen hydrated crystals by energy filtering and large-area single-electron detection." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100149167.

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Diffraction patterns of 3D protein crystals embedded in vitrious ice are critical to record. Inelastically scattered electrons almost completely superimpose the diffraction pattern of crystals if the thickness of the crystal is higher than the mean free path of electrons in the specimen. Figure 1 shows such an example of an unfiltered electron diffraction pattern from a frozen hydrated 3D catalase crystal. However, for thin 2D crystals electron diffraction has been the state of the art method to determine the Fourier amplitudes for reconstructions to atomic level, and in one case the possibili

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Schmidt, Ella Mara, Yasar Krysiak, Paul Benjamin Klar, Lukas Palatinus, Reinhard B. Neder та Andrew L. Goodwin. "3D-ΔPDF from electron diffraction data". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321095994.

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6

Gemmi, Mauro, Enrico Mugnaioli, Tatiana E. Gorelik, et al. "3D Electron Diffraction: The Nanocrystallography Revolution." ACS Central Science 5, no. 8 (2019): 1315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00394.

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7

Mei, Kaili, Kejia Zhang, Jungu Xu, and Zhengyang Zhou. "The Application of 3D-ED to Distinguish the Superstructure of Sr1.2Ca0.8Nb2O7 Ignored in SC-XRD." Crystals 13, no. 6 (2023): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060924.

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Compared to X-rays, electrons have stronger interactions with matter. In electron diffraction, the low-order structure factors are sensitive to subtle changes in the arrangement of valence electrons around atoms when the scattering vector is smaller than the critical scattering vector. Therefore, electron diffraction is more advantageous for studying the distribution of atoms in the structure with atomic numbers smaller than that of sulfur. In this work, the crystal structure of Sr1.2Ca0.8Nb2O7 (SCNO-0.8) was analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and three-dimensional electr

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Cho, Jung, Ambarneil Saha, and Matthew Mecklenburg. "Sub-Atomic Resolution Imaging of Crystals by Electron Diffraction." Structural Dynamics 12, no. 2_Supplement (2025): A243. https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000549.

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Conventional microscope imaging involves a Fourier transform into reciprocal space and the inverse process onto the detector, typically a camera. This direct imaging in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can achieve resolutions smaller than the Bohr radius, but at the cost of high electron fluxes, such as ∼108 e−/Å2/s (10 pA in a 1 Å diameter probe). New methods such as ptychography can assign phases to the diffracted electrons directly. This imaging produces projections of resolved atomic positions without the need of a corrector, but still requires high electron fluxes, that inhibit acce

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NISHIYAMA, Yusuke. "3D Electron Diffraction and Solid-State NMR." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 64, no. 3 (2022): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.64.201.

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10

Meents, A., V. Hennicke, M. Hachmann, et al. "3D structure determination with MeV electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 79, a2 (2023): C309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273323093063.

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11

Palatinus, Lukáš, Cinthia Corrêa, Gwladys Mouillard, Philippe Boullay, and Damien Jacob. "Accurate structure refinement from 3D electron diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096259.

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Structure determination from electron diffraction data has seen an enormous progress over the past few years. At present, complex structures with hundreds of atoms in the unit cell can be solved from electron diffraction using the concept of electron diffraction tomography (EDT), possibly combined with precession electron diffraction (PED) [1]. Unfortunately, the initial model is typically optimized using the kinematical approximation to calculate model diffracted intensities. This approximation is quite inaccurate for electron diffraction and leads to high figures of merit and inaccurate resu

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Vlahakis, Niko, James Holton, Nicholas K. Sauter, Peter Ercius, Aaron S. Brewster, and Jose A. Rodriguez. "3D Nanocrystallography and the Imperfect Molecular Lattice." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 75, no. 1 (2024): 483–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-105226.

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Crystallographic analysis relies on the scattering of quanta from arrays of atoms that populate a repeating lattice. While large crystals built of lattices that appear ideal are sought after by crystallographers, imperfections are the norm for molecular crystals. Additionally, advanced X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, used for crystallography, have opened the possibility of interrogating micro- and nanoscale crystals, with edges only millions or even thousands of molecules long. These crystals exist in a size regime that approximates the lower bounds for traditional models of crystal

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Cho, Jung, and Matthew Mecklenburg. "On the Optimal Camera for Electron Diffraction Detection." Structural Dynamics 12, no. 2_Supplement (2025): A242. https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000548.

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3D electron diffraction (3D ED), or microcrystal electron diffraction (microED), is a technique that facilitates access to high-resolution single crystal data from sub-micrometer sized crystals. Unlike imaging techniques that require state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) equipped with aberration correctors and direct electron detectors, 3D ED/microED can be run on conventional TEMs using almost any available camera. Many parameters that go into optimizing camera performance for electron diffraction are orthogonal to parameters required for high quality direct imaging. Examp

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14

Hovmöller, Sven, Devinder SINGH, Wei Wan, Yifeng Yun, Benjamin Grushko, and Xiaodong Zou. "Quasicrystal approximants solved by Rotation Electron Diffraction (RED)." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088044.

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We have developed single crystal electron diffraction for powder-sized samples, i.e. < 0.1μm in all dimensions. Complete 3D electron diffraction is collected by Rotation Electron Diffraction (RED) in about one hour. Data processing takes another hour. The crystal structures are solved by standard crystallographic techniques. X-ray crystallography requires crystals several micrometers big. For nanometer sized crystals, electron diffraction and electron microscopy (EM) are the only possibilities. Modern transmission EMs are equipped with the two things that are necessary for turning them into

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15

Lanza, Arianna, Eleonora Margheritis, Enrico Mugnaioli, Valentina Cappello, Gianpiero Garau, and Mauro Gemmi. "Nanobeam precession-assisted 3D electron diffraction reveals a new polymorph of hen egg-white lysozyme." IUCrJ 6, no. 2 (2019): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518017657.

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Recent advances in 3D electron diffraction have allowed the structure determination of several model proteins from submicrometric crystals, the unit-cell parameters and structures of which could be immediately validated by known models previously obtained by X-ray crystallography. Here, the first new protein structure determined by 3D electron diffraction data is presented: a previously unobserved polymorph of hen egg-white lysozyme. This form, with unit-cell parameters a = 31.9, b = 54.4, c = 71.8 Å, β = 98.8°, grows as needle-shaped submicrometric crystals simply by vapor diffusion starting

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16

Xu, Hongyi, and Xiaodong Zou. "Structure determination of biomolecules by 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321094460.

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17

Kodjikian, Stéphanie, Holger Klein, Christophe Lepoittevin, et al. "Identifying almost identical phases by 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096260.

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Magnetically frustrated materials have been the subject of many studies over the last decades. In search for a 3-dimensional quantum spin liquid, where quantum-mechanical fluctuations prevent magnetic order, different phases of stoichiometry Ba3NiSb2O9 have recently [1] been synthesized some of them at high pressure. Two of these phases are hexagonal. The hexagonal phases (space groups P63/mmc and P63mc, respectively) have different structures but cell parameters that differ by less than 1%. Similar phases have been obtained with Cu [2] or Co [3]. These phases are well distinguished by powder

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18

Palatinus, Lukas, and Petr Brázda. "Data processing of 3D precession electron diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (2019): e406-e406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319091502.

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19

Midgley, Paul. "Precession Electron Diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099872.

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The strong Coulombic interaction between a high energy electron and a thin crystal film gives rise to electron diffraction patterns encoded with information that is remarkably sensitive to the crystal potential. That exquisite sensitivity can be advantageous, for example in the determination of local symmetry and bonding, but can also be problematic in that in general the dynamical scattering inherent in electron diffraction prohibits the use of conventional crystallographic methods to recover structure factor phase information and solve unknown structures. One way to reduce this problem is to

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20

Dimmeler, E., K. C. Holmes, and R. R. Schröder. "Determination of Tilt Parameters in Electron Diffraction Patterns of 3D-Microcrystals." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 1049–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012137.

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Electron crystallography of thin three-dimensional (3D) protein crystals requires very exact determination of tilt angles and spot profiles to obtain correct merging of diffraction spot amplitudes. The reciprocal lattice of 3D microcrystals consists of ellipsoidal spot profiles which are very extended in the direction normal to the crystal face (z*). To extrapolate from the intensity measured in a section to the total spot intensity, two features need to be known very exactly: 1. the orientation of reciprocal lattice relative to the Ewald sphere, 2. the 3D-shape of the spot cloud.Fig. 1 shows

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Hovmöller, S., P. Oleynikov, J. Sun, D. Zhang, and X. Zou. "Quantitative 3D electron diffraction data by precession and electron rotation methods." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (2008): C76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308097560.

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22

Polovinkin, Vitaly, Krishna Khakurel, Michal Babiak, et al. "Demonstration of electron diffraction from membrane protein crystals grown in a lipidic mesophase after lamella preparation by focused ion beam milling at cryogenic temperatures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 6 (2020): 1416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720013096.

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Electron crystallography of sub-micrometre-sized 3D protein crystals has emerged recently as a valuable field of structural biology. In meso crystallization methods, utilizing lipidic mesophases, particularly lipidic cubic phases (LCPs), can produce high-quality 3D crystals of membrane proteins (MPs). A major step towards realizing 3D electron crystallography of MP crystals, grown in meso, is to demonstrate electron diffraction from such crystals. The first task is to remove the viscous and sticky lipidic matrix that surrounds the crystals without damaging the crystals. Additionally, the cryst

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23

Hager, Paul, and Xiaodong Zou. "Automated serial (rotation) electron diffraction for high-throughput structure determination and phase analysis of complex polycrystalline samples." Structural Dynamics 12, no. 2_Supplement (2025): A106. https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000415.

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Crystals, too small for single crystal X-ray diffraction and phase mixtures, too complex for powder X-ray diffraction have long presented a significant challenge in the fields of materials science and pharmaceutical industry. During the past decade, three- dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) or microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED), has made large breakthroughs in structure determination of nano- and microcrystals, from inorganic porous materials such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks, to organic pharmaceuticals and proteins. Electron diffraction has also a unique advantage i

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Brazda, Petr. "How 3D electron diffraction reveals all about crystal structure." Structural Dynamics 12, no. 2_Supplement (2025): A124. https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000433.

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Structure analysis using 3D electron diffraction (3D ED, aka ADT, cRED, MicroED) data has become increasingly popular among chemists and materials scientists for its ability to solve crystal structures from single nanocrystals. Despite substantial progress in this method, it is still generally considered to provide relatively low-accuracy structure models, unsuitable for all but basic crystallographic analysis. Recent advances in data acquisition, data processing in PETS2 [1], including determination of the exact experimental geometry, and dynamical refinement in Jana2020/Dyngo [2] with modeli

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25

Hata, Satoshi, Hiromitsu Furukawa, Takashi Gondo, et al. "Electron tomography imaging methods with diffraction contrast for materials research." Microscopy 69, no. 3 (2020): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfaa002.

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ABSTRACT Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) enable the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures ranging from atomic to micrometer scales using 3D reconstruction techniques based on computed tomography algorithms. This 3D microscopy method is called electron tomography (ET) and has been utilized in the fields of materials science and engineering for more than two decades. Although atomic resolution is one of the current topics in ET research, the development and deployment of intermediate-resolution (non-atomic-resolution)

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26

Gorelik, Tatiana E., Berkin Nergis, Tobias Schöner, Janis Köster, and Ute Kaiser. "3D electron diffraction of mono- and few-layer MoS2." Micron 146 (July 2021): 103071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2021.103071.

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27

Cho, Jungyoun, Xiaodong Zou, and Tom Willhammar. "Unravelling unforeseen disorders in silicates with 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321084324.

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28

Broadhurst, Edward Thomas. "Polymorphism within molecular systems revelaed by 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321084336.

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29

Klar, Paul Benjamin, Petr Brázda, Yasar Krysiak, Mariana Klementová, and Lukas Palatinus. "Absolute configuration directly determined from 3D electron diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321094721.

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Gemmi, Mauro, Enrico Mugnaioli, Roman Kaiukov, Stefano Toso, Luca De Trizio, and Liberato Manna. "3D electron diffraction on nanoparticles with a complex structure." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876732109601x.

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Hovmöller, Sven, Daliang Zhang, Daniel Grüner, Xiaodong Zou, and Peter Oleynikov. "Collecting 3D electron diffraction data for crystal structure determination." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 65, a1 (2009): s228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767309095312.

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32

Cordero Oyonarte, Erica, L. Rebecchi, V. Pralong, I. Kriegel, and P. Boullay. "3D electron diffraction for accurate structure analysis of nanoparticles." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 80, a1 (2024): e304-e304. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273324096955.

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Zou, X., D. Zhang, P. Oleynikov, J. Sun, and S. Hovmöller. "3D Structure Determination from HRTEM and Electron Diffraction Tomography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S2 (2009): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609099413.

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34

Nannenga, Brent. "Biomolecular structure determination by electron diffraction of 3D microcrystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a2 (2018): e5-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318095189.

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35

Agbemeh, V. E., D. Sonaglioni, I. Andrusenko, E. Husanu, and M. Gemmi. "Structural study of organic cocrystals using 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 78, a2 (2022): a635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273322091380.

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36

Bourda, L., S. Ito, C. Göb, P. Van Der Voort, and K. Van Hecke. "Electron diffraction analysis of a 3D covalent organic framework." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 79, a2 (2023): C1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273323085248.

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37

Jiang, Linhua, Dilyana Georgieva, Igor Nederlof, Zunfeng Liu, and Jan Pieter Abrahams. "Image Processing and Lattice Determination for Three-Dimensional Nanocrystals." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 6 (2011): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611012244.

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AbstractThree-dimensional nanocrystals can be studied by electron diffraction using transmission cryo-electron microscopy. For molecular structure determination of proteins, such nanosized crystalline samples are out of reach for traditional single-crystal X-ray crystallography. For the study of materials that are not sensitive to the electron beam, software has been developed for determining the crystal lattice and orientation parameters. These methods require radiation-hard materials that survive careful orienting of the crystals and measuring diffraction of one and the same crystal from dif

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Nakano, Miki, Osamu Miyashita, Slavica Jonic, et al. "Three-dimensional reconstruction for coherent diffraction patterns obtained by XFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 4 (2017): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517007767.

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The three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis of single particles using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is a new structural biology technique that enables observations of molecules that are difficult to crystallize, such as flexible biomolecular complexes and living tissue in the state close to physiological conditions. In order to restore the 3D structure from the diffraction patterns obtained by the XFEL, computational algorithms are necessary as the orientation of the incident beam with respect to the sample needs to be estimated. A program package for XFEL single-particle analysis bas

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Zou, Xiaodong. "Single Crystal 3D Rotation Electron Diffraction from Nano-sized Crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314096338.

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Electron crystallography is an important technique for structure analysis of nano-sized materials. Crystals too small or too complicated to be studied by X-ray diffraction can be investigated by electron crystallography. However, conventional TEM methods requires high TEM skills and strong crystallographic knowledge, which many synthetic materials scientists and chemists do not have. We recently developed the software-based Rotation Electron Diffraction (RED) method for automated collection and processing of 3D electron diffraction data. Complete single crystal 3D electron diffraction data can

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Su, Jie, Yue-Biao Zhang, Yifeng Yun, et al. "The First Covalent Organic Framework solved by Rotation Electron Diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098088.

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an exciting new type of porous organic materials, which are constructed with organic building units via strong covalent bonds.[1] The structure determination of COFs is challenging, due to the difficulty in growing sufficiently large crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction, and low resolution and peak broadening for powder X-ray diffraction. Crystal structures of COFs are typically determined by modelling building with the aid of geometry principles in reticular chemistry and powder X-ray diffraction data. Here, we report the single-c

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Yang, Taimin, Hongyi Xu, and Xiaodong Zou. "Improving data quality for 3D electron diffraction (3D-ED) by Gatan Image Filter." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (2021): C160—C161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321095210.

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Nguyen, Ha L. "Reticular design and crystal structure determination of covalent organic frameworks." Chemical Science 12, no. 25 (2021): 8632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00738f.

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This article describes the conceptual basis of rational design in COF chemistry and comprehensively discusses the crystal structure determination of COFs using the topological approach, X-ray diffraction, and 3D electron diffraction.

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Miao, John. "Beyond Crystallography: Coherent Diffraction Imaging and Atomic Resolution Electron Tomography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409994x.

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The discovery and interpretation of X-ray diffraction from crystals by von Laue, Henry and Lawrence Bragg about a century ago marked the beginning of a new era for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structures in crystals. In 1999, the methodology of X-ray crystallography was extended to allow the structure determination of non-crystalline specimens, which is known as coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) or lensless imaging. In CDI, the diffraction pattern of a non-crystalline sample or a nanocrystal is first measured and then directly phased to obtain an image. The well-known phase p

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Leung, Helen W., Roy C. B. Copley, Duncan N. Johnstone, and Paul A. Midgley. "Combining 3D electron diffraction with scanning electron diffraction to investigate nanocrystals within a long-acting injectable pharmaceutical formulation." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 80, a1 (2024): e305-e305. https://doi.org/10.1107/s2053273324096943.

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45

Lepoittevin, C., O. Leynaud, A. Neveu, et al. "Na2VO(HPO4)2: an original phase solved by continuous 3D electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 28 (2021): 9725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01548f.

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The new material Na<sub>2</sub>VO(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> was synthesized by sodium/proton ion exchange, and its crystal structure was solved using continuous 3D Electron Diffraction combined with powder X-ray diffraction refinement.

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46

Mayence, Arnaud, Dong Wang, German Salazar-Alvarez, Peter Oleynikov, and Lennart Bergström. "Probing planar defects in nanoparticle superlattices by 3D small-angle electron diffraction tomography and real space imaging." Nanoscale 6, no. 22 (2014): 13803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr04156a.

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Planar defects in Pd nanoparticle superlattices were revealed by a combination of real and reciprocal space transmission electron microscopy techniques. 3D electron diffraction tomography was extended to characterize mesoscale imperfections.

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Gammer, Christoph, Clemens Mangler, Hans-Peter Karnthaler, and Christian Rentenberger. "Three-Dimensional Analysis by Electron Diffraction Methods of Nanocrystalline Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 6 (2011): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611011962.

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AbstractTo analyze nanocrystalline structures quantitatively in 3D, a novel method is presented based on electron diffraction. It allows determination of the average size and morphology of the coherently scattering domains (CSD) in a straightforward way without the need to prepare multiple sections. The method is applicable to all kinds of bulk nanocrystalline materials. As an example, the average size of the CSD in nanocrystalline FeAl made by severe plastic deformation is determined in 3D. Assuming ellipsoidal CSD, it is deduced that the CSD have a width of 19 ± 2 nm, a length of 18 ± 1 nm,

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Gorelik, Tatiana E., Stefan Habermehl, Aleksandr A. Shubin, et al. "Crystal structure of copper perchlorophthalocyanine analysed by 3D electron diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 4 (2021): 662–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621006806.

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Copper perchlorophthalocyanine (CuPcCl16, CuC32N8Cl16, Pigment Green 7) is one of the commercially most important green pigments. The compound is a nanocrystalline fully insoluble powder. Its crystal structure was first addressed by electron diffraction in 1972 [Uyeda et al. (1972). J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5181–5189]. Despite the commercial importance of the compound, the crystal structure remained undetermined until now. Using a special vacuum sublimation technique, micron-sized crystals could be obtained. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) data were collected in two ways: (i) in stati

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Harrison, Patrick, Xuyang Zhou, Saurabh Mohan Das, et al. "Reconstructing grains in 3D through 4D Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (2021): 2494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621008898.

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Zou, Xiaodong, Peter Oleynikov, Daliang Zhang, Tom Willhammar, and Sven Hovmöller. "Complete 3D electron diffraction data collection - new methods and applications." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (2010): s67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767310098570.

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