Academic literature on the topic '3D Geometric morphometrics'
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Journal articles on the topic "3D Geometric morphometrics"
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Vitkovic, Nikola, Ljiljana Radovic, Miroslav Trajanovic, and Miodrag Manic. "3d point cloud model of human bio form created by the application of geometric morphometrics and method of anatomical features: human tibia example." Filomat 33, no. 4 (2019): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1904217v.
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Morphometrics refers to the quantitative analysis of a biological form and it can be used to describe its shape. Common types of geometric morphometrics are Landmark-based Geometric Morphometrics which describe shape by using anatomical landmarks (e.g. points), and Outline-based geometric morphometrics which uses envelope curves to describe shape of the biological form (e.g. bone), and they are not absolutely exclusive. Geometric morphometrics can be used for the creation of statistical models which represent shape variation of specific bio form. In this paper, novel application of geometric morphometrics for the creation of personalized models of unique bio-forms, i.e. models which are created for the specific patient is presented. Personalized model is defined as 3D point cloud model of biological form (in this case human tibia). Positions of points in 3D space are determined by using set of parametric functions defined by applying geometrical morphometrics, morphology properties and statistical analysis on the input set of human tibia samples. By using this technique, anatomically correct and geometrically accurate personalized models of bio forms can be created and used in pre, intra, and post-operative procedures in clinical practice.
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Goswami, Anjali, Akinobu Watanabe, Ryan N. Felice, Carla Bardua, Anne-Claire Fabre, and P. David Polly. "High-Density Morphometric Analysis of Shape and Integration: The Good, the Bad, and the Not-Really-a-Problem." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz120.
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Abstract The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data of thousands of species, methods for quantifying morphology that harness this rich phenotypic information are quickly emerging. Among these techniques, high-density geometric morphometric approaches provide a powerful and versatile framework to robustly characterize shape and phenotypic integration, the covariances among morphological traits. These methods are particularly useful for analyses of complex structures and across disparate taxa, which may share few landmarks of unambiguous homology. However, high-density geometric morphometrics also brings challenges, for example, with statistical, but not biological, covariances imposed by placement and sliding of semilandmarks and registration methods such as Procrustes superimposition. Here, we present simulations and case studies of high-density datasets for squamates, birds, and caecilians that exemplify the promise and challenges of high-dimensional analyses of phenotypic integration and modularity. We assess: (1) the relative merits of “big” high-density geometric morphometrics data over traditional shape data; (2) the impact of Procrustes superimposition on analyses of integration and modularity; and (3) differences in patterns of integration between analyses using high-density geometric morphometrics and those using discrete landmarks. We demonstrate that for many skull regions, 20–30 landmarks and/or semilandmarks are needed to accurately characterize their shape variation, and landmark-only analyses do a particularly poor job of capturing shape variation in vault and rostrum bones. Procrustes superimposition can mask modularity, especially when landmarks covary in parallel directions, but this effect decreases with more biologically complex covariance patterns. The directional effect of landmark variation on the position of the centroid affects recovery of covariance patterns more than landmark number does. Landmark-only and landmark-plus-sliding-semilandmark analyses of integration are generally congruent in overall pattern of integration, but landmark-only analyses tend to show higher integration between adjacent bones, especially when landmarks placed on the sutures between bones introduces a boundary bias. Allometry may be a stronger influence on patterns of integration in landmark-only analyses, which show stronger integration prior to removal of allometric effects compared to analyses including semilandmarks. High-density geometric morphometrics has its challenges and drawbacks, but our analyses of simulated and empirical datasets demonstrate that these potential issues are unlikely to obscure genuine biological signal. Rather, high-density geometric morphometric data exceed traditional landmark-based methods in characterization of morphology and allow more nuanced comparisons across disparate taxa. Combined with the rapid increases in 3D data availability, high-density morphometric approaches have immense potential to propel a new class of studies of comparative morphology and phenotypic integration.
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Loth, Anthony, Julien Corny, Laure Santini, Laurie Dahan, Patrick Dessi, Pascal Adalian, and Nicolas Fakhry. "Analysis of Hyoid–Larynx Complex Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics." Dysphagia 30, no. 3 (April 3, 2015): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9609-2.
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Dhoop, Thomas, Sarah Stark, Juan‐Pablo Olaberria, and Julian Whitewright. "Quantifying Ship Shape in Archaeology: Evaluating 3D Geometric Morphometrics." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 49, no. 1 (March 2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12413.
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Hirst, Cara S., Suzanna White, and Sian E. Smith. "Standardisation in 3D Geometric Morphometrics: Ethics, Ownership, and Methods." Archaeologies 14, no. 2 (August 2018): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11759-018-9349-7.
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Bastir, Markus, Daniel García-Martínez, Scott A. Williams, Wolfgang Recheis, Isabel Torres-Sánchez, Francisco García Río, Motoharu Oishi, and Naomichi Ogihara. "3D geometric morphometrics of thorax variation and allometry in Hominoidea." Journal of Human Evolution 113 (December 2017): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.002.
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Hedrick, Brandon P., and Peter Dodson. "Lujiatun Psittacosaurids: Understanding Individual and Taphonomic Variation Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2013): e69265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069265.
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Black, Valda Gail, and Danielle Shawn Kurin. "Reliable classification of intentional cranial vault modification and nonsynostotic deformational plagiocephaly using 3D geometric morphometrics." HOMO 72, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/homo/2021/1339.
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Selden, Robert Z., Timothy K. Perttula, and Michael J. O’Brien. "Advances in Documentation, Digital Curation, Virtual Exhibition, and a Test of 3D Geometric Morphometrics." Advances in Archaeological Practice 2, no. 2 (May 2014): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.2.2.64.
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AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) digital scanning of archaeological materials is typically used as a tool for artifact documentation. With the permission of the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, 3D documentation of Caddo funerary vessels from the Vanderpool site (41SM77) was conducted with the initial goal of ensuring that these data would be publicly available for future research long after the vessels were repatriated. A digital infrastructure was created to archive and disseminate the resultant 3D datasets, ensuring that they would be accessible by both researchers and the general public (CRHR 2014a). However, 3D imagery can be used for much more than documentation. To illustrate this, these data were utilized in a 3D morphometric analysis of the intact and reconstructed vessels to explore the range of variation that occurs in ceramic vessel shape and its potential contribution to the local ceramic taxonomy. Results of the 3D morphometric analysis demonstrate the potential for substantive analytical gains in discussions of temporal resolution and ceramic technological organization in the ancestral Caddo region.
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Mucedero, Manuela, Matteo Rozzi, Alessia Milazzo, and Paola Cozza. "Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine." European Journal of Orthodontics 41, no. 5 (January 2, 2019): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy080.
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Summary Objectives The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological variations of the palate shape and maxillary arch dimension in a group of subjects with unilaterally or bilaterally impacted maxillary canines compared with a control group, using three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric. Materials The subject of this study consisted of pre-treatment records of 46 (18 males and 28 females) patients with one or both canines palatally displaced. A control group of 26 subjects was selected from a list of orthodontic patients at the same dental hospital. The subjects were divided in two study groups: unilateral palatally displaced canine (UPDC) and bilateral palatally displaced canine (BPDC). Study casts were scanned to analyse the palate’s shape and maxillary arch dimension. The 3D geometric morphometric analysis was used to study the entirety of the shape of the palate. The virtual 3D models were measured with a specific software to analyse the maxillary arch dimension. (VAM, Vectra; Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, New Jersey, USA). Results When comparing the groups with the geometric morphometrics analysis, no significant palatal shape change was found. For the analysis of linear measurements, only a significant reduction of intercanine width was found in the UPDC and BPDC groups when compared with the control subjects. Conclusions Patients with palatally displaced permanent canine showed no maxillary transverse constriction or variation in palatal vault morphology but the absence of permanent teeth was associated with a reduction in the intercanine width.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "3D Geometric morphometrics"
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Woo, Johnathan. "Evaluating facial ontogeny of avian embryos using 3D geometric morphometrics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50056.
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Objectives: In order to study abnormal facial development, reference standards of normal development are required. It is challenging to obtain 3D data on early embryos, since they are comprised of non-differentiated tissue. We used optical projection tomography (OPT) (Bioptonics, UK), which images transparent specimens with UV light. Here we used carefully staged chicken embryos to measure facial morphogenesis over time.
Methods: Chicken eggs (n=32) were incubated for 3.5-6 days (stage 20, 24, 28, 29). Embryo heads were fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in agarose, dehydrated in methanol, and then cleared in Benzyl Alcohol Benzyl Benzoate. Embryos were scanned with the OPT, images were reconstructed, and then the head was digitally resliced in the frontal plane using NRecon and CTan. Resliced files were imported into Amira, facial prominences were outlined, and isosurfaces were created. Volumetric measurements were assessed using Amira. Landmarks were applied to the surface of each prominence using Landmark. These landmarks were then superimposed from different embryos using MorphoJ, whereby they underwent Procrustes superimposition, Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Variate Analysis, and Discriminant Function Analysis.
Results: Traditional morphometrics revealed that the greatest amount of growth was a 24-fold difference in volume of the lateral nasal prominence between stages 20 and 29, followed by the maxillary, mandibular, and frontonasal mass. Geometric morphometrics revealed that embryonic facial prominences had minimal changes in shape between stages 20 and 24, however, after this time, there was more separation of the data in morphospace. Strikingly, the greatest morphological change was between stages 28 and 29, which was only 12 hours apart. This rapid change suggests that other mechanisms in addition to cell proliferation are involved. In addition, the data show that major morphological changes precede lip fusion. Therefore, we can pinpoint our studies to stage 28, when critical events in the mesenchyme are taking place.
Conclusion: Embryonic chicken facial prominences undergo major shape changes. Each prominence varies in morphology with respective stage, with the frontonasal mass and mandibular prominence having the most dynamic shape changes.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Groote, Isabelle Elisabeth Peter Maria De. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Long Bone Curvature Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505127.
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Fouefack, Jean-Rassaire. "Geometric morphometrics for 3D dense surface correspondence: population comparisons of shoulder bone morphology." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30024.
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Background: Comparisons in morphological shape/form across population groups could
provide population differences that might assist in making decisions on diagnosis and
prognosis by the clinician. Geometric morphometrics (GM) is one of the fields that help
to provide such population comparisons. In medical imaging and related disciplines, GM
is commonly done using annotated landmarks or distances measured from 3D surfaces
(consisting of triangular meshes). However, these landmarks may not be sufficient to
describe the complete shape. This project aimed to develop GM for analysis that consider
all vertices in the triangular mesh as landmarks. The developed methods were applied to
South African and Swiss shoulder bones (scapula and humerus) to analyse morphological
differences.
Methods: The developed pipeline required first establishing correspondence across the
datasets through a registration process. Gaussian process fitting was chosen to perform
the registration since it is considered state-of-the-art. Secondly, a novel method for automatic identification of vertices or areas encoding the most shape/form variation was
developed. Thirdly, a principal component analysis (PCA) that addressed the high dimensionality and lower sample size (HDLSS) phenomenon was adopted and applied to
the dense correspondence data. This approach allowed for the stabilisation of the distribution of the data in low-dimensional form/shape space. Lastly, appropriate statistical
tests were developed for population comparisons of the shoulder bones when dealing with
HDLSS data in both form and shape space.
Results: When the mesh-based GM analysis approach was applied to the training datasets
(South African and Swiss shoulder bones), it was found that the anterior glenoid which is
often the site of the shoulder dislocation is the most varied area of the glenoid. This has
implications for diagnosis and provides knowledge for prosthesis design. The distribution
of the data in the modified PCA space was shown to converge to a stable distribution when
more vertices/landmarks are used for the analysis. South African and Swiss datasets were
shown to be more distinguishable in a low-dimensional space when considering form rather
than shape. It was found that left and right South African scapula bones are significantly
different in terms of shape.
Discussion: In general, it was observed that the two populations means can be significantly
different in shape but not in form. An improved understanding of these observed shape
and form differences has utility for shoulder arthroplasty prosthesis design and may also
be useful for orthopaedic surgeons during surgical preoperative planning.
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Lynch, Eric Randally. "Cursorial Adaptations in the Forelimb of the Giant Short-Faced Bear, Arctodus simus, Revealed by Traditional and 3D Landmark Morphometrics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1477.
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The paleobiology of the Pleistocene North American giant short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, has eluded paleontologists for decades. Its more gracile form has led past researchers to myriad intepretations of the locomotion and feeding ecology of this species. While earlier studies have focused on craniodental morphology and simple postcranial indices, it is forelimb morphology that represents a direct compromise between locomotor and foraging behavior. The study here uses traditional and 3D landmark morphometrics to more completely compare the 3-dimensional shape of the major forelimb elements and their muscle attachment sites between A. simus, extant ursids, and other carnivorans. Results herein agree well with previous studies and provide additional evidence for reduced abductor/adductor and supinator/pronator musculature, more restricted parasagittal motion, increased stride length, and lighter and more packed distal elements. Forelimb skeletal morphology therefore supports the hypothesis that A. simmus represents a bear in the early stages of cursorial evolution.
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Guyomarc'h, Pierre. "Reconstitution faciale par imagerie 3d : variabilité morphométrique et mise en oeuvre informatique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14354/document.
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La reconstitution faciale a pour but de restituer le visage d’un individu à partir de la morphologie de son crâne. Cette technique est utilisée en anthropologie médico-légale pour apporter de nouveaux témoignages dans l’identification de restes humains. Les objectifs de thèse sont d’établir une base de données crânio-faciale 3D de Français grâce à l’imagerie médicale, de tester les règles traditionnelles de reconstitution, et de quantifier les corrélations morphologiques entre tissus osseux et cutanés. Des examens hospitaliers par scanner tomodensitométrique (18 – 96 ans ; sexe ratio 1,16:1) ont été traités avec le logiciel TIVMI pour reconstruire avec précision les surfaces osseuses et cutanées. Plus de 200 points de repère ont pu être positionnés sur 500 individus, en suivant un protocole précis (répétabilité et reproductibilité vérifiées). L’extraction de distances Euclidiennes a permis de tester plusieurs règles traditionnelles, et d’étudier la spécificité et la variabilité des épaisseurs de tissus mous. Parallèlement, les coordonnées 3D des points ont été analysées par morphométrie géométrique. Les covariations entre groupes de points osseux et cutanés ont pu être quantifiées, ainsi que les asymétries, allométries, et influences de l’âge et du sexe sur les variations de conformation. Ces résultats ont permis l’élaboration d’une méthode d’estimation de la position des points de repère du visage, et la création (en collaboration avec le LaBRI) d’un module de reconstitution faciale nommé AFA3D. Basé sur le principe de déformation d’un visage synthétique, ce logiciel restitue la forme la plus probable du visage en fonction de la position de 78 points crâniométriquesFacial approximation aims at the production of a face based on the skull morphology. This technique is performed in forensic anthropology to bring new testimonies in cases of human remains identification. The goals of this research are to establish a database of French skulls and faces in 3D through medical imaging, to test traditional guidelines, and to quantify the morphological correlations between soft and hard tissues. Computed tomography exams, collected in French hospitals (18 – 96 years; sex ratio 1.16:1), were treated with TIVMI software to reconstruct accurately the bone and skin surfaces. More than 200 landmarks have been placed on 500 subjects, following a protocol which repeatability and reproducibility have been checked. The extraction of Euclidian distances allowed testing traditional guidelines, and studying specificity and variability of soft tissue depths. In parallel, the 3D coordinates were analyzed with geometric morphometrics. Covariations between groups of bone landmarks and groups of skin landmarks were quantified, along with asymmetry, allometry, and influences of age and sex on the shape changes. These results allowed for the creation of a method to estimate the position of skin landmarks, and for the development of a facial approximation module in TIVMI, called AFA3D (in collaboration with the LaBRI). Based on the warping of a synthetic face, this software renders the most probable face depending on the position of 78 cranial landmarks
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Hanot, Pauline. "Morphological diversity of modern and past domestic equids : complete skeletons as a marker of function and cultural practices." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0006.
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Depuis leur domestication, les équidés sont étroitement associés aux activités humaines et ont, au fil des siècles, été façonnés au gré d’exigences morphologiques, esthétiques, d’allure ou de performance. Cette sélection artificielle a fortement impacté leurs traits phénotypiques et fonctionnels, produisant le large panel des races actuelles. Les sources historiques ont abondamment décrit l’importance des équidés et la diversité de leurs usages dans les sociétés passées. Ceci interroge donc sur la potentielle existence de types morphologiques spécialisés à des périodes antérieures à l’émergence des races. Dans ce contexte, les os présentent un intérêt particulier en tant que reflet des caractéristiques morphologiques et fonctionnelles des animaux du passé. En outre, les équidés étant fréquemment retrouvés sous la forme de squelettes complets en contexte archéologique,leurs restes offrent la possibilité d’étudier l’intégralité de la morphologie squelettique et notamment les interactions entre les os. Pourtant, les restes osseux d’équidés restent relativement peu exploités, probablement en raison des limites inhérentes aux méthodes d’étude actuelles. L’objectif de ce travail est de mieux comprendre la diversité phénotypique et fonctionnelle des équidés domestiques par des approches en morphométriegéométrique. La question de leur identification spécifique est tout d’abord abordée via la recherche de critères discriminants, qualitatifs et quantitatifs, applicables à du matériel archéologique. Les patterns de covariation entre les os sont ensuite explorés afin d’aborder des questions fonctionnelles. Les résultats révèlent une forte intégration morphologique entre les os des membres chez les équidés domestiques et mettent en évidence des différences entre les races selon un axe de covariation principalement porté par des interactions fonctionnelles. Ceci tend à montrer que la sélection artificielle, considérée comme le principal acteur de la diversification morphologique chez le cheval domestique, n’influence pas seulement le phénotype mais aussi les facteurs biologiques qui le sous-tendent. Enfin, une première application à des spécimens archéologiques permet dediscuter l’impact de potentielles formes de sélection artificielle et de standardisation morphologique sur des chevaux anciens. Les résultats démontrent l’intérêt d’étudier non seulement les variations de forme des os, mais aussi leurs covariations, afin d’enrichir nos connaissances concernant les traits morphologiques et fonctionnels des animaux passés, ainsi que les pratiques d’élevage qui y sont associées. L’étude des covariations contribueégalement à accroitre notre compréhension des processus micro-évolutifs, tels que la sélection artificielle, et à travers cela, permet de mieux documenter la manière dont la diversité phénotypique est produiteEquids and humans share a long history of interaction from the first domestication to the standardization of modern breeds. In order to suit human activities, they have been molded through selection for conformation, harmony, gaits, or performance. This artificial selection is known to have largely impacted morphological and functional traits, producing the large range of current breeds. Historical sources extensively described the widepanel of equid usage in different human civilizations, raising the issue of the potential existence of specialized morphological types in the past, prior to the emergence of modern breeds. In this respect, bones prove to be of particular interest, as an image of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of past animals. Moreover, horses being often found as complete skeletons in archaeological contexts, their remains allow for the study of the complete skeletal morphology, especially concerning the interactions between bones. However, equid bone remains are largely under-explored, probably due to the recurrent limitations inherent to existing study methods. The objective of this work is to describe and understand the phenotypic and functional diversity of domestic equids, using geometric morphometrics approaches. Identification issues are firstly addressed through the research of qualitative and quantitative discrimination criteria, applicable to archaeological samples. Next, morphological and functional questions are addressed, especially investigating bone shape covariation. The obtained results reveal strong morphological integration within equid limb bones and evidenced breed specific differences along a covariation axis largely produced by functional interactions between bones. They show thatartificial selection, regarded as responsible of most of the modern diversification of horse breeds, not only targets the phenotype but also impacts the biological factors which underlie it. Finally, a first application to archaeological skeletons allows to question the influence of potential artificial selection and morphological standardization on past horses. The results demonstrate the interest of not only exploring bone shape variation,but also covariation, to increase our knowledge about the morphological and functional traits of past equids and about the related breeding practices. The study of morphological integration may also contribute to enhance our understanding of micro-evolutionary processes, such as artificial selection on domestic taxa, and through that, gain insights into how phenotypic diversity is produced
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Al, Shahrani Ibrahim Sulaiman A. "3D geometric morphometric analysis of tooth shape in hypodontia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1464.
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Assessment of tooth morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of hypodontia patients. Several techniques have been used to quantify tooth shape in hypodontia patients and these have revealed smaller tooth dimensions and anomalous tooth shapes in these patients when compared with controls. However, previous studies have mainly used 2D images and have thus provided limited information. The present study adopted a novel three-dimensional geometric morphometric technique to quantify the crown morphology and sizes of teeth of hypodontia patients and compare them with those of control patients. Allometric variations were also investigated in order to determine whether there was any association between the size and shape of teeth. Landmarks were recorded on each clinical crown of all the permanent teeth, apart from third molars, of 3D scanned study models of hypodontia and control subjects. The study sample comprised 120 hypodontia patients (40 patients with mild, 40 with moderate and 40 with severe hypodontia) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Procrustes superimposition was utilized to scale and superimpose the landmark coordinate data and were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, shape differences were tested statistically using multivariate statistics. Size variation was for the most part found to be significant, especially when the control subjects were compared to the hypodontia groups. The anterior teeth were more affected than the posterior. Generally speaking, the size differences became greater as the severity of the hypodontia increased. The pattern was virtually the same for both sexes. With regard to shape, most teeth were affected by the hypodontia, although the pattern was less clear. When allometry was taken into account, the pattern of size/shape relationship was found to be significant for most teeth, particularly in the anterior region, and shape differences were still significant after controlling, when possible, for allometry. It was found that the degree of variation in tooth shape was associated with the degree of severity of the hypodontia. The findings of the study therefore indicate that quantitative measurement of the tooth shape in hypodontia patients may enhance the multidisciplinary management of those patients.
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Pelletier, Maxime. "Evolution morphométrique et biogéographie des léporidés dans les environnements méditerranéens au Pléistocène : implications socio-économiques pour les sociétés humaines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0226.
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En Europe de l’Ouest, de nombreuses espèces de léporidés sont endémiques, ce qui en fait de bons témoins de l’évolution des écosystèmes terrestres dans lesquelles ont évolué les sociétés humaines préhistoriques. Paradoxalement, leur variabilité morphologique est mal connue et la phylogénie établie aujourd’hui, discutable. Ce travail propose de renseigner la diversité morphométrique des lapins et des lièvres sur près de deux millions d’années d’évolution, à travers l’application d’études ostéométriques et en morphométrie géométrique. L’analyse de restes osseux et dentaires – de populations actuelles et de 73 séries fossiles provenant de régions périméditerranéennes couvrant le Pléistocène – permet de caractériser les adaptations des léporidés face aux changements environnementaux et leurs tendances évolutives. Cette étude propose une nouvelle phylogénie pour le lapin et présente les différentes phases de dispersion des taxons à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Ainsi, plusieurs événements de type expansion des populations, recolonisation des territoires depuis des zones refuges et extinctions locales, sont mis en évidence en réponse aux changements climatiques globaux. Ces résultats permettent de discuter la présence de ces petits gibiers dans l’environnement et alimente le débat sur les relations entre ces espèces et les communautés humaines. Leur augmentation significative dans la diète des groupes humains à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, ne semble pas seulement s’expliquer par des changements cognitifs, culturels ou économiques, mais coïncide davantage avec les variations biogéographiques de ces espècesFossil remains of small mammals of the Leporidae family are abundant in numerous paleontological and archaeological deposits from the Quaternary. Many species are endemic to Western Europe, which makes them reliable markers of change in the ecosystems in which prehistoric human societies evolved. Paradoxically, morphological variability of leporids is still poorly understood and current phylogeny remains a subject of debate. This work focuses on the morphometric diversity of rabbits (Oryctolagus) and hares (Lepus) over nearly two million years of evolution. We applied osteometry and geometric morphometric analyzes to bone and dental remains of current populations and 73 fossil samples from perimediterranean regions (Spain, France, Italy, Portugal) during different moments of the Pleistocene. These data provide insights concerning Leporidae adaptations to environmental change as well as more general evolutionary trends. Here we propose a new phylogeny for the genus Oryctolagus and present different dispersion phases for Western Europe. Several population expansion events coupled with the recolonization of refuge areas and local extinctions are highlighted in response to global climate change. These results allow us to discuss the presence of these small game species in the environment and contribute to the debate concerning relations between leporids and human communities. Humans have regularly consumed leporids since at least the Middle Paleolithic. Their significant increase in the diet at the end of the Upper Paleolithic, however, cannot be explained solely by cognitive, cultural or economic changes but rather coincides with biogeographic variations of these species
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Samsel, Mathilde. "Microévolution et bioarchéologie des groupes humains de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l'Holocène en Europe occidentale : apports de l'anthropologie biologique aux connaissances sur le Paléolithique final et le Mésolithique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0072/document.
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La fin du Pléistocène et le début de l’Holocène sont marqués par des bouleversements environnementaux d’une ampleur et d’une intensité exceptionnelles en Europe de l’Ouest. Ces quelque huit millénaires ont été scindés en périodes chronoculturelles principalement à partir de critères typotechnologiques de l’industrie lithique, correspondant au Paléolithique final, et au premier et au second Mésolithique. L’identité biologique des groupes humains de cette période n’avait jusqu’alors jamais été étudiée de façon spécifique et la réalité anthropologique de ces partitions pose question. À partir d’un corpus réactualisé de 70 sites couvrant les territoires actuels de la France, de l’Allemagne, de la Belgique, du Luxembourg, de la Suisse, de l’Italie, de l’Espagne et du Portugal, ce sont 617 spécimens pour les restes osseux et 251 pour les restes dentaires qui ont été analysés. Des caractéristiques squelettiques ont été enregistrées et analysées selon un protocole unique : proportions squelettiques comme la stature, l’indice brachial et l’indice crural, morphométrie crânienne et mandibulaire, analyse par morphométrie géométrique de la conformation du neurocrâne et variations anatomiques non métriques crâniennes et dentaires. L’ensemble des données recueillies a fait l’objet de traitements statistiques adaptés, descriptifs, multivariés et exploratoires. Parmi les résultats obtenus, l’analyse métrique et morphologique de la mandibule révèle des changements microévolutifs de la morphologie mandibulaire en lien avec l’intensification de l’élargissement du spectre des ressources consommées au cours du Mésolithique. Un fonctionnement différent des groupes est proposé entre ceux établis sur les zones côtières et les continentaux. Les groupes côtiers seraient organisés selon un système plutôt fermé, traduit par la structuration régionale des données anthropobiologiques, alors que les groupes continentaux, bien qu’ayant un ancrage local, possèderaient des réseaux d’échanges plus larges et/ou plus réguliers. Enfin, la permanence des groupes humains du Paléolithique final au Mésolithique est avancée, ainsi qu’au sein des zones côtières durant tout le Mésolithique, alors qu’une discontinuité populationnelle entre premier et second Mésolithique est mise en évidence dans l’aire continentale. L’hypothèse d’une arrivée de nouveaux groupes depuis les régions situées plus à l’est, poussés par la progression néolithique en Europe centrale à partir du VIIème millénaire cal BC est avancée, rejoignant un des scenarii proposés à partir de l’analyse de l’ADN ancienEnvironmental changes of exceptional magnitude and intensity occurred during the Late Pleistocene and the Early Holocene in Western Europe. These- some eight millennia- have been divided into chronocultural periods based on typotechnological lithic industries, corresponding to the Late Palaeolithic and the Early and Late Mesolithic. The biological identity of the human groups from this lengthy period of time has never previously been studied in a systematic way, and the anthropological meaning of these divisions remains unclear. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, this thesis presents the results of analyses of an up-to-date sample of 617 skeletal specimens and 251 dental remains covering 70 sites from France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Skeletal characteristics, including skeletal proportions- stature, brachial and crural indices -, cranial and mandibular morphometrics, geometric morphometric analysis of the neurocranium, and non-metric skeletal and dental traits were recorded and analysed using a single protocol. All data collected were subjected to suitable descriptive, multivariate and exploratory statistical treatments. Among the results obtained, the metric and morphological analysis of the mandible reveals micro-evolutionary morphological changes related to the intensified exploitation of a broader spectrum of food resources during the Mesolithic. Human groups in coastal zones differ from those located further inland. Coastal groups evince a rather closed system, reflected by a regional structure of bioanthropological data, whereas inland groups, while locally based, are characterized by broader and/or more regular networks of population interaction. Finally, there appears to be continuity between human groups from the Late Palaeolithic to the Early Mesolithic, as well as throughout the Mesolithic in coastal areas, while population discontinuity between the Early and Later Mesolithic is highlighted in the continental area. The arrival of new groups from areas further east, driven by Neolithic population advances through Central Europe from the 7th millennium BC cal is hypothesised, similar to one of the scenarios proposed from the analysis of aDNA
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Aira, Jazmine. "Image-Based 3D Morphometric Analysis of the Clavicle Intramedullary (IM) Canal." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6058.
Full textAbstract:
Midshaft clavicle fractures are very common. Current treatment of choice involves internal fixation with superior or anterior clavicle plating, however their clinical success and patient satisfaction are slowly decreasing. The design of intramedullary (IM) devices is on the rise, but data describing the IM canal parameters is lacking. The aim of this study is to quantify morphometry of the clavicle and its IM canal, and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. This study used 3-dimensional (3D) image-based models with novel and automated methods of standardization, normalization and bone cross-section evaluation. The data obtained in this thesis presents IM canal and clavicle radius and center deviation parameterized as a function of clavicle length, in addition, its radius of curvature and true length. Results showed that right-sided clavicles tended to be shorter and thicker than left-sided, but only males showed a statistically significant difference in size compared to females (p<.0001). The smallest IM canal and clavicle radii were seen at different clavicle lengths (54% and 49%), suggesting that the narrowest region of IM canal cannot be appreciated based on external visualization of the clavicle alone. The narrowing of the IM canal is of special interest because this a potential limiting region for IM device design. Furthermore, the location and value of maximum lateral curvature displacement is different in the IM canal, implying there exists an eccentricity of the IM canal center with respect to the clavicle center.
Book chapters on the topic "3D Geometric morphometrics"
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Harvati, K., and J. J. Hublin. "Morphological Continuity of the Face in the Late Middle and Late Pleistocene Hominins from Northwestern Africa: A 3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis." In Modern Origins, 179–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "3D Geometric morphometrics"
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Friess, Martin. "The study of craniofacial growth patterns using 3D laser scanning and geometric morphometrics." In Electronic Imaging 2006, edited by Brian D. Corner, Peng Li, and Matthew Tocheri. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.654898.
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Rochman, Dina, and Efraín De Luna. "Prototyping the Complex Biological form of the Beetle Deltochilum Lobipes via 2D Geometric Morphometrics Landmarks and Descriptive Geometry for 3D Printing." In CAD'16. CAD Solutions LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2016.11-16.
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Cone, Marjean, Monika O'Brien, Max Christie, Judith A. Sclafani, Audrey Bourne, Caroline Gazze, and Brooke Roselle. "BRACHIOPOD SHAPE CHANGES ACROSS THE LATE ORDOVICIAN RICHMONDIAN INVASION: USING 3D GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS TO ANALYZE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES THROUGH SPACE AND TIME." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-336774.
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Clark, Timothy. "ICHNOTAXA DETERMINATION OF A TRIDACTYL TRACKWAY FROM THE LATE TRIASSIC-AGED PASSAIC FORMATION (NEWARK SUPERGROUP) OF BLAUVELT, ROCKLAND COUNTY, NEW YORK USING 2D GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS AND 3D PHOTOGRAMMETRY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337917.
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Aneja, Deepali, Siddharth R. Vora, Esra D. Camci, Linda G. Shapiro, and Timothy C. Cox. "Automated Detection of 3D Landmarks for the Elimination of Non-Biological Variation in Geometric Morphometric Analyses." In 2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2015.86.
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Tourlomousis, Filippos, William Boettcher, Houzhu Ding, and Robert C. Chang. "Investigation of Cellular Confinement in 3D Microscale Fibrous Substrates: Fabrication and Metrology." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3020.
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Engineered microenvironments along with robust quantitative models of cell shape metrology that can decouple the effect of various well-defined cues on a stem cell’s phenotypic response would serve as an illuminating tool for testing mechanistic hypotheses on how stem cell fate is fundamentally regulated. As an experimental testbed to probe the effect of geometrical confinement on cell morphology, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) layered fibrous meshes are fabricated with an in-house melt electrospinning writing system. Gradual confinement states of fibroblasts are demonstrated by seeding primary fibroblasts on defined substrates, including a classical two-dimensional (2D) petri dish and porous 3D fibrous substrates with microarchitectures tunable within a tight cellular dimensional scale window (1–50 μm). To characterize fibroblast confinement, a quantitative 3D confocal fluorescence imaging workflow for 3D cell shape representation is presented. The methodology advanced allows the extraction of cellular and subcellular morphometric features including the number, location, and 3D distance distribution metrics of the shape-bearing focal adhesion proteins.