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1

Iskierka, Sławomir. "Tworzenie aplikacji interaktywnych w wybranych środowiskach 3D." Dydaktyka Informatyki 15 (2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/di.2020.15.10.

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Issues related to 3D computer graphics and creating 3D graphic designs were presented. Selected environments for 3D design and programming were described. The possibilities of using selected 2D and 3D graphic environments to create interactive applications were shown.
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Wang, Wujun. "Using 3D Computer Graphics for Enhancing Graphic Design Student Portfolios." International Journal of Design Education 7, no. 4 (2014): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-128x/cgp/v07i04/38414.

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Гузненков and Vladimir Guznenkov. "Information technologies in graphic disciplines of technical university." Geometry & Graphics 1, no. 3 (December 3, 2013): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2128.

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A structure and content of graphics teaching at technical university with information technologies use are considered in this paper. The necessity to meet the requirements related to information support of products’ life cycle is marked. Educational disciplines of graphic teaching in technical university have been considered and defined. It has been noted that the main feature of modern graphic teaching is a 3D-modeling, and the main purpose of graphics teaching upgrading is a significant increase in the quality of training without increasing the number of training hours. From this it follows that the basic requirement for the geometrical graphics training is significant expansion of modeling volume.
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Cheang, Ka Man, Wenlong Dong, Jiankun Li, and C. C. Jay Kuo. "Postprocessing of Compressed 3D Graphic Data." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 11, no. 1 (March 2000): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvci.1999.0430.

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Hablicsek, Márton, Masoud Akbarzadeh, and Yi Guo. "Algebraic 3D graphic statics: Reciprocal constructions." Computer-Aided Design 108 (March 2019): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2018.08.003.

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Akbarzadeh, Masoud, and Márton Hablicsek. "Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics: Constrained Areas." Computer-Aided Design 141 (December 2021): 103068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2021.103068.

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Ремонтова, Lyudmila Remontova, Нестеренко, Leonid Nesterenko, Бурлов, V. Burlov, Орлов, and Nikita Orlov. "3D Simulation of Second-Order Surfaces." Geometry & Graphics 4, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22843.

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This paper’s material is destined for high educational institutions’ graduate students and teachers whose professional activity is connected with problems of descriptive geometry and engineering graphics teaching improving on the basis of modern computer technology. The paper will be useful to students of technical universities in their further understanding the course of descriptive geometry and inoculation them an interest in their personal geometric and graphic training, without which a quality engineering creativity is impossible. The paper focuses on use of KOMPAS-3D software possibilities which enables solution of nearly all educational, as well as professional engineering and graphics problems. At the same time, the promotion of domestic IT-product in educational area is an urgent task, arising from the problem of technical education at the present stage of public education’s system development. A number of examples related to solution of spatial problems connected with second-order surfaces simulation have been considered. On the basis of descriptive geometry’s laws applicable to surface problems, a feature of their solution and display on computer screen has been illustrated. For example, in the graphic editor KOMPAS-3D there is the Ellipse command, but there are no Hyperbola or Parabola commands. But without these curves it is impossible to create a 3D model of hyperboloid (one- or two-sheet), paraboloid, or hyperbolic paraboloid. To create these curves it has been proposed to use conics of circular cone, canonical or parametric equations of hyperbolas and parabolas. For each of these options the examples of second-order surfaces 3D models creation have been considered.
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Zhang, Yong, Jun Fang Ni, and Peng Liu. "Research on 3D Reconstruction System for Medical Images." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.57.

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In accordance with the object-oriented programming, a system for 3D medical images of reconstruction and display has been designed and implemented. The overall software structure is established based on VC++6.0 and display technique of Open Graphics Library. The functional modules, such as acquisition of encoded 3D data, pre-process, reconstruction and display, are achieved by the design and implementation of customized classes. At last the software system provides user-friendly graphical user interfaces, highly efficient data processing and reconstruction, and rapid capability of graphic display.
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Pang, Kai Min, Ying Zhang, Xin Shi, and Wen Jie Zhao. "Research on Three-Dimensional Displaying Technology of Rotary Entity Based on IGES." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.803.

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For realizing the three-dimensional display of machine parts, in UG5.0 graphic drawing environment, it provides an interactive experimental method to carry out the display of IGES graphics, taken as the data-exchanged interface. Based on depth analysis of IGES, with VC++6.0, the information of all figures could be obtained. Through data processing, three-dimensional data of rotary entity could be generated, which is based on 3D data of lathe turning IGES rotary entity. Afterwards, OpenGL graphic processing technologies (with light, material, textures, et al.) were applied on the three-dimensional display of graphics input from files or program modules. Finally the parts designer could get a full view of machine parts, going on with some proper modifications.
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Gökçearslan, Armağan. "REFLECTIONS OF 3D PRINTER ON GRAPHIC DESIGN." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 12, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2017.12.2.d0195.

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Alvarez, Francisco Javier Ayala, Elidia Beatriz Blazquez Parra, and Francisco Montes Tubio. "Improving graphic expression training with 3D models." Journal of Visualization 20, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-017-0424-8.

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Nejur, Andrei, and Masoud Akbarzadeh. "PolyFrame, Efficient Computation for 3D Graphic Statics." Computer-Aided Design 134 (May 2021): 103003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2021.103003.

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13

Sieber, René, Remo Eichenberger, and Lorenz Hurni. "3D Carto-Graphics – Principles, Methods and Examples for Interactive Atlases." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-338-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Atlases are designed to visualize, explore and analyze topographic and thematic information in a geographic environment. As 3D data and real-time display techniques are increasingly available, a trend towards 3D atlases can be observed like the newly released Earth 3D Amazing Atlas (2017) and the Atlas of Switzerland &amp;ndash; online (2016). While creating such interactive 3D atlases, editors are often confronted with the question: How realistic should a cartographic 3D representation look like? Can we introduce some visualization guidelines or even rules to determine the „graphic style“ of cartographic 3D elements? 3D visualizations tend to let users ask for more and more details, leading to photorealistic representations. But photorealism is mostly not suited to pin point the characteristics of a theme; obviously, a creek or a trail would hardly be recognized in a forest area. As Goralski (2009, p.3) states: “3D maps are not meant to be realistic 3D representations of the real world. As in other map types, cartographic rules of abstraction, symbolization and generalization have to be used, to assure efficient transfer of the depicted geographical information, tailored to the purpose, and suitable for the target map user.”</p><p>In our presentation, we will clarify the term of 3D carto-graphics, depict principles, and describe suitable methods and corresponding techniques. In the context of the national Atlas of Switzerland, we will apply and examine these design concepts for 3D representations within the 3D mapping space (Sieber et al. 2013).</p><p>A carto-graphic style for 3D is based on 2D cartographic rules (Imhof 1965) and non-photorealistic computer graphics (Doellner 2012, Bodum 2005). Principles concerning 3D modeling are fundamental for the different representational aspects. In this context, we will discuss principles such as a degree of realism, the level of visual complexity of 3D maps, the graphic quality of map elements, the 3D visualization and symbolization (Near-Far/Distance-Density problem), etc. considering dynamic and real-time applications. As an example of a 3D principle, the <i>visualization</i> should always originate from 3D data; thus a 2D map is a special case of a 3D map (Sieber et al. 2012).</p><p><i>Methods and techniques</i> of 3D modeling affect the whole 3D scene consisting of terrain/topography, and different map objects. We will present some ideas and techniques how to treat 3D topography, and objects like point symbols, charts, lines, areas and solid objects considering real-time interaction. As an example of such methods recommended in the field of 3D topography, DTMs should be based on high-resolution and smoothed TINs applying techniques of low poly height fields (Ferguson 2013). Adaptive DTM smoothing using topographic position index (TPI) and filtering techniques are also taken into consideration (Guisan et al. 1999, Kettunen et al. 2017). For appropriate relief shading, an exemplary approach using smoothing and enhance techniques is suggested (Geisthövel 2017).</p><p>To illustrate the described methods and techniques, we present and discuss characteristic examples from various application fields. Examples may come from cartography, computer graphics, and even from data journalism and info-graphics. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and the usability of this approach, we plan to implement a set of 3D visualizations, which can be interacted with in real-time by means of the Virtual Globe engine of the Atlas of Switzerland &amp;ndash; online.</p>
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Kin, Taichi, Hirofumi Nakatomi, Masaaki Shojima, Minoru Tanaka, Kenji Ino, Harushi Mori, Akira Kunimatsu, Hiroshi Oyama, and Nobuhito Saito. "A new strategic neurosurgical planning tool for brainstem cavernous malformations using interactive computer graphics with multimodal fusion images." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 1 (July 2012): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.3.jns111541.

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Object In this study, the authors used preoperative simulation employing 3D computer graphics (interactive computer graphics) to fuse all imaging data for brainstem cavernous malformations. The authors evaluated whether interactive computer graphics or 2D imaging correlated better with the actual operative field, particularly in identifying a developmental venous anomaly (DVA). Methods The study population consisted of 10 patients scheduled for surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations. Data from preoperative imaging (MRI, CT, and 3D rotational angiography) were automatically fused using a normalized mutual information method, and then reconstructed by a hybrid method combining surface rendering and volume rendering methods. With surface rendering, multimodality and multithreshold techniques for 1 tissue were applied. The completed interactive computer graphics were used for simulation of surgical approaches and assumed surgical fields. Preoperative diagnostic rates for a DVA associated with brainstem cavernous malformation were compared between conventional 2D imaging and interactive computer graphics employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The time required for reconstruction of 3D images was 3–6 hours for interactive computer graphics. Observation in interactive mode required approximately 15 minutes. Detailed anatomical information for operative procedures, from the craniotomy to microsurgical operations, could be visualized and simulated three-dimensionally as 1 computer graphic using interactive computer graphics. Virtual surgical views were consistent with actual operative views. This technique was very useful for examining various surgical approaches. Mean (± SEM) area under the ROC curve for rate of DVA diagnosis was significantly better for interactive computer graphics (1.000 ± 0.000) than for 2D imaging (0.766 ± 0.091; p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusions The authors report a new method for automatic registration of preoperative imaging data from CT, MRI, and 3D rotational angiography for reconstruction into 1 computer graphic. The diagnostic rate of DVA associated with brainstem cavernous malformation was significantly better using interactive computer graphics than with 2D images. Interactive computer graphics was also useful in helping to plan the surgical access corridor.
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15

Nawfal, Sura, and Fakhrulddin Ali. "The acceleration of 3D graphics transformations based on CUDA." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 16, no. 6 (December 4, 2018): 925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2018-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to achieve the acceleration of 3D object transformation using parallel techniques such as multi-core central processing unit (MC CPU) or graphic processing unit (GPU) or even both. Generating 3D animation scenes in computer graphics requires applying a 3D transformation on the vertices of the objects. These transformations consume most of the execution time. Hence, for high-speed graphic systems, acceleration of vertex transform is very much sought for because it requires many matrix operations (need) to be performed in a real time, so the execution time is essential for such processing. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the acceleration of 3D object transformation is achieved using parallel techniques such as MC CPU or GPU or even both. Multiple geometric transformations are concatenated together at a time in any order in an interactive manner. Findings The performance results are presented for a number of 3D objects with paralleled implementations of the affine transform on the NVIDIA GPU series. The maximum execution time was about 0.508 s to transform 100 million vertices using LabVIEW and 0.096 s using Visual Studio. Other results also showed the significant speed-up compared to CPU, MC CPU and other previous work computations for the same object complexity. Originality/value The high-speed execution of 3D models is essential in many applications such as medical imaging, 3D games and robotics.
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Chen, Feng, Ming Liu, Xiao Ying Han, and Wei Chen. "A Rocks Based Visualization Cluster Platform Design and Application for Bridge Health Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2213.

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As high performance computing (HPC) becomes a part of the scientific computing landscape, visualizing HPC has become a critical field of its own. This paper describes a visualization cluster solution developed for bridge health monitoring system. First, LCD display, computer with NVIDIA graphic cards, 1G switch and 10G switch are used to build hardware platform; Secondly, Linux operation system, Rocks management software, CGLX middle software is used to display multi-media and 3D data; Finally, OpenSenceGraph 3D graphics engine is used to write high-performance parallel 3D programs. This approach can be used not only for parallel computing, but also for parallel 3D modeling and display. Some application result on bridge health monitoring is given in the end.
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Semeno, V. A., R. G. Vakhitova, and F. T. Ziganshina. "KOMPAS-3D AS A TOOL FOR LEARNING GRAPHIC DISCIPLINES." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 2, no. 36 (2021): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2021-2-36-127-131.

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Moon, Sung-Woo, Sang-Do Kim, and Mi-Kyoung Park. "Application of a 3D Graphic Model for Bridge Maintenance." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2011): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/kjcem.2011.12.2.64.

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Lu, Ming. "The Application of CAD Secondary Development in 3D Parametric Graphic Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.239.

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This paper introduces the principle of applying the embedded development tool Visual LISP in three-dimensional parametric graphic design in AutoCAD environment. With the parametric design of 3D straight-toothed spur gear as example, an elaborate description of the process and method of 3D parametric graphic design based on Visual LISP is presented.
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Lim Janghoon and Young Kil Yim. "Construction of 3D Architecture Simulation Graphic Creation Module." Korean Journal of Art and Media 9, no. 2 (November 2010): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36726/cammp.2010.9.2.33.

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Хейфец and Aleksandr Kheyfets. "Descriptive geometry course reorganization as the actual task of graphics chairs development." Geometry & Graphics 1, no. 2 (July 25, 2013): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/781.

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The need of descriptive geometry (DG) course reorganization in the direction of reflecting in it the foundations of modern computer 3D geometric simulation techniques is shown. The full rate use of 3D methods calls on students a special theoretical training. New techniques require the knowledge of computer as modern 3D geometric simulation tool. A new theoretical course composed of three modules has been proposed. The basics of 3D are given initially. Then, in accordance with the FSES-3 requirements, the DG elements are given by the example of positional tasks, but they are also underpinned by 3D-methods. The proposed DG course reorganization on the basis of 3D computer geometric simulation will permit to equip the students with new methods of decisions related to graphic tasks, significantly increase their competitiveness on the labor market, as well as to raise the graphics chairs’ rating.
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Вышнепольский, Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, Сальков, and Nikolay Sal'kov. "The aims and methods of teaching drawing." Geometry & Graphics 1, no. 2 (July 25, 2013): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/777.

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The purposes which must be solved by Geometric and Graphic Disciplines Chair while preparing the working programs of study, and which are the part of learning algorithm are demonstrated. 1. Spatial perception development. 2. To teach the students to work with projection documents: a) teach to read drawing; b) teach to make sketches; c) teach to perform drawing (non-associated) with 2D-graphics. 3. To teach a parameter modeling (3D-graphics). By removing at least one item from this algorithm you can get a faulty graduate.
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Osadcha, Kateryna, and Victoriia Baluta. "The influence of modern trends in digital art on the content of training in computer graphics and digital design." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2021.01.01.

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The development of digital technologies leads to a variety of pictorial arts. With the advent of computer technology and communication technologies, areas such as computer graphics, computer and digital design, and phenomena such as digital art have emerged. The article analyzes these concepts, which provided an opportunity for further study. Based on the analysis of Internet resources on digital art, the following main trends are identified: virtual art, 3D printing, open source software, art of artificial intelligence, a combination of 2D animation and modern technologies, 3D painting, UX / UI design, game design, concept art and character design. Examples of reflection these tendencies in modern art are given. Given the selected trends, it is shown how they affect the content of training in computer graphics and digital design for students of the educational program "Digital Design" (list of compulsory and optional educational components, the content of educational practice). It is noted that to successfully work with computer graphics, students need to master traditional knowledge of pictorial arts (the concept of composition, color, perspective, proportions, shadows) and the ability to use them to create digital products using computer programs (2D graphic editors and 3D graphics) and digital technology (graphics tablet, personal and personal computer, projection equipment, camera, devices for VR and AR reality, scanner and printer, including 3D scanner and 3D printer).
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Zhyrytovskyi, Alexander. "EXPLANATION OF THE ALGORITHMS FOR DISPLAYING 3D FIGURES ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 4 (July 31, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2018.00680.

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Not long time ago people can only dream about the thing that they can see 3-dimensional world inside of the screen of the computer. Computers at that time can display only 256 colors on their screens, they can work only with integer numbers, and their computation speed was not fast enough. This dream comes true with the help of Id Software company. This company started to build its games by using of simplified 3D graphics. All these simplified 3D graphics were calculated by the software 3D rendering algorithms which were not published by these company. At that time there was a global goal to speedup calculations for 3D graphics and to make it look more realistic. The solution for this comes from hardware companies. Hardware companies started to work on hardware 3D accelerators, which can render 3D graphics much faster than software algorithms. These 3D accelerators are fully patented, so that no one knows how they are implemented inside. At that time there were proposed two 3D rendering interfaces: Direct3D and OpenGL. And manufacturers of graphic cards started supporting both of these interfaces. Lots of game development companies started to use these interfaces. And also Id Software company started to redesign its game engine to support these interfaces to take place in game market. From that time, everybody started to use 3D accelerators with built-in 3D rendering features and as a result everybody forgot about software 3D rendering algorithms. Nowadays the situation come in the following way, that most of the algorithms which are used in 3D games are not published on paper, and all the 3D accelerator internal algorithms are patented. All modern 3D graphics are fully conserved by the video cards, so that 3D rendering could not be developed in other way. The goal of this article is explanation of how 3D graphics can be displayed on the screen of the computer.
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Овтов, Владимир, Vladimir Ovtov, Алексей Поликанов, and Aleksey Polikanov. "IMPLEMENTATION «OF A TWO-LEVEL PROGRAM ENGINEER-ING-GRAPHIC EDUCATION» IN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY." Standards and Monitoring in Education 6, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5f18c8e9d583.48268914.

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The article is devoted to the use of modern computer technologies in the teaching of engineering and graphic disciplines in the engineering specialties of an agricultural university, to the formation of professional engineering and graphic competencies for students in the process of computer graphics training, computer modeling at the bachelor’s level and the basics of computer-aided design at the master’s level, to the development and implementation of work programs as part of the main educational programs providing two-level training using the national program computer-aided design KOMPAS-3D. There is an integrative of information-developing, personality-oriented teaching methods implemented in work programs ensuring the formation of competencies determined by the federal state standards of higher education and developed independently by the university.
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Weng, Ting Sheng, and Meng Hui Hsu. "On the Study of Non-Engineering Students Applied Open Source for Learning Graphic Design Skills of Dynamic 3D Motocross Suspension Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.892.

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The rapid establishment of current technology is dependent on the effective integration of interdisciplinary science. Hence the R & D persons with multiple domain skills are strongly required for most industries. Although, the skills training for students of Vocational-Technical College and general University cannot stratify with the above need for industry. Based on the fact of drawing is the common language of industry, the designer, manufacturer, or quality control and inspection personnel use the language to communicate to each other for solving operational problems. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to train non-engineering students can learn simple mechanical drawing skills and recognize drawings. The training includes using multimedia and 3D graphic technique to write a python (open source language) program for establishing a 3D interactive graphics of a motocross suspension mechanism. As results, the students can transform visual information of the topological structure of a suspension mechanism to the dynamic digital interactive graphic. The results also show this practical technical education and training can improve the ability of non-engineering students to meet the industrial requirements.
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KIM, HADONG, and MALREY LEE. "AN OPEN MODULE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (OMDE) FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 06 (September 2010): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410008251.

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Graphic designers and developers would like to use virtual reality (VR) systems with a friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) and development environment that provide efficient creation, modification and deletion functions. Although current VR graphical design systems incorporate the most up-to-date features, graphic designers are not able to specify the interface features that they desire or features that are most suitable for specific design and development tasks. This paper proposes an Open Module Development Environment (OMDE) for VR systems that can provide interactive functions that reflect the graphic designers requirements. OMDE allows graphic designers to specify their specific interface features and functions, and the system configuration to utilize plug-in modules. Hence a dynamically created development environment is provided that is also tailored to the graphic designer's requirements and facilitates graphical composition and editing. The functions of the graphical interface modules and the OMDE system specifications are identified. The system implementation environment and structure of the 3D VR software are described and the implementation is evaluated for performance, as an improved 3D graphic design tool.
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Pan, Dan Dan, Wen Lei Sun, Yun Peng, and Qun Zhao. "The Study of Collaborative Design System Based on Android." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.766.

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With the popularization of the modern smart mobile devices and the embedded graphic program method, co-design in a mobile phone or tablet PC may be a possible technique. Although the embedded modeling software still not very commonly used, 3D graphics processing capabilities of embedded systems provided an environment for viewing 3D product model on mobile devices. In order to make the product of design and manufacture more convenient and meet market demand, the study designed a kind of co-design system software on android intelligent device. This paper is based on the use of intelligent mobile devices into a mechanical and electronic product collaborative design system.
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HAVRYSHCHAK, HALYNA, and ANDRII URUSKYI. "FORMATION OF GRAPHIC COMPETENCE OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SEEKERS BY MEANS OF COMPUTER-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.1.1.

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The role of graphic competence in the training process of future teachers of labor education and technology has been substantiated in this article. Examples of students' use of the acquired knowledge in Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics in further educational and practical activities have been established. There are reading drawings of products (parts) for their manufacture; design and execution of graphic images of products (parts); development of a logical sequence of the technological process for the manufacture of the product; designing a garment pattern, etc. The growing role of machines with digital program control (DPC) is taken into account and the role of graphic representation of the part (product) in digital format for their manufacture on such machines is also investigated. It is proposed to provide the emphasized training of students to perform drawings of parts (products) by means of graphic editors with the prospect of their manufacture on machines with DPC. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of preparation of future teachers of labor education and technology to perform drawings of product details in graphic editors with the subsequent manufacture of these objects on machines with digital program control. The peculiarities of training students in Computer Graphics at Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University during studying of disciplines «Descriptive Geometry, Drawings and Computer Graphics», «Computer Graphics and Multimedia» have been analyzed. It is determined that students are not able to fully master Computer Graphics due to the lack of hours and the large number of commands and functions that are provided by such computer programs. It is proposed to enhance the preparation of students for mastering computer graphics through the independent implementation of students' drawings of product details using a graphic program in extracurricular time in the form of an individual educational research tasks (IERT). The expediency of making drawings of product parts by means of a graphic program with their subsequent manufacture by a machine with digital program control (DPC) has been substantiated. Plywood is proposed as a construction material for the design of the products by means of graphic editors with the subsequent manufacturing by machines with DPC. The structure of IERT is proposed: to make drawings of details of a product according to the instruction; provide a “photo report” of the sequence of drawings according to the instructions with a short description; to change the design of the product based on the knowledge and skills formed by making drawings according to the instructions. An example of IERT instructions for students is given. It involves the use of KOMPAS-3D. The phone stand is considered as a sample of performance by students for IERT.
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Osadcha, Kateryna, and Hanna Chemerys. "Analysis Of The Mention Of The Concept “Graphic Competence” In The Preparation Of The Future Bachelor Of Computer Science." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2017.03.04.

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The article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the value of graphic competence. The basic scientific positions concerning the formation of graphic competence as an important component of the professional formation of specialists in the system of higher education of Ukraine are considered. The analysis of modern approaches, highlighted in domestic sources, concerning the definition of the essence of the concept of "graphic competence" as a component of qualitative training of a specialist has been carried out. The author emphasizes the demand for the formation of graphic culture in the future bachelors of computer sciences, on the basis of which the author's view on the definition of graphic competence as a component of qualitative professional training of competitive future bachelors on computer sciences in the conditions of a pedagogical institution of higher education taking into account modern social processes. The urgency of forming graphic competence is also substantiated by its role in education, development and upbringing, namely, in the development of thinking, cognitive abilities and spatial imagination of future bachelors in computer sciences, the development of practical skills. Due to the fact that the target preparation of the Bachelor of Computer Science is aimed at training highly skilled professionals, then each graduate of this profile must have a wide range of basic knowledge, skills and abilities in computer graphics and design for effective presentation of the developed Software to the end user. In order to develop the graphic competence of future bachelors in computer sciences, their training should be based on the development of basic knowledge of students on systems of computer design and graphics, computer animation and visualization, and work with graphical packages of 3D design. This will ensure conditions for the graduate to adapt to their professional activities and the subsequent successful application of acquired skills. The results of the analysis of the scientific experience of the mentioned authors, we have determined that graphic competence is versatile, and includes not only the features inherent in artistic or creative activity, but also solid knowledge and skills of the technical component, which are rapidly expanding and branching in view of rapid pace of development of computer technology and modernization of graphic tools.
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Rahmat, Rahmat. "Augmented Reality untuk Materi Bangun Ruang Menggunakan Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK dan Aplikasi Blender." JURNAL TIKA 5, no. 3 (January 5, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51179/tika.v5i3.59.

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The development of information and communication technology has an impact on globalization which will affect all aspects of human life, especially in the world of education. This requires educators to make innovation in learning. One of the innovations that following technological developments, namely Augmented Reality (AR). Augmented Reality is a technique of combining real and virtual worlds and is based on 3-Dimensions (3D). The objects used can be 2D or 3D. This research is entitled Augmented Reality for Building Materials using Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK, and Blender Applications. In this research, the application was developed by involving 3 main software, namely vuforia, unity 3D, and Blender. Vuforia is a plugin for a software called unity 3D. Augmented Reality and Unity 3D are two platforms that make it easier for users to produce 3D graphics that will be displayed if the graphic that has been used as a marker is highlighted with a camera from an SP. The results of this study have succeeded in developing applications with building markers using vuforia, unity 3D, and Blender.
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Park, Young-sook, and Dea-woo Park. "3D Graphic Nursery Contents Developed by Mobile AR Technology." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 20, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 2125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2016.20.11.2125.

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33

Sarmiento, Jeffrey. "Graphic Swim: 2D and 3D Printing in Glass Casting." Arts 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8010029.

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This document is a report on developing processes to encourage flow of the graphic image in kilnformed glass. It is also a description and reflection on a body of artworks in glass in which new visual qualities were exposed through a mishap and turned into an aesthetic choice. The research links 2D print approaches to 3D printing and their integration in cast glass. It updates the author’s practice-based PhD research, a study that utilizes glass printing, cutting and fusing processes to combine the printed image within the glass object. The outcomes of the study can be organized under two approaches that have been developed, one appropriate to practical workshop teaching, and the other for the conceptualization and fabrication of new personal artworks.
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Lee, Jeong-A., In-Kyu Moon, Hailing Liu, and Faliu Yi. "3D Holographic Image Recognition by Using Graphic Processing Unit." Journal of the Optical Society of Korea 15, no. 3 (September 25, 2011): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2011.15.3.264.

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Reddy, V. A. K., Ram Kumar, and S. P. Sharma. "Mesh generation and graphic check for 3D building frames." Computers & Structures 32, no. 2 (January 1989): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(89)90055-2.

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Cao, Junkai, Zhijun Gao, and Zhonghua Han. "Computing Algorithm of Robot Distributed 3D Graphic Simulation System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1952, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 022075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1952/2/022075.

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Lin, Maohai, Meiqi Lin, Haiyan Cao, Hongge Guo, and Guichun Hu. "3D Visualization of out-of-gamut in Graphic Communication." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 33, no. 1 (November 1, 2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2017.33.20.

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Nabi, Yskak, and Umirbai Ibishev. "Methodology for Determining the Laboriousness of Assignments by Graphic Disciplines." International Journal of Educational Studies 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53935/2641-533x.v1i2.82.

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The objective of this study is to develop the methodology for determining the laboriousness of assignments by graphic disciplines. The results determined the volume of students’ independent work performed on discipline "Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics"; 2) determined the time expenses on 1 format A4 and indicated usage of this index to design the volume of students’ independent work; 3) determined how much time reduced for expenditures to show the drawings using a computer; 4) show a comparison of 2D and 3D systems by the index of time expenses. Conclusion: The obtained data gives the ability to determine the student's independently work laboriousness.
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Xu, Zhen, Ai Zhu Ren, and Xin Zheng Lu. "Modeling of Bridge Collapse in Virtual Scene Based on Finite Element Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.718.

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To simulate bridge collapse realistically and assist the investigation of bridge collapse accidents, a modeling method of bridge collapse in Open Scene Graph (OSG) graph engine based on Finite element (FE) simulation is proposed. For FE simulation using 3D solid elements, the main questions of modeling, such as scene hierarchy, drawing method and texture mapping, are discussed. A study case shows the bridge model in this paper is with realistic graphics, render efficiency and simulation controllability. The 3D virtual scene simulation using the modeling method proposed in this paper has the same accuracy as FE simulation, but is more realistic and complete than FE simulation and provides a graphic support for the analysis of bridge collapse accidents.
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Xi, Zhang. "3D virtual visual plane design method based on ordered point sequence under the influence of COVID-19." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 8731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189269.

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The transmission routes of novel coronavirus pneumonia include direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission. Therefore, the novel coronavirus pneumonia has been spread very quickly. This has a certain impact on the development of graphic design. Graphic design plays an important role in product design. However, the traditional aided design method is too complex, and it is difficult for designers to design works that meet their own needs. In the design of 3D virtual vision graphics, the distance calculation of time series is not accurate. This kind of error will bring some errors to the design of complex curved surface products. In order to measure the similarity of time series effectively, the calculation principle of Euclidean distance and dynamic bending distance is analyzed. Combined with the advantages of these two methods, a new distance calculation method based on morphological fitting is proposed. In this paper, through the research of ordered point sequence, the 3D virtual design method is used to improve the design effect, which has reference value for the design of works that meet the requirements of designers during the popularity of COVID-19.
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Ерцкина, Elena Ertskina, Королькова, and N. Korolkova. "Geometric Modeling in the Automated Designing of Architectural Objects." Geometry & Graphics 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19833.

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The article is devoted to overview of software used in the automated designing of architectural objects. Particular attention is paid to the features of modern software and the possibility of their use in the design of constructions. The technique of modern SAPR implementation in educational process within studying of «Engineering Graphics» course is considered by the example of AutoCAD graphic system for students of construction specialties. The selection of these CAD systems as the base for graphic disciplines teaching is validated. The architectural task consists in creation of one of two developed ways of modeling. In the course of task performance students solve the main geometrical objectives by definition of the form and constructive and geometrical parameters of the objects and in parallel master 3D modeling in AutoCAD or ArchiCAD packages. It is proved that inclusion in educational process of the graphic task developed taking into account a professional orientation trained, increases its efficiency. The task performed during the first semester promotes fixing and profound studying of fundamentals of engineering graphics. It can be used when studying 3D computer geometric modeling for students of the technical directions. Geometric modeling in design of architectural objects, you can create a model of the object based on the descriptions of the characteristics of the object, geometry, proportion and relationships, information membranes, implemented in an appropriate software environment. It also allows you to increase the search of new architectural forms, to perform the analysis of the spatial form of the designed object and the projection to develop an architectural model of the building. Based on this analysis the trend of engineering and development of geometric modeling for the designing of sites is showed.
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Goryachkina, A. Yu, O. M. Koryagina, and I. A. Goryunova. "Online training in graphic subjects on the National open education platform." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2011-06.

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The problems of online training of students in graphic disciplines in technical higher educational institutions are discussed. The description of the «Engineering graphics» online course presented by the MSTU named after N.E. Bauman on the National open education platform is given. The course is based on a new methodological concept — an original representation of the geometric knowledge system in the form of a neural network structure, using 3D visualization of basic concepts. The goals, structure, content, complexity, and format of the course are considered. The system of evaluation of learning outcomes for the course is presented.
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Novak-Marcincin, Jozef. "Virtual Reality Modeling Language as Tool for Automated Workplaces Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 309 (February 2013): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.309.372.

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Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) is description language, which belongs to a field virtual reality (VR) system. The file, which is in VRML format, can be interpreted by VRML explorer in three-dimensional scene. VRML was created with aim to represent virtual reality on Internet easier. Development of 3D graphic is connected with Silicon Graphic Corporation. VRML 2.0 is the file format for describing interactive 3D scenes and objects. It can be used in collaboration with www, can be used for 3D complex representations creating of scenes, products or VR applications VRML 2.0 enables represent static and animated objects too. Interesting application of VRML is in area of automated workplaces simulation.
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Sung, Jung-Hwan, Dae-Young Lee, and Hyung-Koo Kim. "Difference of GUI Efficiency based on 3D and 2D Graphic -Imaginary 3D IPTV Interface Development Using Virtual Reality Theory-." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 7, no. 7 (July 28, 2007): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2007.7.7.087.

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Логиновский, A. Loginovskiy, Хмарова, Lyudmila Khmarova, Усманова, and E. Usmanova. "Formation and Development of Professional Skills of Students When Studying Descriptive Geometry." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12168.

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At prompt development of informatization of production the role of engineering education significantly increases. Graphic disciplines on technical specialties of higher education institution are the first professionally focused disciplines which are actively influencing formation of competences of future experts. Many problems of improvement of quality of development of difficult courses of university programs can be solved by use of effective forms of education. Realization of competence-based approach in the higher education demands wide use of active and interactive forms of carrying out occupations in combination with independent work of students for formation and development of the professional skills which are trained. Independent work has to bear not only reproductive functions on fixing of the passable material, but also to induce students to active self-education, creative preparation for effective professional activity. Use of computer graphic tasks with entertaining elements when training students in graphic disciplines promotes increase of level of informative activity of students, development of creative abilities and profound studying of a subject. The new original graphic task on descriptive geometry with use of computer technologies for students of auto makers is offered. The graphic task consists in creation of electronic model of the car as solid-object one of two developed ways of modeling. In the course of performance of a task students solve the main geometrical objectives by definition of a form and constructive and geometrical parameters of the spatial objects entering a car design and in parallel master 3D modeling in AutoCAD or Solid Works packages. It is proved that inclusion in educational process of the graphic task developed taking into account a professional orientation trained, increases its efficiency. The task performed during the first semester promotes fixing and profound studying of fundamentals of descriptive geometry and development of computer graphics. It can be used when studying 3D computer geometrical modeling for students of the technical directions.
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Liu, Xiang Lou, Xi Yue Yang, and Tong Zhu. "The Method Research of Environmental Noise 3D Graphic Expression Based on CityEngine." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4945.

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Based on CityEngine as software platform, this paper put forward 3D graphic expression of environment noise, and establishes the environmental noise monitoring model of 3D space by CSG and B-Rep hybrid algorithm. Then, according to the noise data and the legend of the color grade, we render the surface area of ​​the 3D monitoring geometric model with the expression of grid method. Finally, the simulation shows that this method can be applied to 3D graphical expression of environmental noise.
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Kondratjev, Yu N., and A. Pituhin. "Graphic database of the system Kompas-3D in the educational process." Resources and Technology, no. 8 (2010): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.2010.1767.

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48

Карпюк, Л. В., and Н. О. Давіденко. "Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 1(265) (March 16, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2021-265-1-25-28.

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The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.
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Samarabandu, J. K., R. Acharya, D. R. Pareddy, and P. C. Cheng. "Three-dimensional image analysis and visualization in confocal light microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146631.

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In the study of cell organization in a maize meristem, direct viewing of confocal optical sections in 3D (by means of 3D projection of the volumetric data set, Figure 1) becomes very difficult and confusing because of the large number of nucleus involved. Numerical description of the cellular organization (e.g. position, size and orientation of each structure) and computer graphic presentation are some of the solutions to effectively study the structure of such a complex system. An attempt at data-reduction by means of manually contouring cell nucleus in 3D was reported (Summers et al., 1990). Apart from being labour intensive, this 3D digitization technique suffers from the inaccuracies of manual 3D tracing related to the depth perception of the operator. However, it does demonstrate that reducing stack of confocal images to a 3D graphic representation helps to visualize and analyze complex tissues (Figure 2). This procedure also significantly reduce computational burden in an interactive operation.
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Retnowati, Nurcahyani Dewi. "ANALISIS PENERAPAN PENGGUNAAN GRAPHIC EDITOR PADA PEMBUATAN OBJEK 3 DIMENSI." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.144.

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Three-dimensional applications has evolved penetrated in almost all areas of work, especially in the field of multimedia and other virtual media. Offeature films, television, print design to production games. LightWave 3D is a software that can model an object once animate. This research model a 3D object using LightWave Modeler then analyzed the results of modeling using graphic editors in LightWave Layout. To connect between LightWave Modeler and LightWave Layout used LightWave Hub. Analysis using the graphic editor can make a better model for the selection of each layer more detail.
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