Dissertations / Theses: '3D kinematic analysis system'

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Rosén, Johanna. "Biomechanical differences between elite able-bodied kayakers and elite para-kayakers during paddling : The second and third step of creating the new Paralympic classification system." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3897.

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Aim The aim of the study was to examine the differences between able-bodied athletes (AB) and three para-athlete (PA) classes in three-dimensional range of motion (RoM) for the major joints of the body, and to define which joint angles are correlated with power output during paddling on a kayak ergometer. An additional aim was to validate three new classification tests used in classification of Paracanoe athletes. This study was an integral part of developing a new evidence-based classification system for Paracanoe which was accepted by the International Paralympic Committee in 2015. Method 41 PA (13 F and 28 M; 35 ± 9.0 years, 70.6 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.12 m) and 10 AB (4 F and 6 M; 22 ± 3.5 years, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m) participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic data was recorded using an optoelectronic system containing 12 infrared cameras capturing reflective markers placed on the participants, the paddle and on the force transducers. Force was measured at the paddle to enable calculations of power output. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected during paddling on the kayak ergometer at incremental intensities starting at a low intensity level (50 W). The athletes then increased intensity with 50 W up to a high intensity level which was defined as the highest level the athlete could maintain with good technique for 20 stroke cycles. The athletes were then asked to paddle at a maximal level. The kinematic and kinetic data were imported into Visual 3D and MATLAB where all calculations were made. Results There were significant differences between the AB and the three PA classes for joint angles in the shoulder (e.g. flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, AB>PA), trunk (trunk rotation and trunk flexion, AB>PA) and leg (hip, knee and ankle flexion AB>PA) during paddling. Significant positive correlations were seen for both men and women between power output and trunk rotation RoM, hip, knee and ankle flexion RoM and in maximal trunk flexion during paddling. A positive correlation was also seen between the newly developed classification tests and the RoM values and power output. Conclusion This study showed that the RoM of the trunk and legs are positively correlated with power output during paddling on a kayak ergometer and that there is a significant difference between the AB and the PA classes in trunk and leg RoM. The results also showed that the newly developed classification tests are valid tests to use in classification of Paracanoe athletes.
Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka skillnaderna mellan icke funktionsnedsatta idrottare (AB) och tre klasser av funktionsnedsatta idrottare (PA) i tredimensionellt rörelseomfång (RoM) i samtliga större leder i kroppen, och att definiera vilka leder som korrelerade med power output vid paddling på kajak ergometer. Ett ytterligare syfte var att validera tre nya klassificeringstester för klassificering i Parakanot. Denna studie var en viktig del vid utvecklingen av ett nytt evidensbaserat klassificeringssystem för Parakanot vilket blev accepterat av Internationella Paralympiska Kommitteen under 2015. Metod 41 PA (13 K och 28 M; 35 ± 9.0 år, 70.6 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.12 m) och 10 AB (4 K och 6 M; 22 ± 3.5 år, 78.3 ± 10.2 kg, 1.79 ± 0.06 m) deltog i studien. Tredimensionell kinematisk data samlades in med ett optoelektroniskt system innehållandes 12 infraröda kameror som registrerade reflekterande markörer som var fäst på försökspersonerna, på paddeln och på kraftgivarna. Kraft mättes vid paddeln vilket möjliggjorde beräkning av power output. Den kinematiska och kinetiska datan samlades in vid paddling på kajak ergometer på olika intensitetsnivåer och idrottarna startade på en låg intensitetsnivå (50 W). Idrottarna ökade sedan intensitet med 50 W upp till en hög intensitet vilket definierades som den högsta nivån som idrottarna kunde paddla stabilt på med bra teknik i 20 drag cykler. Idrottarna paddlade sedan på en maximal nivå. Den kinematiska och kinetiska datan importerades sedan till Visual3D och MATLAB där alla beräkningar utfördes. Resultat Det fanns en signifikanta skillnader mellan AB och de tre PA klasserna för ledvinklarna i skuldran (flexion/extension och inåt/utåt rotation, AB>PA), bålen (bål rotation och bål flexion, AB>PA) och i benen (höft, knä och ankel flexion, AB>PA) vid paddling. Det fanns en signifikant positiv korrelation för både män och kvinnor mellan power output och RoM i bål rotation, höft, knä och ankel flexion och i maximal bål flexion vid paddling. En positiv korrelation fanns även mellan de nyutvecklade klassificeringstesterna och RoM värdena samt power output. Slutsats Studien visade att bål- och benrörelsen är positivt korrelerat med power output vid paddling på kajak ergometer och att det är en signifikant skillnad mellan AB och PA klasserna i bål och ben RoM. Resultaten visade också att de nyutvecklade klassificeringstesterna är valida tester för användning inom klassificering av Parakanotister.

Kursen Projektarbete.

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Duz, Serkan. "3d Kinematic Analysis Of Three Different Punches In Amateur Boxing." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613156/index.pdf.

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The main objective of this study was to determine differences, if any, in three-dimensional (3D) kinematic characteristics of the three principal punches (the jab, hook and uppercut) executed by novice, intermediate and elite level amateur boxers. Specifically, the kinematic variables related to the displacement, linear velocity and acceleration of the upper body segments, translational hand acceleration and vertical ground reaction force generated by boxers were analyzed. The subjects of this study composed of 10 novice, 9 intermediate, and 11 elite level amateur boxers. Ages of the subjects ranged from 18 to 34 years old. All subjects executed their punches toward a head-high target on a standard practice bag. The motions were captured with PhaseSpace real time optical tracking system with 8 high speed cameras at 240 fps. Then, the motions captured were analyzed to quantify the kinematic factors associated with each punch. The results showed that the uppercut punch generated larger linear shoulder, elbow and wrist velocity compared to the jab punch. Similarly, the uppercut punch generated larger linear shoulder, elbow and wrist acceleration compared to the hook and jab punches. Moreover, the uppercut and hook punches generated larger translational hand acceleration compared to the jab punch. As a conclusion, the results for all kinematic variables demonstrated that the type of punch executed was the major determinant of the magnitude of each factor studied. Moreover, the technique employed can significantly affect the resulting displacement, linear velocity and acceleration, and translational hand acceleration of the fist.

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Kibushi, Benio. "Muscle and kinematic coordination system in human walking." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242738.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第21861号
人博第890号
新制||人||213(附属図書館)
2018||人博||890(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授神﨑素樹, 教授石原昭彦, 教授久代恵介
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Thyagaraj, Suraj. "Dynamic System Analysis of 3D Ultrasonic Neuro-Navigation System." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967797551&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Borgia, Fabio. "Kinematic optimization of an overboarding chute mechanism." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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I had the opportunity to develop my thesis during the Internship Program at F.lli Righini, a world leader in designing and manufacturing offshore equipment. I was tasked with improving the mechanical efficiency of an umbilical lay system. Instead of laying the cable on the sea floor, the Client wished to have it partially floating. A new system had to be devised whereby a number of buoyancy modules had to be installed on the cable itself, an operation complicated by the fact that it could not be performed by a traditional fixed chute. To solve this challenge, Righini suggested an innovative kinematic chute able to perform a certain rotation, thereby fully satisfying the requisites. The aim of this master thesis is to optimize this prototype system. A MATLAB code will be created to conduct a meticulous structural analysis of the kinematic chute, to see if the piston which activates the whole chute rotation can be optimized in terms of weight and cost.

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Brink, Jeffrey Scott. "Reverse kinematic analysis and uncertainty analysis of the space shuttle aft propulsion system (APS) pod lifting fixture." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009460.

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Carter, Sarah Louise. "Lower leg and foot contributions to turnout in pre-professional female dancers: A clinical and kinematic analysis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2101.

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Turnout, the act of externally rotating the legs, is produced through the summation of joint structure characteristics and ranges of motion at the hip, knee, ankle and foot. The hip joint’s contribution to functional turnout, a dancer’s preferred turnout stance, has received extensive examination, whereas little is known about below-the-hip contributions. Dancers with limited hip external rotation (HER) are associated with an increased risk of overuse lower limb injury. These injuries have been attributed to forcing turnout via additional external tibiofemoral rotation (TFR) and foot pronation. Yet knowledge of these compensatory mechanisms is based on biomechanical theories and clinical observations rather than quantitative clinical assessments or 3D motion analysis. The principal aim of this research was to investigate the lower leg and foot contributions to turnout in university-level female dancers using quantitative clinical assessments and 3D motion analysis, as well as the compensations mechanisms dancers use to increase turnout. The first study focused on assessing the lower leg and foot contributions to turnout using the clinical assessments of passive TFR and active measures of foot pronation in turnout. The results showed dancers assumed a more pronated posture in turnout, and those with a greater passive TFR demonstrated a less pronated position in turnout providing new insight into the mechanical coupling between the foot and the tibiofemoral joint in dancers. The purpose of the second study was to use 3D kinematic analyses to determine the lower leg and foot compensations that dancers use to accentuate their turnout. Active and passive TFR of the dancers was also measured. The results demonstrated foot abduction was the strongest predictor of functional and forced turnout, compared to both the hip and knee external rotation. A moderate-strong negative relationship was observed between HER and foot abduction in all turnout conditions. A moderate negative relationship was found between the passive TFR and foot abduction in all turnout conditions. These findings indicate clinical measures of external tibiofemoral rotation can predict the total below-hip compensation mechanisms a dancer uses to achieve turnout. Suggesting, dancers are more likely to pronate about the foot/ankle complex, than rotate at the knee to compensate for limited HER. Whereas dancers with less foot mobility may force additional rotation via the knee which may contribute to rotational knee joint laxity. The previous study provided the rational for an in-depth analysis of the foot/ankle complex such as that provided by three-dimensional multi-segment foot models (3DMFMs). The lack of an appropriate model for ballet dancers led to the modification of the Rizzoli Foot Model. Kinematic repeatability of the model was determined from analysing ballet dancers performing the following movements; parallel stance, turnout plié, turnout stance, turnout rise and flex-point-flex. First metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) in the sagittal plane demonstrated excellent intra and inter-assessor repeatability across all movements. All inter-segmental angles except for the tibia-hindfoot and hindfoot-midfoot frontal planes demonstrated excellent intra-assessor repeatability during flex-point-flex movements. Providing a reliable method to measure 3D foot/ankle complex can enable a deeper understanding of the foot/ankle complex contribution to turnout. Previous 3DMFM used in dance science consisted of only two foot segments, hindfoot and forefoot whereas this model includes a midfoot segment which is important as forefoot abduction has been suggested to give the illusion of a larger turnout angle. The final study aimed to examine the lower leg and foot compensations that dancers use to accentuate their turnout using a dance specific 3DMFM. Hindfoot abduction and eversion were the strongest predictors of foot abduction in turnout. Midfoot abduction was significantly greater in forced turnout compared to functional turnout. No significant differences were found for forefoot abduction, first MTPJ abduction and navicular drop in functional or forced turnout, compared to natural stance. Foot pronation does play a role in achieving turnout and there may be a safe range of pronation. However, the amount of detrimental pronation for a dancer is unknown. The overall results from these studies offer compelling evidence that the foot/ankle complex plays a more important role in achieving turnout, than previously thought. Further prospective research on in situ measures of the lower leg and foot in turnout and injury surveillance are required to improve our understanding of the normal and abnormal dance biomechanics.

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Czyrnyj, Catriona. "UROKIN: A Novel Software for Kinematic Analysis of Urogenital Motion Using Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36147.

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Dynamic transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) video allows for kinematic analysis of urogenital morphology and mobility, however, measures are often limited to peak displacements of anatomical landmarks and are vulnerable to error incurred by probe rotation during imaging. This thesis aimed to (1) develop an algorithm to calculate kinematic curves of urogenital landmark motion from TPUS video and to (2) investigate the error incurred in these kinematic measures due to in-plane ultrasound probe rotation. UROKIN, a semi-automated software, was developed and, as a proof of concept, was used to identify differences in urogenital kinematics during pelvic floor muscle maximum voluntary contractions between women with and without stress urinary incontinence. A mathematical model revealed that the error incurred by TPUS probe rotation in the x- (anterior-posterior) and y- (cranial-caudal) directions, was a factor of: r, the radius of rotation; Ɵ, the in-plane angular probe rotation; and α, the angular deviation between the anatomical planes and the coordinate system in which error was calculated. As an absolute measure, the error incurred by in-plane probe rotation is reduced to a factor of only r and Ɵ. Moving forward, UROKIN must be adapted to include findings from (1), and must be tested for validity and reliability.

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Liu, Yixin. "Error analysis and compensation of a 3D line laser digitizing system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0008/MQ58056.pdf.

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Cheewinsiriwat, Pannee. "Development of a 3D geospatial data representation and spatial analysis system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514467.

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Xu, Cheng. "Enhancement and performance analysis for 3D beamforming systems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16630.

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This thesis is about the researching for 5th generation (5G) communication system, which focus on the improvement of 3D beamforming technology in the antenna array using in the Full Dimension Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (FD-MIMO) system and Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system. When the 3D beamforming technology has been used in 5G communication system, the beam needs a weighting matrix to direct the beam to cover the UEs, but some compromises should be considered. If the narrow beams are used to transmit signals, then more energy is focused in the desired direction, but this has a restricted coverage area to a single or few User Equipments (UEs). If the BS covers multiple UEs, then multiple beams need to be steered towards more groups of UEs, but there is more interference between these beams from their side lobes when they are transmitted at same time. These challenges are waiting to be solved, which are about interference between each beam when the 3D beamforming technology is used. Therefore, there needs to be one method to decrease the generated interference between each beam through directing the side lobe beams and nulls to minimize interference in the 3D beamforming system. Simultaneously, energy needs to be directed towards the desired direction. If it has been decided that one beam should covera cluster of UEs, then there will be a range of received Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) depending on the location of the UEs relative to the direction of the main beam. If the beam is directed towards a group of UEs then there needs be a clustering method to cluster the UEs. In order to cover multiple UEs, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster the multiple UEs into different groups, which is based on the cosine distance. Itcan decrease the number of beams when multiple UEs need be covered by multiple beams at same time. Moreover, a new method has been developed to calculate the weighting matrix for beamforming. It can adjust the values of weighting matrix according to the UEs' location and direct the main beam in a desired direction whilst minimizing its side lobes in other undesired directions. Then the minimum side lobe beamforming system only needs to know the UEs' location and can be used to estimate the Channel State Information (CSI) of UEs. Therefore, the scheme also shows lower complexity when compared to the beamforming methods with pre-coding. In order to test the improved K-means clustering algorithm and the new weighting method that can enhance the performance for 3D beamforming system, the two simulation systems are simulated to show the results such as 3D beamforming LTE system and mm-wave system.

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Ramanathan, Suresh. "Dynamics characterization of highly flexible beams using a 3D motion analysis system /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426096.

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Sherban, V. Yu. "Software components of the system for the kinematic and dynamic analysis of machines for sewing, textile and shoe industries." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6655.

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Sarcia, Sam Rhea 1982. "Design and analysis of a concrete modular housing system constructed with 3D panels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32784.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).
An innovative modular house system design utilizing an alternative concrete residential building system called 3D panels is presented along with an overview of 3D panels as well as relevant methods and markets. The proposed design is an integrated approach to residential construction with unique provisions for structural elements and utilities. The design is hexagonally modular and may be scaled freely with a low number of unique components. An analysis of the house design in terms of labor requirements, construction process, cost, and structural feasibility is also presented.
by Sam Rhea Sarcia.
S.B.

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Nell, Raymond D. "Design and analysis of a system for 3D fabrication of synthetic anatomical structures." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1149.

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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005
This dissertation is the reading and display ofDICOM medical images (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) and production ofmodel artifacts of anatomical organs using Rapid Prototyping An algorithm to read these DICOM medical images was developed. It also displays pixel information ofthe image. When the DICOM image has been read and displayed, the information required to produce the anatomical artifact is extracted. These 2D slice images, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT Scan (Computer Tomography) images are written to 3D file in SLC (Slice files) and STL (Stereolithography File Format) format. A 3D softcopy ofthe anatomical structure is created. At this stage, the clinician or surgeon can make any changes or require additional information to be added to the anatomical structure. With the 3D model available in STL format, a physical artifact is produced using Rapid Prototyping. The external edge ofthe anatomical structure can be produced using Rapid Prototyping as well as the outer rim with the internal structures. To produce the external surface ofthe structure, an outer rim edge detection algorithm has been developed. This will only extract the external surface ofthe structure. In addition to the softcopy ofthe structure, multiple organs can be displayed on the same image and this will give a representation ofthe interaction ofneighboring organs and structures. This is useful as both the normal anatomy as well as the infiltration ofthe abnormal pathology can be viewed simultaneously. One of the major limitations ofdisplaying the information in a 3D image is that the files are very large. Since 3D STL files use triangles to display the outer surface ofa structure, a method to reduce the file size and still keep the image information was developed. The triangle reduction method is a method to display the 3D information and to decrease the STL file size depending on the complexity ofthe outer surface ofthe structure. To ensure that the anatomical model s represented as in the DlCOM files, an Interpolation Algorithm was developed to reconstruct the outer ofthe model from 2D MRI or CT-Scan images. A word about computer models: Some of the programs and presentations are based on the real world. They model the real world and anatomical structures. It is very important to note that the models are created with software. Obviously a model is useful if it resembles reality closely, but it is only a prediction about the model itself. Models are useful because they help to explain why certain things happen and how interaction takes place. Models provide suggestions for how structures might look. Computer models provide answers very quickly. These are computer models representing the real structure. (Czes Kosniowski, 1983)

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Al, Sa'd Mohammad Saleh. "A real-time multi-sensor 3D surface shape measurement system using fringe analysis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6011/.

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This thesis presents a state-of-the-art multi-sensor, 3D surface shape measurement system that is based upon fringe projection/analysis and which operates at speeds approaching real-time. The research programme was carried out as part of MEGURATH (www.megurath.org), a collaborative research project with the aim of improving the treatment of cancer by radiotherapy. The aim of this research programme was to develop a real-time, multi-sensor 3D surface shape measurement system that is based on fringe analysis, which provides the flexibility to choose from amongst several different fringe profilometry methods and to manipulate their settings interactively. The system has been designed specifically to measure dynamic 3D human body surface shape and to act as an enabling technology for the purpose of performing Metrology Guided Radiotherapy (MGRT). However, the system has a wide variety of other potential applications, including 3D modelling and visualisation, verbatim replication, reverse engineering and industrial inspection. It can also be used as a rapid prototyping tool for algorithm development and testing, within the field of fringe pattern profilometry. The system that has been developed provides single, or multi-sensor, measurement modes that are adaptable to the specific requirements of a desired application. The multi-sensor mode can be useful for covering a larger measurement area, by providing a multi-viewpoint measurement. The overall measurement accuracy of the system is better than O.5mm, with measurement speeds of up to 3 million XYZ points/second using the single-sensor mode and rising to up to 4.6 million XYZ points/second when measuring in parallel using the three sensor multi-sensor mode. In addition the system provides a wide-ranging catalogue of fringe profilometry methods and techniques, that enables the reconstruction of 3D information through an interactive user selection of 183 possible different paths of main combinations. The research aspects behind the development of the system are presented in this thesis, along with the author's contribution to this field of research, which has included the provision of a comprehensive framework for producing such a novel optical profilometry system, and the specific techniques that were developed to fulfil the aims of this research programme. This mainly included the following advanced methods: a transversal calibration method for the optical system, an adaptive filtering technique for the Fourier Transform Profilometry (FTP) method, and a method to synthetically restore the locations of the triangulation spots. Similarly, potential applications for the system have been presented and feasibility and accuracy analyses have been conducted, presenting both qualitative and quantitative measurement results. To this end, the high robustness levels exhibited by the system have been demonstrated (in terms of adaptability, accuracy and measurement capability) by performing extensive real experiments and laboratory testing. Finally, a number of potential future system developments are described, with the intention of further extending the system capabilities.

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Dapore, Benjamin R. "Phase Noise Analysis of 3D Images From a Two Wavelength Coherent Imaging System." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1375447146.

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Janardanan, Sruthy. "Explorative bioinformatic analysis of cardiomyocytes in 2D &3D in vitro culture system." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20487.

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The in vitro cell culture models of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have gained a predominant value in the field of drug discovery and is considered an attractive tool for cardiovascular disease modellings. However, despite several reports of different protocols for the hPSC-differentiation into CMs, the development of an efficient, controlled and reproducible 3D differentiation remains challenging. The main aim of this research study was to understand the changes in the gene expression as an impact of spatial orientation ofhPSC-derived CMs in 2D(two-dimensional) and 3D(three-dimensional) culture conditions and to identify the topologically important Hub and Hub-Bottleneck proteins using centrality measures to gain new knowledge for standardizing the pre-clinical models for the regeneration of CMs. The above-mentioned aim was achieved through an extensive bioinformatic analysis on the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Functional annotation analysis of the DEGs from both 2D and 3D was performed using Cytoscape plug-in ClueGO. Followed by the topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) using two centrality parameters; Degree and Betweeness in Cytoscape plug-in CenTiScaPe. The results obtained revealed that compared to 2D, DEGs in 3D are primarily associated with cell signalling suggesting the interaction between cells as an impact of the 3D microenvironment and topological analysis revealed 32 and 39 proteins as Hub and Hub-Bottleneck proteins, respectively in 3D indicating the possibility of utilizing those identified genes and their corresponding proteins as cardiac disease biomarkers in future by further research.

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Zhu, Jinhao. "Uniquimer 3D, a software system for structural DNA nanotechnology design, analysis and evaluation /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202008%20ZHU.

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Lilley, Francis. "An optical 3D body surface measurement system to improve radiotherapy treatment of cancer." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313092.

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Su, Yu. "Quantitative assessment for Parkinson's disease and analysis on applications applying 3D electromagnetic motion system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403662.

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Yang, Jinxiu. "3D seismic analysis of subsurface gas migration and the gas hydrate system offshore Mauritania." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9375/.

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3D seismic data are used in this thesis to investigate fluid migration processes and the gas hydrate system offshore Mauritania. The studied interval was deposited during the Neogene, characterised by fine-grained hemipelagic sediments, polygonal faults, mass transport complexes (MTCs), high amplitude anomalies (HAAs), and a widespread bottom simulating reflection (BSR). In the study area, there are many localized HAAs above some MTCs. Their spatial relationship indicates that there was upward gas migration up the margins or local faults associated with the MTCs. One possible gas source could be dissociated hydrates due to the upward resetting of the BSR, but there may be other sources like in situ biogenic gas. At shallower depth, a gravity-driven fault below the BSR acted as a conduit for gas recycling after hydrate dissociation. There is a close spatial relationship among the fault location, a breached gas accumulation and a shallower free gas zone (FGZ), suggesting the process of gas recycling between hydrates and another gas trap. The BSR is investigated which is composed of alternating high and low amplitudes and characterized by amplitude bands on the BSR map. The high amplitude bands are interpreted to be caused by free gas trapped below the base of gas hydrates, potentially in spaced beds of coarser sediments. These amplitude bands provide evidence of lateral changes in the ambient conditions that control the depth of the BSR, including the variable water depth of the slope, impingement of salt diapir and mud volcano, and canyon cutting at the seabed. Generally this thesis exemplifies the potential of 3D seismic data in studying the gas hydrate system and related processes. For example, mapping the BSR on 3D seismic data can show lateral changes of the BSR at different depths from only one map, representing an effective method to study the base of gas hydrates.

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Buchmann, Thies Joachim. "3D multi-scale finite element analysis of the present-day crustal state of stress and the recent kinematic behaviour of the northern and central Upper Rhine Graben /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990771296/04.

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Florková, Miroslava. "Prostorové analýzy nad 3D modelem města." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390217.

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The thesis is focused on geographic information systems and geographic data analyses tools. Examples of spatial analyses and tools for their creation are presented in ArcGIS at work. The main goal was to create a simulation camera system in the 3D urban model and to create spatial analyzes resulting in the camera's field of vision being intersected with the 3D model of the city. The result is 3D visualization, which shows the range of camera shooting areas. The results obtained were evaluated at the end.

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Laha, Bireswar. "Immersive Virtual Reality and 3D Interaction for Volume Data Analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51817.

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This dissertation provides empirical evidence for the effects of the fidelity of VR system components, and novel 3D interaction techniques for analyzing volume datasets. It provides domain-independent results based on an abstract task taxonomy for visual analysis of scientific datasets. Scientific data generated through various modalities e.g. computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. are in 3D spatial or volumetric format. Scientists from various domains e.g., geophysics, medical biology, etc. use visualizations to analyze data. This dissertation seeks to improve effectiveness of scientific visualizations. Traditional volume data analysis is performed on desktop computers with mouse and keyboard interfaces. Previous research and anecdotal experiences indicate improvements in volume data analysis in systems with very high fidelity of display and interaction (e.g., CAVE) over desktop environments. However, prior results are not generalizable beyond specific hardware platforms, or specific scientific domains and do not look into the effectiveness of 3D interaction techniques. We ran three controlled experiments to study the effects of a few components of VR system fidelity (field of regard, stereo and head tracking) on volume data analysis. We used volume data from paleontology, medical biology and biomechanics. Our results indicate that different components of system fidelity have different effects on the analysis of volume visualizations. One of our experiments provides evidence for validating the concept of Mixed Reality (MR) simulation. Our approach of controlled experimentation with MR simulation provides a methodology to generalize the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) beyond individual systems. To generalize our (and other researchers') findings across disparate domains, we developed and evaluated a taxonomy of visual analysis tasks with volume visualizations. We report our empirical results tied to this taxonomy. We developed the Volume Cracker (VC) technique for improving the effectiveness of volume visualizations. This is a free-hand gesture-based novel 3D interaction (3DI) technique. We describe the design decisions in the development of the Volume Cracker (with a list of usability criteria), and provide the results from an evaluation study. Based on the results, we further demonstrate the design of a bare-hand version of the VC with the Leap Motion controller device. Our evaluations of the VC show the benefits of using 3DI over standard 2DI techniques. This body of work provides the building blocks for a three-way many-many-many mapping between the sets of VR system fidelity components, interaction techniques and visual analysis tasks with volume visualizations. Such a comprehensive mapping can inform the design of next-generation VR systems to improve the effectiveness of scientific data analysis.
Ph. D.

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Zachmann, Lorenz. "3D printing : Potential analysis and implementation of an Additive Manufacturing system to reduce production equipment costs." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155315.

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For the validation of products and processes the automotive series-production relies on specific production equipment and aids. Equipment like jigs for controlling the alignment between different parts, assembly aids or tools to provide help to the assembly worker, or protective covers, for example, to avoid during assembly damage or scratches to surfaces of other parts or equipment already fitted. Currently at Audi Brussels 94% of the equipment manufacturing is outsourced to tool suppliers. The outsourcing process is very costly and implies long delivery times. Therefore, it should be investigated whether it makes economic sense to invest in an Additive Manufacturing (AM) system in order to initiate a turnaround of outsourcing specific production equipment and by this reducing cost and shortening delivery times. If potentials for an AM system are identified and the economic feasibility is ensured, an AM system should be implemented - for this a budget of € 200,000 is planned. First, a state of the art analysis of the AM technology is performed. The analysis includes a comprehensive literature review, exchange of information with other AUDI plants already having experience with AM, visits to AM suppliers and AM service providers. Based on this research, suitable AM technologies will be further analysed with three practical examples such as the control panel protection cover, the combi instrument housing protection cover and the carrier plate of the electric hood hinge screw tightening tool to evaluate the potentials of the AM technology. As a final step a breakeven analysis will decide whether it would be economically sound to invest in an Additive Manufacturing system. This master thesis report showed that the Selective Laser Sintering technology is particularly suitable for the fabrication of equipment such as protection covers. However, it is for Audi Brussels not economically and technologically reasonable to commit themselves to a single Additive Manufacturing technology. The breakeven analysis showed that developing the equipment inhouse and outsourcing the 3D print jobs is the most economical solution. Establishing an inhouse engineering competence was identified as an area requiring action on the part of Audi Brussels as the engineering sector provides the most added value.
För att validera både produkter och processer i fordonsindustrin använder man särskild produktionsutrustning som t.ex. jiggar för att kontrollera passningar mellan olika komponenter, monteringsfixturer och andra gripdon för att underlätta montering och skydd för att undvika skador eller skrapmärken på ytor och komponenter som redan monterats. Audi Bryssel outsourcar idag 94 % av sin tillverkningsutrustning till externa verktygsleverantörer. Denna process är dyr och innebär långa leveranstider. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka om det är ekonomiskt försvarbart att investera i Adderande tillverkning (AT) för att effektivisera den befintliga leveranskedjan och därigenom reducera kostnader och förkorta leveranstider. Om så är fallet bör ett AT system införas, vilket kräver en budget på € 200,000. Först genomfördes en förstudie med kartläggning av den AT-teknologin. Förstudien inkluderade en omfattande litteraturstudie, informations-, kunskaps- och erfarenhetsutbyte med andra tillverkningsenheter inom Audi som redan har erfarenhet av AT och besök hos leverantörer och tjänsteleverantörer av AT. Utifrån denna förstudie gjordes en djupare analys av lämplig AT metod utifrån tre praktiska exempel för att evaluera potentialen med tekniken. Dessa exempel är ett kontrollpanelsskydd, kombiinstrumentets skyddshuva och en fästanordning till motorhuvens gångjärn. Sista steget i analyskedjan är en breakeven analys för att visa om en investering i additiva tillverkningsmetoder är ekonomiskt lönsam. Rapporten visar att Selektiv Lasersintring är en särskilt lämplig metod att använda för att framställa produktionsutrustning som t.ex. skydd för komponenter. Däremot är det inte ekonomiskt eller produktionstekniskt försvarbart för Audi Bryssel att förbinda sig till endast en additiv tillverkningsmetod. Breakeven analysen visar att det är en ekonomisk lönsam investering om man utvecklar den tekniska utrustningen inhouse och outsourcar 3D-printningen. Att etablera AT-kunskap inom Audi Bryssel êr den åtgärd som ger högst förädlingsvärde.

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Yin, Ling. "Automatic Stereoscopic 3D Chroma-Key Matting Using Perceptual Analysis and Prediction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31851.

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This research presents a novel framework for automatic chroma keying and the optimizations for real-time and stereoscopic 3D processing. It first simulates the process of human perception on isolating foreground elements in a given scene by perceptual analysis, and then predicts foreground colours and alpha map based on the analysis results and the restored clean background plate rather than direct sampling. Besides, an object level depth map is generated through stereo matching on a carefully determined feature map. In addition, three prototypes on different platforms have been implemented according to their hardware capability based on the proposed framework. To achieve real-time performance, the entire procedures are optimized for parallel processing and data paths on the GPU, as well as heterogeneous computing between GPU and CPU. The qualitative comparisons between results generated by the proposed algorithm and other existing algorithms show that the proposed one is able to generate more acceptable alpha maps and foreground colours especially in those regions that contain translucencies and details. And the quantitative evaluations also validate our advantages in both quality and speed.

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Pellegatti, Samuele. "Motorized system for opening and closing a domestic dishwasher." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18651/.

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Study and prototyping of a motorized domestic dishwasher for opening and closing the door automatically. Work is split in 3 parts: mechanic, electronic, software. Mechanic deals with hinge kinematic analysis, concept development, simulation analysis, components sizing and construction. Electronic refers to components research, setup and displacement on the dishwasher. Software regards Arduino Mega (the used MCU) state programming. This thesis contains also intermediate trials with encoutered troubles and show how they've been solved. Many future implementations are finally presented.

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Zheng, Chenlin. "Visual consonance: An analytical framework for 3D biomedical animation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/99825/4/Chenlin_Zheng_Thesis.pdf.

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As an emerging medium of 3D animation, 3D biomedical animation has become a solid and important facet for communicating complex biological knowledge. This PhD research developed visual consonance as an analytical framework for providing conceptual guidance to animators while producing 3D biomedical animation. Specifically, it examines and combines the twelve principles of animation and the twelve principles of multimedia learning to generate this analytical framework. Visual consonance provides theoretical guidelines for 3D biomedical animators during the decision-making process and helps them become goal-orientated when producing 3D biomedical animations that are cognitively engaging to the target audiences. Visual consonance can also be used as an analytical tool to understand and critique the current constructional elements of 3D biomedical animation.

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Campisi, Andrea. "Development of a photometric stereo system." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Photometric stereo is a method of estimating surface geometry by using a fixed-position camera and multiple light sources. The idea of photometric stereo is to vary the direction of incident illumination between successive images, while the viewing direction is constant; in this way, the correspondence of image points is known beforehand, as the position of the object is not changed, and surface orientation is determined by using the radiance values recorded with the different images. Photometric stereo has several applications: it is used to detect small surface defects, imperceptible to the human eye; it has also medical applications, i.e. to detect skin lesions and help in the diagnosis of melanoma. More recently, it has been used also to perform a non-invasive 3D scan of surfaces, and as a cheap method to get a real-time facial motion capture, widely used in computer graphics applications. The goals of this thesis are to describe the main algorithms used to achieve a photometric stereo analysis of surfaces, and the realization of a hardware device capable of acquire the images.

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Le, Thu Hoai. "Hyperholomorphic structures and corresponding explicit orthogonal function systems in 3D and 4D." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-150508.

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Die Reichhaltigkeit und breite Anwendbarkeit der Theorie der holomorphen Funktionen in der komplexen Ebene ist stark motivierend eine ähnliche Theorie für höhere Dimensionen zu entwickeln. Viele Forscher waren und sind in diese Aufgaben involviert, insbesondere in der Entwicklung der Quaternionenanalysis. In den letzten Jahren wurde die Quaternionenanalysis bereits erfolgreich auf eine Vielzahl von Problemen der mathematischen Physik angewandt. Das Ziel der Dissertation besteht darin, holomorphe Strukturen in höheren Dimensionen zu studieren. Zunächst wird ein neues Holomorphiekonzept vorgelegt, was auf der Theorie rechtsinvertierbarer Operatoren basiert und nicht auf Verallgemeinerungen des Cauchy-Riemann-Systems wie üblich. Dieser Begriff umfasst die meisten der gut bekannten holomorphen Strukturen in höheren Dimensionen. Unter anderem sind die üblichen Modelle für reelle und komplexe quaternionenwertige Funktionen sowie Clifford-algebra-wertige Funktionen enthalten. Außerdem werden holomorphe Funktionen mittels einer geeignete Formel vom Taylor-Typ durch spezielle Funktionen lokal approximiert. Um globale Approximationen für holomorphe Funktionen zu erhalten, werden im zweiten Teil der Arbeit verschiedene Systeme holomorpher Basisfunktionen in drei und vier Dimensionen mittels geeigneter Fourier-Entwicklungen explizit konstruiert. Das Konzept der Holomorphie ist verbunden mit der Lösung verallgemeinerter Cauchy-Riemann Systeme, deren Funktionswerte reellen Quaternionen bzw. reduzierte Quaternionen sind. In expliziter Form werden orthogonale holomorphe Funktionensysteme konstruiert, die Lösungen des Riesz-Systems bzw. des Moisil-Teodorescu Systems über zylindrischen Gebieten im R3, sowie Lösungen des Riesz-Systems in Kugeln des R4 sind. Um konkrete Anwendungen auf Randwertprobleme realisieren zu können wird eine orthogonale Zerlegung eines Rechts-Quasi-Hilbert-Moduls komplex-quaternionischer Funktionen unter gegebenen Bedingungen studiert. Die Ergebnisse werden auf die Behandlung von Maxwell-Gleichungen mit zeitvariabler elektrischer Dielektrizitätskonstante und magnetischer Permeabilität angewandt
The richness and widely applicability of the theory of holomorphic functions in complex analysis requires to perform a similar theory in higher dimensions. It has been developed by many researchers so far, especially in quaternionic analysis. Over the last years, it has been successfully applied to a vast array of problems in mathematical physics. The aim of this thesis is to study the structure of holomorphy in higher dimensions. First, a new concept of holomorphy is introduced based on the theory of right invertible operators, and not by means of an analogue of the Cauchy-Riemann operator as usual. This notion covers most of the well-known holomorphic structures in higher dimensions including real, complex, quaternionic, Clifford analysis, among others. In addition, from our operators a local approximation of a holomorphic function is attained by the Taylor type formula. In order to obtain the global approximation for holomorphic functions, the second part of the thesis deals with the construction of different systems of basis holomorphic functions in three and four dimensions by means of Fourier analysis. The concept of holomorphy is related to the null-solutions of generalized Cauchy-Riemann systems, which take either values in the reduced quaternions or real quaternions. We obtain several explicit orthogonal holomorphic function systems: solutions to the Riesz and Moisil-Teodorescu systems over cylindrical domains in R3, and solutions to the Riesz system over spherical domains in R4. Having in mind concrete applications to boundary value problems, we investigate an orthogonal decomposition of complex-quaternionic functions over a right quasi-Hilbert module under given conditions. It is then applied to the treatment of Maxwell’s equations with electric permittivity and magnetic permeability depending on the time variable

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Korikawa, Tomohiro. "Parallel Memory System Architectures for Packet Processing in Network Virtualization." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263787.

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Berg, Martin. "Pose Recognition for Tracker Initialization Using 3D Models." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11080.

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In this thesis it is examined whether the pose of an object can be determined by a system trained with a synthetic 3D model of said object. A number of variations of methods using P-channel representation are examined. Reference images are rendered from the 3D model, features, such as gradient orientation and color information are extracted and encoded into P-channels. The P-channel representation is then used to estimate an overlapping channel representation, using B₁-spline functions, to estimate a density function for the feature set. Experiments were conducted with this representation as well as the raw P-channel representation in conjunction with a number of distance measures and estimation methods.

It is shown that, with correct preprocessing and choice of parameters, the pose can be detected with some accuracy and, if not in real-time, fast enough to be useful in a tracker initialization scenario. It is also concluded that the success rate of the estimation depends heavily on the nature of the object.

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Lu, Fei, and Yuan Cao. "Three-Dimensional Modeling for Buildings Evacuation Management." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12622.

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The terrorist attacks on New York City on September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the need to plan for emergency evacuation measures. As a result, three-Dimensional (3D) city and building models have become an important part of GIS analysis. The technology can be used to plan evacuations in complex indoor environments. This thesis had two main objectives. The first goal was to conduct a 3D network analysis of a building for emergency management, which was based on a 3D model of a building in the city of Gävle, Sweden. This 3D model identifies the shortest path from any room to the defined exit. The second objective was to test the predicted evacuation times with a simulation experiment. The 3D model was built by Google Sketch Pro 8 and the 3D network analysis was mainly conducted in the ESRI’s ArcGIS software. The simulation experiment involved 18 volunteers at the organization Future Position X. The 3D network analysis was based on distance measurements instead of GNSS coordinates. The simulation experiment was conducted in four different situations. Crowding was found to be a critical problem during evacuation. Evacuation speeds varied from normal walking to running. However, crowding always increased the evacuation time and thus would affect the survival rate. Evacuation routes should be distributed differently to reduce this problem. The thesis also identifies other factors to be considered when planning emergency routes and challenges posed by the software at this time.

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Xiang, Yantao [Verfasser], Raimund [Akademischer Betreuer] Forst, and Raimund [Gutachter] Forst. "Proof-of-concept study on the effects of customized insoles on the kinematic chain using a 2D gait analysis system / Yantao Xiang ; Gutachter: Raimund Forst ; Betreuer: Raimund Forst." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:29-opus4-172552.

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Lazem, Shaimaa. "Analysis of the Relationships between Changes in Distributed System Behavior and Group Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26732.

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The rapid evolution of portable devices and social media has enabled pervasive forms of distributed cooperation. A group could perform a task using a heterogeneous set of the devices (desktop, mobile), connections (wireless, wired, 3G) and software clients. We call this form of systems Distributed Dynamic Cooperative Environments (DDCEs). Content in DDCEs is created and shared by the users. The content could be static (e.g., video or audio), dynamic (e.g.,wikis), and/or Objects with behavior. Objects with behavior are programmed objects that take advantage of the available computational services (e.g., cloud-based services). Providing a desired Quality of Experience (QoE) in DDCEs is a challenge for cooperative systems designers. DDCEs are expected to provide groups with the utmost flexibility in conducting their cooperative activities. More flexibility at the user side means less control and predictability of the groupsâ behavior at the system side. Due to the lack of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in DDCEs, groups may experience changes in the system behavior that are usually manifested as delays and inconsistencies in the shared state. We question the extent to which cooperation among group members is sensitive to system changes in DDCEs. We argue that a QoE definition for groups should account for cooperation emergence and sustainability. An experiment was conducted, where fifteen groups performed a loosely-coupled task that simulates social traps in a 3D virtual world. The groups were exposed to two forms of system delays. Exo-content delays are exogenous to the provided content (e.g., network delay). Endo-content delays are endogenous to the provided content (e.g., delay in processing time for Objects with behavior). Groups' performance in the experiment and their verbal communication have been recorded and analyzed. The results demonstrate the nonlinearity of groups' behavior when dealing with endo-content delays. System interventions are needed to maintain QoE even though that may increase the cost or the required resources. Systems are designed to be used rather than understood by users. When the system behavior changes, designers have two choices. The first is to expect the users to understand the system behavior and adjust their interaction accordingly. That did not happen in our experiment. Understanding the system behavior informed groups' behavior. It partially influenced how the groups succeeded or failed in accomplishing its goal. The second choice is to understand the semantics of the application and provide guarantees based on these semantics. Based on our results, we introduce the following design guidelines for QoE provision in DDCEs. â ¢If possible the system should keep track of information about group goals and add guarding constraints to protect these goals. â ¢QoE guarantees should be provided based on the semantics of the user-generated content that constitutes the group activity. â ¢Users should be given the option to define the content that is sensitive to system changes (e.g., Objects with behavior that are sensitive to delays or require intensive computations) to avoid the negative impacts of endo-content delays. â ¢Users should define the Objects with behavior that contribute to the shared state in order for the system to maintain the consistency of the shared state. â ¢Endo-content delays were proven to have significantly negative impacts on the groups in our experiment compared to exo-content delays. We argue that system designers, if they have the choice, should trade processing time needed for Objects with behavior for exo-content delay.
Ph. D.

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37

Thulin, Oskar. "Intermediate View Interpolation of Stereoscopic Images for 3D-Display." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7651.

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This thesis investigates how disparity estimation may be used to visualize an object on a 3D-screen. The first part looks into different methods of disparity estimation, and the second part examines different ways to visualize an object from one or several stereo pairs and a disparity map. Input to the system is one or several stereo pairs, and output is a sequence of images of the input scene but from more angles. This sequence of images can be shown on Setred AB's 3D-screen. The system has high real time demands and the goal is to do the disparity estimation and visualization in real time.

In the first part of the thesis, three different ways to calculate disparity maps are implemented and compared. The three methods are correlation-based, local structure-based and phase-based techniques. The correlation-based methods cannot satisfy the real-time demands due to the large number of 2D-convolutions required per pixel. The local structure-based methods have too much noise and cannot satisfy the quality requirements. Therefore, the best method by far is the phase-based method. This method has been implemented in Matlab and C and comparisons between the different implementations are presented.

The quality of the disparity maps is satisfying, but the real-time demands cannot yet be fulfilled. The future work is therefore to optimize the C code and move some functions to a GPU, because a GPU can perform calculations in parallel with the CPU. Another reason is that many of the calculations are related to resizing and warping, which are well-suited to implementation on a GPU.

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Wong, Timothy. "System Design and Analysis for Creating a 3D Virtual Street Scene for Autonomous Vehicles using Geometric Proxies from a Single Video Camera." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2041.

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Self-driving vehicles use a variety of sensors to understand the environment they are in. In order to do so, they must accurately measure the distances and positions of the objects around them. A common representation of the environment around the vehicle is a 3D point cloud, or a set of 3D data points which represent the positions of objects in the real world relative to the car. However, while accurate and useful, these point clouds require large amounts of memory compared to other representations such as lightweight polygonal meshes. In addition, 3D point clouds can be difficult for a human to visually understand as the data points do not always form a naturally coherent object. This paper introduces a system to lower the memory consumption needed for the graphical representation of a virtual street environment. At this time, the proposed system takes in as input a single front-facing video. The system uses the video to retrieve still images of a scene which are then segmented to distinguish the different relevant objects, such as cars and stop signs. The system generates a corresponding virtual street scene and these key objects are visualized in the virtual world as low poly, or low resolution, models of the respective objects. This virtual 3D street environment is created to allow a remote operator to visualize the world that the car is traveling through. At this time, the virtual street includes geometric proxies for parallel parked cars in the form of lightweight polygonal meshes. These meshes are predefined, taking up less memory than a point cloud, which can be costly to transmit from the remote vehicle and potentially difficult for a remote human operator to understand. This paper contributes a design and analysis of an initial system for generating and placing these geometric proxies of parked cars in a virtual street environment from one input video. We discuss the limitations and measure the error for this system as well as reflect on future improvements.

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Abouzaid, Kamal A. "Quantitative Analysis of the Human Intrahepatic Biliary System Using a 3D Model: Implications for Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Surgery." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420736290.

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Törnblom, Nils. "Underwater 3D Surface Scanning using Structured Light." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för bildanalys, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138205.

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In this thesis project, an underwater 3D scanner based on structured light has been constructed and developed. Two other scanners, based on stereoscopy and a line-swept laser, were also tested. The target application is to examine objects inside the water filled reactor vessel of nuclear power plants. Structured light systems (SLS) use a projector to illuminate the surface of the scanned object, and a camera to capture the surfaces' reflection. By projecting a series of specific line-patterns, the pixel columns of the digital projector can be identified off the scanned surface. 3D points can then be triangulated using ray-plane intersection. These points form the basis the final 3D model. To construct an accurate 3D model of the scanned surface, both the projector and the camera need to be calibrated. In the implemented 3D scanner, this was done using the Camera Calibration Toolbox for Matlab. The codebase of this scanner comes from the Matlab implementation by Lanman & Taubin at Brown University. The code has been modified and extended to meet the needs of this project. An examination of the effects of the underwater environment has been performed, both theoretically and experimentally. The performance of the scanner has been analyzed, and different 3D model visualization methods have been tested. In the constructed scanner, a small pico projector was used together with a high pixel count DSLR camera. Because these are both consumer level products, the cost of this system is just a fraction of commercial counterparts, which uses professional components. Yet, thanks to the use of a high pixel count camera, the measurement resolution of the scanner is comparable to the high-end of industrial structured light scanners.

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Abbasi, Behrooz. "A Numerical Analysis of Mine Intersections and Support Systems for Stability." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/390.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Behrooz Abbasi, for the Master of Science Degree in Mining and Mineral Resources Engineering, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale TITLE: A NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MINE INTERSECTIONS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR STABILITY MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Yoginder P. Chugh Back ground: Partial extraction room-and-pillar mining systems provide about 60 % of the underground coal mined in the USA. This mining system develops 3-way and 4-way intersections. Rock falls related to fatal and nonfatal injuries in the USA for the period 2002 to 2007 identified that about 70% of these falls occur at intersections even though they represent only about 20-25 % of the area mined. A recent study on 2004 to 2008 roof-falls data base (RFDB) for Illinois mines, found that over 80% of these falls occurred at intersections. Thus, there is a significant need to improve stability of coal mine intersections if fatal and nonfatal injuries are to be controlled. The overall goal of this research is to develop an improved scientific understanding of stress distribution and instability around a 4-way intersection. An additional goal is to evaluate primary and secondary support layouts for improved stability around 4-way intersections. The following specific tasks were established for this research. * Perform 3-D numerical analyses to develop a better understanding of stress, strain and displacement distributions and associated instabilities around a 4-way intersection to identify ground support requirements. * Identify primary and secondary supports systems that may be suited to meet ground support requirements in (1) above. * Perform numerical analyses with identified primary and secondary supports installed to assess improvements in stability around an intersection. Analyses results show that pillar ribs across an intersection fail first and lead to progressive failure of immediate roof layers. The failure of immediate roof layers extends about 1.8m. In detail, coal ribs around the intersection corners mostly fail due to tensile stress, while roof and floor strata fail due to shear stresses and rib center fail due to combination of shear and tension mechanism. Primary supports significantly improve stability, but they are not adequate to ensure stability of four-way intersections. Secondary supports are needed to further improve stability of intersections. Also, based on the failure analysis a new secondary support system plan was proposed and analyzed.

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Mattio, Elodie. "Développement de systèmes d'analyse en flux imprimés en 3D pour le dosage de Pb, Cd et Hg dans les eaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0361.

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La quantification des métaux dans les milieux aquatiques est un enjeu majeur, au vu de leur toxicité élevée et de leurs nombreuses sources d’émission dans l’environnement. Dans cette optique, le développement de systèmes d’analyse en ligne portables et à bas coût va permettre de réaliser des contrôles répétés et automatisés sur site. Trois métaux ont été ciblés dans cette étude : le plomb, le cadmium et le mercure. Pour développer ces systèmes, l’impression 3D a été utilisée pour réduire les coûts de fabrication et permettre la conception de modules sur mesure. Trois systèmes ont été développés, selon la méthodologie suivante : dans un premier temps, l’échantillon va être photo-oxydé pour extraire les métaux de la matrice organique et minérale, puis les métaux ciblés vont être ensuite préconcentrés sur phase solide, élués et détectés en spectroscopie UV-Visible ou en fluorescence. Les choix de la phase solide, de l’éluant et du réactif de détection vont ainsi être déterminants pour la caractérisation sélective et sensible de chaque métal. Un premier système pour l'analyse du plomb a été développé, et se compose de trois modules imprimés en 3D, accueillant une colonne de résine, un mélangeur, et une cellule de détection optique. Un second système, sous la forme d’un lab-on-valve, permet la quantification du plomb et du cadmium. Enfin le troisième système, portant sur le mercure, intègre une pièce imprimée en 3D dont la surface a été greffée avec une molécule (dithizone carboxylate) permettant l'extraction sélective du mercure du milieu. Ces systèmes conduisent ainsi à de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement de systèmes en flux plus complexes imprimés en 3D
Metals determination in aqueous samples is a major challenge nowadays, in the light of their high toxicity and their numerous emission sources into the environment. In this context, the development of on-line and low-cost analytical systems allows to carry out automated on-site measurements. Three metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) have been targeted in this study. 3D printing has been used in this study to reduce fabrication costs and to allow a tailor-made conception of the units. The developed flow systems in this study are based on the same analytical methodology: first, the sample is photo-oxidized to extract targeted metals from organic and mineral matrix of the sample. Then, metals are preconcentrated on a solid phase, then eluted and detected by UV-Visible or fluorescence spectroscopy. The choices of preconcentration solid phases, eluents, and detection reagents are decisive for the selective and sensitive characterisation of each metal. The first developed system concerns lead analysis, and consists of three 3D printed units, which contain a resin column, a mixing coil, and a spectroscopic flow-cell. The second system for lead and cadmium determination contains a 3D printed lab-on-valve with eight ports, two resin columns, and a mixing coil with baffles. Finally, the third system includes a 3D printed unit whose surface has been modified by grafting a molecule with high affinity for mercury (dithizone carboxylate). This 3D printed unit provides a selective extraction of mercury after modification of its surface. The systems thus developed allow to explore the possibilities of 3D printing for the development of more complex flow systems

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43

Brackley, Victoria. "Exploring the Transfer from Drills to Skills in Elite Freestyle Swimming." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42163/.

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Practice tasks that decompose the skill into smaller components are routinely prescribed by coaches to improve biomechanical qualities for efficient and fast swimming. Such practice tasks are typically referred to as drills and prescribed within part-whole training approaches. The Representative Learning Design (RLD) framework suggests that task decomposition may lack the capability to represent or transfer to the behavioural and movement skills required in competition. Consequently, current practice in swimming may be sub-optimal. This thesis aimed to examine the efficacy of current swimming practice approaches for improving competition performance. To address this concern, this thesis was broken into three studies. Study One (Chapter3) explored the most commonly prescribed training approaches used by elite swimming coaches to improve freestyle stroke technique. The findings indicated that swimming coaches seem to intuitively mention using variants of the constraints-led approach in their practice design. However, in practice, tasks that decompose the skill into smaller components are prioritised. This study provided the foundation to representatively assess the immediate effect task decomposition drills have in supporting freestyle performance. Chapter 4 encapsulated the design and calibration of a swimming 3D kinematic analysis system to allow for drill and freestyle analysis. The eight camera, multi-digital setup allowed for a reliable and accurate quantification of the multi-planar swimming movement. In Study Two and Three (Chapter 5 and 6), the action fidelity of two commonly prescribed upper-limb drills, Long Dog and Polo, were kinematically assessed using group- and individual-based analysis approaches. Six elite freestyle specialists swam a total of 300 m, for each drill, broken into two 25 m laps of drill then two 25 m laps of freestyle swimming. A number of significant kinematic differences and similarities were identified between drill and freestyle swimming. On a group basis, paired t-tests indicated that when swimming the Long Dog drill participants displayed no significant differences in upper-limb characteristics compared to freestyle, yet may not represent the medial- lateral hand pull path of race-pace freestyle. The Polo drill returned similar upper-limb kinematic characteristics to that encouraged for sprint-distance swimmers. Further, the results suggested that the Polo drill could lead to higher stroke rate values and inter-arm coordination that may be beneficial to race-pace freestyle. Individual-based analysis revealed that participants displayed significant individual-specific differences between freestyle and drill swimming. This indicated that certain drills may not be as beneficial for particular swimmers’, based on their distance specialisation and skill level. A combination of both group- and individual-based analysis provided a thorough examination of the effect of drill swimming on freestyle kinematics and performance. The body of work in this thesis provides both detailed insights into elite swimming coaches prescription of training tasks and empirical evidence to confirm or question current task decomposition drills.

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Hu, LinHuan, and 胡林煥. "3D Kinematic Analysis of Volleyball cross-court spiking." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01798893814917278850.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
91
3D Kinematic Analysis of Volleyball cross-court spiking 2003.06 Lin Huan, Hu Chenfu Huang ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the biomechanical analysis characteristics of the high school volleyball players jump spike the ball cross-court. Ten elite and eleven average male players participated in this study. The mean age, height, mass, and practice experiences for average players are 15.9yrs, 176.5cm, 65kg, and 5.3yrs respectively. The mean age, height, mass, and practice experiences for elite players are 17.2yrs, 183.8cm, 74kg, and 6.1yrs respectively. Two Peak high-speed cameras (120Hz) were genlocked to record the spiking action. The results of this study suggest that (1) There is high relation(r=.894) between the height of jump and the vertical velocity of the center of mass at takeoff. (2) Both height of jump and movement of arm swing are the critical factors of initial ball speed when volleyball players spiking. (3) The peak linear velocity of fingers and elbows can predict effectively and determine 66% of ball speed when spiking. Therefore, the main skill training program of volleyball players is aimed to jumping height and movement of arm swing, which can determine initial ball speed. It is suggested that develop the muscles in the legs to jump higher, and making sure that every movement of arm swing show kinetic chain before increase swing speed gradually so to get utmost benefits from the energy of arm swing when smashing, and get faster initial ball speed after smashing and powerful jump spike. Key words : volleyball, spiking, kinematic

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HONG, SHAO-EN, and 洪紹恩. "Development of Mechanical Kinematic System by 3D Printing Method." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96130325037585081331.

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碩士
修平科技大學
電機工程碩士班
104
Recently, the rapid growth of the 3D printing technology has led to the paradigm changing of the manufacture strategy. However, at the present moment 3D printing is only suitable for the fabricating of the sample and prototype, compare to the traditional injection/forming machine. In this paper, the Fused Deposition Modeling method adopts to demonstrate the possibilities of the 3D printing method on the robot arm, the Hexapod machine and the gearbox for the solar scanning/tracing system. Here the author reveals the capabilities for the rapid demonstration and evaluations for update design and further investigation. This report consists of four parts: the first part discussed abut the printing platform and the possible scheme to improve the printing qualities, then the designed robot arm is demonstrating to verify the printing qualities on the control and the kinematics configurations. The investigation on the Hexapod and the Solar scanning device is also been proceed and verified. The discussion on the comparison between the Stereolithoraphy (SLA) and the standard FDM type system (Fused Deposition Modeling) is complete and the recommendations between these two techniques are given. In the following section, the author mention about the fabrication of the robot arm, which include the using of the CAD program to complete the design concept, and setup the kinamic mode through the Arduino control board with Bluetooth control through the mobile device. Similar to the robot arm, the design procedure of the Hexpod is quite similar to the kinematic of the arm. The only different is that the numbers of the server motor that required the additional control board (TOROBOT board), and one need to aware the motion frame that keeping the balancing of the Hexapod. Finally, during the designing of the solar scanner gear box, one need to pay attention on the number of the gear-tooth, the size of the gear and the tolerance criterion. This report suggestion that the FDM printing procedures is more suitable than the SLA method.

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Hsieh, Yao-Jung, and 謝曜榮. "Ambulatory System for Movement Analysis Using a Kinematic Sensor." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09650036605810761668.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
96
In the past few decades, there was a major increment in the population of elders because of the aging of the baby boomer generation. Ambulatory system presents a sound solution for better medical services to elders and relieves the burden on social medical expenses. The recent advancement in wireless sensor network makes remote monitoring of individual's daily activities become feasible. In this thesis, a prototyped ambulatory monitoring system with posture detection for elderly people is developed and presented. In the proposed system, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) using the state of art MEMS technology containing accelerometer and gyroscope sensors real time processed with a Kalman filter to obtain subject’s behaviors. Experiments involving several subjects were carried out and the results indicate an overall accuracy of 90% for a variety of movements associated with normal daily activities.

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Chou, Lin-En, and 周麟恩. "Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of High speed bearing system." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11598946158393074505.

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碩士
國立中山大學
機械工程學系研究所
89
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of a high-speed bearing system. The examined kinematic characteristics will include the maximal speed, fatigue life and stiffness of a bearing system. The stability and transmission force of a bearing system as well as the vibration of its shaft were the studied dynamic characteristics. These analyses were based on the kinemitics of bearing systems, rotor dynamics and elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. According to these analyses, the interaction and consequence among these characteristics and the parameters of a bearing system will be explained. After these analyses, preliminary and simple design trends about a high-speed bearing system are going to be proposed.

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Liao, Ting-Chung, and 廖廷中. "The 3D Kinematic Analysis of Jump Float Serve At Elite Female Volleyball Players." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72017084696721804058.

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碩士
國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
101
Under the new rules, the role of serve in the volleyball competitions was more important. The purpose of serve was to make it scoring a point directly or be difficult for the opponents to receive the ball. The Jump Float Serve (JFS) is more often used in the recent competition. Although the JFS was less effective at scoring a point directly than Jump Topspin Serve (JTS), but the JFS was more difficult for the opponents to receive the ball than JTS. In view of the less research on JFS, this research tried to find out the kinematic characteristics of the JFS and the relationships between kinematic parameters, the speed of the volleyball, the extent of float and pressure of the volleyball. Eleven elite female volleyball players were involved in this research. Motion Analysis System and two cameras were used to record the motion of the JFS and the trajectories of volleyball after impact. Cortex, Kwon3D, and Excel were used to output and analyze the data. The results are presented as mean±SD. Pearson product moment correlation was used for examine the following parameters: 1. The fastest speed of the volleyball and the kinematic parameters, the height of the impact; 2. The extent of float and the kinematic parameters at the fastest speed of the volleyball, the height of the ball at impact; 3. The extent of float and the speed of the volleyball, the pressure of the volleyball. A significance level of .05 was adopted. The results showed that: 1.The angle of the jump at JFS was less than 45 degree. 2.The peak value of the linear velocity on the distal upper limb was more than proximal upper limb. The velocity of the wrist and the palm were decreased at　the impact. 3.In the time of the peak value arising, the linear velocity of the wrist and the palm were almost the same, even the palm was early than wrist, moreover, the wrist and the palm of the distal upper limb were later than the shoulder and the elbow of the proximal upper limb. 4.The peak value of the angular velocity on the elbow at the transverse plane were arising at the impact, moreover, the peak value of the angular velocity on the elbow at the transverse plane was more than shoulder and wrist. 5.The trend of the angle of the torso rotation was a single peak curve from jump to impact at JFS. 6.The height of the impact was higher than the height of 2.24m for women. 7.The speed of the ball at JFS was significantly positive correlated with the peak value of the linear velocity on the wrist and palm. 8.The extent of float at JFS was significantly negative correlated with the horizontal velocity at jump, the peak value of the angular velocity on the elbow at the sagittal plane, and the peak value of the angular velocity on the torso rotation.. 9.The extent of float at JFS was not significantly correlated with the speed of the ball and the pressure of the ball. 　　This research suggested that the female players need to increase the angle of the jump for the higher height at impact. The angular velocity on the wrist was the smaller the better at impact. The motion of the elbow at JFS was worth to investigative in the future.

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Hu, Chia-Jung, and 胡家榮. "Strength test and kinematic analysis of 3D-printed foot orthoses for flat foot." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vggqa5.

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50

Baek, Yoon Su. "Kinematic analysis of legged system locomotion on smooth horizontal surfaces." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37172.

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This thesis presents a model of legged locomotion in which position and velocity of body are directly controlled by positions and velocities of feet. One central relationship between foot acceleration, leg stroke and body velocity is developed. Procedures for determining all parameters of a step sequence including periods of constant body velocity (steady state) and constant linear acceleration of body (transient state) are presented. The following assumptions are used. Symmetrical trapezoidal velocity profiles are used for body and feet. Transient period is longer than or equal to one step time and a multiple of half step time. Step time and duty factor are constant during each locomotion stage. Stepping movements of a pair of legs are 180° out of phase and successive prints of one foot are symmetrically placed relative to the other foot. Starting and stopping occur with feet on a line perpendicular to the direction of body motion. Locomotion starts by lifting one foot and ends with one foot on the ground and the other being placed. When analyzing walking, designing a walking machine or designing a stepping sequence for an existing walking machine, it is important to understand constraints placed on body motion by motion of a single leg. Two dimensionless numbers which describe foot velocity profile are developed. Two additional dimensionless numbers result from constraint of leg workspace by foot acceleration and body velocity during steady state. These numbers provide useful relationships for design procedures. Defining a walking sequence requires transformation of objectives from global to body coordinates and continuously accounting for the relationship between these two systems. The technique described does this when body acceleration is non-zero as well as when body velocity is constant. Relationship between body and global coordinates is tracked for one leg pair using two diagrams: 1) position of feet relative to body versus time; 2) distances moved by feet and body in the global frame. A closed form inverse kinematic solution and an algorithm to find workspace for general three-revolute manipulator are presented.
Graduation date: 1991

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