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Mocanu, Bogdan Cosmin. "3D mesh morphing." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836048.
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This Ph.D. thesis specifically deals with the issue of metamorphosis of 3D objects represented as 3D triangular meshes. The objective is to elaborate a complete 3D mesh morphing methodology which ensures high quality transition sequences, smooth and gradual, consistent with respect to both geometry and topology, and visually pleasant. Our first contributions concern the two different approaches of parameterization: a new barycentric mapping algorithm based on the preservation of the mesh length ratios, and a spherical parameterization technique, exploiting a Gaussian curvature criterion. The experimental evaluation, carried out on 3D models of various shapes, demonstrated a considerably improvement in terms of mesh distortion for both methods. In order to align the features of the two input models, we have considered a warping technique based on the CTPS C2a radial basis function suitable to deform the models embeddings in the parametric domain maintaining a valid mapping through the entire movement process. We show how this technique has to be adapted in order to warp meshes specified in the parametric domains. A final contribution consists of a novel algorithm for constructing a pseudo-metamesh that avoids the complex process of edge intersections encountered in the state-of-the-art. The obtained mesh structure is characterized by a small number of vertices and it is able to approximate both the source and target shapes. The entire mesh morphing framework has been integrated in an interactive application that allows the user to control and visualize all the stages of the morphing process
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Mocanu, Bogdan Cosmin. "3D mesh morphing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0049.
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Cette thèse de doctorat aborde spécifiquement le problème de la métamorphose entre différents maillages 3D, qui peut assurer un niveau élevé de qualité pour la séquence de transition, qui devrait être aussi lisse et progressive que possible, cohérente par rapport à la géométrie et la topologie, et visuellement agréable. Les différentes étapes impliquées dans le processus de transformation sont développées dans cette thèse. Nos premières contributions concernent deux approches différentes des paramétrisations: un algorithme de mappage barycentrique basé sur la préservation des rapports de longueur et une technique de paramétrisation sphérique, exploitant la courbure Gaussien. L'évaluation expérimentale, effectuées sur des modèles 3D de formes variées, démontré une amélioration considérable en termes de distorsion maillage pour les deux méthodes. Afin d’aligner les caractéristiques des deux modèles d'entrée, nous avons considéré une technique de déformation basée sur la fonction radial CTPS C2a approprié pour déformer le mappage dans le domaine paramétrique et maintenir un mappage valide a travers le processus de mouvement. La dernière contribution consiste d’une une nouvelle méthode qui construit un pseudo metamaillage qui évite l'exécution et le suivi des intersections d’arêtes comme rencontrées dans l'état-of-the-art. En outre, notre méthode permet de réduire de manière drastique le nombre de sommets normalement nécessaires dans une structure supermesh. Le cadre générale de métamorphose a été intégré dans une application prototype de morphing qui permet à l'utilisateur d'opérer de façon interactive avec des modèles 3D et de contrôler chaque étape du processus<br>This Ph.D. thesis specifically deals with the issue of metamorphosis of 3D objects represented as 3D triangular meshes. The objective is to elaborate a complete 3D mesh morphing methodology which ensures high quality transition sequences, smooth and gradual, consistent with respect to both geometry and topology, and visually pleasant. Our first contributions concern the two different approaches of parameterization: a new barycentric mapping algorithm based on the preservation of the mesh length ratios, and a spherical parameterization technique, exploiting a Gaussian curvature criterion. The experimental evaluation, carried out on 3D models of various shapes, demonstrated a considerably improvement in terms of mesh distortion for both methods. In order to align the features of the two input models, we have considered a warping technique based on the CTPS C2a radial basis function suitable to deform the models embeddings in the parametric domain maintaining a valid mapping through the entire movement process. We show how this technique has to be adapted in order to warp meshes specified in the parametric domains. A final contribution consists of a novel algorithm for constructing a pseudo-metamesh that avoids the complex process of edge intersections encountered in the state-of-the-art. The obtained mesh structure is characterized by a small number of vertices and it is able to approximate both the source and target shapes. The entire mesh morphing framework has been integrated in an interactive application that allows the user to control and visualize all the stages of the morphing process
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Zhang, Xiao. "Data-driven human body morphing." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2655.
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This thesis presents an efficient and biologically informed 3D human body morphing technique through data-driven alteration of standardized 3D models. The anthropometric data is derived from a large empirical database and processed using principal component analysis (PCA). Although techniques using PCA are relatively commonplace in computer graphics, they are mainly used for scientific visualizations and animation. Here we focus on uncovering the underlying mathematical structure of anthropometric data and using it to build an intuitive interface that allows the interactive manipulation of body shape within the normal range of human variation. We achieve weight/gender based body morphing by using PCA. First we calculate the principal vector space of the original data. The data then are transformed into a new orthogonal multidimensional space. Next, we reduce the dimension of the data by only keeping the components of the most significant principal vectors. We then fit a curve through the original data points and are able to generate a new human body shape by inversely transforming the data from principal vector space back to the original measuring data space. Finally, we sort the original data by the body weight, calculating males and females separately. This enables us to use weight and gender as two intuitive controls for body morphing. The Deformer program is implemented using the programming language C++ with OPENGL and FLTK API. 3D and human body models are created using Alias MayaTm.
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Chu, Chen. "Design synthesis for morphing 3D meso-scale structure." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34676.
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Rapid prototyping (RP) can be used to make complex shapes with very little or even no constraint on the form of the parts. New design methods are needed for parts that can take advantage of the unique capabilities of RP. Although current synthesis methods can successfully solve simple design problems, practical applications with thousands to millions elements are prohibitive to generate solution for.
Two factors are considered. One is the number of design variables; the other is the optimization method. To reduce the number of design variables, parametric approach is introduced. Control diameters are used to control all strut size across the entire structure by utilizing a concept similar to control vertices and Bezier surface. This operation allows the number of design variables to change from the number of elements to a small set of coefficients.
In lattice structure design, global optimization methods are popular and widely used. These methods use heuristic strategies to search the design space and thus perform, as oppose to traditional mathematical programming (MP) methods, a better global search. This work propose that although traditional MP methods find local optimum near starting point, given a quick convergence rate, it will be more efficient to perform such method multiple times to integrate global search than using a global optimization method. Particle Swarm Optimization and Levenburg-Marquardt are chosen to perform the experiments.
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Chabaud, Guillaume. "3D and 4D printing of high performance continuous synthetic and natural fibre composites for structural and morphing applications." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIS563.
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L’impression 3D et plus spécifiquement la technique de Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) de matériaux composites à renforts continus est un domaine d’étude en plein essor visant à pallier les faibles performances mécaniques rencontrées par les composites élaborés en impression 3D et ainsi ouvrir les champs d’applications (aéronautique, course au large…). Autre tendance, l’impression 4D qui permet de développer des matériaux stimulables (capteurs et/ou actionneurs) et d’envisager des structures architecturées complexes se déformant sous l’action de divers stimuli (humidité, électricité, température, pression…). Le travail de thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte pluriel et vise à développer de nouveaux matériaux multifonctionnels par impression 3D et 4D. Dans un premier temps, le travail de thèse a pour objectif scientifique de comprendre les relations entre le procédé, la microstructure induite, les performances mécaniques et hygro-mécaniques en vue d’applications structurelles (aéronautique, course au large …) sur des matériaux composites renforcés de fibres synthétiques (carbone et verre) et naturelles (lin). La deuxième partie des travaux de thèse vise à développer des matériaux composites hygromorphes renforcés de fibres continues (synthétiques et naturelles) par impression 4D avec une architecture en bilame bio-inspirée de la pomme de pin. Le caractère conducteur des fibres de carbone est utilisé pour développer de nouveaux actionneurs electro- thermo-hygromorphes présentant un actionnement contrôlé et accéléré par rapport aux hygromorphes classiques. Enfin, la liberté de design offerte par l’impression 3D a été utilisée pour contrôler localement la rigidité et l’actionnement d’actionneurs composites renforcés de fibres de lin continues<br>3D printing and especially Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology for composite materials reinforced by continuous fibers is an emerging research field which aims to enhance the mechanical performance of 3D printing structures and to widen the field of application (aerospace, sailing…). Another trend, 3D printing allows to develop stimulable materials (sensor and/or actuators) and to consider parts with complex architecture that can be deployed under various stimulation (electricity temperature, pressure…). The present work is therefore part of this context and aims to develop new multi-functional materials elaborated by 4D printing. First, the scientific objective of this work is to better understand the relationship between the process, the induced microstructure, mechanical and the hygromechanical performances in order to target structural applications (aeronautic, sailing) for composite materials reinforced with synthetic fibers (carbon and glass) and natural fibers (flax). The second part of this work aimed to develop hygromorphic composites reinforced with continuous fibers (synthetic and natural) by 4D printing with a bioinspired bilayer architecture inspired by the pinecone scale. The conductive behavior of carbon fiber was used to create new electro-thermo-hygromorph actuators with controlled and accelerated actuation compared to conventional hygromorphs. Finally, the design freedom provided by 4D printing made it possible to control the local stiffness and actuation of composite actuators reinforced with continuous flax fiber
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Erdogdu, Aysu. "Morphable 3d Facial Animation Based On Thin Plate Splines." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611910/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to present a novel three dimensional (3D) facial animation method for morphing emotions and facial expressions from one face model to another. For this purpose, smooth and realistic face models were animated with thin plate splines (TPS). Neutral face models were animated and compared with the actual expressive face models. Neutral and expressive face models were obtained from subjects via a 3D face scanner.
The face models were preprocessed for pose and size normalization. Then muscle and wrinkle control points were located to the source face with neutral expression according to the human anatomy. Facial Action Coding System (FACS) was used to determine the control points and the face regions in the underlying model. The final positions of the control points after a facial expression were received from the expressive scan data of the source face. Afterwards control points were transferred to the target face using the facial landmarks and TPS as the morphing function. Finally, the neutral target face was animated with control points by TPS.
In order to visualize the method, face scans with expressions composed of a selected subset of action units found in Bosphorus Database were used. Five lower-face and three-upper face action units are simulated during this study. For experimental results, the facial expressions were created on the 3D neutral face scan data of a human subject and the synthetic faces were compared to the subject&rsquo<br>s actual 3D scan data with the same facial expressions taken from the dataset.
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Leonardi, Valentin. "Modélisation dynamique et suivi de tumeur dans le volume rénal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4056/document.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation dynamique 3D du rein et le suivi d’une tumeur de cet organe. Il s’inscrit dans le projet KiTT (Kidney Tumor Tracking) qui regroupe des chercheurs issus de plusieurs domaines : la modélisation géométrique, la radiologie et l’urologie. Le cadre de cette thèse suit une tendance de mini-invasivité des gestes chirurgicaux observée ces dernières années (HIFU, coelioscopie). Sa finalité est d’aboutir à un nouveau protocole de destruction de tumeurs rénales totalement non-invasif, par la diffusion d’agents physiques (ondes d’ultrasons) à travers la peau et focalisés sur la tumeur. Devant le mouvement et la déformation que le rein présente au cours du cycle respiratoire, la problématique de ces travaux de recherche est de connaître en permanence la position de la tumeur afin d’ajuster à moyen terme la diffusion des ondes en conséquence<br>This Ph.D. thesis deals with the 3D dynamic modeling of the kidney and tracking a tumor of this organ. It is in line with the KiTT project (Kidney Tumor Tracking) which gathers researchers from different fileds: geometric modeling, radiology and urology. This work arised from the tendency of nowadays surgical gestures to be less and less invasive (HIFU, coelioscopy). Its goal is to result in a totally non-invasive protocol of kidney tumors eradication by transmitting ultrasound waves through the skin without breaking in it. As the kidney presents motions and deformations during the breathing phase, the main issue is to know the kidney and tumor positions at any time in order to adjust the waves accordingly
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DE, SIMONE MATTEO. "Planning Plastic Surgery in 3D. An innovative approach and tool." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2507843.
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Face plastic surgery (PS) plays a major role in today medicine. Both for reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, achieving harmony of facial features is an important, if not the major goal. Several systems have been proposed for presenting to patient and surgeon possible outcomes of the surgical procedure. In this work, we present a new 3D system able to automatically suggest, for selected facial features as nose, chin, etc., shapes that aesthetically match the patient’s face. The basic idea is suggesting shape changes aimed to approach similar but more harmonious faces. To this goal, our system compares the 3D scan of the patient with a database of scans of harmonious faces, excluding the feature to be corrected. Then, the corresponding features of the k most similar harmonious faces, as well as their average, are suitably pasted onto the patient’s face, producing k+1 aesthetically effective surgery simulations. The system has been fully implemented and tested. To demonstrate the system, a 3D database of harmonious faces has been collected and a number of PS treatments have been simulated. The ratings of the outcomes of the simulations, provided by panels of human judges, show that the system and the underlying idea are effective.
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Pecorella, Daniele. "Methodology for the design and optimization of a morphing wing droop-nose structure for greener aircraft." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Droop-Nose Leading Edge (DNLE) morphing wings are one of the most promising devices in order to achieve aerodynamic drag and noise reduction during take-off and landing phases. An accurate design of these structures could lead to the decrease of aircraft fuel consumption in the perspective of reaching a greener aviation, following the objectives indicated by Flightpath 2050 issued by the E.U. However, due to the challenges related to the realization of this technology and TRL reached, DNLE are more likely implemented in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for testing and evaluation purposes. In the present study, an optimization methodology for the DNLE composite laminate skin and morphing mechanism structure is proposed and applied to a study case represented by the UAS-S45 aircraft. The work starts from the morphing leading edge structure developed by the LARCASE laboratory at ETS Montreal. The results showed that by means of the optimization strategy adopted, the force required on the actuator mechanism is 88% lower than the original design. A significant improvement on the profile smoothness along its section and in the spanwise direction in morphing conditions has been obtained too. However, further investigations are still needed in order to achieve a more appropriate morphing shape. Despite this, it appears from the results obtained that the proposed methodology can be useful to tackle the DNLE design problem in an effective and efficient way. What developed in this work has been conceived to support the investigation of DNLE in the small leading edge profiles typical of the UAS. In this way, an easier procedure for the set up of the design flow, and a decrease in the computational effort for the optimization process can be obtained. An experimental validation of the results obtained is currently being performed at ETS, and future development regards the assessment of the errors of the numeric procedure herein presented respect to real data.
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Galland, Florent. "An adaptive model reduction approach for 3D fatigue crack growth in small scale yielding conditions." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596397.
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It has been known for decades that fatigue crack propagation in elastic-plastic media is very sensitive to load history since the nonlinear behavior of the material can have a great influence on propagation rates. However, the raw computation of millions of fatigue cycles with nonlinear material behavior on tridimensional structures would lead to prohibitive calculation times. In this respect, we propose a global model reduction strategy, mixing both the a posteriori and a priori approaches in order to drastically decrease the computational cost of these types of problems. First, the small scale yielding hypothesis is assumed, and an a posteriori model reduction of the plastic behavior of the cracked structure is performed. This reduced model provides incrementally the plastic state in the vicinity of the crack front, from which the instantaneous crack growth rate is inferred. Then an additional a priori model reduction technique is used to accelerate even more the time to solution of the whole problem. This a priori approach consists in building incrementally and without any previous calculations a reduced basis specific to the considered test-case, by extracting information from the evolving displacement field of the structure. Then the displacement solutions of the updated crack geometries are sought as linear combinations of those few basis vectors. The numerical method chosen for this work is the finite element method. Hence, during the propagation the spatial discretization of the model has to be updated to be consistent with the evolving crack front. For this purpose, a specific mesh morphing technique is used, that enables to discretize the evolving model geometry with meshes of the same topology. This morphing method appears to be a key component of the model reduction strategy. Finally, the whole strategy introduced above is embedded inside an adaptive approach, in order to ensure the quality of the results with respect to a given accuracy. The accuracy and the efficiency of this global strategy have been shown through several examples; either in bidimensional and tridimensional cases for model crack propagation, including the industrial example of a helicopter structure.
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Veneziani, Glauco Rogério. "Desenvolvimento de um objeto simulador \"Canis Morphic\" utilizando impressora 3D para aplicação em dosimetria na área de radioterapia veterinária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-05062017-144227/.
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O aumento na longevidade humana fez surgir uma série de doenças com a idade; em contrapartida o avanço da medicina possibilitou o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento de várias doenças antes incuráveis. Esse cenário atual estendese também aos animais domésticos (cães e gatos - PETs) que dobraram sua expectativa de vida nas últimas décadas, fato que os humanos demoraram séculos para alcançar. Do mesmo modo que os humanos, esse aumento na longevidade dos animais veio acompanhado de doenças relacionadas com a idade, entre elas o câncer. Uma das terapias utilizadas atualmente no tratamento do câncer é a radioterapia, técnica que utiliza a radiação ionizante para destruir as células tumorais (volume-alvo) com mínimo prejuízo aos tecidos circunvizinhos sadios (órgãos de risco). Essa técnica exige a realização periódica de testes de controle de qualidade, incluindo a dosimetria com a utilização de objetos simuladores equivalentes ao tecido, de modo a verificar a dose de radiação recebida pelo paciente em tratamento e compará-la posteriormente com a dose de radiação calculada pelo sistema de planejamento. A rápida expansão do mercado de impressoras 3D abriu caminho para uma revolução na área da saúde. Atualmente os objetos simuladores por impressão 3D estão sendo usados em planejamentos de Radioterapia para a localização espacial e mapeamento das curvas de isodose, realizando, assim, um planejamento mais personalizado para cada campo de radiação, além da confecção de implantes dentais, customização de próteses e confecção de bólus. Diante do exposto esse trabalho projetou e desenvolveu um objeto simulador chamado de \"Canis Morphic\" utilizando uma impressora 3D e materiais tecido-equivalentes para a realização dos testes de controle de qualidade e otimização das doses na área de Radioterapia em animais (cães). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram-se promissores na área de criação de simuladores por impressão 3D, com materiais de baixo custo, para aplicação no controle de qualidade em Radioterapia veterinária.<br>The increase in human longevity caused a number of diseases with age; in contrast the advancement of medicine made possible the early diagnosis and treatment of several previously incurable diseases. This scenario is also important for domestic animals (dogs and cats - PETs) that have doubled their life expectancy in recent decades, a fact that humans took centuries to reach. Like humans, this increase in animal longevity was accompanied by age-related diseases, including cancer. One of the therapies currently used in the treatment of cancer is radiation therapy, a technique that uses ionizing radiation to destroy tumor cells (target volume) with minimal impairment to healthy surrounding tissues (organs at risk). This technique requires periodic quality control testing, including dosimetry with the use of tissue-equivalent phantoms, in order to verify the dose of radiation received by the patient being treated and to compare it subsequently with the calculated radiation dose by the treatment planning system. The rapid expansion of the 3D printer opened the way for a health revolution. Currently the 3D impression of phantoms are being used in Radiation therapy\'s planning for the spatial location and mapping of the isodose curves, thus realizing a more personalized planning for each radiation field, besides the preparation of dental implants, customization of prostheses and build of bolus. This work aimed has designed and developed a simulator object called \"Canis Morphic\" using a 3D printer and tissue-equivalent materials to perform quality control and dose optimization tests in the area of Radiation therapy in animals (dogs). The results obtained demonstrated be promising in the area of development of phantoms by 3D printing, with materials of low cost, for application in quality control in Veterinary Radiation therapy.
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Järrendahl, Hannes. "Automatic Detection of Anatomical Landmarks in Three-Dimensional MRI." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130944.
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Detection and positioning of anatomical landmarks, also called points of interest(POI), is often a concept of interest in medical image processing. Different measures or automatic image analyzes are often directly based upon positions of such points, e.g. in organ segmentation or tissue quantification. Manual positioning of these landmarks is a time consuming and resource demanding process. In this thesis, a general method for positioning of anatomical landmarks is outlined, implemented and evaluated. The evaluation of the method is limited to three different POI; left femur head, right femur head and vertebra T9. These POI are used to define the range of the abdomen in order to measure the amount of abdominal fat in 3D data acquired with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By getting more detailed information about the abdominal body fat composition, medical diagnoses can be issued with higher confidence. Examples of applications could be identifying patients with high risk of developing metabolic or catabolic disease and characterizing the effects of different interventions, i.e. training, bariatric surgery and medications. The proposed method is shown to be highly robust and accurate for positioning of left and right femur head. Due to insufficient performance regarding T9 detection, a modified method is proposed for T9 positioning. The modified method shows promises of accurate and repeatable results but has to be evaluated more extensively in order to draw further conclusions.
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VENEZIANI, GLAUCO R. "Desenvolvimento de um objeto simulador "Canis Morphic" utilizando impressora 3D para aplicação em dosimetria na área de radioterapia veterinária." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27967.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-08T16:10:07Z
No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T16:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>O aumento na longevidade humana fez surgir uma série de doenças com a idade; em contrapartida o avanço da medicina possibilitou o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento de várias doenças antes incuráveis. Esse cenário atual estendese também aos animais domésticos (cães e gatos - PETs) que dobraram sua expectativa de vida nas últimas décadas, fato que os humanos demoraram séculos para alcançar. Do mesmo modo que os humanos, esse aumento na longevidade dos animais veio acompanhado de doenças relacionadas com a idade, entre elas o câncer. Uma das terapias utilizadas atualmente no tratamento do câncer é a radioterapia, técnica que utiliza a radiação ionizante para destruir as células tumorais (volume-alvo) com mínimo prejuízo aos tecidos circunvizinhos sadios (órgãos de risco). Essa técnica exige a realização periódica de testes de controle de qualidade, incluindo a dosimetria com a utilização de objetos simuladores equivalentes ao tecido, de modo a verificar a dose de radiação recebida pelo paciente em tratamento e compará-la posteriormente com a dose de radiação calculada pelo sistema de planejamento. A rápida expansão do mercado de impressoras 3D abriu caminho para uma revolução na área da saúde. Atualmente os objetos simuladores por impressão 3D estão sendo usados em planejamentos de Radioterapia para a localização espacial e mapeamento das curvas de isodose, realizando, assim, um planejamento mais personalizado para cada campo de radiação, além da confecção de implantes dentais, customização de próteses e confecção de bólus. Diante do exposto esse trabalho projetou e desenvolveu um objeto simulador chamado de \"Canis Morphic\" utilizando uma impressora 3D e materiais tecido-equivalentes para a realização dos testes de controle de qualidade e otimização das doses na área de Radioterapia em animais (cães). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram-se promissores na área de criação de simuladores por impressão 3D, com materiais de baixo custo, para aplicação no controle de qualidade em Radioterapia veterinária.<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Mesnage, Bruce. "Système cholinergique et modulation de la transmission nociceptive spinale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ122/document.
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L’acétylcholine (ACh) endogène de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière (CDME) exerce une analgésie puissante utilisée en clinique, dont la source et les mécanismes demeurent inconnus. Elle siège probablement au niveau d’un plexus de fibres cholinergiques de la CDME d’origine non-élucidée. Dans ce contexte, nous avons pu établir que ce plexus est principalement issu d’interneurones cholinergiques spinaux caractérisés dans ces travaux, qui seraient donc le substrat probable de l’analgésie décrite. Décrits comme concourant aux effets aigus et analgésiques de la morphine, nous avons, par ailleurs, pu observer que les récepteurs de l’ACh participaient également aux effets chroniques et pro-algésique de la morphine, notamment au niveau de la CDME. Ceci place donc l’ACh comme un effecteur ou intermédiaire de la morphine.Nos travaux suggèrent ainsi que le système cholinergique spinal pourrait constituer une cible thérapeutique alternative pour de nouveaux traitements de la douleur<br>In the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH), endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) acts as a powerful analgesia, of clinical use. Though its source and mechanisms remain unravelled, this analgesia probably lies in a plexus of cholinergic fibers (PCF) located in the SCDH and of undetermined origin. In this context, we established that the PCF mainly originates from a spinal population of cholinergic interneurons, fully characterized in this work. These are, thus, the likely substrate of the spinal cholinergic analgesia.Besides, ACh receptors (AChR) partly mediate the analgesic acute effects of morphine. In this work, we also observed that a chronically-administered AChR agonist reproduces as well the pro-algesic effects of morphine in the same conditions. Thus, ACh appears as a possible intermediary or a final effecter of the morphine pain pathways.Our data suggest that the cholinergic system could become a new putative therapeutic target in pain management and treatment
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梁雅婷. "3D Meshes Morphing Using Compatible Tetrahedrization." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72835619657567509063.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>98<br>In the field of computer graphics, the application of 3D models are used in many ways, such as medical images, entertainment effects, morphing and so on. In order to preserve the correctness of objects we need use a lot of information, but it will affect the efficiency of time. Not only that, in some cases, we can not guarantee that the results can be maintained in the volume of objects, so that the final results do not conform to the user’s expectation.
Therefore, we present a method that using tetrahedrons to fill the hollow structure of the 3D model with the purpose of keeping the original form and structure of the models. First step, we use a simple model as based model, and then use the structure of based model to fill two hollow structure of 3D models. When two models have some structure, we use as-rigid-as possible deformation method to deform these models. By the way, model even in the more exaggerated the change, the minor will not lose its characteristic.
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董懿瑾. "3D Meshes Morphing Using Compatible Tetrahedrization." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68212019432692095369.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>97<br>3D Meshes Morphing Using Compatible Tetrahedrization
Yi-Jin Dung and Ping-Hsien Lin
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering,
National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
Abstract
In recent years, application of 3D models increases day after day, such as medical images, special effects, morphing and so on. However, in order to allow the appearance and the correctness of objects we use a lot of information, as well as users often must step in let users have operational problems. We often spend a great deal of time in such places.
Not only that, in some cases, we have no means to guarantee that the results can be maintained in herent volume of objects, so that the final result does not conform to user's
anticipation. Therefore, we hope to find a method, is more different from the past. It might be applied to the hollow structure of the triangular 3D model, so that model even in the more exaggerated the change, the minor will not lose its characteristic.
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Chi, Yeh Chun, and 葉俊棋. "Comparison of Morphing Techniques and Application of 3D Morphing in Multidimensional Perceptual Space －Using Sofas as Examples." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30193696651691261549.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>設計研究所<br>92<br>The focus of current product design has shifted from functional requirements to emotional appeals. Severe competitions on the market necessitate rapid development of new products that meet both functional and emotional requirements of the consumers. During this development process, designers play the pivotal role of shaping the product, and via the product shapes, communicating to the consumers. There is a need for computer-aided design tools for helping designers investigating a large number of potential designs at the concept development stage.
The shapes of sofa are selected as the target product for this research. The sofa images from 2D morphing, hybrid 3D-2D morphing, and 3D morphing are compared. The 3D morphing technique is better at generating the complete and unambiguous shapes. But it’s difficult to collect the 3D model of sofas. 3D models must be built according to sofa images, subject to the condition that each of 3D morphing models has same number control vertices. It took excessive amount of time to build such 3D morphing models. In contrast, the efficiency of 2D morphing is much better.
Multidimensional Scaling（MDS）was used to construct the perceptual map of the 3D morphing sofas. The new sofa shapes by 3D morphing interpolate between source sofas in the perceptual map. When the shape of sofa morphs gradually, the ‘’rational-emotional’’ affective attribute of the shape varies linearly. On the other hand, the ‘’traditional-modern’’ attribute varies non-linearly, with 50% mixture of two shapes exhibiting more complex and traditional images.
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Chang, Yu-Sheng, and 張裕晟. "A Study and Implementation on 3D Image Morphing by OpenGL." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15988399992999014315.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>玄奘大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>102<br>Due to the continuous improving on powerful computer processor and digital image processing tools, computer animation and special image morphing effect had received much attention and became as important application issues in recent years. This also has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for visual effects in film and television. Morphing is frequently used to produce incredible special effects in the entertainment industry. Traditional 2D image warping based on geometric transformations is to retain geometric alignment between their features, and color interpolation blends their chromatics. In this thesis, we proposed an image meta morphing approach between two 3D images. The process begins with an animator to establish their correspondence with dual pairs of feature primitives, such as mesh nodes, line segments, curves, and points. Before the development of morphing, two 3 dimensional images were generally achieved through the use of depth images, and then double buffering for smooth animation and linear interpolation to fade from one image depth to another are applied. Finally, our experimental results show that the effectiveness of proposed scheme.
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Yang, Can-rui, and 楊璨瑞. "Using Morphing technique to reconstruct 3D face model by 2D Image." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94931480653064810128.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>機械工程所<br>95<br>Technology capable of generating a realistic three-dimensional human face model using 2D images and a generic model has received a lot of attention. Because of the growth of 3D face application software, including for animation and artistic production, we have also developed a system that can reconstruct a 3D human face model easily. The system takes a pair of 2D face images and a generic 3D face model with corresponding feature points. The Morphing Algorithm is then used to reconstruct the 3D face. The system includes an editing tool that deforms the resulting 3D face model using the Free-Form Deformation (FFD) technique.
Our proposed system is different from other research on 3D face modeling in that our imaging process converts a 2D personal image to a 3D point-based data that displays a 3D face with multi-density point clouds. The FFD editing tool with Bezier and B-Spline mathematic modelling are used to deform the resulting 3D face through global and local editing.
In conclusion, our system not only reconstructs a 3D face model easily but also saves on hardware cost. The editing tool enables the results to have more variety and be more interesting.
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young, chang-chao, and 張朝陽. "Application of 3D Morphing Techniques on the Facial Expressions of Computer Animated Characters." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63565549508694735235.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>設計研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
When the general public watches movies, most of inducements of emotional reactions obtained are from actor performances. Backdrops and sound effects, on the other hand, carry far less emotional messages. However, whether characters in movies are actual persons or virtual roles, performance of facial expression is still the primary method to provide the most messages to audiences. Due to the fact that animation has been improved and was in mass production for decades, the requirements for virtual roles’ emotion expressions are more fine and delicate. When animation makers create facial animation, they need to gather a considerable amount of data related to facial expressions as reference, and this production process requires the consumption of large quantity of time cost.
This research uses the morphing technique and theorizes that characters’ facial expressions contain the purest “elements,” which assumes that there are nine models of human fundamental facial expressions: sadness, grieve, anger, surprise, hatred, scorn, happy, laughing, and fear. After defining these nine fundamental facial expressions, we can use 3D Graphics Software Maya to compose 3D models, and use Virtools Software to create an operable simulation interface which comprises of two controllable areas: (1) control of display area, and (2) control of operation area. A user can use the simulation interface to adjust angles of models in the display area and to control variation of fundamental model models in the interpolated value by using the operating area. At least one single fundamental facial expression in the morphing degree can be accomplished through samplings of simulation interface, and up to nine parameters of fundamental facial expression can be operated. Also, models in the display area can immediately show results after morphing. We hope these methods and ideas can rapidly and precisely provide more reference data during animation process.
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Liang, Te-Tsung, and 梁德聰. "Application of Dynamic Display of 3D Morphing in Multidimensional Perceptual Space- Using Automobiles as Examples." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22419131899027147550.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工程技術研究所設計學程<br>88<br>Whether "design concepts" could be improved by computer-aided techniques is one of the often-discussed topics in design. This research proposes a technique that interpolates objects by morphing and visualizes the metamorphosis among the objects by dynamic display. Using data obtained from an attribute-based survey of the perceptions of automobiles, this morphing/visualization technique is applied to visualize points and attribute vectors in the automobile perceptual map. Possible contributions to stimulate new design concepts are discussed.
The dynamic display of the metamorphosis of 3-dimensional objects is achieved by combining the object-movie technique, first proposed by Apple in its Quicktime VR software, and the morphing technique, often used in the movie industry. The object-movies of the source and the destination automobiles, each consisting of a number of key-frames, are used as input for the interpolation of two automobiles. To compute the interpolation, the key-frame shot from a particular angle of the source automobile and that of the destination automobile are taken as input 2-dimensional images. By defining characteristic lines on the pair of source and destination images, intermediate images can be generated. Images generated for all possible angle pairs are then combined into an image matrix, which can be displayed using interactive object movie software.
Visualization of points and attribute vectors are achieved by making use of two geometric constructs: Delaunay Triangulation and Bezier curves. An attribute-based survey of the perceptions of automobiles is first conducted. The perceptual map of the automobiles is computed by using MDPREF program from the data obtained. A Delaunay Triangulation partitions the perceptual map into a number of triangles if the perceptual map is two-dimensional, and into tetrahedra if the perceptual map is three-dimensional. The barycentric coordinates of a point within the triangle or tetrahedron are used as weights in morphing for visualizing the points in the perceptual map. To visualize an attribute vector, a number of automobiles located near the attribute vector of interested are identified. Bezier-curve type blending is then applied to these automobiles to obtain a series of continuous changing automobile shapes for the visualization of the attribute vector. In addition, whether morphing through different combination of automobiles in the perceptual map create similar or drastically different shapes is also discussed.
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Hwang, Wei-Chun, and 黃韋竣. "Computing Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Map Using Discrete Green Function With Applications On 3D Face Morphing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47376153463124901383.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>應用數學系所<br>103<br>Image registration is widely used in computer vision and MRI image. In our work, we focus on clamped-plate splines(CPS) and large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping(LDDMM) and apply the methods to 3D face morphing problem. Riemann mapping is used to map 3D surfaces to a 2D disk D, which form disk images with conformal factor λ(x) and mean curvature h(x). To build the correspondence between these disk images via CPS and LDDMM, we consider the disk as a conformal image I(λ,h)x)。 where h(x). is the image intensity and λ(x) represents the material factor of the disk. However, there is no analytic form of the Green's function for the elastic disk with variable material factor. Therefore, we use finite element method with HCT element to obtain the discrete Green's function which is used as basis to compute the deformation map of LDDMM and CPS. Finally, we interpolate λ(x) and h(x) to reconstruct the missing frames.
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Shelton, Christian R. "Three-Dimensional Correspondence." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5567.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the problem of three-dimensional object correspondence and presents an algorithm for matching two three-dimensional colored surfaces using polygon reduction and the minimization of an energy function. At the core of this algorithm is a novel data-dependent multi-resolution pyramid for polygonal surfaces. The algorithm is general to correspondence between any two manifolds of the same dimension embedded in a higher dimensional space. Results demonstrating correspondences between various objects are presented and a method for incorporating user input is also detailed.