Journal articles: '3d Morphing'

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Bao, Hujun, and Qunsheng Peng. "Interactive 3D Morphing." Computer Graphics Forum 17, no. 3 (August 1998): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00250.

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Jensen, Peter Dørffler Ladegaard, Fengwen Wang, Ignazio Dimino, and Ole Sigmund. "Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wing Structures." Actuators 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090217.

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This work proposes a systematic topology optimization approach for simultaneously designing the morphing functionality and actuation in three-dimensional wing structures. The actuation was modeled by a linear-strain-based expansion in the actuation material. A three-phase material model was employed to represent structural and actuating materials and voids. To ensure both structural stiffness with respect to aerodynamic loading and morphing capabilities, the optimization problem was formulated to minimize structural compliance, while the morphing functionality was enforced by constraining a morphing error between the actual and target wing shape. Moreover, a feature-mapping approach was utilized to constrain and simplify the actuator geometries. A trailing edge wing section was designed to validate the proposed optimization approach. Numerical results demonstrated that three-dimensional optimized wing sections utilize a more advanced structural layout to enhance structural performance while keeping the morphing functionality better than two-dimensional wing ribs. The work presents the first step towards the systematic design of three-dimensional morphing wing sections.

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Gong, Xiaobo, Chengwei Ren, Jian Sun, Peiru Zhang, Lei Du, and Fang Xie. "3D Zero Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb Structure for Morphing Wing Applications." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (November 12, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040198.

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Such as flying creatures, morphing aircraft can expand their aerodynamic flight envelopes by changing aerodynamic shapes, significantly improving the scope of application and flight efficiency. A novel 3D Zero Poisson’s Ratio (ZPR) honeycomb structure is designed to meet the flexible deformation requirements of morphing aircraft. The 3D ZPR honeycomb can deform in the three principal directions with smooth borders and isotropic. Analytical models related to the uniaxial and shear stiffnesses are derived using the Timoshenko beam model and validated using the quasi-static compression test. The Poisson’s ratio of the 3D ZPR honeycomb structure has an average value of 0.0038, proving the feasibility of the 3D ZPR concept. Some pneumatic muscle fibers are introduced into the system as flexible actuators to drive the active deformation of the 3D ZPR honeycomb. The active 3D ZPR honeycomb can contract by 14.4%, unidirectionally bend by 7.8°, and multi-directions bend under 0.4 Mpa pressure. Both ZPR properties and flexible morphing capabilities show the potential of this novel 3D ZPR configuration for morphing wings.

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Bishay, Peter L., Matthew Brody, David Podell, Francisco Corte Garcia, Erik Munoz, Evette Minassian, and Kevin Bradley. "3D-Printed Bio-Inspired Mechanisms for Bird-like Morphing Drones." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2023): 11814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111814.

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Birds have unique flight characteristics unrivaled by even the most advanced drones due in part to their lightweight morphable wings and tail. Advancements in 3D-printing, servomotors, and composite materials are enabling more innovative airplane designs inspired by avian flight that could lead to optimized flight characteristics compared to traditional designs. Morphing technology aims to improve the aerodynamic and power efficiencies of aircraft by eliminating traditional control surfaces and implementing wings with significant shape-changing ability. This work proposes designs of 3D-printed, bio-inspired, non-flapping, morphing wing and tail mechanisms for unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed wing design features a corrugated flexible 3D-printed structure to facilitate sweep morphing with expansion and contraction of the attached artificial feathers. The proposed tail feather expansion mechanism features a 3D-printed flexible structure with circumferential corrugation. The various available 3D-printing materials and the capability to print geometrically complex components have enabled the realization of the proposed morphing deformations without demanding relatively large actuation forces. Proof-of-concept models were manufactured and tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the selected materials and actuators in achieving the desired morphing deformations that resemble those of seagulls.

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Lavine, Marc S. "3D texture morphing for camouflage." Science 358, no. 6360 (October 12, 2017): 183.4–183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.358.6360.183-d.

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Sato, Yoichi, Imari Sato, and Katsushi Ikeuchi. "3D shape and reflectance morphing." Systems and Computers in Japan 29, no. 3 (March 1998): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199803)29:3<28::aid-scj4>3.0.co;2-r.

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Imam, Syed Sarim, Afzal Hussain, Mohammad A. Altamimi, and Sultan Alshehri. "Four-Dimensional Printing for Hydrogel: Theoretical Concept, 4D Materials, Shape-Morphing Way, and Future Perspectives." Polymers 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213858.

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The limitations and challenges possessed in static 3D materials necessitated a new era of 4D shape-morphing constructs for wide applications in diverse fields of science. Shape-morphing behavior of 3D constructs over time is 4D design. Four-dimensional printing technology overcomes the static nature of 3D, improves substantial mechanical strength, and instills versatility and clinical and nonclinical functionality under set environmental conditions (physiological and artificial). Four-dimensional printing of hydrogel-forming materials possesses remarkable properties compared to other printing techniques and has emerged as the most established technique for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, tissue engineering, and biomedical application using shape-morphing materials (natural, synthetic, semisynthetic, and functionalized) in response to single or multiple stimuli. In this article, we addressed a fundamental concept of 4D-printing evolution, 4D printing of hydrogel, shape-morphing way, classification, and future challenges. Moreover, the study compiled a comparative analysis of 4D techniques, 4D products, and mechanical perspectives for their functionality and shape-morphing dynamics. Eventually, despite several advantages of 4D technology over 3D technique in hydrogel fabrication, there are still various challenges to address with using current advanced and sophisticated technology for rapid, safe, biocompatible, and clinical transformation from small-scale laboratory (lab-to-bed translation) to commercial scale.

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BAJZAT, Lucian-Nicolae, and Sebastian-Marian ZAHARIA. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND 3D PRINTING OF A MORPHING WING PROTOTYPE." Review of the Air Force Academy XXI, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2023.21.1.1.

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In this study, two different wing morphing models were chosen for design and testing. The selected models allow for significant considerations due to their airfoil geometry variation and wingspan variation. The purpose of choosing these prototypes was to highlight the benefits of the morphing wing concept as applied to aircraft, and further applied to UAVs, as well as to light and ultra-light aircraft. In order to confirm these advantages that support the reasons for applying the concept, both structural and aerodynamic analyses were carried out. Finally, the morphing wing model with chord extension was physically manufactured by means of a 3D printing process and tested to validate the proposed concept.

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Yan, Han-Bing, Shi-Min Hu, and Ralph R. Martin. "3D Morphing Using Strain Field Interpolation." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-007-9020-z.

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Alsaidi, Bashir, Woong Yeol Joe, and Muhammad Akbar. "Simplified 2D Skin Lattice Models for Multi-Axial Camber Morphing Wing Aircraft." Aerospace 6, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6080090.

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Conventional fixed wing aircraft require a selection of certain thickness of skin material that guarantees structural strength for aerodynamic loadings in various flight modes. However, skin structures of morphing wings are expected to be flexible as well as stiff to structural and coupled aerodynamic loadings from geometry change. Many works in the design of skin structures for morphing wings consider only geometric compliance. Among many morphing classifications, we consider camber rate change as airfoil morphing that changes its rate of the airfoil that induces warping, twisting, and bending in multi-axial directions, which makes compliant skin design for morphing a challenging task. It is desired to design a 3D skin structure for a morphing wing; however, it is a computationally challenging task in the design stage to optimize the design parameters. Therefore, it is of interest to establish the structure design process in rapid approaches. As a first step, the main theme of this study is to numerically validate and suggest simplified 2D plate models that fully represents multi-axial 3D camber morphing. In addition to that, the authors show the usage of lattice structures for the 2D plate models’ skin that will lead to on-demand design of advanced structure through the modification of selected structure.

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Abdessemed, Chawki, Abdessalem Bouferrouk, and Yufeng Yao. "Effects of an Unsteady Morphing Wing with Seamless Side-Edge Transition on Aerodynamic Performance." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031093.

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This paper presents an unsteady flow analysis of a 3D wing with a morphing trailing edge flap (TEF) and a seamless side-edge transition between the morphed and static parts of a wing by introducing an unsteady parametrization method. First, a 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) analysis of a statically morphed TEF with seamless transition is performed and the results are compared with both a baseline clean wing and a wing with a traditional hinged flap configuration at a Reynolds number of 0.7 × 106 for a range of angles of attack (AoA), from 4° to 15°. This study extends some previous published work by examining the inherent unsteady 3D effects due to the presence of the seamless transition. It is found that in the pre-stall regime, the statically morphed wing produces a maximum of a 22% higher lift and a near constant drag reduction of 25% compared with the hinged flap wing, resulting in up to 40% enhancement in the aerodynamic efficiency (i.e., lift/drag ratio). Second, unsteady flow analysis of the dynamically morphing TEF with seamless flap side-edge transition is performed to provide further insights into the dynamic lift and drag forces during the flap motions at three pre-defined morphing frequencies of 4 Hz, 6 Hz, and 8 Hz, respectively. Results have shown that an initially large overshoot in the drag coefficient is observed due to unsteady flow effects induced by the dynamically morphing wing; the overshoot is proportional to the morphing frequency which indicates the need to account for dynamic morphing effects in the design phase of a morphing wing.

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Yan, Xirui, Zhenbo Yu, Bingbing Ni, and Hang Wang. "Cross-Species 3D Face Morphing via Alignment-Aware Controller." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 3018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i3.20208.

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We address cross-species 3D face morphing (i.e., 3D face morphing from human to animal), a novel problem with promising applications in social media and movie industry. It remains challenging how to preserve target structural information and source ﬁne-grained facial details simultaneously. To this end, we propose an Alignment-aware 3D Face Morphing (AFM) framework, which builds semantic-adaptive correspondence between source and target faces across species, via an alignment-aware controller mesh (Explicit Controller, EC) with explicit source/target mesh binding. Based on EC, we introduce Controller-Based Mapping (CBM), which builds semantic consistency between source and target faces according to the semantic importance of different face regions. Additionally, an inference-stage coarse-to-ﬁne strategy is exploited to produce ﬁne-grained meshes with rich facial details from rough meshes. Extensive experimental results in multiple people and animals demonstrate that our method produces high-quality deformation results.

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Canessa, Enrique, and Livio Tenze. "Morphing a Stereogram into Hologram." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6010001.

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We developed a method to transform stereoscopic two-dimensional (2D) images into holograms via unsupervised morphing deformations between left (L) and right (R) input images. By using robust DeepFlow and light-field rendering algorithms, we established correlations between a 2D scene and its three-dimensional (3D) display on a Looking Glass HoloPlay monitor. The possibility of applying this method, together with a lookup table for multi-view glasses-free 3D streaming with a stereo webcam, was also analyzed.

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Alsaidi, Bashir, Woong Yeol Joe, and Muhammad Akbar. "Computational Analysis of 3D Lattice Structures for Skin in Real-Scale Camber Morphing Aircraft." Aerospace 6, no. 7 (July 7, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6070079.

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Conventional or fixed wings require a certain thickness of skin material selection that guarantees structurally reliable strength under expected aerodynamic loadings. However, skin structures of morphing wings need to be flexible as well as stiff enough to deal with multi-axial structural stresses from changed geometry and the coupled aerodynamic loadings. Many works in the design of skin structures for morphing wings take the approach either of only geometric compliance or a simplified model that does not fully represent 3D real-scale wing models. Thus, the main theme of this study is (1) to numerically identify the multi-axial stress, strain, and deformation of skin in a camber morphing wing aircraft under both structure and aerodynamic loadings, and then (2) to show the effectiveness of a direct approach that uses 3D lattice structures for skin. Various lattice structures and their direct 3D wing models have been numerically analyzed for advanced skin design.

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Lee, Amelia Yilin, Aiwu Zhou, Jia An, Chee Kai Chua, and Yi Zhang. "Contactless reversible 4D-printing for 3D-to-3D shape morphing." Virtual and Physical Prototyping 15, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 481–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2020.1822189.

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Jin, Xiaogang, Huagen Wan, and Qunsheng Peng. "Geometric deformations based on 3D volume morphing." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 16, no. 5 (September 2001): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02948962.

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Ucke, Christian, and Hans-Joachim Schlichting. "Morphing, Zoom und 3D. Lamellen- und Linsenrasterbilder." Physik in unserer Zeit 41, no. 1 (January 2010): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.201001209.

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Hannard, Florent, Mohammad Mirkhalaf, Abtin Ameri, and Francois Barthelat. "Segmentations in fins enable large morphing amplitudes combined with high flexural stiffness for fish-inspired robotic materials." Science Robotics 6, no. 57 (August 11, 2021): eabf9710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abf9710.

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Fish fins do not contain muscles, yet fish can change their shape with high precision and speed to produce large and complex hydrodynamic forces—a combination of high morphing efficiency and high flexural stiffness that is rare in modern morphing and robotic materials. These “flexo-morphing” capabilities are rare in modern morphing and robotic materials. The thin rays that stiffen the fins and transmit actuation include mineral segments, a prominent feature whose mechanics and function are not fully understood. Here, we use mechanical modeling and mechanical testing on 3D-printed ray models to show that the function of the segmentation is to provide combinations of high flexural stiffness and high morphing amplitude that are critical to the performance of the fins and would not be possible with rays made of a continuous material. Fish fin–inspired designs that combine very soft materials and very stiff segments can provide robotic materials with large morphing amplitudes and strong grasping forces.

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Komodakis, Nikos, and Georgios Tziritas. "Morphable 3D-Mosaics: A Hybrid Framework for Photorealistic Walkthroughs of Large Natural Environments." Advances in Multimedia 2008 (2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/697454.

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This paper presents a hybrid (geometry- & image-based) framework suitable for providing photorealistic walkthroughs of large, complex outdoor scenes at interactive frame rates. To this end, based just on a sparse set of real stereoscopic views from the scene, a set ofmorphable 3D-mosaicsis automatically constructed first, and then, during rendering, a continuous morphing between those 3D-mosaics that are nearby to the current viewpoint is taking place. The morphing is both photometric, as well as geometric, while we also ensure that it proceeds in a physically valid manner, thus remaining transparent to the user. The effectiveness of our framework has been demonstrated in the 3D visual reconstruction of the Samaria Gorge in Crete, which is one of the largest and most beautiful gorges in Europe.

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Lin, Qianming, Longyu Li, Miao Tang, Xisen Hou, and Chenfeng Ke. "Rapid macroscale shape morphing of 3D-printed polyrotaxane monoliths amplified from pH-controlled nanoscale ring motions." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 44 (2018): 11956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02834f.

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Dai, Hang, Nick Pears, William Smith, and Christian Duncan. "Statistical Modeling of Craniofacial Shape and Texture." International Journal of Computer Vision 128, no. 2 (November 9, 2019): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-019-01260-7.

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Abstract We present a fully-automatic statistical 3D shape modeling approach and apply it to a large dataset of 3D images, the Headspace dataset, thus generating the first public shape-and-texture 3D morphable model (3DMM) of the full human head. Our approach is the first to employ a template that adapts to the dataset subject before dense morphing. This is fully automatic and achieved using 2D facial landmarking, projection to 3D shape, and mesh editing. In dense template morphing, we improve on the well-known Coherent Point Drift algorithm, by incorporating iterative data-sampling and alignment. Our evaluations demonstrate that our method has better performance in correspondence accuracy and modeling ability when compared with other competing algorithms. We propose a texture map refinement scheme to build high quality texture maps and texture model. We present several applications that include the first clinical use of craniofacial 3DMMs in the assessment of different types of surgical intervention applied to a craniosynostosis patient group.

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Krnjaca, Denis, Lorena Krames, Matthias Schaufelberger, and Werner Nahm. "A Statistical Shape Model Pipeline to Enable the Creation of Synthetic 3D Liver Data." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2023-1035.

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Abstract The application of machine learning approaches in medical technology is gaining more and more attention. Due to the high restrictions for collecting intraoperative patient data, synthetic data is increasingly used to support the training of artificial neural networks. We present a pipeline to create a statistical shape model (SSM) using 28 segmented clinical liver CT scans. Our pipeline consists of four steps: data preprocessing, rigid alignment, template morphing, and statistical modeling. We compared two different template morphing approaches: Laplace-Beltrami-regularized projection (LBRP) and nonrigid iterative closest points translational (N-ICP-T) and evaluated both morphing approaches and their corresponding shape model performance using six metrics. LBRP achieved a smaller mean vertex-to-nearest-neighbor distances (2.486±0.897 mm) than N-ICP-T (5.559±2.413 mm). Generalization and specificity errors for LBRP were consistently lower than those of N-ICP-T. The first principal components of the SSM showed realistic anatomical variations. The performance of the SSM was comparable to a state-of-the-art model.

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Jia, Sijia, Zhenkai Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Chen Song, and Chao Yang. "Wind Tunnel Tests of 3D-Printed Variable Camber Morphing Wing." Aerospace 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110699.

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This paper introduces the realization and wind tunnel testing of a novel variable camber wing equipped with compliant morphing trailing edges. Based on the aerodynamic shape and compliant mechanisms that were optimized in advance, a wind tunnel model called mTE4 was developed, in which the rigid leading edge, rigid wing box, and compliant trailing edge were manufactured by 3D printing technology using three different materials. Due to difficulties in the detailed design of a small-scale model, special attention is devoted to the implementation procedure. Additionally, the static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed wind tunnel model were evaluated by ground tests, and the aerodynamic characteristics were evaluated by numerical methods. Then, the aerodynamic performance and the static aeroelastic deformation of the compliant trailing edge were investigated in a low-speed wind tunnel. The load-bearing ability of the proposed compliant morphing trailing edge device was validated and the continuous outer mold surface was found to persist throughout the entire testing period. Notably, a maximum deflection range of 37.9° at the airspeed of 15 m/s was achieved. Additionally, stall mitigation was also achieved by periodically deflecting the morphing trailing edge, enabling a stall angle delay of approximately 1° and 13% increase in post-stall lift coefficient. Finally, the development procedure was validated by comparing the lift between numerical and experimental results.

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Zeng, Xianbing, Tianfeng Zhou, Lei Li, Juncai Song, Ruijue Duan, Xiang Xiao, Baiqian Xu, Guanghao Wu, and Yubing Guo. "Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Director Patterns for Multi-Mode Shape Morphing." Crystals 14, no. 4 (April 10, 2024): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040357.

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Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a monolithic material with programmable three-dimensional (3D) morphing modes stemming from their designable non-uniform molecular orientations (or director). However, the shape morphing mode is generally fixed when director patterns of LCEs are determined. Multi-mode shape morphing is difficult to achieve since director patterns cannot be reconfigured. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to reconfigure LCE director patterns and initial shapes—and thus shape morphing modes—by the manual assembly and de-assembly of LCE pixels. We measured the mechanical properties of LCEs with and without UV glue and found their Young’s moduli were 9.6 MPa and 11.6 MPa. We firstly fabricate LCE pixels with designed director fields and then assemble 24 pixels with required director fields into an LCE film with a designed director pattern, which corresponds to a programmed shape morphing mode. We further exhibit that we can de-assemble the LCE film back into original pixels or new pixels with different shapes and then re-assemble them into a new film with a different initial shape and director pattern, which corresponds to a second programmed shape morphing mode. Principally, we can have a large amount of shape morphing modes if we have enough pixels. The demonstrated capability of multi-mode shape morphing enhances functions of LCEs, which broadens their applications in soft robotics, programmable origami/kirigami, responsive surfaces, and so on.

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Zhao, Qilong, Juan Wang, Huanqing Cui, Hongxu Chen, Yunlong Wang, and Xuemin Du. "Programmed Shape-Morphing Scaffolds Enabling Facile 3D Endothelialization." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 29 (May 22, 2018): 1801027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801027.

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Arseneva, Elena, Rahul Gangopadhyay, and Aleksandra Istomina. "Morphing tree drawings in a small 3D grid." Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 27, no. 4 (2023): 241–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7155/jgaa.00623.

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De Gaspari, Alessandro, and Sergio Ricci. "Knowledge-Based Shape Optimization of Morphing Wing for More Efficient Aircraft." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/325724.

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An optimization procedure for the shape design of morphing aircraft is presented. The process is coupled with a knowledge-based framework combining parametric geometry representation, multidisciplinary modelling, and genetic algorithm. The parameterization method exploits the implicit properties of the Bernstein polynomial least squares fitting to allow both local and global shape control. The framework is able to introduce morphing shape changes in a feasible way, taking into account the presence of structural parts, such as the wing-box, the physical behaviour of the morphing skins, and the effects that these modifications have on the aerodynamic performances. It inherits CAD capabilities of generating 3D deformed morphing shapes and it is able to automatically produce aerodynamic and structural models linked to the same parametric geometry. Dedicated crossover and mutation strategies are used to allow the parametric framework to be efficiently incorporated into the genetic algorithm. This procedure is applied to the shape design of Reference Aircraft (RA) and to the assessment of the potential benefits that morphing devices can bring in terms of aircraft performances. It is adopted for the design of a variable camber morphing wing to investigate the effect of conformal leading and trailing edge control surfaces. Results concerning four different morphing configurations are reported.

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Bishay, Peter L., Erich Burg, Akinwande Akinwunmi, Ryan Phan, and Katrina Sepulveda. "Development of a New Span-Morphing Wing Core Design." Designs 3, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3010012.

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This paper presents a new design for the core of a span-morphing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing that increases the spanwise length of the wing by fifty percent. The purpose of morphing the wingspan is to increase lift and fuel efficiency during extension, to increase maneuverability during contraction, and to add roll control capability through asymmetrical span morphing. The span morphing is continuous throughout the wing, which is comprised of multiple partitions. Three main components make up the structure of each partition: a zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb substructure, telescoping carbon fiber spars and a linear actuator. The zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb substructure is an assembly of rigid internal ribs and flexible chevrons. This innovative multi-part honeycomb design allows the ribs and chevrons to be 3D printed separately from different materials in order to offer different directional stiffness, and to accommodate design iterations and future maintenance. Because of its transverse rigidity and spanwise compliance, the design maintains the airfoil shape and the cross-sectional area during morphing. The telescoping carbon fiber spars interconnect to provide structural support throughout the wing while undergoing morphing. The wing model has been computationally analyzed, manufactured, assembled and experimentally tested.

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Bai, Wubin. "(Invited) 3D Morphable Electronic Systems Via Deterministic Microfolding." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 34 (August 28, 2023): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341934mtgabs.

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DNA and proteins fold in three dimensions (3D) to enable functions that sustain life. Emulation of such reversible folding schemes for functional materials can create promising opportunities for advancing a wide range of technologies. In particular, morphing 3D mesostructures via multiple dimensions for high-performance materials including monocrystalline silicon can enable unconventional designs in sensory robotics, biomedical devices, microelectronics, and microelectromechanical systems. Existing approaches to morphing functional materials mostly rely on planar processes, which often complicates needed mechanisms for structural reconfiguration and limits the choice of materials composition and dimension. This presentation will introduce a bioinspired microfolding strategy to realize 3D reconfigurable microelectronic systems in freestanding forms with various advanced materials and complex architectures. The microfolding mechanism allows access to any transitional states of the folded 3D structures in a reversible fashion, to modulate functionalities on demand. Demonstrations on microantennas for telecommunication, wearable accelerometers for tremor monitoring, and epicardial bioelectronic probes for cardiac mapping, all of which are achieved via the microfolding strategy, further highlight the high potential for a broad range of applications in healthcare and communications industry.

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LUO, YUAN, MARINA L. GAVRILOVA, and PATRICK S. P. WANG. "FACIAL METAMORPHOSIS USING GEOMETRICAL METHODS FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 22, no. 03 (May 2008): 555–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001408006399.

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Facial expression modeling has been a popular topic in biometrics for many years. One of the emerging recent trends is capturing subtle details such as wrinkles, creases and minor imperfections that are highly important for biometric modeling as well as matching. In this paper, we suggest a novel approach to the problem of expression modeling and morphing based on a geometry-based paradigm. In 2D image space, a distance-based morphing system is utilized to create a line drawing style facial animation from two input images representing frontal and profile views of the face. Aging wrinkles and expression lines are extracted and mapped back to the synthesized facial NPR (nonphotorealistic) sketches. In 3D object space, we present a metamorphosis system that combines the traditional free-form deformation (FFD) model with data interpolation techniques based on the proximity preserving Voronoi diagram. With feature points selected from two images of the target face, the proposed system generates the 3D target facial model by transforming a generic model. Experimental results demonstrate that morphing sequences generated by our systems are of convincing quality.

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Zhao, Zhenyu, Yisheng He, Xiao Meng, and Chunhong Ye. "3D-to-3D Microscale Shape-Morphing from Configurable Helices with Controlled Chirality." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13, no. 51 (December 16, 2021): 61723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15711.

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Pandeya, Surya Prakash, Sheng Zou, Byeong-Min Roh, and Xinyi Xiao. "Programmable Thermo-Responsive Self-Morphing Structures Design and Performance." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248775.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, was introduced to design complicated structures/geometries that overcome the manufacturability limitations of traditional manufacturing processes. However, like any other manufacturing technique, AM also has its limitations, such as the need of support structures for overhangs, long build time etc. To overcome these limitations of 3D printing, 4D printing was introduced, which utilizes smart materials and processes to create shapeshifting structures with the external stimuli, such as temperature, humidity, magnetism, etc. The state-of-the-art 4D printing technology focuses on the “form” of the 4D prints through the multi-material variability. However, the quantitative morphing analysis is largely absent in the existing literature on 4D printing. In this research, the inherited material anisotropic behaviors from the AM processes are utilized to drive the morphing behaviors. In addition, the quantitative morphing analysis is performed for designing and controlling the shapeshifting. A material–process–performance 4D printing prediction framework has been developed through a novel dual-way multi-dimensional machine learning model. The morphing evaluation metrics, bending angle and curvature, are obtained and archived at 99% and 93.5% R2, respectively. Based on the proposed method, the material and production time consumption can be reduced by around 65–90%, which justifies that the proposed method can re-imagine the digital–physical production cycle.

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Manna, Raj Kumar, Oleg E. Shklyaev, Howard A. Stone, and Anna C. Balazs. "Chemically controlled shape-morphing of elastic sheets." Materials Horizons 7, no. 9 (2020): 2314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh00730g.

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Liu, Mingchao, Lucie Domino, and Dominic Vella. "Tapered elasticæ as a route for axisymmetric morphing structures." Soft Matter 16, no. 33 (2020): 7739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00714e.

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Transforming flat two-dimensional (2D) sheets into three-dimensional (3D) structures by a combination of careful cutting and applied loads is an emerging manufacturing paradigm; we study how to design the cut pattern to obtain a desired 3D structure.

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Romanyuk, S., S. Pavlov, N. Titova, and L. Koval. "Usage of Graphic 3D Images of Faces for Express Diagnosis and Construction of Biomedical Devices." Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies 42, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2021-42-2-12-20.

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The article discusses the use of graphic images for rapid diagnosis and the construction of biomedical software. Diagnostic features of morphological analysis of images of the human face for plastic and reconstructive operations are determined. The use of 3D images for the diagnosis of genetic diseases is considered. Recommendations for the use of three-dimensional modeling in this field have been developed. The use of morphing of 3D images of the human face for diagnostic tasks is proposed. A method of analyzing the compliance of age-related changes in the child's development with established norms based on the use of image morphing is proposed, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of express diagnosis. The main requirements for the construction of software analogs of biomedical devices using 3-D models are defined, which is the basis for the construction of computerized modern bimedical devices and systems.

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Abdessemed, Chawki, Abdessalem Bouferrouk, and Yufeng Yao. "Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Harmonically Morphing Airfoil Using Dynamic Meshing." Acoustics 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics3010013.

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This work explores the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic responses of an airfoil fitted with a harmonically morphing Trailing Edge Flap (TEF). An unsteady parametrization method adapted for harmonic morphing is introduced, and then coupled with dynamic meshing to drive the morphing process. The turbulence characteristics are calculated using the hybrid Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) RANS-LES model. The far-field tonal noise is predicted using the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy method with corrections to account for spanwise effects using a correlation length of half the airfoil chord. At various morphing frequencies and amplitudes, the 2D aeroacoustic tonal noise spectra are obtained for a NACA 0012 airfoil at a low angle of attack (AoA = 4°), a Reynolds number of 0.62 × 106, and a Mach number of 0.115, respectively, and the dominant tonal frequencies are predicted correctly. The aerodynamic coefficients of the un-morphed configuration show good agreement with published experimental and 3D LES data. For the harmonically morphing TEF case, results show that it is possible to achieve up to a 3% increase in aerodynamic efficiency (L/D). Furthermore, the morphing slightly shifts the predominant tonal peak to higher frequencies, possibly due to the morphing TEF causing a breakup of large-scale shed vortices into smaller, higher frequency turbulent eddies. It appears that larger morphing amplitudes induce higher sound pressure levels (SPLs), and that all the morphing cases induce the shift in the main tonal peak to a higher frequency, with a maximum 1.5 dB reduction in predicted SPL. The proposed dynamic meshing approach incorporating an SBES model provides a reasonable estimation of the NACA 0012 far-field tonal noise at an affordable computational cost. Thus, it can be used as an efficient numerical tool to predict the emitted far-field tonal noise from a morphing wing at the design stage.

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Geronzi, Leonardo, Benigno Marco Fanni, Bart De Jong, Gerben Roest, Sasa Kenjeres, Simona Celi, and Marco Evangelos Biancolini. "A Parametric 3D Model of Human Airways for Particle Drug Delivery and Deposition." Fluids 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9010027.

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The treatment for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease relies on forced inhalation of drug particles. Their distribution is essential for maximizing the outcomes. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to optimize these therapies. In this regard, this study focuses on creating a parametric model of the human respiratory tract from which synthetic anatomies for particle deposition analysis through CFD simulation could be derived. A baseline geometry up to the fourth generation of bronchioles was extracted from a CT dataset. Radial basis function (RBF) mesh morphing acting on a dedicated tree structure was used to modify this baseline mesh, extracting 1000 synthetic anatomies. A total of 26 geometrical parameters affecting branch lengths, angles, and diameters were controlled. Morphed models underwent CFD simulations to analyze airflow and particle dynamics. Mesh morphing was crucial in generating high-quality computational grids, with 96% of the synthetic database being immediately suitable for accurate CFD simulations. Variations in wall shear stress, particle accretion rate, and turbulent kinetic energy across different anatomies highlighted the impact of the anatomical shape on drug delivery and deposition. The study successfully demonstrates the potential of tree-structure-based RBF mesh morphing in generating parametric airways for drug delivery studies.

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Li, Peng, Ling Pan, Dexi Liu, Yubo Tao, and Sheldon Q. Shi. "A Bio-Hygromorph Fabricated with Fish Swim Bladder Hydrogel and Wood Flour-Filled Polylactic Acid Scaffold by 3D Printing." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182896.

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Non-powered adaptive systems are attractive in the construction of environment actuators, meteorosensitive architectures, biomedical devices, and soft robotics. Combining hydrophilic materials and anisotropic structures to mimic self-morphing plant structures has been demonstrated as an effective approach to creating artificial hygromorphs. The convenience of 3D printing technologies in shaping programmable complex structures facilitates the imitation of complex anisotropic plant structures. In this research, we constructed a bio-hygromorph using fish swim bladder hydrogel as the hydrophilic material and wood flour-filled polylactic acid (WPLA) scaffold, which was printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology (3DP). The environmental benign bio-hygromorph displayed morphing abilities triggered by moisture content changes, as the fish swim bladder hydrogel swelled and shrunk during absorption and desorption cycles. The strain disproportion of the two-layered composite structure in the bio-hygromorph drove the bending deformation. Stress analyses performed with finite element analysis (FEA) also revealed the mechanism behind the moisture content driven morphing of the bio-hygromorph. Notably, the bio-hygromorph exhibited faster response times to moisture absorption than desorption, which may donate actuators’ different attributes in distinct moisture conditions.

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Hu, Hao, Chao Huang, Massimiliano Galluzzi, Qiang Ye, Rui Xiao, Xuefeng Yu, and Xuemin Du. "Editing the Shape Morphing of Monocomponent Natural Polysaccharide Hydrogel Films." Research 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9786128.

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Shape-morphing hydrogels can be widely used to develop artificial muscles, reconfigurable biodevices, and soft robotics. However, conventional approaches for developing shape-morphing hydrogels highly rely on composite materials or complex manufacturing techniques, which limit their practical applications. Herein, we develop an unprecedented strategy to edit the shape morphing of monocomponent natural polysaccharide hydrogel films via integrating gradient cross-linking density and geometry effect. Owing to the synergistic effect, the shape morphing of chitosan (CS) hydrogel films with gradient cross-linking density can be facilely edited by changing their geometries (length-to-width ratios or thicknesses). Therefore, helix, short-side rolling, and long-side rolling can be easily customized. Furthermore, various complex artificial 3D deformations such as artificial claw, horn, and flower can also be obtained by combining various flat CS hydrogel films with different geometries into one system, which can further demonstrate various shape transformations as triggered by pH. This work offers a simple strategy to construct a monocomponent hydrogel with geometry-directing programmable deformations, which provides universal insights into the design of shape-morphing polymers and will promote their applications in biodevices and soft robotics.

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Cheng, Gui, Tianrui Ma, Jun Yang, Nan Chang, and Xiang Zhou. "Design and Experiment of a Seamless Morphing Trailing Edge." Aerospace 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030282.

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Morphing trailing edge wing as an important morphing wing technology has gained wide attention because of its advantages, such as gust mitigation, improved aerodynamic efficiency, and reduced radar reflective area. However, the key problems such as low load carrying capacity and insufficient smooth deformation profile are still not solved in a balanced manner. The purpose of this paper is to design a seamless morphing trailing edge structure that has good load bearing capacity and can realize a chord-wise camber variation with a smooth contour subjected to the required aerodynamic load. In this paper, an innovative seamless trailing edge structure is proposed, and the critical dimensions and parameters are designed through a parametric study based on the 2D and 3D finite element models of the trailing edge structure. A physical prototype was designed and fabricated for deformation and load-bearing experiments. The finite element simulation and experimental results show that the morphing trailing edge can carry a 0.015 MPa aerodynamic load and realize the ±15° smooth camber change. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of the proposed morphing trailing edge concept for the real application on aircrafts.

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Klimczyk, Witold Artur, and Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj. "Analysis and optimization of morphing wing aerodynamics." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2017-0289.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a method for analysis and optimization of morphing wing. Moreover, a numerical advantage of morphing airfoil wing, typically assessed in simplified two-dimensional analysis is found using higher fidelity methods.Design/methodology/approachBecause of multi-point nature of morphing wing optimization, an approach for optimization by analysis is presented. Starting from naïve parametrization, multi-fidelity aerodynamic data are used to construct response surface model. From the model, many significant information are extracted related to parameters effect on objective; hence, design sensitivity and, ultimately, optimal solution can be found.FindingsThe method was tested on benchmark problem, with some easy-to-predict results. All of them were confirmed, along with additional information on morphing trailing edge wings. It was found that wing with morphing trailing edge has around 10 per cent lower drag for the same lift requirement when compared to conventional design.Practical implicationsIt is demonstrated that providing a smooth surface on wing gives substantial improvement in multi-purpose aircrafts. Details on how this is achieved are described. The metodology and results presented in current paper can be used in further development of morphing wing.Originality/valueMost of literature describing morphing airfoil design, optimization or calculations, performs only 2D analysis. Furthermore, the comparison is often based on low-fidelity aerodynamic models. This paper uses 3D, multi-fidelity aerodynamic models. The results confirm that this approach reveals information unavailable with simplified models.

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Du, X., H. Cui, Q. Zhao, J. Wang, H. Chen, and Y. Wang. "Inside-Out 3D Reversible Ion-Triggered Shape-Morphing Hydrogels." Research 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/6398296.

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Shape morphing is a critical aptitude for the survival of organisms and is determined by anisotropic tissue composition and directional orientation of micro- and nanostructures within cell walls, resulting in different swelling behaviors. Recent efforts have been dedicated to mimicking the behaviors that nature has perfected over billions of years. We present a robust strategy for preparing 3D periodically patterned single-component sodium alginate hydrogel sheets cross-linked with Ca2+ ions, which can reversibly deform and be retained into various desirable inside-out shapes as triggered by biocompatible ions (Na+/Ca2+). By changing the orientations of the patterned microchannels or triggering with Na+/Ca2+ ions, various 3D twisting, tubular, and plant-inspired architectures can be facilely programmed. Not only can the transformation recover their initial shapes reversibly, but also it can keep the designated shapes without continuous stimuli. These inside-out 3D reversible ion-triggered hydrogel transformations shall inspire more attractive applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and soft robotics fields.

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Du, X., H. Cui, Q. Zhao, J. Wang, H. Chen, and Y. Wang. "Inside-Out 3D Reversible Ion-Triggered Shape-Morphing Hydrogels." Research 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6398296.

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Shape morphing is a critical aptitude for the survival of organisms and is determined by anisotropic tissue composition and directional orientation of micro- and nanostructures within cell walls, resulting in different swelling behaviors. Recent efforts have been dedicated to mimicking the behaviors that nature has perfected over billions of years. We present a robust strategy for preparing 3D periodically patterned single-component sodium alginate hydrogel sheets cross-linked with Ca2+ ions, which can reversibly deform and be retained into various desirable inside-out shapes as triggered by biocompatible ions (Na+/Ca2+). By changing the orientations of the patterned microchannels or triggering with Na+/Ca2+ ions, various 3D twisting, tubular, and plant-inspired architectures can be facilely programmed. Not only can the transformation recover their initial shapes reversibly, but also it can keep the designated shapes without continuous stimuli. These inside-out 3D reversible ion-triggered hydrogel transformations shall inspire more attractive applications in tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and soft robotics fields.

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Liu, Ke, Felix Hacker, and Chiara Daraio. "Robotic surfaces with reversible, spatiotemporal control for shape morphing and object manipulation." Science Robotics 6, no. 53 (April 7, 2021): eabf5116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abf5116.

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Continuous and controlled shape morphing is essential for soft machines to conform, grasp, and move while interacting safely with their surroundings. Shape morphing can be achieved with two-dimensional (2D) sheets that reconfigure into target 3D geometries, for example, using stimuli-responsive materials. However, most existing solutions lack the ability to reprogram their shape, face limitations on attainable geometries, or have insufficient mechanical stiffness to manipulate objects. Here, we develop a soft, robotic surface that allows for large, reprogrammable, and pliable shape morphing into smooth 3D geometries. The robotic surface consists of a layered design composed of two active networks serving as artificial muscles, one passive network serving as a skeleton, and cover scales serving as an artificial skin. The active network consists of a grid of strips made of heat-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) containing stretchable heating coils. The magnitude and speed of contraction of the LCEs can be controlled by varying the input electric currents. The 1D contraction of the LCE strips activates in-plane and out-of-plane deformations; these deformations are both necessary to transform a flat surface into arbitrary 3D geometries. We characterize the fundamental deformation response of the layers and derive a control scheme for actuation. We demonstrate that the robotic surface provides sufficient mechanical stiffness and stability to manipulate other objects. This approach has potential to address the needs of a range of applications beyond shape changes, such as human-robot interactions and reconfigurable electronics.

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Zhao, Tonghui, Yanlin Zhang, Yangyang Fan, Jiao Wang, Hanqing Jiang, and Jiu-an Lv. "Light-modulated liquid crystal elastomer actuator with multimodal shape morphing and multifunction." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 10 (2022): 3796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc06171b.

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We present a simple driving strategy through modulating incident light to produce diverse 3D shape morphing in a single NIR-active LCE actuator, and enable various locomotions (crawling, shifting, rotating, somersaulting, rolling, and even rocking).

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Li, Tianzhen, Jiahui Wang, Liyun Zhang, Jinbin Yang, Mengyan Yang, Deyong Zhu, Xiaohu Zhou, Stephan Handschuh-Wang, Yizhen Liu, and Xuechang Zhou. "“Freezing”, morphing, and folding of stretchy tough hydrogels." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 29 (2017): 5726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb01265a.

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You, Xingyi, Yue Wang, and Xiaohu Zhao. "A Lightweight Monocular 3D Face Reconstruction Method Based on Improved 3D Morphing Models." Sensors 23, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 6713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156713.

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In the past few years, 3D Morphing Model (3DMM)-based methods have achieved remarkable results in single-image 3D face reconstruction. However, high-fidelity 3D face texture generation has been successfully achieved with this method, which mostly uses the power of deep convolutional neural networks during the parameter fitting process, which leads to an increase in the number of network layers and computational burden of the network model and reduces the computational speed. Currently, existing methods increase computational speed by using lightweight networks for parameter fitting, but at the expense of reconstruction accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, we improved the 3D deformation model and proposed an efficient and lightweight network model: Mobile-FaceRNet. First, we combine depthwise separable convolution and multi-scale representation methods to fit the parameters of a 3D deformable model (3DMM); then, we introduce a residual attention module during network training to enhance the network’s attention to important features, guaranteeing high-fidelity facial texture reconstruction quality; and, finally, a new perceptual loss function is designed to better address smoothness and image similarity for the smoothing constraints. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can not only achieve high-precision reconstruction under the premise of lightweight, but it is also more robust to influences such as attitude and occlusion.

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A., Elef,, H. Mousa M., and Nassar H. "An efficient technique for morphing zero-genus 3D objects." International Journal of Physical Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 16, 2014): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijps2014.4157.

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Stindel, E., J. L. Briard, P. Merloz, S. Plaweski, F. Dubrana, C. Lefevre, and J. Troccaz. "Bone Morphing: 3D Morphological Data for Total Knee Arthroplasty." Computer Aided Surgery 7, no. 3 (January 2002): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10929080209146026.

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Guo, Jian Hong, Li Ling Dai, and Tie Qi Li. "Application of 3D Morphing Technology in Car Styling Design." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6908.

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Car styling design has become the important factors of car products sales and car distinctive styling is also the important competition means of car enterprises under the globalization trend. For car styling design, this paper expounds the 3D morphing technology. The technology of the computer automatically generate different from the existing car, can not only shorten the design cycle, and also can provide a lot of stylist designs and car styling design, styling division of material, The technology is a good supplement of recent car styling design technologies for innovation.

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Journal articles on the topic '3d Morphing'

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