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Journal articles on the topic '3D Printed Concrete'

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1

Stolyarov, Oleg, Anna Dontsova, and G. Kozinec. "3D-printed textile-reinforced concrete." Smart composite in construction 5, no. 4 (2024): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1919-2024-5-4-21-34.

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A paper proposes the technological solution for the use of textile reinforcement with the additive technologies in the construction. This solution involves the preliminary manufacture of reinforcing frames. Those are the textile reinforcing net made of an alkali-resistant basic knitted fiberglass with an integrated layer of wall insulation. The treatment of reinforcing net with liquid glass increases the strength characteristics of the resulting composite – textile reinforced concrete. The technology consists in spreading of the prepared frames on the printed structure as a nozzle of 3D printe
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2

Karpova, Ekaterina, Gintautas Skripkiunas, Anastasiia Sedova, and Yelyzaveta Tsimbalyuk. "Additive manufacturing of concrete wall structures." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128103007.

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3D concrete printing is a perspective technology for sustainable construction and realization of sophisticated architectural projects. The current research proposes the thermal engineering calculation of wall structure based on the 3D printed concrete element of a total thickness of 150 mm with the internal air layer about 75 mm. The 3D printing mixture was designed with the addition of perlite as filler in the dosage of 8 % by weight of cement. The printing process was performed by the 3D printer of Contour Crafting type through the nozzle with a size of 20 mm. The thermal engineering calcula
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3

Panțiru, Alexandru, Bogdan-Ionel Luca, and Marinela Bărbuță. "Investigations Regarding Concrete Mixes Suitable for 3D Printing." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Construction. Architecture Section 68, no. 1 (2022): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipca-2022-0010.

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Abstract 3D printed concrete is a relatively new technology that has been gaining popularity in the construction industry in recent years. It involves the use of a 3D printer to deposit layers of concrete in a pre-determined pattern, gradually building up a three-dimensional structure. This process offers several benefits over traditional concrete construction methods, such as the ability to create complex geometries and reduce material waste. One of the main advantages of 3D printed concrete is its ability to produce highly customized and unique designs that would be difficult or impossible t
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4

Shen, Yuhang, Li Lin, Shengjie Wei, Jie Yan, and Tianli Xu. "Research on the Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Solidified 3D Printed Concrete Materials." Buildings 12, no. 12 (2022): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122264.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative manufacturing process based on 3D digital models that involves layer-by-layer addition of materials. In recent years, 3D printing has made good progress in the field of construction, thereby leading to more stringent requirements for materials. In this study, we first compare different equipment and materials used for 3D printing concrete. Subsequently, the mix ratio of extruded and cured 3D printed concrete is studied by using flow and slump as the main evaluation indexes. Through a universal test, the influence of different dosages of water re
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5

Volkan, ARSLAN, and DOĞAN Zekeriya. "3D PRINTED PAVING STONES: A LAB-SCALE RESEARCH." Journal of Natural Science and Technologies 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7241339.

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Recent developments lead to changes in the construction industry as well as in many other industries. Three dimensional (3D) printing technology emerges as a new production method that has become popular in the construction industry. Up to date, the manufacturing industry has been utilized 3D printing technology in order to provide automation, production acceleration and waste reduction. However, 3D printing technology is relatively a new concept in the construction industry.   The main methods for producing with 3D printers are (i) additive manufacturing method, (ii) contour work, (iii)
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Jiang, Xiongzhi, Yujia Li, Zhe Yang, Yangbo Li, and Bobo Xiong. "Harnessing Path Optimization to Enhance the Strength of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Concrete." Buildings 14, no. 2 (2024): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020455.

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The path-dependent strength of three-dimensional printed concrete (3DPC) hinders further engineering application. Printing path optimization is a feasible solution to improve the strength of 3DPC. Here, the mix ratio of 3DPC was studied to print standard concrete specimens with different printing paths using our customized concrete 3D printer, which features fully sealed extrusion and ultrathin nozzles. These paths include crosswise, vertical, arched, and diagonal patterns. Their flexural and compressive strengths were tested. In order to verify the tested results and expose the mechanism of s
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7

Suntharalingam, Thadshajini, Irindu Upasiri, Brabha Nagaratnam, et al. "Finite Element Modelling to Predict the Fire Performance of Bio-Inspired 3D-Printed Concrete Wall Panels Exposed to Realistic Fire." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020111.

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Large-scale additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D concrete printing, is becoming well-recognized and, therefore, has gained intensive research attention. However, this technology requires appropriate specifications and standard guidelines. Furthermore, the performance of printable concrete in elevated temperature circumstances has not yet been explored extensively. Hence, the authors believe that there is a demand for a set of standardized findings obtained with the support of experiments and numerical modelling of the fire performance of 3D-printed concrete structural elements. In gen
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Haibe, Abdirahman Ahmed, and Shreya Vemuganti. "Flexural Response Comparison of Nylon-Based 3D-Printed Glass Fiber Composites and Epoxy-Based Conventional Glass Fiber Composites in Cementitious and Polymer Concretes." Polymers 17, no. 2 (2025): 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020218.

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With 3D printing technology, fiber-reinforced polymer composites can be printed with radical shapes and properties, resulting in varied mechanical performances. Their high strength, light weight, and corrosion resistance are already advantages that make them viable for physical civil infrastructure. It is important to understand these composites’ behavior when used in concrete, as their association can impact debonding failures and overall structural performance. In this study, the flexural behavior of two designs for 3D-printed glass fiber composites is investigated in both Portland cement co
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9

Junaid, M. Talha, Mohamad Alhalabi, Omar Mostafa, and Samer Barakat. "Flexural Characterization of Concrete Beams Reinforced with 3D-Printed Formworks." Materials Science Forum 1108 (December 12, 2023): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-d9r7sj.

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3D printing has been on the rise in recent times and the civil engineering industry has adopted this technology due to its various advantages. However, printing is largely restricted to concrete members while the reinforcement is introduced manually. The current work looks at the possibility of using 3D printed thermoplastics as formwork and reinforcement for concrete beams. Three different polymeric materials, namely PETG, PLA, and TPU were utilized in this research to fabricate formwork-like reinforcement for 150×150×500 mm concrete beams. The reinforcements were 3D-printed using a fused dep
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10

Janse van Rensburg, JJ, Adewumi J. Babafemi, and Riaan Combrinck. "A textile reinforcement method for 3D printed concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236405015.

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The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete elements has proven to be a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. However, before reinforcement can be applied, the behaviour of the consequent composite materials must first be studied. This study, therefore, investigates the macromechanical behaviour of AR glass fibre textile material as reinforcement in terms of its flexural performance, to determine whether it is a feasible solution. During this study, elements, consisting of four layers, are printed flat on the surface bed of the printer and are reinforced by a textile mesh in between s
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11

Liu, Bo, and Liuyan Wang. "Research progress on constructability of 3D printed concrete." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2853, no. 1 (2024): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2853/1/012048.

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Abstract 3D printing concrete technology is an innovative building technology for green manufacturing, but in order to achieve better performance requirements, there is still a need for continuous in-depth research on 3D printing parameters, theory and the use of admixtures. In this paper, the effects of three printing parameters, interlayer interval time, nozzle travel speed and height, and nozzle shape on the constructability of 3D printed concrete were discussed, and the effects of bonding properties on the constructability of 3D printed concrete were analyzed. The study found that shorteni
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12

Joh, Changbin, Jungwoo Lee, The Quang Bui, Jihun Park, and In-Hwan Yang. "Buildability and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Concrete." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214919.

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Recently, 3D concrete printing has progressed rapidly in the construction industry. However, this technique still contains several factors that influence the buildability and mechanical properties of the printed concrete. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the nozzle speed, the interlayer interval time, the rotations per minute (RPMs) of the screw in the 3D printing device, and the presence of lateral supports on the buildability of 3D concrete printing. In addition, this paper presents the results of the mechanical properties, including the compressive, splitting tensile, and f
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13

Chandra, J., H. Wibowo, D. Wijaya, F. O. Purnomo, P. Pudjisuryadi, and A. Antoni. "Modeling and analysis of 3D-printed reinforced and prestressed concrete beams." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 907, no. 1 (2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/907/1/012009.

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Abstract Three-dimensional (3D)-printed concrete is believed to have a significant impact in the construction industry in the future. Some research has been conducted experimentally and analytically to investigate the structural behavior of 3D-printed concrete elements, such as beams. Previous study by the authors attempted to analytically model 3D-printed reinforced concrete (RC) beams failing in flexure that were tested by other researchers. The study was done with the aid of a finite element software. However, there are some limitations of the analytical model to simulate the failure mode o
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14

Ali, Ammar, Raja Dilawar Riaz, Umair Jalil Malik, et al. "Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model for Tensile and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete." Materials 16, no. 11 (2023): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16114149.

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The additive manufacturing of concrete, also known as 3D-printed concrete, is produced layer by layer using a 3D printer. The three-dimensional printing of concrete offers several benefits compared to conventional concrete construction, such as reduced labor costs and wastage of materials. It can also be used to build complex structures with high precision and accuracy. However, optimizing the mix design of 3D-printed concrete is challenging, involving numerous factors and extensive hit-and-trail experimentation. This study addresses this issue by developing predictive models, such as the Gaus
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15

Adamtsevich, Aleksey, Andrey Pustovgar, Liubov Adamtsevich, and Yuriy Markov. "3D CONCRETE PRINTING: A STUDY OF PRINTED STRUCTURES DURABILITY." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 21, no. 2 (2025): 200–219. https://doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2025-21-2-200-219.

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The article presents the results of an experimental study of the influence of technological parameters of construction 3D concrete printing (3DCP) on the durability of printed elements of building structures during accelerated model aging in a climatic chamber. The aim of the work was to study the patterns of degradation of multilayer concrete samples printed on a construction 3D printer in various ways (with and without layer bonding, as well as with cold joint modeling) under cyclic climatic influences. For the experiments, an industrially produced composition of the material for additive co
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16

Iqbal, A. R., and Khairul Fikri Muhammad. "Analysis and Design of Control System for Desktop Size Concrete 3D Printer." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 1 (2022): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i1.8624.

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Concrete, in construction, structural material consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as aggregate (usually sand and gravel), that is bonded together by cement and water. Concrete is the world's second-most-used substance after water, and it is also the most extensively used building material. 3D printer has become a prominent method of additive manufacturing with its rapid prototyping capabilities and is able to reduce the time and cost of any complex manufacturing process. This paper describes work the process of 3D design, analysis, manufacturing and testing of
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17

Jiang, Shangjin, Yuntao Wang, Sudong Hua, Hongfei Yue, and Yanan Zhang. "Preparation and Performance Characterization of Low-Density 3D-Printed Expanded Perlite–Foam Concrete." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156796.

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Traditional lightweight foam concrete typically introduces a large number of voids into the concrete using surfactants to reduce density. However, in 3D printing, the instability of lightweight foam concrete can affect the workability of the slurry. Additionally, the lower strength of foam with more pores also reduces its mechanical performance. This study found that by replacing sand with expanded perlite in 3D-printed foam concrete, the stability of the foam is improved, enhancing the workability of the mixture and increasing the constructability of printed concrete. Furthermore, analyses of
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18

Dvorkin, Leonid, Vitaliy Marchuk, Katarzyna Mróz, Marcin Maroszek, and Izabela Hager. "Energy-Efficient Mixtures Suitable for 3D Technologies." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (2024): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14073038.

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Compositions of fine-grained concrete mixtures that provide the minimum required strength values in 1 day (7.5 MPa) have been developed. A comparison was made of the test results of the properties of samples printed on a 3D printer with samples made according to the same recipes on a vibrating platform. A laboratory printer was designed and constructed to study the properties of extruded mixtures. The method was also proposed for measuring concrete mixes’ structural strength. Analysis of experimental data allowed the establishment of the features of the influence of the mineral additives and s
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19

Yu, Shiwei, Ming Xia, Jay Sanjayan, Lin Yang, Jianzhuang Xiao, and Hongjian Du. "Microstructural characterization of 3D printed concrete." Journal of Building Engineering 44 (December 2021): 102948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102948.

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20

Spurina, Ella, Maris Sinka, Krists Ziemelis, and Diana Bajare. "The effects of 3D printing on frost resistance of concrete." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423, no. 1 (2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2423/1/012037.

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Abstract 3DCP is becoming more common in the construction industry nowadays, however, the aspects of durability of printed concrete are not well-studied yet. This paper focuses on determining how frost-thaw cycles affect printed concrete samples, compared to cast samples of the same concrete mix and whether the conventional concrete frost resistance tests can be applied for 3D printed concrete samples. Two different concrete mixes were both printed and cast – first one was a ready-made mix provided by a dry concrete mix manufacturer and was used for reference, whereas the other mix was prepare
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21

Liu, Shi Ping, Zi Yan Ma, Wen Jie Xia, and Yuan Jing Huang. "Analysis and Optimization of Forming Quality of 3D Concrete Printing Materials." Key Engineering Materials 907 (January 21, 2022): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.907.293.

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3D concrete printing is a kind of construction method that takes concrete as processing material for extrusion forming. The material properties of concrete make it difficult to control the dimensional accuracy of printed parts, so there are always problems in forming quality of concrete printed parts. In this paper, the error sources of concrete printed parts are discussed firstly, and the forming quality of the printed parts material is analyzed in combination with GD&T system and concrete structure engineering construction quality acceptance specifications. Then, the factors affecting th
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22

Richardson, Victoria. "3D printing becomes concrete: exploring the structural potential of concrete 3D printing." Structural Engineer 95, no. 10 (2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/qvsi5222.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is celebrated as part of the next Industrial Revolution, in which automation and artificial intelligence will transform the construction industry. It is at the forefront of building innovation and has the potential to have a revolutionary effect on how structures are built. We are not the first industry to seek the benefits of robotically controlled, free-form manufacture: the medical, automotive and aeronautical industries are just some areas where 3D printed parts are now offered as standard products or component parts. 3D printing has proved particularly succ
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23

Peng, Guanhong. "Digital Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of 3D-printing Concrete." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 10 (August 16, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v10i.1227.

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3d printed concrete technology is a hot research topic in the field of architecture. Printed by layers, the concrete could be stacked accurately in the shape which is digitally designed on computer programs. However, the conventional cement mortar is not suitable for 3D-printing, Because that its aggregate ingredients may cause the cracks in the process of printing. Moreover, the buildability and rheological properties of conventional mortar cannot reach the requirements of 3D-ptinting concrete technology. Ultra-high performance concrete is a developing category of material used in concrete st
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24

Ejaz, Muhammad Mubashar, Muhammad Adeel, Adeel Rehman, Muhammad Abubakar, Shah Zaib, and Sheraz Hussain. "Evaluation of 3D-Printed Concrete Properties for Tunnel Structure Rehabilitation." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 6 (2024): 133–41. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(6).12.

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3D printing technology has developed as a revolutionary method for the repair of tunnel structures, meeting the escalating demands of contemporary urbanization, especially in subway systems. This study analyses the mechanical and material aspects of 3D-printed concrete, concentrating on novel alterations to boost performance. Research examined the impact of biochar as an addition on the hydration, flowability, pumpability, and mechanical qualities of 3D-printed concrete across different dosages and ages. The feasibility of ultrasonic wave velocity as a non-destructive technique for evaluating
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Ejaz, Muhammad Mubashar, Muhammad Adeel, Adeel Rehman, Muhammad Abubakar, Shah Zaib, and Sheraz Hussain. "Evaluation of 3D-Printed Concrete Properties for Tunnel Structure Rehabilitation." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 6 (2024): 133–41. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(6).12.

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3D printing technology has developed as a revolutionary method for the repair of tunnel structures, meeting the escalating demands of contemporary urbanization, especially in subway systems. This study analyses the mechanical and material aspects of 3D-printed concrete, concentrating on novel alterations to boost performance. Research examined the impact of biochar as an addition on the hydration, flowability, pumpability, and mechanical qualities of 3D-printed concrete across different dosages and ages. The feasibility of ultrasonic wave velocity as a non-destructive technique for evaluating
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26

Cao, Xiangpeng, Shiheng Yu, and Hongzhi Cui. "Experimental Investigation on Inner- and Inter-Strip Reinforcements for 3D Printed Concrete via Automatic Staple Inserting Technique." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042099.

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Lack of reinforcements is an existing drawback of 3D printed cementitious components, which is an urgent concern. A staple-inserting apparatus was developed and installed on a 3D printer and automatically fabricated 3D printed and staple-reinforced components with 98% successful insertion to achieve inner- and inter-reinforcement of the printed strips. The inserted staples inside the printed strips improved the compressive strength by 25% maximum owing to the inner locking effect by the staple pins, while the flexural strength did not increase because the scattered staples functioned separatel
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Cao, Chenyu, Dongsheng Sun, Zhijun Xian, and Hengyu Zhang. "A brief review of 3D printed concrete." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 28 (December 31, 2022): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v28i.4204.

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From the outline molding process invented by Professor Khosnevis of the University of Southern California in 2004, which is recognized as the earliest architectural 3D printing technology in the industry, to the concrete printer of COBOD, a 3D printing and construction company in Denmark, which adopts the one-time printing technology, the whole structure is not assembled or printed in pieces. It took three weeks to print the wind turbine, which has a base height of 10 meters and a support height of 200 meters, all at once. Many countries, construction companies and research institutions around
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Cui, Hongzhi, Shiheng Yu, Xiangpeng Cao, and Haibin Yang. "Evaluation of Printability and Thermal Properties of 3D Printed Concrete Mixed with Phase Change Materials." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061978.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete has recently received considerable research attention. In buildings, phase change materials (PCMs) with excellent thermoregulatory properties and thermal storage capacity can improve the insulation capacity of external walls and reduce energy consumption. In this study, microencapsulated paraffin was added to a 3D printable material and a 3D printed phase-change concrete was developed, resulting in good printability and buildability. The compressive and flexural strengths were declined maximally by 44.6% and 37.5%, respectively, with 20 wt% PCM mixed. Re
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Kruger, Jacques, and Jean-Pierré van der Westhuizen. "Investigating the Poisson Ratio of 3D Printed Concrete." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053225.

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Poisson’s ratio, defining the lateral to longitudinal strain of a material under uniaxial load, is an extensively used material property in engineering analysis and design. For conventionally cast concrete, an isotropic static Poisson ratio typically ranges between 0.15 to 0.25. However, no ratio has been established for 3D printed concrete, and is currently widely assumed to be 0.2 and isotropic in computational modelling applications. This layer-wise additive manufacturing technology is notorious for yielding orthotropic mechanical properties due to the presence of weak interlayer regions at
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Wu, Zhengyu, Ali M. Memari, and Jose P. Duarte. "State of the Art Review of Reinforcement Strategies and Technologies for 3D Printing of Concrete." Energies 15, no. 1 (2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010360.

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This state of the art review paper aims to discuss the results of a literature survey on possible ways to reinforce printed concrete based on existing reinforcement strategies. Just as conventional concrete, for 3D printed concrete to be suitable for large-scale construction, reinforcement is needed to increase the tensile capacity of concrete members and reduce temperature and shrinkage cracking. Despite efforts that are currently underway, the development of proper reinforcement suitable for printed concrete is still very active on the research agenda. As an initial step for designing suitab
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Mengistu, Girum Mindaye, and Rita Nemes. "Recycling 3D Printed Concrete Waste for Normal Strength Concrete Production." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031142.

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As the use of 3D-printed concrete becomes more prevalent, the need for effective recycling methods becomes paramount. This study addresses this concern by exploring the repurposing of 3D-printed concrete waste as an aggregate in normal-strength concrete for C30/37 and C40/50 classes, covering both fine and coarse aggregates in its particle size distribution. The extent of recycled aggregate (RA) replacement was determined through sieve analysis. A two-stage investigation assessed the compressive strength performance of the concrete specimens. The initial stage produced reference specimens with
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Jagoda, Jeneé, Brandy Diggs-McGee, Megan Kreiger, and Steven Schuldt. "The Viability and Simplicity of 3D-Printed Construction: A Military Case Study." Infrastructures 5, no. 4 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5040035.

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In November 2019, U.S. Marines, Air Force, and Army Corps of Engineers personnel demonstrated the viability and simplicity of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed construction in a controlled environment at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center—Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in Champaign, Illinois. The tri-service exercise spanned three days and culminated in the construction of three 1 m × 1 m × 1 m (3 ft × 3 ft × 3 ft) concrete dragon’s teeth (square pyramid military fortifications used to defend against tanks and armored vehicles) and several custom-designed objec
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Hematibahar, Mohammad, Nikolai I. Vatin, Taheri Jafari Hamid, and Tesfaldet H. Gebre. "Effect of using 3D-printed shell structure for reinforcement of ultra-high-performance concrete." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 19, no. 5 (2023): 534–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2023-19-5-534-547.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of 3D-printed polymer shell reinforcemen ton ultra-high-performance concrete. The mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance polymer reinforced concrete have been investigated. At first, the 3D-printed shell reinforcements were designed using 3D Max and Rhino 6 software. Then, each was fabricated through the fused deposition modeling method and positioned into the cubic, cylindrical, and prismatic molds. In the next step, the prepared Ultra-High-Performance Concrete mixture was poured into the molds, and the samples were cured for 28 days. Finally
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Zhang, Kejia, and Muhammad Fadhil Wong bin Abdullah. "Enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete sculpture material with wood fibers reinforcement." BioResources 19, no. 4 (2024): 9727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.4.9727-9740.

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This study examined the mechanical characteristics of 3D printed concrete utilized in sculpture materials, with an emphasis on the incorporation of wood fibers. A series of experiments were conducted to probe into the wood fiber-reinforced 3D printed concrete sculpture materials. Through mechanical and microscopic examinations, the role of flexible fibers in enhancing the bearing capacity of concrete 3D printed components was investigated. The results indicated that an optimal amount of wood fiber addition significantly improved the mechanical properties of the concrete sculpture materials. At
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Ji, Guangchao, Tao Ding, Jianzhuang Xiao, Shupeng Du, Jun Li, and Zhenhua Duan. "A 3D Printed Ready-Mixed Concrete Power Distribution Substation: Materials and Construction Technology." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091540.

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Currently, 3D concrete printing technology is not yet able to print ready-mixed concrete with coarse aggregates. Based on an independently developed 3D printing construction equipment system and optimized concrete materials, a 3D concrete printer that can directly print ready-mixed concrete is developed. This paper introduces the whole 3D printing process for one power distribution substation in detail, including the printing equipment, key software, concrete preparation, printing process, and construction inspection. This investigation will provide valuable design and construction experience
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Rehman, Atta Ur, and Jung-Hoon Kim. "3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143800.

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This paper provides a state-of-the-art report on the up-to-date research on the emerging 3D concrete printing technology from the concrete materials perspective. It reviews the recent research focused on understanding and characterizing the rheological necessities of the concrete printing process and discusses how the researchers are tailoring compatible mix proportions for the 3D concrete printing process by using eco-friendly binders, waste aggregates, chemical admixtures, and nano-additives. This paper systematically evaluates anisotropic behavior in the mechanical properties of printed con
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Skibicki, Szymon, Maria Kaszyńska, and Mateusz Techman. "Maturity testing of 3D printing concrete with inert microfiller." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821903008.

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The 3D Printing of cement composites is one of the fastest developing technologies of modern concrete. The 3D printing involves concretes with high amounts of microfillers. The study analyses the influence of curing conditions on the development of strength of concretes applicable in 3D printing. Ten mixes were tested in the study. In the studied cases cement constituted to 50% of the mass, while microfillers such as lime stone powder, kaolin, quartz powder and sand (up to 2 mm) constituted to the rest of the mass. Samples were cured for 7 days in exothermic conditions at 5°C, 20°C, 35°C. Stan
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Chen, Jiakun. "Review of 3D Printed Concrete: Mix Design." Applied and Computational Engineering 127, no. 1 (2025): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.20060.

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3D printing technology has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize concrete construction by offering improved automation, reduced costs, and enhanced environmental benefits. This paper provides an overview of current research on 3D-printed concrete (3DPC), with a focus on mix design and the fresh and hardened performance of 3DPC. The review examines the differences between 3DPC and traditional concrete, highlighting how factors such as mix composition, binder selection, and aggregate types affect the material's flowability, buildability, and mechanical properties. Notable advanceme
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Nodehi, Mehrab, Federico Aguayo, Shahab Edin Nodehi, Aliakbar Gholampour, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, and Osman Gencel. "Durability properties of 3D printed concrete (3DPC)." Automation in Construction 142 (October 2022): 104479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104479.

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Siddika, Ayesha, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Wahid Ferdous, Ashish Kumer Saha, and Rayed Alyousef. "3D-printed concrete: applications, performance, and challenges." Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials 9, no. 3 (2019): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2019.1705199.

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Moelich, Gerrit M., Jacques Kruger, and Riaan Combrinck. "Plastic shrinkage cracking in 3D printed concrete." Composites Part B: Engineering 200 (November 2020): 108313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108313.

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Mesnil, Romain, Pedro Sarkis Rosa, and Léo Demont. "Thickness optimisation in 3D printed concrete structures." Automation in Construction 174 (June 2025): 106076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106076.

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Malan, Jean De’M, Algurnon Steve van Rooyen, and Gideon P. A. G. van Zijl. "Chloride Induced Corrosion and Carbonation in 3D Printed Concrete." Infrastructures 7, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7010001.

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The durability of reinforced concrete structures is dependent on the ability of the concrete cover to combat the ingress of chlorides and carbon dioxide in marine and urban environments. In recent years, interest in additive manufacturing, specifically referring to extrusion based three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP), has been growing in the construction industry. Despite this being a promising technology that can save construction time, costs and resources, certain issues regarding the lack of fusion between subsequent printed layers have been brought to light. Research has shown that t
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Bekaert, Michiel, Kim Van Tittelboom, and Geert De Schutter. "The Effect of Curing Conditions on the Service Life of 3D Printed Concrete Formwork." Materials 16, no. 21 (2023): 6972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16216972.

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Complex concrete elements are typically produced with lost formwork made out of timber or plastic. After usage, these timber or plastic panels are disposed of. This makes complex lost formwork a polluting and high-cost-inducing aspect of concrete construction. A possible solution for this problem could be 3D printing of concrete. This high degree of freedom construction process could easily be used to produce complex formwork. As the formwork stays in place, it has a function during and after the hardening of the inner concrete. Before hardening, the formwork keeps the fresh concrete in place.
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Hanratty, Niall, Mehran Khan, and Ciaran McNally. "The Role of Different Clay Types in Achieving Low-Carbon 3D Printed Concretes." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072194.

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Concrete 3D printing, an innovative construction technology, offers reduced material waste, increased construction speed, and the ability to create complex and customized shapes that are challenging to achieve with traditional methods. This study delves into the unique fresh-state performance required for 3D printing concrete, discussing buildability, extrudability, and shape retention in terms of concrete rheology, which can be modified using admixtures. Currently most 3D printing concretes feature high cement contents, with little use of secondary cementitious materials. This leads to high e
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Ogura, Hiroki, Venkatesh Nerella, and Viktor Mechtcherine. "Developing and Testing of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) in the Context of 3D-Printing." Materials 11, no. 8 (2018): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081375.

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Incorporating reinforcement into the practice of digital concrete construction, often called 3D-concrete-printing, is a prerequisite for wide-ranging, structural applications of this new technology. Strain-Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) offer one possible solution to this challenge. In this work, printable SHCC were developed and tested. The composites could be extruded through a nozzle of a 3D-printer so that continuous filaments could be deposited, one upon the other, to build lab-scaled wall specimens without noticeable deformation of the bottom layers. The specimens extracted fro
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Senthilnathan, Shanmugaraj, and Benny Raphael. "Using Computer Vision for Monitoring the Quality of 3D-Printed Concrete Structures." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315682.

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Concrete 3D printing has the potential to reduce material and process waste in construction. Thus, it contributes to making the construction industry more sustainable through the use of digital-fabrication technologies. While concrete 3D printing is attractive due to its potential to realize complex designs, practical challenges include an increased chance of defects and deformities. Quality assessment of 3D-printed elements is essential for large-scale implementation. Workability of concrete is known to decrease with printing time and it impacts extrudability. It is usually visible in 3D-prin
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Spurina, Ella, Maris Sinka, Krists Ziemelis, Andris Vanags, and Diana Bajare. "The Effects of Air-Entraining Agent on Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Concrete." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 10 (2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6100281.

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Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is becoming more common in the construction industry nowadays; however, the aspect of durability of printed concrete is not well-studied yet. Frost resistance is a very important factor for durability of concrete structures located in northern regions. Since air-entraining agents (AEAs) are widely used in conventional concrete, this paper focuses on exploring the potential of using AEAs in 3D concrete as well—the main objective is to determine how it affects fresh and hardened properties, including frost resistance of 3D concrete. Three different mixe
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Sharma,, Ankit. "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CIVIL 3D PRINTER." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35456.

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The advent of 3D printing technology has revolution- ized the construction industry, offering innovative so- lutions for rapid, cost-effective, and sustainable build- ing practices. This research paper presents a compre- hensive study on the manufacturing and fabrication of a 3D concrete printer tailored for large-scale construc- tion applications. The paper outlines the design princi- ples, mechanical and electrical systems, material con- siderations, and software integration necessary for the development of an efficient and reliable 3D concrete printer. Key components of the printer, includi
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Girskas, Giedrius, and Modestas Kligys. "3D Concrete Printing Review: Equipment, Materials, Mix Design, and Properties." Buildings 15, no. 12 (2025): 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15122049.

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3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology holds significant potential to revolutionise traditional concrete production methods, offering designers and architects greater flexibility in creating intricate and innovative structures. Beyond structural applications, 3D printed concrete products encompass decorative elements, customised design solutions, and even artistic installations. The 3DCP process is highly automated, often integrating building information modelling (BIM) systems, minimising the need for manual labour and generating minimal material waste. 3DCP is regarded as one of the most adv
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