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Journal articles on the topic '3d printer'
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Tsolakis, Ioannis A., William Papaioannou, Erofili Papadopoulou, Maria Dalampira, and Apostolos I. Tsolakis. "Comparison in Terms of Accuracy between DLP and LCD Printing Technology for Dental Model Printing." Dentistry Journal 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10100181.
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Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 3D printer compared to a Direct Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer for dental model printing. Methods: Two different printers in terms of 3D printing technology were used in this study. One was a DLP 3D printer and one an LCD 3D printer. The accuracy of the printers was evaluated in terms of trueness and precision. Ten STL reference files were used for this study. For trueness, each STL file was printed once with each 3D printer. For precision, one randomly chosen STL file was printed 10 times with each 3D printer. Afterward, the models were scanned with a model scanner, and reverse engineering software was used for the STL comparisons. Results: In terms of trueness, the comparison between the LCD 3D printer and DLP 3D printer was statistically significant, with a p-value = 0.004. For precision, the comparison between the LCD 3D printer and the DLP 3D printer was statistically significant, with a p-value = 0.011. Conclusions: The DLP 3D printer is more accurate in terms of dental model printing than the LCD 3D printer. However, both DLP and LCD printers can accurately be used to print dental models for the fabrication of orthodontic appliances.
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Slavcheva, G., I. Akulova, and P. Yurov. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF 3D-BUILD PRINTER COMPETITIVENESS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-8-1-8-18.
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This article proposes a method for assessing the competitiveness of building 3D printers based on a comparison of their technical and technological characteristics and economic parameters. The methodology implements an integrated approach that takes into account a large number of comparison parameters of a different nature based on the use of relative indicators. The calculation takes into account the design characteristics of printers, the characteristics of the manufacturability of the printing process, the characteristics of printed building objects and the economic parameters of printers. So, for low-rise construction, the essential parameters are: printing speed, the ratio of the print area and the overall dimensions of the printer, the ability to work with low-flow mixtures and with various building mixtures without readjustment, reducing the defectiveness of the printed layer and energy consumption. The most competitive is the printer that provides more units of useful effect, determined by a set of technical and technological characteristics, per unit of costs associated with the purchase of a printer, its energy consumption, the laboriousness of maintenance and installation and dismantling at a construction site. As a result of assessing the competitiveness of various types of printers, it was revealed that the leader for low-rise construction is the portal printer BOD2 2-2-2 of the Danish company COBOD BOD2. For printing building products and structures in a production environment, the FIXED robotic arm from the Netherlands has a competitive advantage. CyBe Construction. The considered approach to assessing the competitiveness of building 3D printers is of practical interest to their manufacturers. The new knowledge about the significance of the design solutions of 3D printers, obtained as a result of the implementation of the proposed methodology, creates strategic guidelines for domestic manufacturers.
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Moon, Wonjoon, Seihwan Kim, Bum-Soon Lim, Young-Seok Park, Ryan Jin-Young Kim, and Shin Hye Chung. "Dimensional Accuracy Evaluation of Temporary Dental Restorations with Different 3D Printing Systems." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061487.
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With the advent of 3D printing technologies in dentistry, the optimization of printing conditions has been of great interest, so this study analyzed the accuracy of 3D-printed temporary restorations of different sizes produced by digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD) printers. Temporary restorations of 2-unit, 3-unit, 5-unit, 6-unit, and full-arch cases were designed and printed from a DLP printer using NextDent C&B or an LCD printer using Mazic D Temp (n = 10 each). The restorations were scanned, and each restoration standard tessellation language (STL) file was superimposed on the reference STL file, by the alignment functions, to evaluate the trueness through whole/point deviation. In the whole-deviation analysis, the root-mean-square (RMS) values were significantly higher in the 6-unit and full-arch cases for the DLP printer and in the 5-unit, 6-unit, and full-arch cases for the LCD printer. The significant difference between DLP and LCD printers was found in the 5-unit and full-arch cases, where the DLP printer exhibited lower RMS values. Color mapping demonstrated less shrinkage in the DLP printer. In the point deviation analysis, a significant difference in direction was exhibited in all the restorations from the DLP printer but only in some cases from the LCD printer. Within the limitations of this study, 3D printing was most accurate with less deviation and shrinkage when a DLP printer was used for short-unit restorations.
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Alexander, Edward, and Gordon Hoople. "Anisotropic Behavior of Ultrasonic Waves in 3D Printed Materials." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 16, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.027.
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This study quantifies the anisotropic behavior of ultrasonic wave transmission for materials printed with three different 3D printers. As 3D printed materials become more prevalent in manufactured products, fully characterizing the physical properties of these materials become more important. This paper examines the longitudinal velocity of sound and acoustic impedance in two directions: orthogonal and parallel to the printed layers. Each of the 3D printed materials displayed slightly different transmission results. For PMMA like samples printed on a SLA printer waves travelled more quickly in the orthogonal direction than the parallel direction. For samples printed on an industrial FDM printer using ABS the opposite was true: the parallel direction was faster than the orthogonal. For samples printed on an entry level FDM printer with PLA there was no consistent pattern, instead there was a tight clustering of ultrasonic velocity in the parallel direction but substantial variation in the orthogonal direction. Overall the variation between the orthogonal and parallel directions was found to be less than 2% in all cases. KEYWORDS: 3D Printing; Additive Manufacturing; Ultrasonic Waves; Anisotropic Material Properties; ABS; PLA
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Aroca, Rafael Vidal, Carlos E. H. Ventura, Igor De Mello, and Tatiana F. P. A. T. Pazelli. "Sequential additive manufacturing: automatic manipulation of 3D printed parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2016-0029.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a monitoring system and the usage of a robotic arm to remove finished parts of a three-dimensional (3D) printer build plate, enabling 3D printers to continuously build a sequence of parts. Design/methodology/approach The system relies on a 2-degree of freedom planar manipulator. The moment to remove printed parts from the printer build plate can be determined based on direct communication with the 3D printer control software or using information from a computer vision system that applies background subtraction and Speeded up Robust Features methods. Findings The proposed system automatically detects the end of standard 3D print jobs and controls the robotic arm to remove the part. Research limitations/implications Lighting variation can deteriorate the response of the computer vision system, which can be minimized using a controlled illumination environment. In addition, the printer build plate edges must be free so the parts can slip off the printer build plate when the robot pushes them out. Practical implications The system enables a more practical and automatized usage of 3D printers, reducing the need of human operators. Social implications The proposed system can reduce work hours of laboratory personnel, as there is no need to remove the printed parts manually before another job starts. Originality/value Computer vision system monitors the printing process and the automation system that enables continuous sequential 3D printing of parts. A prototype is described, which can be easily replicated with low cost parts.
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Popovski, Filip, Svetlana Mijakovska, Hristina Dimova Popovska, and Gorica Popovska Nalevska. "Creating 3D Models with 3D Printing Process." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2021.13605.
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This scientific paper will cover the process of creating two 3D objects, accompanied by a brief history of 3D printing technology, designing the model in CAD software, saving in appropriate format supported by the 3D printer, features of technology and the printer, materials from which the object can be made and examples where the products created by the 3D printing process can be applied. The printing of models was made by the studio "Xtrude Design & 3D Print" in Skopje. Two 3D models have been printed. A creative model of intertwined 4 triangles in STL file format has been made, which will be transferred and printed with PLA material. The model with the heart on the stand is printed with popular FDM process also with PLA material which is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Both models are printed on Anet A8 3D printer. Different printing times, layer thicknesses and cost price of producion we have in our research.
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Nurul Amri, Anief Awalia, and Wirawan Sumbodo. "Perancangan 3D Printer Tipe Core XY Berbasis Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Menggunakan Software Autodesk Inventor 2015." Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v3i2.21407.
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The purpose of this research are to determine the mechanical strength of a 3D Printer frame design of type Core XY using Autodesk Inventor 2015 and to assess the build quality of the 3D Printers. This is an R&D research following the Pahl & Beitz’s methods which comprises of the following stages: Task or specifications, planning and clarification, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that the mechanical strength of the 3D printer frame is satisfactory and is proven by the Autodesk Inventor 2015 analysis. The printed workpiece has a tolerance of ± 0,5 mm. It is concluded that the type core XY 3D Printer is ready to use for printing 3-dimensional objects.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kekuatan struktur mekanik dari perancangan desain rangka 3D Printer tipe Core XY menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor 2015 dan mengetahui kualitas produk hasil 3D Printer yang dibuat. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis perancangan dengan metode Pahl & Beitz dengan tahapan penjabaran tugas atau spesifikasi, perancangan konsep, perancangan wujud, dan perancangan secara terperinci. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa kekuatan rangka 3D Printer cukup baik dibuktikan dengan analisis menggunakan software auodesk inventor 2015 dan hasil benda kerja yang diproses menggunakan 3D Printer mempunyai nilai kepresisian dengan toleransi ± 0.5 mm dibuktikan dengan hasil pengukuran benda kerja dengan menggunaakan alat ukur. Jadi disimpulkan bahwa 3D Printer tipe core XY yang dibuat layak digunakan untuk proses pembuatan benda 3 Dimensi
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Ade Chandra Priyatna, I. Putu, I. G. A. P. Raka Agung, and Yoga Divayana. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SISTEM IOT RASPBERRY PI TERHADAP KECEPATAN CETAK DAN TINGKAT PRODUKTIVITAS OPERATOR 3D PRINTER REPRAP." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i02.p15.
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Most of desktop-scale 3D printers are based on the open-source design of the ReplicatingRapid Prototyper (REPRAP) community. One aspect that can be developed in REPRAP 3Dprinters is the addition of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Therefore, a Raspberry Pi-based IoTsystem that can be implemented on a REPRAP 3D printer is developed. The IoT system allowsthe 3D Printer to connect into internet network and has a website-based interface. This study aimsto compare the impact of Raspberry Pi based IoT systems implementation on the 3D printingspeed and to measure productivity level of 3D printer operator. Testing is done by printing fourobjects when the IoT system has not been added to the 3D printer and printing four objects whenthe IoT system has been added to the 3D printer. In testing, the data on the printing time of eachobject is obtained, this data is used to compare the print speed between before and after the 3Dprinter was added to the IoT system. Furthermore from testing, the data of time required byoperators to prepare and monitor the performance of 3D printers is also obtained, this data is usedto compare the productivity levels of 3D printer operators before and after adding the IoT system.Based on the test results, it was found that 3D printers with IoT systems have faster printpreparation times than 3D printers without IoT systems. However, 3D printers with IoT systemshave a longer machine time than 3D printers without IoT systems. The operator productivity levelfor 3D printers with IoT systems is higher than 3D printers without IoT systems.
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McMillan, Alexandra, Armine Kocharyan, Simone E. Dekker, Elias George Kikano, Anisha Garg, Victoria W. Huang, Nicholas Moon, Malcolm Cooke, and Sarah E. Mowry. "Comparison of Materials Used for 3D-Printing Temporal Bone Models to Simulate Surgical Dissection." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 12 (May 4, 2020): 1168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489420918273.
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Objective: To identify 3D-printed temporal bone (TB) models that most accurately recreate cortical mastoidectomy for use as a training tool by comparison of different materials and fabrication methods. Background: There are several different printers and materials available to create 3D-printed TB models for surgical planning and trainee education. Current reports using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic generated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) have validated the capacity for 3D-printed models to serve as accurate surgical simulators. Here, a head-to-head comparison of models produced using different materials and fabrication processes was performed to identify superior models for application in skull base surgical training. Methods: High-resolution CT scans of normal TBs were used to create stereolithography files with image conversion for application in 3D-printing. The 3D-printed models were constructed using five different materials and four printers, including ABS printed on a MakerBot 2x printer, photopolymerizable polymer (Photo) using the Objet 350 Connex3 Printer, polycarbonate (PC) using the FDM-Fortus 400 mc printer, and two types of photocrosslinkable acrylic resin, white and blue (FLW and FLB, respectively), using the Formlabs Form 2 stereolithography printer. Printed TBs were drilled to assess the haptic experience and recreation of TB anatomy with comparison to the current paradigm of ABS. Results: Surgical drilling demonstrated that FLW models created by FDM as well as PC and Photo models generated using photopolymerization more closely recreated cortical mastoidectomy compared to ABS models. ABS generated odor and did not represent the anatomy accurately. Blue resin performed poorly in simulation, likely due to its dark color and translucent appearance. Conclusions: PC, Photo, and FLW models best replicated surgical drilling and anatomy as compared to ABS and FLB models. These prototypes are reliable simulators for surgical training.
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Shemelyunas, S. S., A. V. Drobotov, and D. V. Samoylov. "SERVICE FUNCTIONS AUTOMATION IN FDM 3D PRINTER." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3(250) (March 26, 2021): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-3-250-78-82.
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The article discusses systems for automatic removal and retrieval of printed products, as well as control systems for material supply in FDM 3D printers. The process of the module software for ensuring the functioning of these systems in a software and hardware integrated 3D printer is described. The capabilities of the developed module and the ways of its application in modern additive manufacturing are described.
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Gong, Jin, Mariko Shitara, Ryo Serizawa, Masato Makino, M. Hasnat Kabir, and Hidemitsu Furukawa. "3D Printing of Meso-Decorated Gels and Foods." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1250.
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Two kinds of 3D printers were developed in our group. One is bathtub-type gel printer named SWIM-ER. The other is ink-jet-type food printer named E-CHEF NO.1. Using Meso-Decorated gels and agar, 3D printing of the soft materials was carried out. The valve of blood vessel, which is difficult to build by soft materials, is printed successfully by SWIM-ER. Their dimensions became almost the same as the designed. We also succeeded in printing food by E-CHEF NO.1, while a few bubbles are found in the sample.
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Huynh, Huu Nghi, Tan Huy Le, Nguyen Huu Hoang Tran, and Trong Hieu Bui. "Design and Manufacturing of Feeding System to Improve Accuracy and Surface Roughness of FDM Products." Key Engineering Materials 923 (June 28, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-37w1w2.
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Fused Deposition Modeling, a great potential technology, has been increasingly applied in various industries as rapid prototyping for testing, casting prototyping and final products manufacturing. This widely usage comes with high products accuracy requirements. Currently, industrial 3D printers are very high in price that open-source low cost printers are the most suitable for hobbyist and researchers in the world. Therefore, research to improve product quality for low-cost 3D printers to serve industrial demand is greatly necessary. Realizing that in FDM technology, the feeding method is one of the important issues that determine the accuracy of printed products. The problem to be studied here is to design and manufacture a filament feeding system for a low-cost 3D printer and find out an optimal set of parameters for the fabricated feeder. This paper analyzes the feeding systems for 3D printers that have been used on the market, thereby offering a design and manufacturing feeder for the low-cost 3D printer. Then, experiments with Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament will be taken to check the accuracy of printed products and figure out the optimal set of technological parameters for the 3D printing process. Thereby improving product quality and shortening printing time. Continue to research and perfect the design can help commercialize low-cost 3D printers and stimulate research as well as 3D printing in industries.
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SHATOV, S. V., M. V. SAVYTSKYI, O. I. HOLUBCHENKO, І. М. MATSIUK, and E. М. SHLIAHOV. "RESEARCH OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS FOR 3D-PRINTING OF BUILDING PRODUCTS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.220222.80.836.
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Raising of problem. Innovative technologies in construction include 3D printing of objects for various purposes. At the heart of 3D printing technology is the principle of layer-by-layer creation of a solid model. This technology is based on the use of construction 3D printers, which are divided into printers that print the entire building and printers that create separate structural elements for the installation of objects. By design, 3D printers are of the flight type (mainly in the form of bridge structures) and with cantilever work equipment in the form of manipulators. Innovative technologies in construction include 3D printing of objects for various purposes. At the heart of 3D printing technology is the principle of layer-by-layer creation of a solid model. This technology is based on the use of construction 3D printers, which are divided into printers that print the entire building and printers that create separate structural elements for the installation of objects. By design, 3D printers are of the flight type (mainly in the form of bridge structures) and with cantilever work equipment in the form of manipulators. Bridge-type printers allow you to get better products due to the precise positioning of the working equipment, especially the extruder, which directly feeds the mixture. In the short time of development of 3D printing in construction (15…16 years) created a large number of different 3D printers of the bridge type, but there is no information on their study and comparative analysis of characteristics, which will improve their design to improve the quality of construction. Purpose. Comparative analysis of the characteristics and performance of variant designs of bridge-type 3D printers. The results of the study. Based on the analysis of printer versions, an advanced 3D printer in the form of a bridge structure with an extruder with two outlets was developed. This can significantly increase the productivity of manufacturing products. Conclusion. Different types of construction bridge-type 3D printers are considered, which have shortcomings and require improvement. An advanced 3D printer design has been developed that allows multiple products to be printed simultaneously. The analysis of the indicators of the considered variants of 3D printers showed that the use of an improved printer will reduce 1,9… 2,7 times the cost of manufacturing 1 m3 of products and 1,8… 2,6 times reduce the metal content compared to other printers.
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Andrade, T. F., P. Abreu, M. T. Restivo, M. F. Chouzal, B. F. Santos, and J. Rodrigues. "Enhancing a 3D Printer with Online Access." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 11, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i5.7069.
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<p class="0abstract">This paper looks at different ways of providing a RepRap 3D printer with online access and remote control to be operated from multiple devices including mobile devices. Different technological solutions that can be used with distinct printers are identified and tested. The selected and implemented remote access solution is described and examples of printed parts are presented. Reference is made to MSc theses that have been supported by this lab facility.</p>
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Wahid, Zaliha, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, B. T. Hang Tuah Baharudin, Faizal Mustapha, and Mohd Idris Shah Ismail. "A Study on Properties of Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-31(1)-11.
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In recent years, increasing interest in 3D Printing (3DP) has meant that printer usage is not limited to industrial purposes only, but is also for domestic usage by hobbyists for their individual needs. Polymer-based part production can now even be conducted outside the traditional factory environment. However, low grade printers pose some drawbacks, such as lower heat for material fusion, uncontrolled open ambience and limited nozzle size. These reduce the mechanical and aesthetical qualities as compared to parts fabricated using industrial grade printers. The study aims to perform some quality comparisons between 3D printed polymeric parts fabricated by both industrial and low cost printers, and subsequently to prove the hypothesis that the industrial grade printed part has a more reliable surface quality and mechanical properties. Specimens were fabricated using each printer type (Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) represents the low cost printer and the Multi Jet Printer (MJP) is used for the industrial grade) and later tested for hardness and surface roughness. Comparisons were then made between different fabricating methods and also based on a literature study according to the type of materials. The experiments showed that both the surface roughness and hardness for the plastic parts fabricated by the industrial grade printer were better than those made by the domestic printer, and showed a good agreement with the results in the literature study. Therefore, for highly durable parts, it is suggested that industrial grade printers are used. One point to conclude the study, Rapid Prototyping is possible by any machine, but for Rapid Manufacturing that requires higher durability, it is better to use an industrial grade printer.
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Panage, Prof Rohan M., Prof Kaustubh D. Agashe, Ms Pragati H. Sakore, Mr Atharv S. Kulkarni, and Mr Atharva S. Bele. "Design and Development of Delta 3D Printer." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51674.
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Abstract: The Delta 3D printer project, design and development is focused on creating a 3D printer that can produce high quality prints quickly and accurately. We use a delta printer that uses three vertical arms to move the printhead. The printer is designed to use external components such as motor drivers, display lines and control boards. T he printer's firmware is also optimized for its performance and we use open-source software to interact with the printer. The printer was tested using PLA media and related settings, and the results showed that the printer was able to produce high quality prints with a fast print time. The Delta 3D Printer project was designed and created to further research to improve performance and functionality of 3D printers.
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Ruiz, Carlos, Karteek Kadimisetty, Kun Yin, Michael G. Mauk, Hui Zhao, and Changchun Liu. "Fabrication of Hard–Soft Microfluidic Devices Using Hybrid 3D Printing." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060567.
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Widely accessible, inexpensive, easy-to-use consumer 3D printers, such as desktop stereolithography (SLA) and fused-deposition modeling (FDM) systems are increasingly employed in prototyping and customizing miniaturized fluidic systems for diagnostics and research. However, these 3D printers are generally limited to printing parts made of only one material type, which limits the functionality of the microfluidic devices without additional assembly and bonding steps. Moreover, mating of different materials requires good sealing in such microfluidic devices. Here, we report methods to print hybrid structures comprising a hard, rigid component (clear polymethacrylate polymer) printed by a low-cost SLA printer, and where the first printed part is accurately mated and adhered to a second, soft, flexible component (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer) printed by an FDM printer. The prescribed mounting and alignment of the first-printed SLA-printed hard component, and its pre-treatment and heating during the second FDM step, can produce leak-free bonds at material interfaces. To demonstrate the utility of such hybrid 3D-printing, we prototype and test three components: i) finger-actuated pump, ii) quick-connect fluid coupler, and iii) nucleic acid amplification test device with screw-type twist sealing for sample introduction.
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Dwi Mulyanto, Faris, Yuris Setyoadi, and Rifki Hermana. "The Performance Analysis of The 3D Printer Corexy FDM Type With Area X=200 Y=200 Z=200 mm." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v3i1.2476.
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A 3D printer is the result of the development of automated machining technology, which progresses from the creation of a design to the printing of a product with a complex shape and high precision for optimal printing results. The 3D printer design process begins with the creation of a design to determine the machine's dimensions, followed by the determination of specifications for the required motors, the design of electrical wiring to select the specifications for a controller, and finally, the testing of the tools when 3D printing. The accuracy of 3D corexy printers and 3D Cartesian printers are compared experimentally in this study. The printing process using a 3D printer produced two values that exceeded the tolerance limit, one in each dimension's length and width, according to the results of ten tests. The printing process results in a 3D Printer Cartesian exceeding the tolerance limit by four values: one for the length dimension, two for the width dimension, and one for the height or depth dimension. The 3D Printer Corexy is consequently more precise than the 3D Printer Cartesian because it fails less frequently.
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He, Le, Cai Bin Liu, Hui Dong Lu, and Yuan Peng. "Study and Application on 3D Printing Cloud Service Platform." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.445.
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Development of 3D printing technology rapidly and widely used in machinery manufacturing. 3D printing business is much, but the efficient equipment is deficiency. Methods of 3D models collecting, processing and online displaying were studied. A 3D printing service platform was constructed based on Cloud computing technology. The service program was developed by ASP. The background of the platform was managed by MySQL database. CAD files were displayed on a HTML5 browser by WebGL. A 3D printer owner released the 3D printer information, users searched printers and uploaded models data. The models were manufactured by remote online printers. The platform provides excellent products manufacturing environment for 3D printer owners and users. Products and printers are full information sharing. The economic benefit is rich.
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Shinde, Akshay. "3D Printer." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5130.
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Naftaly, Mira, Gian Savvides, Fawwaz Alshareef, Patrick Flanigan, GianLuc Lui, Marian Florescu, and Ruth Ann Mullen. "Non-Destructive Porosity Measurements of 3D Printed Polymer by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020927.
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The porosity and inhomogeneity of 3D printed polymer samples were examined using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and the effects of 3D printer settings were analysed. A set of PETG samples were 3D printed by systematically varying the printer parameters, including layer thickness, nozzle diameter, filament (line) thickness, extrusion, and printing pattern. Their effective refractive indices and loss coefficients were measured and compared with those of solid PETG. Porosity was calculated from the refractive index. A diffraction feature was observed in the loss spectrum of all 3D printed samples and was used as an indication of inhomogeneity. A “sweet spot” of printer settings was found, where porosity and inhomogeneity were minimised.
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Simons, Anthony, Kossi L. M. Avegnon, and Cyrus Addy. "Design and Development of a Delta 3D Printer Using Salvaged E-Waste Materials." Journal of Engineering 2019 (November 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5175323.
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The next phase of industrialization in the world is the use of 3D printing technology. Various 3D printing technologies are employed all over the world and for different purposes, from 3D printed houses to 3D printed food nutrients. Printer movement is achieved by carriages moving in a clearly defined X, Y, and Z orientation. The 3D printer has a lower work rate; subsequently, many printouts consume a lot of time due to their complexity. This paper elaborates on the design and development of a faster and fixed build platform 3D printer (Delta 3D printer) using locally available materials and e-waste. The Delta 3D printer movement is faster with a stable bed. Printer movement is achieved using three vertical axes placed 120° apart. Accuracy and speed are achieved with the use of NEMA 17 stepper motors to drive the various carriages on the vertical axes. Design calculations show that the least force delivered by the stepper motor is 1.73 N which exceeds 0.8334 N, the weight of the load to be carried. Furthermore, a stepper motor must turn 80 steps (rotational motion) in order to achieve 1 mm advance (linear motion). This ensures a higher printout resolution. In place of traditional linear rails, locally sourced square pipes were adopted coupled with bearings and a 3D printed carriage support, and a relatively cheaper but stable linear rail was developed. The goal of this research was to develop an alternative easy-to-build Delta 3D printer using locally sourced materials. This goal of this research was achieved, and the developed prototype was test-run under load conditions. It is recommended that salvaged e-waste should be properly managed for easy acquisition.
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Trieu, Can Chi, Minh-Thien Nguyen, Thien-Toan Quan Le, Manh-Quyen Dam, Anh-Tu Tran, Tri-Huynh Ngoc Nguyen, and Khanh-Son Nguyen. "Developement of 3D printer for silicate-based materials." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 2, SI2 (July 6, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v2isi2.460.
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3D printer and 3D printing technology are now considered as one of the key factor in the manufacturing industry. In the near future, we could envisage different application of 3D printing method in the sector of materials processing and production. In the sector of civil engineering, they existed somewhere some construction works developed with 3D printing technology. In this study, we aim to manufacture laboratory-scale printers with nozzles and extrusion feeding systems suitable for paste such as the case of clay-based materials of silicate industry. The movement system was encoded and controlled via the motherboard (Mach 3 controller software). Stepper motors and shaft drives were also implemented in the frame element of such printer. The feeding system was designed based on the extrusion method including cylinder and piston element. Based on that, sample size 200x300x300mm was available for operation testing. Concerning the performance of the instrument, we have obtained printed specimens with different geometric shapes with complexity. From the obtained result, we also discussion on the feasibility up scaling the study and developing a 3D printer for silicate based materials.
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Wada, Junichiro, Kanae Wada, Mona Gibreel, Noriyuki Wakabayashi, Tsutomu Iwamoto, Pekka K. Vallittu, and Lippo Lassila. "Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971.
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Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N2) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N2 atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N2 atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness.
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Wada, Junichiro, Kanae Wada, Mona Gibreel, Noriyuki Wakabayashi, Tsutomu Iwamoto, Pekka K. Vallittu, and Lippo Lassila. "Effect of 3D Printer Type and Use of Protection Gas during Post-Curing on Some Physical Properties of Soft Occlusal Splint Material." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214618.
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Despite the fact that three-dimensional (3D) printing is frequently used in the manufacturing of occlusal splints, the effects of the 3D printer type and post-curing methods are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the printer type (digital light processing: DLP; and liquid crystal display: LCD) as well as the post-curing method with two different atmospheric conditions (air and nitrogen gas (N2)) on the mechanical and surface properties of 3D-printed soft-type occlusal splint material. The evaluated properties were flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC%), water sorption, water solubility, and 3D microlayer structure. The printer type significantly affected all the evaluated properties. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness were significantly higher when specimens were printed by a DLP printer, while VHN and DC% were significantly higher, and a smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by an LCD printer. The post-curing at an N2 atmosphere significantly enhanced all of the evaluated properties except water sorption, 3D microlayer structure, and fracture toughness. The current results suggested that the printer type and the post-curing methods would have an impact on the mechanical and surface properties of the evaluated material.
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Barbosa, William S., Felipe C. Gouvea, Renan F. F. Wanderley, and Flavia M. Gonçalves. "Development of an open-source large 3D printer for PLA and ABS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2336, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2336/1/012001.
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Abstract The use of 3D printers in additive manufacturing are very common at the last years. The structure, size, movements and type of materials of the printers changes according the use, topology and form of the object that be printed. Although 3D printers are becoming more widespread in the industry and for residential consumers, the size and density of pieces is still a challenge principally at larger pieces. This paper presents all details and specifications of an open-source large 3D printer that uses PLA or ABS, with the aim to verify the impact of these transformations and uses for engineering and industry in general.
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Whyte, Daniel, Benjamin J. Allardyce, Abbas Z. Kouzani, Xungai Wang, and Rangam Rajkhowa. "Understanding Morphology, Bulk Properties, and Binding of Silk Particles for 3D Printing." Powders 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders1020009.
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Silk fibroin has emerged as a leading biomaterial for biomedical applications. 3D printing has been successfully used for printing with silk fibroin, albeit in the form of a bioink, in direct-write 3D printers. However, in the form of bioinks, stability and mechanical attributes of silk are lost. An innovative alternative to producing 3D printed solid silk constructs is silk milled into powder for printing in a binder jetting printer. In this work, we focus on characteristics of silk powder to determine suitability for use in 3D printing. Two different silk powders are compared with hydroxyapatite powder, a known biomaterial for biomedical constructs. We have investigated powder size and shape by Camsizer X2 and Scanning Electron Microscope and bulk behaviour, dynamic flow behaviour, and shear behaviour by FT4 powder rheometer. Preliminary printing tests were conducted in an in-house custom-built printer designed for silk powder. It was found that silk powder has low flowability and stability. Therefore, to print solely out of silk powder, a 3D printer design will need sophisticated techniques to produce flow to ensure even distribution and consistent thickness of powder layers during the printing process. It was also found that high concentrations of formic acid (>75 to 99 wt.%) can fuse particles and therefore be used as a binder ink for 3D printing. The printer design challenges for silk powder are discussed.
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Kumar Yadav, Pradeep, Kamal Singh, and Jitendra Bhaskar. "Design and Development of Ultra Violet Curing Based 3-D Printer." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 5, no. 3 (July 5, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie202007343.
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UV light technology-based 3D printer is commonly known as Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer. Photopolymers in liquid form is cured under the beam of UV light to form layer by layer 3D model. A beam of light is pointed that cures a limited area and takes a long time to 3D print a part. An effort has been made in this work to design and fabricate a mask and UV light-based 3D printer for printing 3D models from a liquid photopolymer resin. Samples were also printed to evaluate the performance of this printer. Performance tests were very positive to make this model a commercial machine for printing models for medical applications.
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Calderon, Ariel, James Griffin, and Juan Cristóbal Zagal. "BeamMaker: an open hardware high-resolution digital fabricator for the masses." Rapid Prototyping Journal 20, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2013-0006.
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Purpose – The democratization of invention is a long lasting desire for the advancement of society. Having access to education and the means of production appears as the major factors for the implementation of this goal. 3D printing is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to bring digital manufacturing to everyone. However, the rise of personal fabrication requires an increase in printing quality, a reduction on machine cost and an increase in knowledge shared by the open hardware community. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a new Open Hardware printer project to address these points. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have designed and constructed a low-cost photopolymer-based 3D printer called BeamMaker. The printer is connected to a host computer and a digital-light-processing projector. This work details the design process and how improvements were implemented to reach good printing quality. The authors provide public access to the instructions, software, source code, parts list, user manual and STL and CAD files. Findings – The BeamMaker printer can build objects with a high surface quality that is comparable to the quality obtained by industrial photopolymer-based 3D printers. When testing the ability to print a sample cylinder, the printer shows higher accuracy when compared to other personal 3D printers. These findings are encouraging considering the low cost of the system. Research limitations/implications – The printing failure rate of the system has not been measured to date. The system requires some improvements to produce large objects. Practical implications – The printer cost is just USD380. This is five to eight times less expensive than popular personal 3D printers available today. The cost is 30 times less expensive than a personal photopolymer 3D printer produced by a main commercial company and yet producing results of similar quality. The authors expect good avenues for collaboration from the open-source community to continue improving these systems. Social implications – The high cost of current personal 3D printers prevents users from developing countries from entering into the open hardware trend. A dramatic reduction in printer cost such as that explored in this work might contribute to the real democratization of personal fabrication. Originality/value – The authors report on the status of three other photopolymer-based personal 3D printer projects. To the best of the authors' knowledge, BeamMaker is the first fully open hardware 3D printer project which uses this technology.
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Saorin, Jose Luis, Manuel Drago Diaz-Alemán, Jorge De la Torre-Cantero, Cecile Meier, and Ithaisa Pérez Conesa. "Design and Validation of an Open Source 3D Printer Based on Digital Ultraviolet Light Processing (DLP), for the Improvement of Traditional Artistic Casting Techniques for Microsculptures." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073197.
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The adoption of open-source digital manufacturing technologies in small art workshops may improve their competitiveness. Pieces modeled by computer and made with FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printers that use PLA (polylactic acid) can be implemented in the procedures of artistic casting. However, models printed by PLA are limited to approximate minimum sizes of 3 cm, and the optimal layer height resolution is 0.1 mm. These sizes and resolutions are not suitable for creating microsculptures used, in many cases, in jewelry. An alternative to solve this limitation, is to use a DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) 3D printer. However, due to its high cost, it is a technology that is difficult to introduce in small artistic foundries. This work detailed the design and validation of a DLP (Digital Light Processing) 3D printer, using backlit LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens with ultraviolet light. Its development is totally “open source” and is proposed as a kit made up of electronic components, based on Arduino and easy to access mechanical components in the market. Most parts can be manufactured in low cost FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printers. The result is an affordable, high resolution (0.021 mm), and open-design printer that can be implemented in artistic contexts.
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Suzuki, Miho, Asahi Yonezawa, Kohei Takeda, and Akira Yamada. "Evaluation of the Deterioration of the Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Structures Fabricated by a Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printer." Inventions 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010021.
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A fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer is a simple device capable of manufacturing three-dimensional structures in a series of easy steps. Commercial-level FFF 3D printers have spread rapidly in many fields in recent years. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer used as a typical printing medium for FFF 3D printers. The FFF printer constructs an object with melted polymer extruded from a tiny scanning nozzle. The mechanical properties of FFF 3D structures printed with different scan patterns can therefore vary in accordance with the directions from which forces act upon them. The nozzle scan pattern also influences the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the structures in accordance with the degradation caused by the hydrolysis of PLA. In this study we conducted tensile tests to evaluate the strength characteristics of 3D printed test pieces formed from PLA using four different scan patterns: parallel, vertical, parallel-and-vertical, and cross-hatched at opposing diagonal angles to the tensile direction. We also formed test pieces by an injection molding method using the same material, for further comparison. We evaluated the deterioration of the test pieces after immersing them in saline for certain periods. After the test pieces formed by different nozzle scan patterns were immersed, they exhibited differences in the rates by which their maximum tensile stresses deteriorated and their masses increased through water uptake. The influences of the scan patterns could be classified into two types: the unidirectional scan pattern influence and bidirectional scan pattern influence. The data obtained in this research will be applied to structural design when the FFF 3D printer is employed for the fabrication of structures with PLA filament.
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Abdillah, Hamid, and Ulikaryani Ulikaryani. "Aplikasi 3D Printer Fused Deposite Material (FDM) pada Pembuatan Pola Cor." SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.13.2.110-115.
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Metal Casting Industry has a classic problem in handling the production process and quality assurance. This research aims to provide solutions to solve the problems of the metal casting industry by introducing and applying 3D printers with a fused deposit material system. this technology is used to streamline the production process of cast patterns. The process of making a casting pattern usually takes 70% of the total production time of a cast product. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of making cast patterns with a 3D printer with a fused deposit material system. The research methods carried out are (1) create of 3D CAD cast patterns, (2) conversion to STL format, (3) 3D printer setup, (4) printing process, (5) analysis, (6) conclusions. The results obtained are a 3D printer with a fused deposit material system that can be used to make cast patterns. From the analysis of the accuracy of the cast pattern with the 3D printer has a difference in size ranging from 0.2 mm. As for the analysis of the quality of the geometry, the results of the cast pattern of the 3D printer with the fused deposit material system have a good shape but lack results on the surface. Thus a 3D printer with a fused deposit material system is suitable for making cast patterns because it has a consistent tendency and ease in making cast patterns. This opens up opportunities for continued development of 3D printers in the metal casting industry sector.
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Cahyati, Sally, and Dhifan Putra Mulianto. "Redesain Meja Cetakan Mesin 3D Printer Berbasis Fused Deposition Modelling." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2019.v12.i02.p09.
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Mesin 3D printer adalah mesin pembuat suatu model 3D. Metode mesin 3D printer yang digunakan pada Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Trisakti adalah metode FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling). Diketahui adanya ketidak stabilan pada meja cetakan mesin 3D printer pada saat proses produksi dilakukan. Ketidak stabilan meja cetakan mesin 3D printer, menyebabkan tidak maksimalnya produk yang dihasilkan. Terdapat perbedaan antara hasil produk dengan bentuk produk yang telah di desain sebelumnya. Setelah diteliti lebih lanjut, ketidak rataan pada meja disebabkan pada pengaturan meja cetakan yang kurang sesuai. Hasil dari redesain dapat menstabilkan meja cetakan dan memudahkan untuk melakukan kalibrasi dan pengaturan pada meja cetakan mesin 3D printer. Hal ini terbukti ketelitian dimensi produk hasil cetakan yang meningkat dari penyimpangan terbesar 0,037 mm menjadi 0,069 mm, yang diukur dengan proyektor profil yang mempunyai kecermatan 1 mikrometer.
3D Printer Machine is a 3D shaped model making machine. The method of 3D printer machine used by the faculty OF Industrial Technology of Trisakti University is FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) method. There is known unevenness on the build plate of 3D printer machines during the production process. The unevenness that appears on the objects makes the build plate used by the 3D printer engine unstable. This causes the product to be produced not maximal. There is a difference in shape between product results and previous product design. After further investigation, the unevenness of the table was caused by the improper arrangement of the printed table. The results of the redesign will stabilize the print table and make it easier to calibrate and adjust the print table of the 3D printer machine. This proven that precision of product dimension increase from 0,037 mm deviation to 0,004 mm, its measured with a profile projector has 1 micrometer resolution.
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Melenka, Garrett W., Jonathon S. Schofield, Michael R. Dawson, and Jason P. Carey. "Evaluation of dimensional accuracy and material properties of the MakerBot 3D desktop printer." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2013-0093.
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Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the material properties and dimensional accuracy of a MakerBot Replicator 2 desktop 3D printer. Design/methodology/approach – A design of experiments (DOE) test protocol was applied to determine the effect of the following variables on the material properties of 3D printed part: layer height, per cent infill and print orientation using a MakerBot Replicator 2 printer. Classical laminate plate theory was used to compare results from the DOE experiments with theoretically predicted elastic moduli for the tensile samples. Dimensional accuracy of test samples was also investigated. Findings – DOE results suggest that per cent infill has a significant effect on the longitudinal elastic modulus and ultimate strength of the test specimens, whereas print orientation and layer thickness fail to achieve significance. Dimensional analysis of test specimens shows that the test specimen varied significantly (p < 0.05) from the nominal print dimensions. Practical implications – Although desktop 3D printers are an attractive manufacturing option to quickly produce functional components, this study suggests that users must be aware of this manufacturing process’ inherent limitations, especially for components requiring high geometric tolerance or specific material properties. Therefore, higher quality 3D printers and more detailed investigation into the MakerBot MakerWare printing settings are recommended if consistent material properties or geometries are required. Originality/value – Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly expanding manufacturing method. Initially, 3D printing was used for prototyping, but now this method is being used to create functional final products. In recent years, desktop 3D printers have become commercially available to academics and hobbyists as a means of rapid component manufacturing. Although these desktop printers are able to facilitate reduced manufacturing times, material costs and labor costs, relatively little literature exists to quantify the physical properties of the printed material as well as the dimensional consistency of the printing processes.
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Kubiak, Ireneusz, Artur Przybysz, and Andrzej Stańczak. "Usefulness of Acoustic Sounds from 3D Printers in an Eavesdropping Process and Reconstruction of Printed Shapes." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020297.
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Information protection is an essential safety issue in many human activity fields. The development of computerisation (informatisation) brings new challenges in the area of non-invasive information processing in information technology (IT) systems. The known fact is that VGA, DVI/HDMI interfaces, for example, or formatter systems of laser printers that process video signals are sources of effective disclosing electromagnetic emission. Emission safety of the more and more common three-dimensional (3D) printers is less known. The selected 3D printer with the ME3DP (Material Extrusion 3D Printing) technology was tested to analyse the existing risk. Simple objects were printed during its operation to identify the stepping motor operation that are emission sources in the secondary channels. The analysis carried out focused on finding the correlation between the registered emissions and the printer head (printhead) movements when printing an object. It was shown that the analysis of the registered sensitive signal runtimes and their spectrograms allows us to recreate the printed object shape. The studies focused on measuring the acoustic signals that came from the stepping motors. The analysis of the possibilities of identifying the shapes of printed objects was based on the visual method. The article presents the study results and their analyses.
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Nishikawa, Hikaru, Yoshitaka Morimoto, and Akio Hayashi. "Development of Path Generation Method for Five-Axis 3D Printer." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 3 (May 5, 2019): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0361.
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3D printers that use the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method are generally based on a three-linear-axis mechanism. However, because the posture of the workpiece is limited, the shape of the model that can be generated by this type of 3D printer is restricted. The 3D printer makes 3D models by stacking up materials on a plane. Because of this principle, a base to support the laminated material is necessary, and it is impossible to develop a model shape with an overhang without support parts. Although the problem is solved by making a foundation using a support material, it takes time to shape and remove the material. Therefore, this conventional method is time consuming. The purpose of this research is to laminate and make shapes that are difficult to laminate with a three-axis 3D printer without using support material. Therefore, a new five-axis 3D printer was developed with the FDM method, and its control program was designed. In addition, hardware consisting of the mechanical structure and the servo control system was developed, and the laminating path, which can exert the effect of the five-axis mechanism, was calculated. The posture of the workpiece can be controlled by mounting the B-axis, which tilts the lamination table, and the C-axis, which rotates the lamination table added on the three-axis configuration 3D printer. Furthermore, a five-axis synchronization control program was developed to control the motion of the five-axis synchronous motion. Furthermore, to correct the nozzle position due to the posture change of the workpiece, a mathematical model of shape creation theory was applied to derive the offset command value. As a result of the laminating experiments of the overhang shape model, the five-axis mechanism and laminating path were sufficiently effective, and the five-axis synchronous control of the 3D printer demonstrated the creation of the overhang shape. However, in experiments using a conventional three-axis mechanism 3D printer with the same lamination path, resins did not adhere and dripped, making shaping impossible. Because of these results, the machining time of the five-axis controlled 3D printers was shorter than that of conventional three-axis-controlled 3D printers. Here, the basic configurations and control system are reported.
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Hsieh, Cheng Tiao. "Investigation of Delta Robot 3D Printer for a Good Quality of Printing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.164.
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Within this couple of years, a group of skilled people called “Maker” are interested in building everything by themselves. They attempt to develop a small manufacturing environment where allows people to execute a low cost fabrication task. In order to achieve this goal, they utilized flexible and smart manufacturing machines like 3D printers, laser cutter and small CNC. Especially 3D printer, its excellent performances had grasped many government administrators’ attention and developing 3D printing industry has become an important policy of many countries. Some of 3D printing patents have been expired within recent years. This event makes opens sources of 3D printers grow very fast. The Kossel Mini, Rostock and Prusa i3 are the typical examples. All of development kits of the above printers can be freely obtained from the Internet. This event makes a low cost fabrication become possible. However, the quality of their printed parts is dependent on a series of calibrations. The calibrations include defining the dimensions of hard frame of the printer, configuring firmware and setting building parameters of software. In order to let users to go through entire calibrating process, this paper proposed a standard procedure to calibrate Kossel Mini as well as make it print a good quality part.
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Chen, Jifei, Qiansun Zhao, Guifeng Wu, Xiaotian Su, Wengang Chen, and Guanben Du. "Design and Analysis of a 5-Degree of Freedom (DOF) Hybrid Three-Nozzle 3D Printer for Wood Fiber Gel Material." Coatings 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081061.
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Wood is an organic renewable natural resource. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in wood are used in tissue engineering, biomedicine and other fields because of their good properties. This paper reported that the possibility of wood fiber gel material molding and the preparing of gel material were researched based on the wood fiber gel material as a 3D printing material. A five-degree of freedom hybrid three nozzle 3D printer was designed. The structural analysis, static analysis, modal analysis and transient dynamic analysis of 3D printers were researched, and the theoretical basis of the 3D printer was confirmed as correct and structurally sound. The results showed that the 5-DOF hybrid 3-nozzle 3D printer achieved the 3D printing of wood fiber gel material and that the printer is capable of multi-material printing and multi-degree-of-freedom printing.
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Kawagishi, Kyosuke, Shoma Umetani, Ken Tanaka, Eiji Ametani, Yoshitaka Morimoto, and Keigo Takasugi. "Development of Four-Axis 3D Printer with Fused Deposition Modeling Technology." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0278.
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A new four-axis 3D printer using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) technology has been developed. The hardware components, consisting of a mechanical structure and servo-control system, and an original computer-aided machining (CAM) system were developed. Three-dimensional printers, particularly those using FDM technology, have gained popularity even in hobby use for the easy modeling of special and original parts. Three-axis control systems using stepping motors or servomotors are generally used for the development of conventional 3D printers. The nozzle portion is therefore constrained in one direction. This leads to limitations in modeling 3D shapes. Adding degrees of freedom is necessary to create more complex features. We designed a new 3D printer with multi-axis control to address this problem. Our final goal is the development of a five-axis 3D printer. We started with a four-Axis 3D printer as a first step. The number of lamination directions is increased from three to four. As conventional CAM systems cannot be used to program the desired lamination for a four-axis 3D printer, a new CAM system using the Kodatuno kernel was developed. The system can determine the nozzle orientation based on the machine tool formulation. This paper reports the developmental background and an overview of the developed machine tool as well as its characteristics, its evaluation results, and our future plans.
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Jaksa, Laszlo, Dieter Pahr, Gernot Kronreif, and Andrea Lorenz. "Calibration Dependencies and Accuracy Assessment of a Silicone Rubber 3D Printer." Inventions 7, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020035.
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Silicone rubbers are relatively new in additive manufacturing, with only a few commercial printing services and reports on custom-built printers available. Publications and standards on calibration and accuracy assessment are especially lacking. In this study, the printhead calibration process of a custom-built silicone printer is explained, and a set of test objects is proposed and evaluated. The printer in use is based on an open-source filament printer, capable of multi-material printing with silicone rubbers and thermoplastic polymers. Three different high-viscosity single-component liquid silicone rubbers and one polylactic acid thermoplastic filament were used as printing materials. First, the calibration process of the silicone printhead was conducted, and the dependency of the dosing accuracy on silicone viscosity, nozzle diameter and extrusion speed was evaluated. Second, various test specimens were proposed and printed to characterize the accuracy and geometric limitations of this printer. These test parts contained features such as thin walls, slender towers, small holes and slots, unsupported overhangs and bridges. It was concluded that silicone viscosity strongly affects geometric inaccuracies. Design recommendations were deducted from the results, advising for wall thicknesses above 1 mm, slenderness ratios below 2, bridging lengths below 2 mm and unsupported overhang angles below 30°.
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Castellví, A., L. Poudelet, A. Tejo, L. Calvo, R. Uceda, P. Lustig, J. Minguella, et al. "The commissioning of a hybrid multi-material 3D printer." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1193, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1193/1/012044.
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Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) has rapidly become an important technology in both research and industry. This development has allowed the evolution of 3D printers which are able to print complex geometries at low costs and faster than traditional methods. Despite this, most of these printers are either only for using one material or one technology. This limits a lot its use in different sectors such as aeronautics, automotive or health, because multi-material prototypes are needed. For example, surgeons need surgical planning prototypes for preoperative planning. These 3D printed prototypes have mainly been manufactured using just one technology. As a result, the prototypes have some main limitations: (1) do not actually mimic the anatomical structures of the human body, (2) high costs specially for Material Jetting and Powder Bed Fusion AM technologies. Therefore, the aim of present manuscript is the design, development, and commissioning of a hybrid multi-material 3D printer.
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Ameeduzzafar, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Md Rizwanullah, Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari, Mohd Amir, Muhammad Masood Ahmed, and Mohammad Fazil. "3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 42 (March 20, 2019): 5009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190116104620.
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Background: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology for fabrication of personalized medicine. As of late, FDA affirmed 3D printed tranquilize item in August 2015, which is characteristic of another section of Pharmaceutical assembling. 3DP incorporates a wide range of assembling procedures, which are altogether founded on computer-aided design (CAD), and controlled deposition of materials (layer-by-layer) to make freestyle geometries. Conventionally, many pharmaceutical processes like compressed tablet have been used from many years for the development of tablet with established regulatory pathways. But this simple process is outdated in terms of process competence and manufacturing flexibility (design space). 3DP is a new technology for the creation of plan, proving to be superior for complex products, customized items and items made on-request. It creates new opportunities for improving efficacy, safety, and convenience of medicines. Method: There are many of the 3D printing technology used for the development of personalized medicine on demand for better treatment like 3D powder direct printing technology, fused-filament 3D printing, 3D extrusion printer, piezoelectric inkjet printer, fused deposition 3D printing, 3D printer, ink-jet printer, micro-drop inkjet 3DP, thermal inkjet printer, multi-nozzle 3D printer, stereolithographic 3D printer. Result: This review highlights features how item and process comprehension can encourage the improvement of a control technique for various 3D printing strategies. Conclusion: It is concluded that the 3D printing technology is a novel potential for manufacturing of personalized dose medicines, due to better patient compliance which can be prepared when needed.
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Takemasa, Makoto. "Food 3D printer." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 66, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.66.186.
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Liu, Dongting, Zhonghua Sun, Thanapong Chaichana, Werner Ducke, and Zhanming Fan. "Patient-Specific 3D Printed Models of Renal Tumours Using Home-Made 3D Printer in Comparison with Commercial 3D Printer." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2018.2294.
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Scutaru, Bogdan, Georgiana Vetrice, Ivan Knežević, Viorel Drăgoi, and Marian Stamate. "Technological restrictions at 3D printing with Zortrax M200 3D printer." Tehnika 74, no. 2 (2019): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1902181s.
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Fournet, Alexandre, Jean Bassanino, Mathieu Manassero, Anne-Sophie Bedu, Dimitri Leperlier, and Jean-François Boursier. "Reproducibility, Accuracy and Effect of Autoclave Sterilization on a Thermoplastic Three-Dimensional Model Printed by a Desktop Fused Deposition Modelling Three-Dimensional Printer." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 06 (October 9, 2018): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668113.
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Objectives The main purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) bone model printed on a desktop 3D-printer based on fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology with polylactic acid (PLA) and the effect of autoclave sterilization on the printed models. Methods Computed tomographic images of the tibia were obtained from 10 feline cadavers, used to create a bone surface-rendering file and sent to the 3D printing software. Right and left tibias were each printed five times with the FDM desktop 3D printer using PLA plastic material. Plastic models and cadaveric bones were measured with a profile projector device at six predetermined landmarks. Plastic bones were then sterilized using an autoclave before being re-measured applying the same method. Analyses of printed model size reliability were conducted using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Results The ICC always showed an almost perfect agreement when comparing 3D-printed models issued from the same cadaveric bone. The ICC showed moderate agreement for one measurement and strong/perfect agreement for others when comparing a cadaveric bone with the corresponding 3D model. Concerning the comparison of the same 3D-printed model, before and after sterilization, ICC showed either strong or perfect agreement. Clinical Significance Rapid-prototyping with our FDM desktop 3D-printer using PLA was an accurate, a reproducible and a sterilization-compliant way to obtain 3D plastic models.
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GOMEZ ALONSO, JOSE LUIS, ALEXANDRA ALLUE SALVADOR, ISABEL DE MARCO RODRIGUEZ, JONE RETOLAZA GAVIÑA, and GORKA DIEZ BARCENILLA. "INFLUENCE OF SLICER SOFTWARE USED WITH 3D PRINTING FILAMENT EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY ON PROPERTIES OF PRINTED PARTS WITH SHORT FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE." DYNA 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10285.
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3D printing with filament extrusion technology is a process in which the thermoplastic molten material is sequentially accumulated layer by layer on a construction platform. 3D printers use a slicer software that converts 3D digital models into printing instructions. The software calculates the trajectory of the extruder within the printer, from three-dimensional mesh-based models. The input of the lamination software is a “.stl” file and the output is a “.gcode” file. For each layer, the lamination program generates the path that the printer extruder will travel, this could determine if a part is correctly made or not. The objective of this study has been to analyze, with a view to industry implementation of the 3D printing, if the slicer software used in the extrusion 3D printing of short glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic, influences the final results that are obtained in the printed parts. It has been worked with four 3D printing slicer software, and it has been analyzed if there are significantly differences in mechanical and dimensional properties in the printed parts. For which, in the printing tests, always the same filament printer, printing material, part design, ".stl" file, and values for the percentage and type of filling, height layer and skin thickness have been used. The additive material used was a 2.85 mm diameter filament of 30% short glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6. It has been concluded that the slicer software, considering the evaluated ones, influences the results of the percentage of deformation at maximum tension, of the printed parts. The influence on the values of the resistance and the tensile modulus is not significant. Keywords: Filament fused fabrication (FFF), fused deposition modeling (FDM), short fibre composites, slicer software, printing parameters, tensile strength.
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Kochetkov, Andrew V., T. N. Ivanova, Ludmila V. Seliverstova, and Oleg V. Zakharov. "Kinematic Error Modeling of Delta 3D Printer." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.77.
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The development of additive manufacturing requires the improvement of 3D printers to increase accuracy and productivity. Delta kinematics 3D printers have advantages over traditional sequential kinematics 3D printers. The main advantage is the high travel speed due to the parallel movement of the platform from three pairs of arms. Another advantage is the relatively low cost due to the small number of structural components. However, delta 3D printers have received limited use. The main reason is the low positioning accuracy of the end effector. Errors in the manufacture and assembly of components of a parallel drive mechanism add up geometrically and cause an error in the position of the end effector. These formulas can be applied to a 3D printer as well. However, well-known studies consider deterministic models. Therefore, the analysis is performed for limiting size errors. The purpose of this article is to simulate the effect of statistical errors in displacements and arm lengths on the positioning errors of a platform with the end effector. The article effectively complements the field of error analysis research and provides theoretical advice on error compensation for delta 3D printer.
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Sugino, Tomohiro, Ryohei Tanaka, Jun Kawai, Yusuke Takenami, and Jun-ichiro Kadono. "3D-printed compact XRF spectrometer." International Journal of PIXE 27, no. 03n04 (January 2017): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500080.
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In order to address the applicability of 3D printers to assembling a spectrometer, we made a compact energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer with the use of a 3D printer and applied it to the measurements of trace elements in multicomponent alloys. The spectrometer was made of polycarbonate. The X-ray path was in the air, and the distance between equipment was designed so as to obtain enough input count rate even though a low-power X-ray source was employed. As an X-ray source and a detector, we used a low-power X-ray tube (4 watts) and a silicon drift detector. Although the effect of scattered X-rays from resin materials on measured spectra should be taken into account, the 3D-printed spectrometer was comparable with the conventional spectrometer in terms of the qualitative analysis. By using the simple 3D-printed spectrometer, trace elements included in stainless steels and an Ni-based alloy could be detected. 3D printers should therefore provide a simple and quick way of making an improvement on analytical instruments combined with the conventional way.
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Zhang, Shaohui, Kun He, Diego Cabrera, Chuan Li, Yun Bai, and Jianyu Long. "Transmission Condition Monitoring of 3D Printers Based on the Echo State Network." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153058.
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Three-dimensional printing quality is critically affected by the transmission condition of 3D printers. A low-cost technique based on the echo state network (ESN) is proposed for transmission condition monitoring of 3D printers. A low-cost attitude sensor installed on a 3D printer was first employed to collect transmission condition monitoring data. To solve the high-dimensional problem of attitude data, feature extraction approaches were subsequently performed. Based on the extracted features, the ESN was finally employed to monitor transmission faults of the 3D printer. Experimental results showed that the fault recognition accuracy of the 3D printer was obtained at 97.17% using the proposed approach. In addition, support vector machine (SVM), locality preserving projection support vector machine (LPPSVM), and principal component analysis support vector machine (PCASVM) were also used for comparison. The contrast results showed that the recognition accuracies of our method were higher and more stable than that of SVM, LPPSVM, and PCASVM when collecting raw data via the low-cost attitude sensor.