Dissertations / Theses on the topic '3D PTV'
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Putze, Torsten. "Geometrische und stochastische Modelle zur Optimierung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Strömungsmessverfahrens 3D-PTV." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1231402875520-12137.
Full text3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D PTV) is an image based method for flow field determination. It is based on seeding a flow with tracer particles and recording the flow with a multi camera system. The results are 3D trajectories of a large number of particles for a statistical analysis of the flow. The thesis shows different novel models to increase the spectrum of applications and to optimize efficiency of 3D PTV. Central aspects are the use of the mirror system to generate a virtual multi camera system, the modelling of complex interfaces of multimedia photogrammetry, a probability based tracking method and a novel method for tomographic reconstruction of volume raster data. The improved models are tested in three real testing facilities and with synthetic data. Using a beam splitter in front of the camera lens and deflecting mirrors arranged in the optical path, a four headed virtual camera system can be generated. This method is characterised by its economic efficiency and by the fact that a synchronisation is not necessary. These facts are important especially when using high speed cameras. When observing phenomena in water, there will be refraction at the different interfaces. This has to be taken into account and modelled for each application. Approaches which use correction terms are not suitable to handle complex optical interfaces. The developed approach is based on a multiple refraction ray tracing with known interface parameters and camera orientations. Mostly the multi image matching of particles is performed using epipolar geometry. Caused by the not stable camera orientation or a very high particle density this geometric properties are not sufficient to solve the ambiguities. Using further geometrical radiometrical and physical properties of particles, the determination of the 3D trajectories can be performed. After the analysis of different properties those of them are chosen which are suitable for spatio-temporal matching. 3D PTV bases on the discretisation of particle images in image space and the following object coordinate determination. A raster based approach is the tomographic reconstruction of the volume. Here the light intensity distribution in the volume will be reconstructed. Afterwards the flow information is determined from the differences in successive 3D images. Using tomographic reconstruction techniques a higher particle density can be analysed. The developed approach bases on a slice by slice rectification of the camera images and on a following assembly of the volume. The developed models and approaches are tested at different testing facilities. These differ in size (0.5 dm³ – 20 dm³ – 130 m³) and flow velocities (0.3 m/s – 7 m/s – 0.5 m/s)
Putze, Torsten. "Geometrische und stochastische Modelle zur Optimierung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Strömungsmessverfahrens 3D-PTV." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23711.
Full text3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D PTV) is an image based method for flow field determination. It is based on seeding a flow with tracer particles and recording the flow with a multi camera system. The results are 3D trajectories of a large number of particles for a statistical analysis of the flow. The thesis shows different novel models to increase the spectrum of applications and to optimize efficiency of 3D PTV. Central aspects are the use of the mirror system to generate a virtual multi camera system, the modelling of complex interfaces of multimedia photogrammetry, a probability based tracking method and a novel method for tomographic reconstruction of volume raster data. The improved models are tested in three real testing facilities and with synthetic data. Using a beam splitter in front of the camera lens and deflecting mirrors arranged in the optical path, a four headed virtual camera system can be generated. This method is characterised by its economic efficiency and by the fact that a synchronisation is not necessary. These facts are important especially when using high speed cameras. When observing phenomena in water, there will be refraction at the different interfaces. This has to be taken into account and modelled for each application. Approaches which use correction terms are not suitable to handle complex optical interfaces. The developed approach is based on a multiple refraction ray tracing with known interface parameters and camera orientations. Mostly the multi image matching of particles is performed using epipolar geometry. Caused by the not stable camera orientation or a very high particle density this geometric properties are not sufficient to solve the ambiguities. Using further geometrical radiometrical and physical properties of particles, the determination of the 3D trajectories can be performed. After the analysis of different properties those of them are chosen which are suitable for spatio-temporal matching. 3D PTV bases on the discretisation of particle images in image space and the following object coordinate determination. A raster based approach is the tomographic reconstruction of the volume. Here the light intensity distribution in the volume will be reconstructed. Afterwards the flow information is determined from the differences in successive 3D images. Using tomographic reconstruction techniques a higher particle density can be analysed. The developed approach bases on a slice by slice rectification of the camera images and on a following assembly of the volume. The developed models and approaches are tested at different testing facilities. These differ in size (0.5 dm³ – 20 dm³ – 130 m³) and flow velocities (0.3 m/s – 7 m/s – 0.5 m/s).
Kitzhofer, Jens. "Volumetric measurements of the transitional backward facing step flow." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-79718.
Full textSteele, Edward C. C. "Three-dimensional turbulence characteristics of the bottom boundary layer of the coastal ocean." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3459.
Full textRezig, Sawsen. "Étude et amélioration du suivi tridimensionnel des flux d’air dans une pièce de bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEE002/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we describe an approach for Lagrangian characterizing of airflows using particle tracking velocimetry, a camera system was implemented here and Helium filled bubbles images were acquired in a synchronized way. We developed a new system for particle trajectories calculation based on a multi-scale image processing technique and well-known 3D reconstruction methods. Our system allows tracking particles in 3D space and providing yet a global description of airflows in large-scale environment.The application is supposed to improve the optimization of ventilation in building rooms in order to reduce energy consumption by optimal positioning and shaping of air diffusers. A major constraint here is to preserve human comfort
Carvalho, Victor. "Mise en oeuvre de méthodes optiques de vélocimétries 2D et 3D appliquées à l’étude de l’effet Marangoni autour d’une bulle unique." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2073/document.
Full textThe Marangoni convection is a phenomenon that appears in the presence of a tension surface gradient along an interface between two immiscible fluids. It is possible to observe that appear convection around vapor bubbles in the heat exchangers with the phase change. However, the Marangoni convection has been neglected to other phenomena involved in the heat transfer. In the age of miniaturization, it becomes impossible to overlook this micro convection. The aim of this thesis si to characterize the dynamics of Marangoni convection around a bubble. The first part deals with the 2D results around an air bubble in the presence of a temperature gradient. This case is easier to implement and allows having a better knowledge with the Marangoni convection. The second part focuses on the two-dimensional study of the convection around a vapor bubble The results showed that the phenomenon quickly became three-dimensional. The last section therefore presents a method for measuring optical innovative 3D3C
Ebermann, Marko. "3D-Anmerkungen unter PTC® Creo Parametric 2.0." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-114661.
Full textLee, Wing Kai. "The application of 2D and 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV) for measurement in high speed flows." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343141.
Full textTronchin, Thibaut. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique des mécanismes tourbillonnaires de génération de portance sur une aile en mouvement couplé de battement et tangage." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904118.
Full textDaher, Petra. "Analyse spatio-temporelle des structures à grande échelle dans les écoulements confinés : cas de l'aérodynamique interne dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR100/document.
Full textThe unsteady evolution of three-dimensional large scale flow structures can often lead to a decrease in the performance of energetic systems. This is the case of cycle-to-cycle variations occurring in the internal combustion engine. Despite the substantial advancement made by numerical simulations in fluid mechanics, experimental measurements remain a requirement to validate any numerical model of a physical process. In this thesis, two types of particle image velocimetry (PIV) were applied and adapted to the optical engine test bench of the Coria laboratory in order to study the in-cylinder flow with respect to six operating conditions. First, the Time-Resolved PIV (2D2C) allowed obtaining a temporal tracking of the in-cylinder flow and identifying cyclic variabilities. Then tomographic PIV (3D3C) allowed extending the measured data to the three-dimensional domain. The Tomo-PIV setup consisted of 4 cameras in angular positioning, visualizing a confined environment with restricted optical access and important optical deformations. This required a particular attention regarding the 3D calibration process of camera models. 2D and 3D conditional analyses of the flow were performed using the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) allowing to separate the different scales of flow structures and the Γ criterion allowing the identification of vortices centres
Xu, Qian, and Qian Xu. "Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of the 3D Single-Mode Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623084.
Full textCheminet, Adam. "Development of tomographic PIV for the study of turbulent flows." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX020/document.
Full textThis research dissertation focuses on the developments of tomographic PIV (tomo-PIV) for the measurement of turbulent flows (Elsinga et al. 2006). It is based on the tomographic reconstruction of a volumic intensity distribution of tracer particles from projections recorded on cameras. The corresponding volumic distributions are correlated to obtain 3D displacement fields.The present work surveys the state of advancement of the research conducted on this technique and the main issues it has been confronted with so far. The main research focus was on tomographic reconstruction. Indeed, its main limitation is the appearance of ghost particles, ie reconstruction noise, which occurs when high tracer concentrations are required for high spatial resolution measurements.For a thorough understanding of tomographic noise, we carried out a numerical study of experimental factors impacting the quality of tomographic reconstruction. Geometric considerations quantified the impact of "added particles" lying in the Union volume but not in the Intersection volume, between the camera fields of view and the illumination area. This phenomenon was shown to create ghost particles. The decrease in signal-to-noise ratio in the image was investigated, considering Mie scattering and defocusing effects. Particle image defocusing mainly results in the loss of real particles in reconstruction. Mie scattering’s main impact is also the loss of real particles due to the polydisperse nature of the seeding.This study of imaging conditions for tomo-PIV led us to propose an alternative approach to classical tomographic reconstruction. It seeks to recover nearly single voxel particles rather than blobs of extended size using a particle-based representation of image data. We term this approach Particle Volume Reconstruction (PVR). PVR underlies a more physical, sparse volumic representation of point particles, which lives halfway between infinitely small particles, and voxel blobs commonly used in tomo-PIV. From that representation, it is possible to smooth it to 2 voxel diameter blobs for a 3D-PIV use of PVR incorporated in a SMART algorithm. Numerical simulations showed that PVR-SMART outperforms tomo-SMART (Atkinson et al. 2009) on a variety generating conditions and a variety of metrics on volume reconstruction and displacement estimation, especially in the case of seeding density greater than 0.06 ppp.We introduce a cross-correlation technique for 3D-PIV (FOLKI-3D) as an extension to 3D of the FOLKI-PIV algorithm (Champagnat et al. 2011). The displacement is searched as the minimizer of a sum of squared differences, solved iteratively by using volume deformation. Numerical tests confirmed that spatial frequency response is similar to that of standard iterative deformation algorithms. Numerical simulations of tomographic reconstruction characterized the robustness of the algorithm to specific tomographic noise. FOLKI-3D was found more robust to coherent ghosts than standard deformation algorithms, while gains in accuracy of the high-order deformation scheme were obtained for various signal noises.The application of PVR-SMART on experimental data was performed on a turbulent air jet. Several seeding density conditions were used to compare the performance of tomo-SMART and PVR-SMART on the near field region of the jet. With the given image pre-processing, PVR-SMART was found to yield velocity fields that are about 50 % less noisy than tomo-SMART. The velocity field comparison included velocity field statistical properties, peak-locking study, flow divergence analysis, velocity gradient tensor and coherent structures exploration.Finally, conclusions are drawn from the main results of this dissertation and lead to potential research perspectives of our work with respect to the future of tomographic PIV
Oppermann, Ingo. "3D-Simulation und Planung von Anlagen der Hütten- und Walzwerkstechnik." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900806.
Full textAmavizca, Ruiz Ligia Miriam. "Reconstruction 3D du bassin humain à partir d'images multimodales incomplètes : application à l'assistance de la chirurgie de la prothèse totale de la hanche (PTH)." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0092.
Full textThis thesis is situated within the context of total hip prosthesis replacement (THR) computer-assisted surgery systems. The goal of thiswork is to construct a 3D hip model of the patient from partial data. The standard THR planning process simply relies on X-ray image whereas THR computer-assisted systems use a 3D hip volume reconstructed from medical imagining techniques such as MRI, CT or Scanner. Nevertheless, 3D volumes reconstruction presents somedisadvantages : (i) there is a long waiting time to get the imagining study , (ii) due to their cost, machines are not available in all clinics, (iii) a complete automatic segmentation process for the 3D volume constructions is not jet available and (iv) some patients can not be exposed to some imagining techniques such as MRI, CT or Scannerstudies. Considering these problems, we make two main contributions in this work :-a study of the exploitable characteristics of hip and femur for 3D model reconstruction,-a methodology for 3D hip volume reconstruction using minimally invasive imagining techniques : a single radiographic image (2D data)and a few echographic images (3D data). The proposed method consist of three main stages: (i) data acquisition of the radiographic and echographic images of the patient hip, (ii)inference of the hip atlas of the patient and (iii) 3D hip volume reconstruction by a mesh deformation that adapts to the infered atlas. These stages pose different problems related to the representation of the generic atlas, to the inference process, and tothe radiographic and echographic data processing. To solve this problematic we use Bayesian techniques
Ben, Salah Riadh. "Élaboration d'une méthode tomographique de reconstruction 3D en vélocimétrie par image de particules basée sur les processus ponctuels marqués." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2268/document.
Full textThe research work fulfilled in this thesis fit within the development of optical measurement techniques for fluid mechanics. They are particularly related to 3D particle volume reconstruction in order to infer their movement. This volumetric measurement technic, called Tomo-PIV has appeared on 2006 and has been the subject of several works to enhance the reconstruction, which represents one of the most important steps of this measurement technique. The proposed methods in Literature don't necessarily take into account the particular form of objects to reconstruct and they are not sufficiently robust to deal with noisy images. To deal with these challenges, we propose a tomographic reconstruction method, called (IOD-PVRMPP), and based on marked point processes. Our method allows solving the problem in a parsimonious way. It facilitates the introduction of prior knowledge and solves memory problem, which is inherent to voxel-based approaches. The reconstruction of a 3D particle set is obtained by minimizing an energy function, which defines the marked point process. To this aim, we use a simulated annealing algorithm based on Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method. To speed up the convergence of the simulated annealing, we develop an initialization method, which provides the initial distribution of 3D particles based on the detection of 2D particles located in projection images. Finally, this method is applied to simulated fluid flow or real one produced in an open channel flow behind a turbulent grid. The results and the comparisons of this method with classical ones show the great interest of this parsimonious approach
Morize, Cyprien. "De la turbulence 3D en déclin à la turbulence anisotrope dominée par la rotation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122942.
Full textPaul, Steffen. "Spritzgußsimulation als Kopplungselement von CAD und CAE." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-142037.
Full textVolpe, Raffaele. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique du comportement de véhicules terrestres en présence d'un vent latéral instationnaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907635.
Full textSattari, Amir. "Investigations of Flow Patterns in Ventilated Rooms Using Particle Image Velocimetry : Applications in a Scaled Room with Rapidly Varying Inflow and over a Wall-Mounted Radiator." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-167804.
Full textDet övergripande syftet med den första studien i avhandlingen var att undersöka hypotesen att ett pulserande inflöde till ett ventilerade utrymme har en potential till att förbättra ventilationens kvalitet genom att minska stagnationszoner och därigenom öka omblandningen. För genomförande av studien byggdes en experimentuppställning i form av en tvådimensionell (2D) småskalig modell av ett ventilerat rum. Strömningsmediet i modellen var vatten. Det tvådimensionella hastighetsfältet registrerades över hela modellen med hjälp av Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Vid ett stationärt tillflöde bildas ett stagnationsområde i centrum av rumsmodellen. Vid ett pulserade inflöde genererades sekundära virvlar. Med en egen utvecklad programvara var det möjligt att kvantifiera statistiken hos virvlarna. Det pulserade inflödet gjorde att inom området där det vid stationärt tillflöde fanns en stagnationszon ökade antalet virvlar i alla storlekar och fördelningen av virvlar blev mera homogen än tidigare. Detta kan förväntas ge upphov till förbättrad omblandning. Baserat på en grundläggande experimentell studie utförd i en småskalig tvådimensionell rumsmodell med vatten som strömningsmedium kan vi logiskt dra slutsatsen att ett pulserande tilluftsflöde har en potential att förbättra omblandningen. I en fortsatt studie i avhandlingen visuliserades och mättes hastighetsfältet och därefter beräknades statistiska värden av exempelvis medelhastighet, standardavvikelse och skjuvspänning hos hastighetsfluktuationerna i luftströmmen över en väggmonterad radiator med 2D-PIV-teknik. Bakgrunden till studien är att en bidragande orsak till partikelavsättning på väggytor är turbofores som uppträder vid en turbulent luftström. Studien genomfördes genom uppbyggnad av en fullskalig rumsmodell. Eftersom turbulens spelar en roll vid partikelavsättning genom turbofores är det viktigt att identifiera var det laminära flödet över radiatorn blir turbulent. Resultaten baserat på visualisering och PIV-mätningar indikerade att, för ett rum med denna typ av radiatoruppvärmning, blev flödet över radiatorn turbulent efter en dimensionslös längd lika med 5,0‒6,25 gånger radiatorns tjocklek. Ytors egenskaper är viktiga vid partikelavsättning. Därför har de geometriska egenskaperna hos några olika metoder för ytbehandling undersökts experimentellt med hjälp av en scanner för strukturerat 3D-ljus. Resultaten visar på skillnader i ytråhet hos de olika ytbehandlingsmetoderna. För att undersöka motståndet mot luftströmning längs ytan och den turbulens som genereras av ytorna registrerade vi gränsskiktsflödet över ytorna i en speciell luftströmningsrigg. Detta påvisade att motståndet hos de olika typerna av ytbehandlingsmetoder skilde sig mycket litet åt och därför är troligt vid deras påverkan på depositionshastigheten mycket liten.
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Albagnac, Julie. "Dynamique tridimensionnelle de dipôles tourbillonnaires en eau peu profonde." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9847/1/Albagnac_9847.pdf.
Full textJermann, Cyril. "Eclatement tourbillonnaire dans le sillage turbulent d'un véhicule générique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4340/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the study of the longitudinal vortices developing in the near wake of ground vehicles, with the general purpose of reducing the aerodynamic drag by triggering the vortex breakdown phenomenon. We present a new data acquisition system called A-SPIV, allowing to reconstruct a 3D turbulent time-averaged velocity field from stereo-PIV planes measured by translation of the whole cameras-laser system, with no need to recalibrate. We also propose a method to reconstruct the mean pressure in the bulk from the A-SPIV data and from a dedicated wall static pressure measurement. This new overall experimental protocol is applied to a standard aerodynamic test-case, the 25° Ahmed body, all results being compared and validated at high turbulent Reynolds number against existing data from the literature. A thorough analysis of the longitudinal vortices suggests the occurrence of a spontaneous vortex breakdown in the near-wake, although there exist no stagnation point in the experimental data. Such vortex breakdown is therefore evidenced using two different theoretical criteria considering the phenomenon as the consequence of either a reorganization of the vorticity, or an accumulation of inertial waves propagating along the vortex core. The underlying analyses are carried out in a cylindrical system attached to the vortex axis and predict a single breakdown position, in good agreement with the singular position initially inferred from the A-SPIV data. The thesis ends with a global stability analysis of the turbulent mean flow suggesting a possible connection between the occurrence of vortex breakdown and a global instability of the longitudinal vortex
Che, Daud Zul Hilmi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermique de la batterie lithium-ion pour véhicules électriques et hybrides." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS078/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study are to provide the essential information on the thermal behaviour of the battery cells for automotive purpose especially for EVs and HEVs through experimental work in order to develop an effective 3D electro-thermal model for lithium ion battery cells and pack. The experimental study is focusing on the distribution of temperature at various points of the battery cell surface, impact of different constant discharge rates, and also the importance of cooling system on the battery temperature behaviour. This thesis highlights the battery cell temperature under abuse discharge condition and the impact of stacking the battery cells inside the battery pack. Impact of different temperature and SOC on the battery cell internal resistance and a case study on the battery cell thermal behaviour used in a series HEV to complete driving cycles using different cooling strategies are also studied. Furthermore, the experimental study is extended to the characteristic of the cooling air flow behaviour inside the battery pack, using particulate image velocimetry (PIV) system. The 3D electro-thermal CFD model is implemented in a free, open source CFD software package called OpenFOAM. The target is to have a relatively simple but accurate model with reasonable computation time. This proposed model considers the heat generation from battery current and internal resistance as a function of temperature, heat transfer through conduction, forced convection and radiation
Herry, Benjamin. "Etude aérodynamique d'une double marche descendante 3D appliquée à la sécurisation de l'appontage des hélicoptères sur les frégates." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650410.
Full textPiquer, Estelle. "Convection mixte en fluide binaire avec prise en compte de l'effet Soret." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30123.
Full textKloninger, Paul. "MDO-Simulation eines Rutschreifens auf GFK-Wasserrutschen." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206945.
Full textNazerian, Simon. "Kan strålar av ljus tyda det förflutna? : Användning av Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) för att tyda runinskrifter på Pireus-lejonet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100721.
Full textAguirre-Pablo, Andres A. "Novel and Inexpensive Three-dimensional Velocimetry Techniques for Flows Visualization and Measurements." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/630117.
Full textPutze, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Geometrische und stochastische Modelle zur Optimierung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Strömungsmessverfahrens 3D-PTV / vorgelegt von: Torsten Putze." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992724309/34.
Full textJanke, Thomas. "Hydrodynamical investigations of liquid ventilation by means of advanced optical measurement techniques." 2020. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75406.
Full textTrotz intensiver Forschung in den letzten sechs Jahrzehnten, befindet sich die Flüssigkeitsbeatmung immernoch weit entfernt vom klinischen Alltag. Mit dieser Arbeit soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, um das Wissen um die strömungsmechanischen Effekte während der Flüssigkeitsbeatmung zu vertiefen. Dazu werden verschiedene Modellexperimente durchgeführt, bei welchen moderne laseroptische Strömungsmessmethoden zum Einsatz kommen. Untersucht werden dabei unterschiedlich komplexe Geometrien der leitenden menschlichen Atemwege mit dem Ziel wesentliche Strömungsstrukturen, globale Geschwindigkeitsfelder und wichtige Transportwege des gelösten Sauerstoffs zu identifiziern. Die Geschwindigkeitsmessungen zeigen ein stark durch sekundäre Strömungseffekte dominiertes Geschwindigkeitsfeld, welches wesentlich von der lokalen Geometrie abhängig ist. Durch die qualitative und quantitative Erfassung der gelösten Sauerstoffkonzentrationsfelder können wichtige Transportwege aufgedeckt werden. Diese unterscheiden sich deutlich zwischen inspiratorischer und expiratorischer Strömungsrichtung. Die initialen Konzentrationsfelder stimmen mit den unterliegenden Geschwindigkeitsfeldern überein, unterscheiden sich ab der verzögernden Strömungsphase jedoch. Höhere Volumenströme/Tidalvolumen tragen dabei zu einer gleichmäßigeren Konzentrationsverteilung bei.:List of Figures ....................................................................................... VII List of Tables ........................................................................................XIII Nomenclature ........................................................................................ XV 1 Introduction......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................1 1.2 Research objectives........................................................................... 3 1.3 Outline............................................................................................ 4 2 State of the art .................................................................................... 5 2.1 Liquid Ventilation............................................................................. 5 2.2 In vitro modeling.............................................................................. 8 2.3 Flow measurements ......................................................................... 11 2.4 Gas transport..................................................................................13 3 Flow field measurements ................................................................... 16 3.1 Hydrodynamic Model.......................................................................16 3.1.1 Lung replica ..........................................................................16 3.1.2 Flow parameter .....................................................................18 3.1.3 Limitations ...........................................................................22 3.2 Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) ................................................24 3.2.1 Measurement principle ...........................................................24 3.2.2 Double-frame 2D-PTV ...........................................................25 3.2.3 Time-resolved 3D-PTV ..........................................................28 3.2.4 Phase-locked ensemble PTV ................................................... 31 3.3 Experimental set-up and measurement procedure ...............................33 3.3.1 Lung flow facility...................................................................33 3.3.2 2D-PTV configuration............................................................36 3.3.3 3D-PTV configuration............................................................36 3.4 Results & Discussion........................................................................38 3.4.1 Artificial lung........................................................................38 3.4.2 Realistic lung ........................................................................52 3.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................59 4 Oxygen transport ...............................................................................61 4.1 Hydrodynamic Model....................................................................... 61 4.1.1 Lung replica .......................................................................... 61 4.1.2 Flow parameter .....................................................................62 4.1.3 Limitations ...........................................................................65 4.2 Oxygen Sensitive Dye ......................................................................66 4.3 Experimental set-up......................................................................... 71 4.4 Results & Discussion........................................................................75 4.4.1 Constant flow rate .................................................................75 4.4.2 Oscillatory flow .....................................................................83 4.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................90 5 Summary............................................................................................ 92 6 Outlook .............................................................................................. 95 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 97
Tsai, Ming-Yu, and 蔡明諭. "An Efficient Hybrid CMOS/PTL (Pass-Transistor-Logic) Synthesizer and Its Applications to the Design of Arithmetic Units and 3D Graphics Processors." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09027930047814983581.
Full text國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
98
The mainstream of current VLSI design and logic synthesis is based on traditional CMOS logic circuits. However, in the past two decades, various new logic circuit design styles based on pass-transistor logic (PTL) have been proposed. Compared with CMOS circuits, these PTL-based circuits are claimed to have better results in area, speed, and power in some particular applications, such as adder and multiplier designs. Since most current automatic logic synthesis tools (such as Synopsys Design Compiler) are based on conventional CMOS standard cell library, the corresponding logic minimization for CMOS logic cannot be directly employed to generate efficient PTL circuits. In this dissertation, we develop two novel PTL synthesizers that can efficiently generate PTL-based circuits. One is based on pure PTL cells; the other mixes CMOS and PTL cells in the standard cell library to achieve better performance in area, speed, and power. Since PTL-based circuits are constructed by only a few basic PTL cells, the layouts in PTL cells can be easily updated to design large SoC systems as the process technology migrates rapidly in current Nano technology era. The proposed PTL logic synthesis flows employ the popular Synopsys Design Compiler (DC) to perform logic translation and minimization based on the standard cell library composed of PTL and CMOS cells, thus, the PTL design flow can be easily embedded in the standard cell-based ASIC design flow. In this dissertation, we also discuss PTL-based designs of some fundamental hardware components. Furthermore, the proposed PTL cell library is used to synthesize large processor systems in applications of computer arithmetic and 3D graphics.
Alarfaj, Meshal K. "Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry Using Colored Shadow Imaging." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/605159.
Full textTshimanga, Ilunga Jeanmark. "Particle image velocimetry measurements of blood flow in aneurysms using 3D printed flow phantoms." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27390.
Full textMechanical and Industrial Engineering