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Journal articles on the topic '3D PTV'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Malik, Nadeem A., and Th Dracos. "Lagrangian PTV in 3D flows." Applied Scientific Research 51, no. 1-2 (June 1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01082531.

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2

Kim, Hyoungsoo, Jerry Westerweel, and Gerrit E. Elsinga. "Comparison of Tomo-PIV and 3D-PTV for microfluidic flows." Measurement Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 024007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/2/024007.

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3

Abuhijla, Fawzi Jamil, Lubna Abdelrahman Hammoudeh, Ramiz Ahmad Abu-Hijlih, and Jamal Khader. "The impact of four dimensions CT simulation on planning target volume in radiotherapy for primary lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e20091-e20091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e20091.

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e20091 Background: 4D CT simulation has been evolved to estimate the internal body motion and considered as a useful tool for intra-thoracic tumor definition. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using 4D simulation on the planning target volume (PTV) for primary lung tumor. Methods: Patients who underwent CT simulation for primary lung cancer radiotherapy between 2012-2016 using 3D- (free breathing) and 4D- (respiratory gated) institutional protocol were included in this retrospective review. For each patient, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured in free breathing scan (3D-GTV), exhale scan (e-GTV) and inhale scan (i-GTV). The corresponding CTVs (3D-CTV, e-CTV and i-CTV) were created by adding 1 cm in all directions. 3D-internal target volume (3D-ITV) was generated by 0.5 cm cranio-caudal expansion of 3D-CTV, while 4D-ITV was created by combination of e-CTV and i-CTV. Subsequently, a 0.5 cm margin was added to generate the 3D-PTV and 4D-PTV respectively. The volumes of 3D-PTV and 4D-PTV were compared to examine the impact of 4D CT simulation on changes in the volume of PTV. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to test the impact of volume and location of GTV on the changes of PTV volume by more than 10 % between free breathing and respiratory gated scans. Results: A total of 10 patients were identified. The median [range] GTV, i-GTV, e-GTV volumes were 13.55 [1.44-628.66], 13.17 [1.77-627.36], 12.85 [1.34-630.25] cc respectively. The 3D-CTV, i-CTV, e-CTV volumes were 86.37 [23.76-1209], 84.97 [25.5- 1220.4], 83.40 [23.36-1224.12] cc respectively. 3D-ITV and 4D-ITV median volume was 106.06 [3.99-1422.8], 88.02 [20.51-1338.18] cc respectively. 3D-PTV was significantly larger than the 4D-PTV; median [range] volumes were 182.79 [58.65- 1861.05] vs. 158.21 [52.76-1771.02] cc, p = 0.0068). On multivariable analysis, neither the volume of GTV (p = 0.4917), nor the location of the tumor (peripheral, p = 0.4914 or lower location, p = 0.9594) had an in impact on PTV differences between free breathing and respiratory gated scans. Conclusions: The use of 4D simulation reduces the PTV for primary lung cancer, and it should be routinely implemented in clinical practice regardless the tumor volume or location.
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Watamura, Tomoaki, Yuji Tasaka, and Yuichi Murai. "LCD-projector-based 3D color PTV." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 47 (May 2013): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.12.019.

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5

Hwang, T. G., D. H. Doh, and K. Okamoto. "4D-PTV Measurements of an impinged jet with a dynamic 3D-PTV." Journal of Visualization 8, no. 3 (September 2005): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181502.

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6

Atkinson, C., N. A. Buchmann, and J. Soria. "Computationally efficient storage of 3D particle intensity and position data for use in 3D PIV and 3D PTV." Measurement Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (September 25, 2013): 115303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/11/115303.

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7

Fu, Sijie, Pascal Henry Biwole, Christian Mathis, and Philippe Maïssa. "Numerical and experimental comparison of complete three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry algorithms for indoor airflow study." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 4 (December 6, 2016): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16682294.

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The experimental data retrieved from three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV) are crucial for indoor environment engineering when designing ventilation strategies or monitoring airborne pollutants dispersion in inhabited spaces as well as in livestock compounds. The performance of the measurement algorithm, as the core part of the 3D PTV technology, has a strong influence on the final results. This study presents a method to select the better 3D PTV algorithm depending on the application targeted. This study first compared the performance of seven 3D PTV algorithms on two types of 3D laminar macro scale flows of known Navier–Stokes solutions, namely the Kovasznay and Beltrami flows. The comparison was based on the accuracy, the measuring volume coverage and the achievable trajectory length of each algorithm with respect to the particle tracking density and the total number of frames. Then, the measurement algorithms with better performances were further compared with the experimental measurement of real 3D airflows in a cubic cavity. The results suggest that different measurement algorithms have different advantages and drawbacks depending on the application targeted, and that the algorithms using the epipolar constraint as the method of spatial matching generally perform better.
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Seredkin, Alexander, Maxim Shestakov, and Tokarev Mikhail. "An industrial light field camera applied for 3D velocity measurements in flow past confined cylinder." EPJ Web of Conferences 196 (2019): 00056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919600056.

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Light field cameras have some advantages over classic cameras in a narrow field of application, such photography, cinematography surveillance and quality control in industry. Light field cameras have larger depth of field, compare to regular camera, but lower spatial resolution along optical axis then binocular system. However, 3D velocity measurements using light field are reasonable alternative to modern 3D PIV measurements. The nature of light field image requires extra reconstruction step which affects overall accuracy. In this article, light field PTV was compared to Tomo-PIV. Both techniques were used to measure 3D velocity fields in a turbulent wake past confined cylinder.
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UEMURA, Tomomasa, Takashi USUI, Isamu TAKEUCHI, Fujio YAMAMOTO, and Manabu IGICHI. "A measurement method of 3D coordinates of tracers for 3D-PTV." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 12, no. 1Supplement (1992): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.12.1supplement_103.

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10

Agüera, Nereida, Gioacchino Cafiero, Tommaso Astarita, and Stefano Discetti. "Ensemble 3D PTV for high resolution turbulent statistics." Measurement Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (October 25, 2016): 124011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/27/12/124011.

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11

Virant, Marko, and Themistocles Dracos. "3D PTV and its application on Lagrangian motion." Measurement Science and Technology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/8/12/017.

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12

OHMI, Kazuo, and Basanta JOSHI. "J054013 3D Tomographic PTV using Particle Streak Images." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _J054013–1—_J054013–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j054013-1.

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13

Saredi, Edoardo, Andrea Sciacchitano, and Fulvio Scarano. "Multi-Δt 3D-PTV based on Reynolds decomposition." Measurement Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (June 1, 2020): 084005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab803d.

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14

Shintani, Atsushi, Jiro Funaki, and Katsuya Hirata. "A242 Simultaneous Measurements by 3D PTV and UVP." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2006 (2006): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2006.247.

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15

Doh, D. H., D. H. Kim, K. R. Cho, Y. B. Cho, W. J. Lee, T. Saga, and T. Kobayashi. "Development of Genetic Algorithm based 3D-PTV technique." Journal of Visualization 5, no. 3 (September 2002): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03182332.

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16

Krug, Dominik, Beat Lüthi, Hansjörg Seybold, Markus Holzner, and Arkady Tsinober. "3D-PTV measurements in a plane Couette flow." Experiments in Fluids 52, no. 5 (January 7, 2012): 1349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-011-1256-2.

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17

Ushijima, Satoru, and Nobukazu Tanaka. "Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry With Laser-Light Sheet Scannings." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817385.

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This paper describes three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D PTV), which enables us to obtain remarkably larger number of velocity vectors than previous techniques. Instead of the usual stereoscopic image recordings, the present 3D PTV visualizes an entire three-dimensional flow with the scanning laser-light sheets generated from a pair of optical scanners and the images are taken by a high-speed video system synchronized with the scannings. The digital image analyses to derive velocity components are based on the numerical procedure (Ushijima and Tanaka, 1994), in which several improvements have been made on the extraction of particle images, the determination of their positions, the derivation of velocity components and others. The present 3D PTV was applied to the rotating fluids, accompanied by Ekman boundary layers, and their complicated secondary flow patterns, as well as the primary circulations, are quantitatively captured.
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18

H, Traugott, Hayse T, and Liberzon A. "Resuspension of particles in an oscillating grid turbulent flow using PIV and 3D-PTV." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 318, no. 5 (December 22, 2011): 052021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/318/5/052021.

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19

USHIJIMA, Satoru, and Ryosuke YAMAMOTO. "High Resolution 3D PTV Technique Based on Parallel Computation." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 17, Supplement2 (1997): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.17.supplement2_165.

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20

Doh, D. H., T. G. Hwang, and T. Saga. "3D-PTV measurements of the wake of a sphere." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 6 (May 14, 2004): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/6/004.

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21

Ushijima, Satoru. "Development of 3D PTV Using Laser-Light Sheet Scannings." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 40 (1996): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.40.1065.

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22

SAWAMURA, Toshihiro, Toshiyuki SANADA, and Takayuki SAITO. "410 Measurement of a Bubble Flow using 3D-PTV." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2009.58 (2009): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2009.58.243.

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23

Trieu, Hang, Per Bergström, Mikael Sjödahl, J. Gunnar I. Hellström, Patrik Andreasson, and Henrik Lycksam. "Photogrammetry for Free Surface Flow Velocity Measurement: From Laboratory to Field Measurements." Water 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121675.

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This study describes a multi-camera photogrammetric approach to measure the 3D velocity of free surface flow. The properties of the camera system and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) algorithm were first investigated in a measurement of a laboratory open channel flow to prepare for field measurements. The in situ camera calibration methods corresponding to the two measurement situations were applied to mitigate the instability of the camera mechanism and camera geometry. There are two photogrammetry-based PTV algorithms presented in this study regarding different types of surface particles employed on the water flow. While the first algorithm uses the particle tracking method applied for individual particles, the second algorithm is based on correlation-based particle clustering tracking applied for clusters of small size particles. In the laboratory, reference data are provided by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The differences in velocities measured by photogrammetry and PIV, photogrammetry and LDV are 0.1% and 3.6%, respectively. At a natural river, the change of discharges between two measurement times is found to be 15%, and the corresponding value reported regarding mass flow through a nearby hydropower plant is 20%. The outcomes reveal that the method can provide a reliable estimation of 3D surface velocity with sufficient accuracy.
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24

Borm, Kai J., Christopher Hofmann, Mathias Düsberg, Markus Oechsner, Hendrik Dapper, Michal Devecka, and Stephanie E. Combs. "Excluding Lung Tissue from the PTV during Internal Mammary Irradiation. A Safe Technique for OAR-Sparing?" Cancers 13, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081951.

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The current study aims to determine whether exclusion of lung tissue from planning treatment volume (PTV) is a valid organ at risk (OAR)-sparing technique during internal mammary irradiation (IMNI). Twenty patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy including IMNI after mastectomy or lumpectomy with daily ConeBeam CT (CBCT; median n = 28) were enrolled in the current study. The daily dose distribution of the patients was estimated by recalculating treatment plans on CBCT-scans based on a standard PTV (PTV margin: 5mm-STD) and a modified PTV, which excluded overlapping lung tissue (ExLung). Using 3D-deformable dose accumulation, the dose coverage in the target volume was estimated in dependence of the PTV-margins. The estimated delivered dose in the IMN-CTV was significantly lower for the ExLung PTV compared to the STD PTV: ExLung: V95%: 76.6 ± 22.9%; V90%: 89.6 ± 13.2%, STD: V95%: 95.6 ± 7.4%; V90%: 99.1 ± 2.7%. Daily CBCT imaging cannot sufficiently compensate the anatomic changes and intrafraction movement throughout the treatment. Therefore, to ensure adequate delivery of the prescribed dose to the IMN-CTV, exclusion of lung tissue from the PTV to spare the OARs is not recommended.
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Hashimoto, Shingo, Yuta Shibamoto, Hiromitsu Iwata, Hiroyuki Ogino, Hiroki Shibata, Toshiyuki Toshito, Chikao Sugie, and Jun-etsu Mizoe. "Whole-pelvic radiotherapy with spot-scanning proton beams for uterine cervical cancer: a planning study." Journal of Radiation Research 57, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrw052.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetric parameters of whole-pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) for cervical cancer among plans involving 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT). The dose distributions of 3D-CRT-, IMRT-, and SSPT-based WPRT plans were compared in 10 patients with cervical cancer. All of the patients were treated with a prescribed dose of 50.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy daily fractions, and all of the plans involved the same planning target volume (PTV) constrictions. A 3D-CRT plan involving a four-field box, an IMRT plan involving seven coplanar fields, and an SSPT plan involving four fields were created. The median PTV D95% did not differ between the 3D-CRT, IMRT and SSPT plans. The median conformity index 95% and homogeneity index of the IMRT and SSPT were better than those of the 3D-CRT. The homogeneity index of the SSPT was better than that of the IMRT. SSPT resulted in lower median V20 values for the bladder wall, small intestine, colon, bilateral femoral heads, skin, and pelvic bone than IMRT. Comparing the Dmean values, SSPT spared the small intestine, colon, bilateral femoral heads, skin and pelvic bone to a greater extent than the other modalities. SSPT can reduce the irradiated volume of the organs at risk compared with 3D-CRT and IMRT, while maintaining excellent PTV coverage. Further investigations of SSPT are warranted to assess its role in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Wilke, L., C. Moustakis, O. Blanck, D. Albers, C. Albrecht, Y. Avcu, R. Boucenna, et al. "Improving interinstitutional and intertechnology consistency of pulmonary SBRT by dose prescription to the mean internal target volume dose." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 197, no. 9 (July 1, 2021): 836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-021-01799-w.

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Abstract Purpose Dose, fractionation, normalization and the dose profile inside the target volume vary substantially in pulmonary stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) between different institutions and SBRT technologies. Published planning studies have shown large variations of the mean dose in planning target volume (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) or internal target volume (ITV) when dose prescription is performed to the PTV covering isodose. This planning study investigated whether dose prescription to the mean dose of the ITV improves consistency in pulmonary SBRT dose distributions. Materials and methods This was a multi-institutional planning study by the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) working group Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy. CT images and structures of ITV, PTV and all relevant organs at risk (OAR) for two patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were distributed to all participating institutions. Each institute created a treatment plan with the technique commonly used in the institute for lung SBRT. The specified dose fractionation was 3 × 21.5 Gy normalized to the mean ITV dose. Additional dose objectives for target volumes and OAR were provided. Results In all, 52 plans from 25 institutions were included in this analysis: 8 robotic radiosurgery (RRS), 34 intensity-modulated (MOD), and 10 3D-conformal (3D) radiation therapy plans. The distribution of the mean dose in the PTV did not differ significantly between the two patients (median 56.9 Gy vs 56.6 Gy). There was only a small difference between the techniques, with RRS having the lowest mean PTV dose with a median of 55.9 Gy followed by MOD plans with 56.7 Gy and 3D plans with 57.4 Gy having the highest. For the different organs at risk no significant difference between the techniques could be found. Conclusions This planning study pointed out that multiparameter dose prescription including normalization on the mean ITV dose in combination with detailed objectives for the PTV and ITV achieve consistent dose distributions for peripheral lung tumors in combination with an ITV concept between different delivery techniques and across institutions.
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Olmos, Alejandro, Alejandro Rodriguez, Estefania Beltran, Onix Garay, Armando Felix, Mario Alberto Ponce, Maurico Salcedo, et al. "Comparative dosimetric analysis of whole abdominal radiotherapy with VMAT versus 3D conformal in patients with Wilms tumour." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 18, no. 03 (February 15, 2019): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396918000778.

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AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we undertake a dosimetric comparison of whole abdominal treatment plans of patients diagnosed with stage 3 Wilms tumour, to assess the benefits of treating these patients with volumetric arch therapy (VMAT) versus 3D conformal radiotherapy.Material and methodsA retrospective study was undertaken on 23 patients receiving either VMAT or 3D conformal radiotherapy during 2013–2017. A dosimetric comparison was undertaken for both techniques, measuring planning target volume (PTV), conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) and organs at risk (OAR).ResultsThe dosimetric parameters for the PTV dose in the VMAT and 3D conformal technique showed no statistical difference (1,289·17 cGy versus 1,357·13 cGy, respectively, p=0·404). However, the VMAT technique had a better CI (1·04 VMAT versus 1·26 3D, p=0·004), and there was little difference in the HI (1·13 VMAT versus 1·15 3D, p=0·1606). In the statistical analysis, the decrease in dose to OAR for the VMAT technique is statistically significant for doses to lung and kidney (p=0·011 and p=0·002, respectively). Between the two techniques, there was no statistical significance in dose difference to the other OAR.ConclusionThis work proposes using the VMAT technique in whole abdominal irradiation to improve conformity, without affecting the quality of the PTV coverage, when compared with the 3D conformal technique. In addition, VMAT reduces the doses to OAR such as the remaining kidney and lungs that are important to preserve to reduce the probability of radiation toxicity in these patients.
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28

Harmanci, Yunus, Utku Gülan, Markus Holzner, and Eleni Chatzi. "A Novel Approach for 3D-Structural Identification through Video Recording: Magnified Tracking." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051229.

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Advancements in optical imaging devices and computer vision algorithms allow the exploration of novel diagnostic techniques for use within engineering systems. A recent field of application lies in the adoption of such devices for non-contact vibrational response recordings of structures, allowing high spatial density measurements without the burden of heavy cabling associated with conventional technologies. This, however, is not a straightforward task due to the typically low-amplitude displacement response of structures under ambient operational conditions. A novel framework, namely Magnified Tracking (MT), is proposed herein to overcome this limitation through the synergistic use of two computer vision techniques. The recently proposed phase-based motion magnification (PBMM) framework, for amplifying motion in a video within a defined frequency band, is coupled with motion tracking by means of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). An experimental campaign was conducted to validate a proof-of-concept, where the dynamic response of a shear frame was measured both by conventional sensors as well as a video camera setup, and cross-compared to prove the feasibility of the proposed non-contact approach. The methodology was explored both in 2D and 3D configurations, with PTV revealing a powerful tool for the measurement of perceptible motion. When MT is utilized for tracking “imperceptible” structural responses (i.e., below PTV sensitivity), via the use of PBMM around the resonant frequencies of the structure, the amplified motion reveals the operational deflection shapes, which are otherwise intractable. The modal results extracted from the magnified videos, using PTV, demonstrate MT to be a viable non-contact alternative for 3D modal identification with the benefit of a spatially dense measurement grid.
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29

Wang, Chengwu, and Zhen Wei. "A Virtual Particle Images Generation System for 3D-PTV Verification." Procedia Engineering 126 (2015): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.304.

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30

Stüer, H., and S. Blaser. "Assessment of spatial derivatives determined from scattered 3D PTV data." Experiments in Fluids 30, no. 5 (May 7, 2001): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480000225.

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31

Abu Rowin, Wagih, and Sina Ghaemi. "Streamwise and spanwise slip over a superhydrophobic surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 870 (May 15, 2019): 1127–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.225.

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The near-wall turbulent flow over a superhydrophobic surface (SHS) with random texture was studied using three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV). The channel was operated at a constant mass flow rate over the SHS and a smooth surface at a Reynolds number of 7000 based on the bulk velocity of $0.93~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and the full channel height. The friction Reynolds number was 217, based on the friction velocity and half channel height. The 3D-PTV processing was based on the shake-the-box algorithm applied to images of fluorescent tracers recorded using four high-speed cameras. The SHS was obtained by spray coating, resulting in a root-mean-square roughness of $0.29\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and an average texture width of $5.0\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=17~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ is the inner flow scale over the SHS. The 3D-PTV measurements confirmed an isotropic slip with a streamwise slip length of $5.9\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and a spanwise slip length of $5.9\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$. As a result, both the near-wall mean streamwise and spanwise velocity profiles over the SHS were higher than the smooth surface. The streamwise and spanwise slip velocities over the SHS were $0.27~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$ and $0.018~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$, respectively. The near-wall Reynolds stresses over the SHS were larger and shifted towards the wall when normalized by the corresponding inner scaling, despite the smaller friction Reynolds number of 180 over the SHS. The near-wall measurement of streamwise velocity showed that the shear-free pattern consists of streamwise-elongated regions with a length of $800\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ and a spanwise width of $300\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$. The plastron dimensions correspond to the mean distance of the largest roughness peaks $(20~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m})$ obtained from profilometry of the SHS. The drag reduction over the SHS was 30 %–38 % as estimated from pressure measurement and the flow field using the 3D-PTV.
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Newnham, John. "Towards an evidence-based 3D conformal radiotherapy prostate protocol: what is the role of spiral CT?" Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 1, no. 4 (December 2000): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396999000291.

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Aim: To define the role of spiral CT in evolving an evidence-based 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (CRT) prostate protocol at Lincoln, UK.Discussion: Tumour doses traditionally prescribed at this centre to the prostate planning target volume (PTV) (64 Gy in 32 fractions) cannot be further escalated without modification of existing technique and may currently be inadequate to obtain the highest probability of local control. Prostate CRT has been demonstrated to be well tolerated with both conventional and escalated doses, however as 3D CRT PTV margins are tightened, prostate position has to be reliably predicted to avoid geographic misses or unacceptable normal tissue toxicity. The question of prostate position variability might be addressed by sequential on-treatment spiral CT scans at this centre. Spiral CT offers specific advantages of speed, small detail conspicuity, and arbitrary axial reconstruction compared to conventional CT with no attached dose penalty. Spiral CT coupled to the next generation of radiotherapy treatment planning systems (RTPs) may soon replace the CT virtual-simulator. There are significant hardware discrepancies between some present generation CT couch tops and linac couch tops. Recently published CT studies that consider prostate position variability may be fundamentally and significantly flawed due to these couch top differences. Due to a paucity of reported evidence regarding immobilisation methods, a spiral CT study is warranted to assess efficacy of immobilization method for an evidence-based prostate protocol. Confirmative spiral CT research at this centre into prostate position variability is required to select adequate margins to form the PTV for an evidence-based 3D CRT prostate protocol. Such a spiral CT study could be integrated with the immobilisation study and may separate or define the correlation (which at present is both unclear and unreported) between pelvic immobilization and prostate position variability. Initial PTV margins defined by expanding the CTV in three dimensions using an ellipsoid with major axes 1.65 times one standard deviation of prostatic displacement reported in initial studies to obtain margins of 0.7 cm laterally, 0.7 cm cranio-caudally and 1.1 cm in the AP direction are presently indicated for this centre's evidence-based prostate protocol.Conclusion: Spiral CT will provide the essential data set for 3D CRT planning for an evidence-based prostate protocol at Lincoln. Confirmative research using spiral CT is also warranted to assess daily prostate position variability and help define the prostate PTV for an evidence based prostate protocol at this centre.
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Doh, Deog-Hee, Hyo-Jae Jo, and Tae-Sil Baek. "Measurements of the Cylinder Wake with a Hybrid-Fitness Function based 3D-PTV." Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5407/jksv.2008.6.2.003.

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FUNAKI, Jiro, Ryo KAWAGUCHI, Miki TAOKA, and Katsuya HIRATA. "3D-PTV Measuring of Ambient Fluid Velocities in a Bubble Plume." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 77, no. 776 (2011): 1016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.77.1016.

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FUNAKI, Jiro, Atsushi SHINTANI, Ryo KAWAGUCHI, and Katsuya HIRATA. "Basic Space Structure of Bubble-Jet Plume Using Consecutive 3D-PTV." Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2009): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jfst.4.348.

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Suzuki, J., K. Tateoka, K. Shima, M. Hareyama, W. Saitou, F. Mizoguchi, and J. Ikeda. "Effect of 3D Angular Displacement of Prostate CTV on PTV Margin." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 75, no. 3 (November 2009): S656—S657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1499.

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Wang, Wei, and Jianbin Li. "Evaluation of dosimetric variance in whole breast forward intensity modulated radiotherapy based on 4D CT and 3D CT." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13530-e13530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13530.

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e13530 Background: To explore and compare the dosimetric variance in forward intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) based on 4D CT and 3D CT after breast conserving surgery. Methods: Seventeen patients after breast conserving surgery underwent the 3D CT simulation scans followed by respiration-synchronized 4D CT simulation scans on the state of free breathing. The treatment plan constructed using the end inspiration (EI) scan was then copied and applied to the end expiration (EE) and 3D scans and the dose distribution was calculated separately. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) parameters for the CTV, PTV, ipsilateral lung (IPSL) and heart were evaluated and compared. Results: The CTV volume amplitude was 11.93 ± 28.64 cm3, and volume of the CTV receiving 95%, 100%, and 103% prescription dose among different scans were all differed by < 0.4%. Mean PTV dose at EE was lower than EI (t = 2.87, p = 0.011), but there were no statistice significance between 3D CT scan and EI, EE scans (t = 1.06, -1.59; p = 0.304, 0.132). The homogeneity index (HI) at EI, EE, 3D plans were 0.156 ± 0.02, 0.162 ± 0.02, 0.161 ± 0.02, respectively, and difference only between EI and EE (t = -2.56, p = 0.021). The highest conformal index (CI) was at EI phase (t = 4.55, 2.70; p = 0.000, 0.016), and there was no significant difference between EE and 3D (t = 0.04, p = 0.967). The V20, V30, V40, V50 and Dmean of IPSL at EE phase were lower than EI (t = 2.39~5.54, p = 0.000~0.030). There were no significant differences in all the indexes for heart (t = -1.77~1.40, p = 0.128~0.693). Conclusions: The breast deformation during respiration may be disregarded in whole breast IMRT; PTV dose distribution was changed significantly between EI and EE phase, and the differentiation of the lung high dose area between EI and EE phase may induced by thorax expansion. 3D treatment planning is sufficient for whole breast forward IMRT, but 4D CT scans assist with respiratory gating ensure precise delivery of radiation dose.
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Ling, Ted Chen-Tai, Jerry Monroe Slater, Rachel Mifflin, Prashanth Nookala, Roger Grove, Anh Ly, Baldev Patyal, Jerry D. Slater, and Gary Yang. "A comparison of proton and photon radiotherapy in reducing cardiac exposure for patients receiving radiation therapy for distal and esophagogastric junction cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.167.

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167 Background: Recent studies indicate that radiation exposure to heart may have a greater impact on perioperative cardiac morbidities than do other clinical factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate dose distributions of proton and photon treatment plans in patients (pts) with distal and esophagogastric junction (GEJ) carcinoma, focusing specifically on dose reduction to cardiac structures. Methods: Ten pts between 2010 and 2013 were included in this study. Three separate plans were generated for each patient: 3D proton plan, 3D photon plan, and Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) photon plan. The clinical target volume (CTV) consisted of the pre-operative extent of tumor plus a 10mm manual expansion in all directions. The planning target volume (PTV) was generated by a further expansion on the CTV ranging from 10-15mm. A dose of 50.4Gy given in 28 fractions was delivered to the PTV. All plans were optimized to allow 90% isodose coverage of at least 95% of the PTV. Dose-volume histograms were calculated and analyzed in order to compare plans between the three modalities. ANOVA and two-tailed paired t-tests were performed for all data parameters. Results: The 3D proton plans showed decreased dose to partial volumes of the entire heart, arteries, valves, atria, and ventricles in comparison to both the IMRT and 3D photon plans (see Table). The IMRT plans showed decreased dose delivered to the LAD artery, pericardium, and atria in comparison to the 3D photon plans (see Table). Conclusions: For pts receiving radiation therapy for distal esophageal and GEJ cancer, proton plans are technically feasible with adequate coverage while resulting in lower dose to cardiac structures. This may result in decreased cardiac toxicity and less complications in a multimodality setting. [Table: see text]
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Tsang, Shirley W. S., Mark Collins, Jacky T. L. Wong, and George Chiu. "A dosimetric comparison of craniospinal irradiation using TomoDirect radiotherapy, TomoHelical radiotherapy and 3D conventional radiotherapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 4 (June 22, 2017): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000309.

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AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to dosimetrically compare TomoDirect, TomoHelical and linear accelerator-based 3D-conformal radiotherapy (Linac-3DCRT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in the treatment of medulloblastoma.MethodsFive CSI patients were replanned with Linac-3DCRT, TomoHelical, TomoDirect-3DCRT and TomoDirect-intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Dose of 36 Gy in 20 fractions was prescribed to the planning target volume (PTV). Homogeneity index (HI), non-target integral dose (NTID), dose–volume histograms, organs-at-risk (OARs)Dmax,Dmeanand treatment times were compared.ResultsTomoHelical achieved the best PTV homogeneity compared with Linac-3DCRT, TomoDirect-3DCRT and TomoDirect-IMRT (HI of 3·6 versus 20·9, 8·7 and 9·4%, respectively). TomoDirect-IMRT achieved the lowest NTID compared with TomoDirect-3DCRT, TomoHelical and Linac-3DCRT (141 J versus 151 J, 181 J and 250 J), indicating least biological damage to normal tissues. TomoHelical plans achieved the lowestDmaxin all organs except the breasts, and lowestDmeanfor most OARs, except in laterally situated OARs, where TomoDirect triumphed. Beam-on time was longest for TomoHelical, followed by TomoDirect and Linac-3DCRT.FindingsTomoDirect has the potential to lower NTID and shorten treatment times compared with TomoHelical. It reduces PTV inhomogeneity and better spares OARs compared with Linac-3DCRT. Therefore, TomoDirect may be a CSI treatment alternative to TomoHelical and in place of Linac-3DCRT.
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Hamdi, Jana, Kamel Abed-Meraïm, Hassan Assoum, Anas Sakout, Marwan Al-Kheir, Tarek Mrach, Laurent Rambault, Sebastien Cauet, and Eric Etien. "Tomographic and Time-Resolved PIV measurement of an Impinging Jet on a Slotted Plate." MATEC Web of Conferences 261 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926103004.

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In order to reveal the complete topology of unsteady coherent flow structures the instantaneous measurement of the 3D velocity field is being of the great interest in fluid mechanic. Several different methods were proposed to achieve a 3D version of the technique (scanning light sheet, holography, 3D PTV). We aimed in our study to develop a 3D technique than enables to obtain the 3D kinematic field of an impinging jet by using 2D measurements. In this study and in order to validate the proposed technique [1], the tomographic particle image velocimetry technique has been applied to time resolved PIV recordings. The first step before the validation was to study the vortex shedding phenomena between the jet exit and the slotted plate. The experiments were performed at a Re = 4458 with an initial velocity U0=7m/s using three cameras Phantom V711 and a Nd: YLF LDY 300 Litron laser. In the present study, we analyzed the coherent structures organization by a 3D-velocity visualization. Both mean and fluctuating part of velocity were analyzed for several positions in z. The results has shown that a couple of vortex rolls are created downstream the flow at y/H=2.
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Lastrucci, Luciana, Simona Borghesi, Silvia Bertocci, Chiara Gasperi, Andrea Rampini, Giovanna Buonfrate, Paola Pernici, Roberta De Majo, and Pietro Giovanni Gennari. "Advantage of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold in Left-sided Breast Cancer Patients Treated with 3D Conformal Radiotherapy." Tumori Journal 103, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000563.

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Purpose To compare 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment plans based on free-breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) and investigated whether DIBH technique enables a decrease of cardiac left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) and lungs dose with respect to the FB. Methods Twenty-three left-sided breast cancer patients referred for breast radiotherapy were included. The planning target volume (PTV) encompassed the breast and organs at risk including heart, LADCA, lungs, and contralateral breast, which were contoured in FB and DIBH CT scans. Dose to PTV was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Two treatment plans were generated for each patient: FB-3D-CRT and DIBH-3D-CRT. Dosimetry parameters were obtained from dose volume histograms. Data were compared using the paired-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results For heart, LADCA, and left lung, a significant dose reduction was found using DIBH technique. By using DIBH, an average reduction of 25% was observed in LADCA for the volume receiving 20 Gy and of 48% considering the mean heart dose. Conclusions The DIBH technique results in a significant decrease of dose to the heart, LADCA, and left lung compared to FB.
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Buckey, Courtney, Gregory Swanson, Sotirios Stathakis, and Nikos Papanikolaou. "Dosimetric comparison between 3D conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 9, no. 2 (June 2010): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396909990343.

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AbstractBackground and Purpose: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is considered by many to be the standard of care in the delivery of external-beam radiotherapy treatments to the prostate. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the purported benefits of IMRT.Materials and Methods: Treatment plans were produced for 10 patients using both 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and IMRT, utilising the dose constraints recommended by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0415 protocol. Three IMRT modalities used in this study were linear accelerator based IMRT, helical tomotherapy, and serial tomotherapy. The prescription to the target, 76 Gy, was the same for all plans.Results: In general the 3D-CRT plans satisfied the RTOG criteria for planning target volume (PTV) coverage, and met or bettered the dose criteria for the organs at risk. PTV coverage was more homogeneous for the IMRT plans than the 3D-CRT plans but not significantly improved.Conclusions: Technically, because the IMRT plans required greater effort for the optimisation, longer treatment times and higher monitor units, the use of IMRT for the fulfilment of the protocol’s dosimetric goals was not justified using these constraints.
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FH, Tang, Chu CYW, and Cheung EYW. "Radiomics AI prediction for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis and recurrence with target volume approach." BJR|Open 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 20200073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20200073.

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Objectives: To evaluate the performance of radiomics features extracted from planning target volume (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) in the prediction of the death prognosis and cancer recurrence rate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: 188 HNSCC patients’ planning CT images with radiotherapy structures sets were acquired from Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The 3D slicer (v. 4.10.2) with the PyRadiomics extension (Computational Imaging and Bioinformatics Lab, Harvard medical School) was used to extract radiomics features from the radiotherapy planning images. An in-house developed deep learning artificial neural networks (DL-ANN) model was used to predict death prognosis and cancer recurrence rate based on the features extracted from GTV and PTV of the CT images. Results: The PTV radiomics features with DL-ANN model could achieve 77.7% accuracy with overall AUC equal to 0.934 and 0.932 when predicting HNSCC-related death prognosis and cancer recurrence respectively. Furthermore, the DL-ANN model can achieve an accuracy of 74.3% with AUC equal to 0.947 and 0.956 for the HNSCC-related death prognosis and cancer recurrence respectively using GTV features. Conclusion: Using both GTV and PTV radiomics features in the DL-ANN model, can aid in predicting HNSCC-related death prognosis and cancer recurrence. Clinicians may find it helpful in formulating different treatment regimens and facilitate personized medicine based on the predicted outcome when performing GTV and PTV delineation. Advances in knowledge: Radiomics features of GTV and PTV are reliable prognosis and recurrence predicting tools, which may help clinicians in GTV and PTV delineation to facilitate delivery of personalized treatment.
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Machacek, M., and T. Rösgen. "A Quantitative Visualization Method for Wind Tunnel Experiments Based on 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV)." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<254::aid-pamm254>3.0.co;2-b.

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Machacek, M., and T. Rösgen. "A Quantitative Visualization Method for Wind Tunnel Experiments Based on 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV)." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<357::aid-pamm357>3.0.co;2-w.

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Marin, Alvaro, Robert Liepelt, Massimiliano Rossi, and Christian J. Kähler. "Surfactant-driven flow transitions in evaporating droplets." Soft Matter 12, no. 5 (2016): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02354h.

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The paper shows experiments revealing the surface and bulk flow on evaporating droplets using a 3D-PTV. The measurements permit to calculate the surface tension gradients and show how different surfactants can turn the droplet's surface either rigid or elastic.
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Dai, Guyu, Xin Xu, Xiaohong Wu, Xiaolin Lei, Xing Wei, Zhibin Li, Qing Xiao, Renming Zhong, and Sen Bai. "Application of 3D-print silica bolus for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma radiation therapy." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 6 (September 22, 2020): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa084.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a 3D-print silica bolus for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma radiation therapy. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were designed using an anthropomorphic head phantom with a 3D-print silica bolus and other kinds of bolus used clinically, and the surface dose was measured by a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosimeter. Four nasal NK/T patients with or without 3D-print silica bolus were treated and the nose surface dose was measured using a MOSFET dosimeter during the first treatment. Plans for the anthropomorphic head phantom with 3D-print bolus have more uniform dose and higher conformity of the planning target volume (PTV) compared to other boluses; the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the VMAT plan were 0.0589 and 0.7022, respectively, and the HI and CI of the IMRT plan were 0.0550 and 0.7324, respectively. The MOSFET measurement results showed that the surface dose of the phantom with 3D-print bolus was &gt;180 cGy, and that of patients with 3D-print bolus was higher than patients without bolus. The air gap volume between the 3D-print bolus and the surface of patients was &lt;0.3 cc. The 3D-print silica bolus fitted well on the patient’s skin, effectively reducing air gaps between bolus and patient surface. Meanwhile, the 3D-print silica bolus provided patients with higher individuation, and improved the conformity and uniformity of the PTV compared to other kinds of boluses.
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KAWAGUCHI, Ryo, Jiro FUNAKI, and Katsuya HIRATA. "The Basic Structure of a Bubble Jet in Water Using 3D-PTV." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 27, Supplement1 (2007): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.27.supplement1_125.

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MURAI, Yuichi, Susumu OSUKA, Hyun Jin PARK, and Yuji TASAKA. "Single-view 3D-3C velocity vector field measurement by color defocusing PTV." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): J0510102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.j0510102.

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Taoka, Miki, Ryo Kawaguchi, Jiro Funaki, and Katsuya Hirata. "D112 3D-PTV measuring of ambient fluid velocities in a bubble plume." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.153.

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