Academic literature on the topic '3D relief model'
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Journal articles on the topic "3D relief model"
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Galushkin, Alexander Alexeevich, Sofia Lvovna Gonobobleva, Vadim Alexandrovich Parfenov, and Anton Alexandrovich Zhuravlev. "Application of 3D Scanning for Documentation and Creation of Physical Copies of Estampages." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 40, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2018-0010.
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Abstract This article discusses the creation of a 3D archive and physical copies of paper reliefs (estamages). A matrix of the estampage is fabricated by the combined use of 3D scanning technology and additive technologies which can then be used for the documentation and conservation of the original estampage. In order to digitize the relief, an optical 3D scanner based on structured light was used and the processing of the 3D model is discussed in detail. Scanning data is uploaded into the microprocessor of a 3D laser printer using stereolithography technology which then creates a conservation matrix. The accuracy of relief reproduction is assessed by comparing its 3D model with 3D models of replicas obtained with the help of 3D printers. The experimental research showed that it is possible to create 3D archives and reproduction of reliefs. This approach is fundamentally new in the practice of museums and archives.
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Zhang, Yu‐Wei, Wenping Wang, Yanzhao Chen, Hui Liu, Zhongping Ji, and Caiming Zhang. "From 2.5D Bas‐relief to 3D Portrait Model." Computer Graphics Forum 39, no. 6 (2020): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14016.
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Gachenko, Andrey, and Alexei Hmelnov. "Problems, methods and technologies of combined 3D model construction for underwater and above-water relief." E3S Web of Conferences 149 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014902002.
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In the article we describe the methods for construction of underwater 3D relief (bathymetry) and combining it with the corresponding ground relief (terrain) when the bathymetry information is of much lower quality than that of terrain. We have developed an algorithm for combining the low quality underwater relief with the higher quality ground relief using Delaunay triangulations. The resulting combined 3D model of relief has no noticeable artifacts and can be used to solve various hydrological tasks, such as computation of the HPP reservoir water level in dependence to the water discharges of the hydroelectric power plant. We have tested the technology for building combined relief 3D model in several scientific projects intended to estimate the changes in the coastline under various water flow scenarios in the basins of Angara River and Lake Baikal.
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Celms, Armands, Vivita Pukite, Ilona Reke, and Jolanta Luksa. "Possibilities of use of remote sensing technology in survey process in the territory of Pils island in Jelgava." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.014.
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In the study, creation of 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for southern part of the Castle Island is depicted. Information about remote sensing, its historical development, as well as directions of remote sensing, development of photogrammetry and laser scanning is summarized and analysed. Principles of work and methods of photogrammetry and laser scanning. Information about creation of surface relief model from planning of unmanned aircraft, data capture and alignment to the end product – surface relief model. Application of evaluation of data obtained. The purpose of the study – to create 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for the southern part of the Castle Island. Tasks of the study – to consider development and improvement of photogrammetry and its processes, as well as development of laser scanning and principles of its work; to research, analyse and describe technological processes of laser scanning; to create 3D surface relief model in Jelgava, for the southern part of the Castle Island; to perform comparison of surface models obtained and describe application of laser scanning. Preparation of surface relief model is time-consuming process, which includes flight planning and preparation of end-product. End-products obtained in data processing of laser scanning have very broad usage in many sectors related to geodesy and construction.
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Murtala, Sheriff, Ye-Chan Choi, and Kang-Sun Choi. "A Machine Learning Method Based on 3D Local Surface Representation for Recognizing the Inscriptions on Ancient Stele." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125758.
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It is challenging to extract reliefs from ancient steles due to their rough surfaces which contain relief-like noise such as dents and scratches. In this paper, we propose a method to segment relief region from 3D scanned ancient stele by exploiting local surface characteristics. For each surface point, four points that are apart from the reference point along the direction of the principal curvatures of the point are identified. The spin images of the reference point and the four relative points are concatenated to provide additional local surface information of the reference point. A random forest model is trained with the local surface features and thereafter, used to classify 3D surface point as relief or non-relief. To effectively distinguish relief from the degraded surface region containing relief-like noise, the model is trained using three-class labels consisting of relief, background, and degraded surface region. The initial three-class result obtained from the model is refined using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm, and finally, the degraded region is re-labeled to background region. Experimental results show that the proposed method performed better than the state-of-the-art, SVM-based method with a margin of 0.68%, 3.53%, 2.25%, and 2.36%, in accuracy, precision, F1 score, and SIRI, respectively. When compared with the height- and curvature-based methods, the proposed method outperforms these existing methods with an accuracy, precision, F1 score, and SIRI of over 4%, 20%, 11%, and 12%, respectively.
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MASLAKOV, EVGENY ALEXANDROVICH, and MAXIM ANDREEVICH POPOV. "RECREATIONOFA 3D-MODEL OF THE RELIEF OF THE ALBAZIN OSTROG." Messenger AmSU, no. 95 (2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.95.11.
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Andrey, Gachenko, and Khmelnov Alexey. "Technology of 3d relief modelling based on Delaunay triangulation algorithms." E3S Web of Conferences 75 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197503002.
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This paper represents the algorithm of superimposing underwater relief and land relief basing on heterogeneous initial data with the use of Delaunay triangulation. As a result of superimposition a qualitative 3D relief model has been created. This model can be used in generating forecasts of reservoir shoreline alterations related to hydroelectric power plant flushing. The described technology has been approbated in various practical tasks and has shown its efficiency.
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Elshina, Tatyana E., Irina P. Kokorina, and Alexander V. Sysoev. "CREATING A 3D MODEL OF A MOUNTAIN RELIEF FOR GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT OF TOURISM." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (May 21, 2021): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-1-162-168.
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The paper considers the issues of creating a 3D model of mountain terrain for geoinformation support of tourism in the Russian Federation on the example of the territory of the Republic of Ingushetia. The classification of types of tourism and objects of natural and cultural heritage in the Republic of Ingushetia is carried out. As a result of the analysis of tourist and administrative sites, as well as web-services of the republics of the Caucasus, a conclusion is made about their insufficient geoinformation support. The possibilities of using 3D models of mountain terrain on web maps for tourism purposes are presented. A digital model of the mountainous terrain of the Republic of Ingushetia with animation of the natural environment has been created. A 3D scene has been developed that conveys the main terrain shapes and the location of objects on the ground. The resulting model can be used to develop routes in different directions, to ensure both organized and independent tourism.
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Župan, Robert, and Stanislav Frangeš. "Automatic Procedural 3d Modelling of Buildings." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 3 (2018): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180713143638.
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The problem of modelling, especially of large-scale virtual urban environments such as city areas is today very challenging for cartographers. Cities are difficult to model in detail because of their often complex geometries. This paper describes the applied and tested new procedures for the development of a test three-dimensional urban area model using the Esri CityEngine software, which is based on procedural modelling. This process involves three steps. The first step is to collect the available data, as well as the Digital Model Relief data. The second step is to create a Computer Generated Architecture (CGA) file that contains a set of rules used by the software for an automatic generation of the model. The third step is to create and visualize 3D models in the CityEngine software because it can be programmed, for example, according to the rules of cartographic visualization. The Level of Detail (LOD) 2 was reconstructed. Several potential uses of such 3D visualization are also described.
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Abdumuminov, B. O. "CREATION OF 3D MODEL OF PLACE RELIEF BASED ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND GIS." Экономика и социум, no. 6-1 (2021): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46566/2225-1545_2021_1_85_15.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "3D relief model"
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Баранова, Ірина Володимирівна, Ирина Владимировна Баранова, Iryna Volodymyrivna Baranova, and Y. Voitsekhovskyi. "Information Technology for 3D Relief Model Generation By Color Parameters of Pixel." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55764.
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Using of digital maps in simulators will
dynamically change the tasks options and improve the
quality of military professionals. The paper said
information technology to get 3D relief model for
digital maps.
Created simulator module has a user friendly
interface with a large number of configuration options
that allow well prepared for raster images for
recognition. The generation of digital terrain
automatically. The resulting digital map can edit,
change display settings, zoom and move in the world
coordinate system, add it necessary to vegetation and
buildings.
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Зубко, В. С., Ірина Володимирівна Баранова, Ирина Владимировна Баранова та Iryna Volodymyrivna Baranova. "Інформаційна технологія генерації 3D-моделі рельєфу за параметрами яскравості пікселів растрового зображення". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64842.
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Розробка інформаційної технології динамічного моделювання тривимірної моделі карти рельєфу, яка поєднує в собі аналіз монохромного растрового зображення та генерацію на його основі тривимірної
полігональної моделі карти, і була метою даної роботи.
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Войцеховський, Я. С., Ірина Володимирівна Баранова, Ирина Владимировна Баранова та Iryna Volodymyrivna Baranova. "Інформаційна технологія генерації 3D-моделі рельєфу за параметрами кольору пікселів растрового зображення". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64753.
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Модуль тренажеру аналізує вхідне кольорове растрове зображення
(на прикладі фрагменту фізичної карти поверхні), за необхідності дозволяє виконувати операції редагування растру – повороту, масштабування, зсуву тощо.
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Czakó, Alexander. "Stanovení chyby převodu u čelního ozubení s šikmými zuby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433537.
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This diploma thesis primarily deals with the transmission error issue which is one of the dominant sources of vibration in gear pairs and transmission systems. The vibrations subsequently generate noise which is often subjected to increasingly stricter demands across the industry, including the automotive one. It turns out that reducing the peak-to-peak value of the transmission error has a beneficial effect on the vibro-acoustic properties of gears and gear pairs. This thesis aims to determine the transmission error under static conditions, since a gear pair with a low static transmission error is a good assumption for a low transmission error even under dynamic effects. The resulting values of the transmission error can be influenced already during the design of the gear macro-geometry. It is also suitable to apply micro-geometric adjustments – modifications to the gear teeth. For this reason, the search part of the thesis is dedicated to theoretical knowledge, especially concerning the geometry of gears, modifications of teeth and the overall transmission error and its determination. The transmission error can be determined in several ways, including a technical experiment. However, due to time and financial reasons, this is not always possible, and therefore, the possibility of using numerical simulations is offered. In this thesis, the approach using stress-strain quasi-static contact analysis using the finite element method in Ansys Workbench software is used. The advantage is, among other things, a good comparability of results. The input to the FEM analysis is 3D CAD geometry – in this case, it is specifically a helical gear pair with parallel axes. The model/assembly of this gear pair is created in PTC Creo software fully parametrically, so it is possible to generate arbitrary gear pair configurations by changing the input parameters, which significantly saves time. At the end of this diploma thesis, the stress-strain analysis of various gear configurations is evaluated, with respect to the equivalent stress and contact pressure. Furthermore, the static transmission error – its graphs and peak-to-peak values – is determined from FEM analyses for different gear geometry, including tooth modifications, and for various loading torques. Last but not least, the effects of contact/overlap ratio and centre distance are evaluated.
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Kroupa, Ondřej. "Digitální model reliéfu v areálu Admas." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390213.
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The goal of this thesis is to scan part of the complex research center AdMaS using terrestrial laser scanner, from obtained data draw up a 3D terrain model and compare the height accuracy with conventional terrestrial measurement. The thesis is focused to software, which allow processing of point clouds and prepare the 3D model. The output of this work is the 3D terrain model and two transverse profiles for vertical comparison of two measurement methods.
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Hittner, Brian Edward. "Rendering large-scale terrain models and positioning objects in relation to 3D terrain." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FHittner.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Don Brutzman, Curt Blais. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118). Also available online.
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Janod, François. "Propagation des ondes large bande dans des milieux élastiques 3D : méthodes d'éléments de frontière en temps et couplage avec les différences finies." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749683.
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Ce travail de thèse a porté sur le développement de méthodes numériques permettant de simuler la propagation des ondes sismiques "large bande" dans des milieux à géométries tridimensionnelles simples: un nombre réduit de discontinuités, surmontés d'une topographie 3D. Le champ incident modélisé doit pouvoir émaner d'une source ponctuelle proche de la surface. Dans l'introduction générale nous précisons les objectifs de cette étude, et passons en revue les méthodes numériques utilisées en sciences de la terre. Une méthode d'éléments de frontière reposant sur une représentation intégrale directe formulée en temps a été développée. Elle utilise un schéma de résolution explicite, qui permet de s'affranchir des limitations rencontrées en 3D par la formulation en fréquence et donne des résultats d'une précision très satisfaisante. Les limitations de la méthode viennent de la possible amplification du bruit numérique, mais surtout d'un temps de calcul important, qui limite en pratique la taille des modélisations réalisables. Les deux premiers chapitres exposent la méthode et ses résultats. Des expressions analytiques des fonctions de Green des milieux élastiques à gradient. de vitesse constant ont été proposées de façon heuristiques par Sanchez-Sesma et al. (1999), Dans le chapitre 3, nous avons testé ces fonctions pour le cas 3D, et cherché à déterminer leur applicabilité aux méthodes intégrales. Pour échapper aux limitations sur la taille des modèles imposées par les méthodes d'éléments de frontière, tout eu utilisant leur capacité à résoudre avec précision les conditions de surface libre, nous avons démarré l'étude d 'une méthode hybride combinant éléments de frontière et différences finies en fréquence. Le dernier chapitre propose essentiellement une étude de l'optimisation d' un schéma de différences finies d'ordre 2, et montre les premiers résu!tats de sa mise en oeuvre.
Books on the topic "3D relief model"
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Svrakic, Dragan M., and Mirjana Divac Jovanovic. The Fragmented Personality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884574.001.0001.
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This book pioneers a new model of personality disorder primarily intended to serve mental health professionals, those already in practice and equally those in training. In contrast to the static concepts of mental normalcy and pathology, the presented nosology is dynamic (accounts for the reversibility of mental functioning) and personalized, context- and time sensitive. In a 3D diagnostic cylinder, the coordinates cross match the person’s common level of mental functioning (vertical diagnosis) with his or her behavior style (horizontal diagnosis) at a point in space and a unit of time, giving the clinician precise milestones to monitor changes in diagnosis and progress in therapy. The central problem with persons suffering from personality disorder does not rest in their extreme behaviors but rather underneath the surface, in the fragmented substrate of personality (a core deficit sine qua non shared by all individual variants), while extreme behaviors merely represent variable compensatory strategies. Based on this model, mechanism-based treatments are outlined: reconstructive interpersonal psychotherapy (a novel, integrative, transtheoretical approach which relies on psychoanalytic and humanist traditions) and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of neurobiological vulnerabilities associated with excessive temperament traits.
Book chapters on the topic "3D relief model"
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Teshima, Yoshinori, Yohsuke Hosoya, Kazuma Sakai, et al. "Development of Tactile Globe by Additive Manufacturing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58796-3_49.
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AbstractTo understand geographical positions, globes adapted for tactile learning is needed for people with visual impairments. Therefore, we created three-dimensional (3D) tactile models of the earth for the visually impaired, utilizing the exact topography data obtained by planetary explorations. Additively manufactured 3D models of the earth can impart an exact shape of relief on their spherical surfaces. In this study, we made improvements to existing models to satisfy the requirements of tactile learning. These improvements were the addition of the equator, prime meridian, and two poles to a basis model. Hence, eight types of model were proposed. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the belt on four models (i.e., B1, B2, B3, and B4). The height of their belt was pro-vided in four stages. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the gutter on four models (i.e., C1, C2, C3, and C4). The width of their gutter was provided in four stages. The north pole was expressed by a cone, while the south pole was expressed by a cylinder. The two poles have a common shape in all of the eight models. Evaluation experiments revealed that the Earth models developed in this study were useful for tactile learning of the visually impaired.
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Özdemir, E., L. Kiesewetter, K. Antorveza, et al. "Towards Self-shaping Metamaterial Shells:." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_26.
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AbstractDouble curvature enables elegant and material-efficient shell structures, but their construction typically relies on heavy machining, manual labor, and the additional use of material wasted as one-off formwork. Using a material’s intrinsic properties for self-shaping is an energy and resource-efficient solution to this problem. This research presents a fabrication approach for self-shaping double-curved shell structures combining the hygroscopic shape-changing and scalability of wood actuators with the tunability of 3D-printed metamaterial patterning. Using hybrid robotic fabrication, components are additively manufactured flat and self-shape to a pre-programmed configuration through drying. A computational design workflow including a lattice and shell-based finite element model was developed for the design of the metamaterial pattern, actuator layout, and shape prediction. The workflow was tested through physical prototypes at centimeter and meter scales. The results show an architectural scale proof of concept for self-shaping double-curved shell structures as a resource-efficient physical form generation method.
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Liu, Zhibo, Feng Han, Guoqing Ni, Tao Liang, and Miaomiao Qi. "3D Visualization of Railway Development Using GIS and BIM Techniques." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200233.
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Along with the proposal of the Belt and Road initiative, the Eurasian railway lines with China and Russia as the center are entering a new era of strategic coordination. Thus, carrying out digital location design with modern mapping information technology has become a necessary means for improving railway locating efficiency and quality. Employing the GIS-based large 3D strip terrain modeling approach and its application, the present study takes consideration in factors such as slope, relief, geological disasters, and locating-influencing surface features so as to construct the most economically efficient routes and form the optimal GIS-based plans and decisions. Specific railway lines undergo BIM locating design with an integrated use of Civil 3D and Infraworks360 software. Line modeling and earthwork calculation are conducted in the Civil 3D-based terrain curvature. Moreover, line model is imported into Infraworks360 to achieve a 3D roaming demonstration. A 3D visualized implementation of railway location design is made possible using GIS+BIM approach that improves locating efficiency and design quality.
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Abou Diakité, Abdoulaye, and Sisi Zlatanova. "Valid Space Description in BIM for 3D Indoor Navigation." In Architecture and Design. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7314-2.ch025.
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The BIM paradigm, supplied by appropriate standards like IFC, became unavoidable in recent construction projects. Several applications (e.g. indoor navigation, energy analysis ...) find in it a source of information on which they can rely. However, practices reveal that BIM models are not always directly reliable for applications and the latter have to ensure the validity of the data by their own. In the case of indoor navigation, the calculations will highly rely on the IfcSpace objects describing the rooms, in addition to their spatial relationships with their surrounding components. Unfortunately, it is common to face IFC models in which IfcSpace objects contain wrong geometric and topological description. In this paper, the authors discuss the issues related to BIM models validation for indoor navigation. Furthermore, they present a method to generate valid indoor spaces in IFC models. The approach relies on the structural components of the building (walls, slabs, etc.) and uses topological operations, supported by the combinatorial map data structure, to produce watertight space volumes.
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Goher, Kamran, Essam Shehab, Ahmad Al-Ashaab, and Shoaib Sarfraz. "Uncertainties in Adoption of Model-Based Definition and Enterprise for High-Value Manufacturing." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210061.
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The world is adopting digital technologies at a rapid pace which are the key enablers to improve every walk of life in the modern era. This quest for digitization has equal rigor within the manufacturing industry. 2D drawings have been used historically to define the specifications of a product for manufacturing. The evolution in digital technologies has made it possible to improve the way of representing these specifications in the form of 3D models which is known as Model-Based Definition (MBD). However, the 2D representation is still the authoritative source within the industry for engineering definition and related documents in the product lifecycle. Though MBD has been adopted in design, discrete part manufacturing, and inspection stages to some extent, the industry heavily relies on the conventional 2D representation of product definition. The digitization process of product definition lies within the adoption of MBD as the authoritative source for all the enterprise activities which is referred to as Model- based Enterprise (MBE). However, there are several uncertainties and risks in this process. In this work, it is ascertained to formulate the key uncertainties in the transformation towards MBD/E. These uncertainties are categorized and analyzed further for visualization.
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Unruh, Jeffrey. "Upper plate deformation during blueschist exhumation, ancestral western California forearc basin, from stratigraphic and structural relationships at Mount Diablo and in the Rio Vista Basin." In Regional Geology of Mount Diablo, California: Its Tectonic Evolution on the North America Plate Boundary. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1217(10).
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ABSTRACT Late Cenozoic growth of the Mount Diablo anticline in the eastern San Francisco Bay area, California, USA, has produced unique 3D exposures of stratigraphic relationships and normal faults that record Late Cretaceous uplift and early Tertiary extension in the ancestral California forearc basin. Several early Tertiary normal faults on the northeast flank of Mount Diablo have been correlated with structures that accommodated Paleogene subsidence of the now-buried Rio Vista basin north of Mount Diablo. Stepwise restoration of deformation at Mount Diablo reveals that the normal faults probably root into the “Mount Diablo fault,” a structure that juxtaposes blueschist-facies rocks of the Franciscan accretionary complex with attenuated remnants of the ophiolitic forearc basement and relatively unmetamorphosed marine forearc sediments. This structure is the local equivalent of the Coast Range fault, which is the regional contact between high-pressure Franciscan rocks and structurally overlying forearc basement in the northern Coast Ranges and Diablo Range, and it is folded about the axis of the Mount Diablo anticline. Apatite fission-track analyses indicate that the Franciscan rocks at Mount Diablo were exhumed and cooled from depths of 20+ km in the subduction zone between ca. 70−50 Ma. Angular unconformities and growth relations in the Cretaceous and Paleogene stratigraphic sections on the northeast side of Mount Diablo, and in the Rio Vista basin to the north, indicate that wholesale uplift, eastward tilting, and extension of the western forearc basin were coeval with blueschist exhumation. Previous workers have interpreted the structural relief associated with this uplift and tilting, as well as the appearance of Franciscan blueschist detritus in Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary forearc strata, as evidence for an “ancestral Mount Diablo high,” an emergent Franciscan highland bordering the forearc basin to the west. This outer-arc high is here interpreted to be the uplifted footwall of Coast Range fault. The stratigraphic and structural relations exposed at Mount Diablo support models for exposure of Franciscan blueschists primarily through syn-subduction extension and attenuation of the overlying forearc crust in the hanging wall of the Coast Range fault, accompanied by (local?) uplift and erosion of the exhumed accretionary prism in the footwall.
Conference papers on the topic "3D relief model"
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Gardiner, Jeremy. "3D LIDAR Rapid Prototype Relief Model of the Jurassic Coast." In Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS Learning & Development, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/eva2016.59.
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Anwar, Ali A., William Dempster, and Yevgen Gorash. "3D Micro-Macro Fluid-Structure Model of Pressure Relief Valve Leak Tightness." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65403.
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Controlling and assessing the leak tightness of a Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) has been a challenge since the original design of the product. With more stringent demands from the nuclear power industry for leakproof PRV’s, closer to the set point, there has been a drive by both industry and academia for a better design method for many known metal-to-metal contacting seal/surface problems. This paper outlines a numerical modelling strategy drawn from industry experience and metrology measurements and investigates the effects of lapping and surface finish on leakage rate. Key influencing parameters of surface form, waviness and roughness are incorporated in the analysis. The numerical approach requires efficient coupling of a non-linear structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver. This allows the examination of the relationship between deformation of the contacting surfaces, based on the applied spring force, and the resulting micro-flow of gas through any available gaps and the overall leakage to be found. The API527 Seat Tightness methodology is followed to allow leakage rates to be measured and the computational model to be preliminarily validated. Using this model, engineers can adjust and optimise the design of pressure relief valves to find the minimal leakage condition for a given configuration. In addition, the numerical approach can potentially be applied to other metal-to-metal contacting surface components, such as flanges with metal gaskets, and help eliminate leakage.
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Tseng, Yung-Ling, and Sheng-Luen Chung. "Profile conversion of a picture into a 3D model reminiscent of low relief for 3D-printing." In 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6897110.
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Altare, Giorgio, Massimo Rundo, and Micaela Olivetti. "3D Dynamic Simulation of a Flow Force Compensated Pressure Relief Valve." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65624.
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The paper deals with the 3D and 0D simulation of a conical popped pressure relief valve with flow force compensation. The commercial CFD code PumpLinx® was used to create a dynamic model of the valve and the interaction between the poppet dynamics and pressure field was taken into account. The model is able to determine the equilibrium position of the poppet in order to estimate the regulated pressure as function of the flow rate. A good agreement with the experimental data was found in the evaluation of the effect of the flow force compensation. Once validated, the CFD code was used to study the influence of the deflector geometry on the opening force. Moreover it was also used for determining some proper data to be supplied as input to a lumped parameters model of the valve. The tuning of the 0D model involved the discharge coefficient and the flow force. For the evaluation of the flow force compensation, a lookup table was calculated by the CFD code and then interpolated in the 0D model as function of the poppet displacement and of the flow rate.
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Yang, Yunchao, Alexis Lefebvre, Ge-Cheng Zha, et al. "High Fidelity Simulation of Safety Relief Valve Internal Flows." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45588.
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This paper presents a numerical methodology and simulation for three-dimensional transonic flow in Safety Relief Valves. Simulation of safety relief valve flows is very challenging due to complex flow paths, high pressure variation, supersonic flow with shock and expansion waves, boundary layers, etc. The 3D unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations with one-equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used. A fifth order WENO scheme for the inviscid flux and a second order central differencing for the viscous terms are employed to discretize the Navier-Stokes equations. The low diffusion E-CUSP scheme used as the approximate Riemann solver suggested by Zha et al. is utilized with the WENO scheme to evaluate the inviscid fluxes. Implicit time marching method with 2nd order temporal accuracy using Gauss-Seidel line relaxation is employed to achieve a fast convergence rate. Parallel computing is implemented to save wall clock simulation time. The valve flows with air under different inlet pressures and temperatures are successfully simulated for the full geometry with all the fine leakage channels. A 3D mesh topology is generated for the complex geometry. Detailed simulations of air flow are accomplished with inlet gauge pressure 0.5MPa and 2.1MPa. The simulated air mass flow rate agrees excellently with the experimental results with an error of 0.26% for the inlet pressure of 0.5Mpa, and an error of 2.5% for the inlet pressure of 2.1MPa. The shock waves and expansion waves downstream of the orifice are very well resolved.
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Fornaciari, Andrea, Barbara Zardin, Massimo Borghi, and Michele Ceriola. "Analysis of the Flow Force Compensation in Relief Valves With Conical Poppet." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2759.
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Abstract The paper deals with experimental tests and numerical simulations (3D and 0D fluid-dynamic modelling) of a conical poppet pressure relief valve with flow force compensation. The aim of the study was to realize a dynamic model of the valve, able to consider the effect of the pressure force, which arises downstream the metering edge and is determined by both the flow forces and the pressure recovery on the flow deflector. Starting from a 3D-CFD model, it was possible to study the interaction between the poppet opening and the pressure field, in order to evaluate the total pressure force as a function of the poppet displacement. The contribution of the pressure recovered on the deflector was separated from the traditional flow force and then parametrized as a function of some geometric features. It was then possible to develop a 0D fluid-dynamic model that is suitable not only for the considered valve but also for valves with similar geometries. Lastly, the model was validated using experimental data acquired on test bench for three different valves. The comparison of the predicted flow-pressure characteristics with the experimental ones indeed showed a good result matching. This model can also lead towards design considerations to study the behaviour of a larger number of valve geometries.
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Zhao, Chengbi, Ming Ma, and Owen Hughes. "Applying Strip Theory Based Linear Seakeeping Loads to 3D Full Ship Finite Element Models." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10124.
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Panel based hydrodynamic analyses are well suited for transferring seakeeping loads to 3D FEM structural models. However, 3D panel based hydrodynamic analyses are computationally expensive. For monohull ships, methods based on strip theory have been successfully used in industry for many years. They are computationally efficient, and they provide good prediction for motions and hull girder loads. However, many strip theory methods provide only hull girder sectional forces and moments, such as vertical bending moment and vertical shear force, which are difficult to apply to 3D finite element structural models. For the few codes which do output panel pressure, transferring the pressure map from a hydrodynamic model to the corresponding 3D finite element model often results in an unbalanced structural model because of the pressure interpolation discrepancy. To obtain equilibrium of an imbalanced structural model, a common practice is to use the “inertia relief” approach to rebalance the model. However, this type of balancing causes a change in the hull girder load distribution, which in turn could cause inaccuracies in an extreme load analysis (ELA) and a spectral fatigue analysis (SFA). This paper presents a method of applying strip theory based linear seakeeping pressure loads to balance 3D finite element models without using inertia relief. The velocity potential of strip sections is first calculated based on hydrodynamic strip theories. The velocity potential of a finite element panel is obtained from the interpolation of the velocity potential of the strip sections. The potential derivative along x-direction is computed using the approach proposed by Salvesen, Tuck and Faltinsen. The hydrodynamic forces and moments are computed using direct panel pressure integration from the finite element structural panel. For forces and moments which cannot be directly converted from pressure, such as hydrostatic restoring force and diffraction force, element nodal forces are generated using Quadratic Programing. The equations of motions are then formulated based on the finite element wetted panels. The method results in a perfectly balanced structural model.
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Song, Bing, J. J. Roger Cheng, Dave H. Chan, and Joe Zhou. "Numerical Simulation of Stress Relief of Buried Pipeline at Pembina River Crossing." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10597.
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Pipelines in operation often experience various loadings due to operational and environmental conditions. Large strain may be accumulated in the pipes under these loadings, and it may eventually induce local buckling or even fractures on the pipes. It is a common practice that a stress relief procedure is applied to a pipe by removing the soil around the pipe, allowing the pipe to spring back to a zero load state. The frequency of stress relief procedure is dependent on the severity of loading and soil conditions. This project is intended to study the behavior of buried pipes subjected to repeated stress relief procedures. The buried pipeline at Pembina River Crossing in Lodgepole, Alberta was simulated using the finite element method and the results were compared with field measured data. The pipeline at Pembina River Cross is situated at the active soil movement locations. A finite element model was developed to simulate the slope movement and the pipeline response. The correlation between soil movement and precipitation was investigated. With shell elements for pipe, 3D-solid elements for soil, this model captures the global and local behavior of pipeline. Soil-pipe interaction was simulated by setting a weak layer of soil surrounding the pipeline. The model incorporates nonlinear material, slope soil creep and water table change. Modified Drucker-Prager Cap Model was applied to soils based on direct shear test results. The finite element model was calibrated by slope indicator data and strain gauge data with satisfactory agreement. The model was used to simulate the strain accumulation and the stress relief in the pipeline, before and after the stress relief operation. Reasonable agreement was achieved when compared to the field data. The model can be used to further understand the behavior of pipe under repeated soil movement and stress relief procedure. It can also be used to develop the optimum stress relief procedure and operating schedule.
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Zheng, Gang, Feng Shen, Yi Peng, Fang Wu, Jundong Wang, and Lipei Chen. "A III+ Generation Pressurizer Stress Analysis and Evaluation." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63415.
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A large scale pressurizer is used in III+ generation Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) which requires a high safety standard. The finite element method was adopted in this study to analyse and evaluate a III+ NPP pressurizer. A 2D integral symmetric model was created for the Upper Head, Lower Head and Shell which comprise the pressurizer. The typical Safety Relief Nozzle was selected to be representative of the nozzles in this analysis. A 3D local model was created for the Safety Relief Nozzle. The pressurizer was loaded under design condition to test its structure integrity and was further evaluated by American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME B&PVC) [1]. Furthermore, a model optimization method was proposed for the 3D nozzle model under ANSYS Workbench. The results showed that the pressurizer stress analysis fully met the ASME B&PVC criteria under design condition. The model optimization method was demonstrated to be valid and could be used for nozzle analysis and evaluation.
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Renaud, Anderson, Jianwen Hu, Feng Qin, and Kevin Chou. "Numerical Simulations of 3D Tool Geometry Effects on Deposition Stresses in Diamond Coated Cutting Tools." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72204.
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Diamond-coated cutting tools are attractive alternatives to polycrystalline diamond tools for machining lightweight, high-strength components made of advanced materials such as composites. However, residual stresses induced by the diamond deposition process, due to thermal mismatch between diamond and the substrate, significantly impact the coating-substrate adhesion, and thus, the tool performance in machining. Moreover, the tool geometry, particularly at the very tip, complicates the stress fields because of the sharp geometry changes. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of critical tool geometry parameters on the residual stress augmentations in diamond coated cutting tools. In this study, computer-aided design (CAD) software was used to create the solid model of various tool geometries. It was used to create an accurate model of the tool, which emulates each aspect of the tool geometry, e.g., as small as 5-micron edge radius on a 12.7-mm tool. The solid model was then exported to finite element analysis (FEA) software for 3D simulations of residual stresses generated in the tool with given deposition conditions. The obtained stress data was transformed to evaluate the interface stress profiles around the tool edges. To systematically investigate the tool geometry effects, a test matrix, determined using the design of experiments approach, includes 4 factors (edge radius, relief angle, corner radius, and corner angle) and 2 levels with a full factorial design. Analysis of variance was performed to quantitatively reveal the significant factors and interactions between the factors that dominate the stress concentrations. Results are summarized as follows. (1) The cutting edge radius is the most significant factor to the interface stresses. (2) For a 5 μm edge radius, the radial normal stress (σΓ) increases from 0 at the top uniform surface to about 1.5 GPa in tension, and the circumferential normal stress (σθ) increases from around 3.0 GPa in compression to over 3.7 GPa. (3) The corner radius is of secondary importance to σΓ, and the relief angle is of secondary importance to σθ.
Reports on the topic "3D relief model"
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Tsai, Frank, Navid Jafari, Ye-Hong Chen, and Jack Cadigan. Three-dimensional underseepage evaluation for Profit Island vicinity levee, north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44220.
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This project developed a three-dimensional (3D) seepage model to evaluate efficiency of 84 relief wells and factors of safety (FoS) along the Profit Island vicinity levee (PIVL), north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The PIVL model was built based on US Geological Survey MODFLOW-USG. Moreover, a 3D seepage model of RocScience RS3 was also built for a specific study of relief well experiments conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the 1930s and 1940s. The PIVL model was calibrated with measured piezometric head data and relief well flow rates in 1997. Six flood scenarios were conducted: the extreme flood (56 feet), design flood (52.4 feet), 1997 flood (50 feet), 2008 flood (49.22 feet), 2017 flood (45.55 feet), and 2018 flood (49.1 feet). The modeling results show that FoS are all above 1.5 given relief wells at the 1997 design condition. FoS calculated by the blanket theory are more conservative than those by the PIVL model because designed discharge rates were not observed in the field. In comparison with measured flow rates in 2008, the PIVL modeling result indicates potential clogging at many relief wells. New piezometric data and well discharge data are recommended to re-evaluate factors of safety.
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Ravazdezh, Faezeh, Julio A. Ramirez, and Ghadir Haikal. Improved Live Load Distribution Factors for Use in Load Rating of Older Slab and T-Beam Reinforced Concrete Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317303.
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This report describes a methodology for demand estimate through the improvement of load distribution factors in reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges. The proposed distribution factors are supported on three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) analysis tools. The Conventional Load Rating (CLR) method currently in use by INDOT relies on a two-dimensional (2D) analysis based on beam theory. This approach may overestimate bridge demand as the result of neglecting the presence of parapets and sidewalks present in these bridges. The 3D behavior of a bridge and its response could be better modeled through a 3D computational model by including the participation of all elements. This research aims to investigate the potential effect of railings, parapets, sidewalks, and end-diaphragms on demand evaluation for purposes of rating reinforced concrete flat-slab and T-beam bridges using 3D finite element analysis. The project goal is to improve the current lateral load distribution factor by addressing the limitations resulting from the 2D analysis and ignoring the contribution of non-structural components. Through a parametric study of the slab and T-beam bridges in Indiana, the impact of selected parameters on demand estimates was estimated, and modifications to the current load distribution factors in AASHTO were proposed.