To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 3D seismic interpretation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic '3D seismic interpretation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 30 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic '3D seismic interpretation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wu, Xinming. "3D seismic image processing for interpretation." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111868.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Extracting fault, unconformity, and horizon surfaces from a seismic image is useful for interpretation of geologic structures and stratigraphic features. Although interpretation of these surfaces has been automated to some extent by others, significant manual effort is still required for extracting each type of these geologic surfaces. I propose methods to automatically extract all the fault, unconformity, and horizon surfaces from a 3D seismic image. To a large degree, these methods just involve image processing or array processing which is achieved by efficiently solving partial differential equations. </p><p> For fault interpretation, I propose a linked data structure, which is simpler than triangle or quad meshes, to represent a fault surface. In this simple data structure, each sample of a fault corresponds to exactly one image sample. Using this linked data structure, I extract complete and intersecting fault surfaces without holes from 3D seismic images. I use the same structure in subsequent processing to estimate fault slip vectors. I further propose two methods, using precomputed fault surfaces and slips, to undo faulting in seismic images by simultaneously moving fault blocks and faults themselves. </p><p> For unconformity interpretation, I first propose a new method to compute a unconformity likelihood image that highlights both the termination areas and the corresponding parallel unconformities and correlative conformities. I then extract unconformity surfaces from the likelihood image and use these surfaces as constraints to more accurately estimate seismic normal vectors that are discontinuous near the unconformities. Finally, I use the estimated normal vectors and use the unconformities as constraints to compute a flattened image, in which seismic reflectors are all flat and vertical gaps correspond to the unconformities. Horizon extraction is straightforward after computing a map of image flattening; we can first extract horizontal slices in the flattened space and then map these slices back to the original space to obtain the curved seismic horizon surfaces. </p><p> The fault and unconformity processing methods above facilitate automatic flattening and horizon extraction by providing an unfaulted image with continuous reflectors across faults and unconformities as constraints for an automatic flattening method. However, human interaction is still desirable for flattening and horizon extraction because of limitations in seismic imaging and computing systems, but the interaction can be enhanced. Instead of picking or tracking horizons one at a time, I propose a method to compute a volume of horizons that honor interpreted constraints, specified as sets of control points in a seismic image. I incorporate the control points with simple constraint preconditioners in the conjugate gradient method used to compute horizons.</p>
2
Akbar, Omar. "3D Seismic Interpretation of Turbidite-Sands from the Gulf of Mexico." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/286.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis interprets and maps some key stratigraphic and structural elements of Garden Bank (GB) Block 191 applying both geological and geophysical techniques. The area is located in the Gulf of Mexico 160 miles southwest of Lafayette. Threedimensional seismic data and some well logs were integrated and analyzed to construct a reasonable geological subsurface image. GeoFrame software from Schlumberger was used in this research. A spatial attention was given to salt diapers. Their influence on sand accumulations and hydrocarbon traps were investigated. Two Pleistocene sands accumulations (4500-ft & 8500-ft) were examine thoroughly in this research. Time and amplitude maps were produced. In addition, a wave-theoretical model that describes salt tectonic activities within the area was reconstructed in order to understand the influence of these dynamical forces on the overlaying strata.
3
Caetano, Esperanca Luisa. "3D seismic interpretation in a deep-water depositional environment from Lower Congo Basin." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22744.
Full textAbstract:
This Master of Science (M.Sc.) thesis focuses on the detailed characterization and interpretation of deep-water depositional system within Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola. The application of seismic geomorphology has helped decipher and characterize complex sedimentary architectures, and identify a rage of geomorphic elements including channel complexes, sedimentary waves and mass transport deposits. Mapping these features using 3D visualization techniques and workflows facilitates a more detailed understanding of how depositional geometry responds to spatial and temporal variations in tectonic deformation, and subsidence and the creation or destruction of accommodation and sediment supply. Ultimately, this approach illustrates how in data limited environments, the effective integration of seismic stratigraphy and geomorphology is key to the reduction of uncertainty with respect, to reservoir prediction and connectivity in exploration.
4
Rowe, Craig A. "A novel 3D transition zone seismic survey, Shoal Point, Port au Port Peninsula, Newfoundland : seismic data processing and interpretation /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,59416.
Full text
5
Afsar, Fatima. "ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2D/3D SEISMIC DATA OVER DHURNAL OIL FIELD, NORTHERN PAKISTAN." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202565.
Full textAbstract:
The study area, Dhurnal oil field, is located 74 km southwest of Islamabad in the Potwar basin of Pakistan. Discovered in March 1984, the field was developed with four producing wells and three water injection wells. Three main limestone reservoirs of Eocene and Paleocene ages are present in this field. These limestone reservoirs are tectonically fractured and all the production is derived from these fractures. The overlying claystone formation of Miocene age provides vertical and lateral seal to the Paleocene and Permian carbonates. The field started production in May 1984, reaching a maximum rate of 19370 BOPD in November 1989. Currently Dhurnal‐1 (D-1) and Dhurnal‐6 (D-6) wells are producing 135 BOPD and 0.65 MMCF/D gas. The field has depleted after producing over 50 million Bbls of oil and 130 BCF of gas from naturally fractured low energy shelf carbonates of the Eocene, Paleocene and Permian reservoirs. Preliminary geological and geophysical data evaluation of Dhurnal field revealed the presence of an up-dip anticlinal structure between D-1 and D-6 wells, seen on new 2003 reprocessed data. However, this structural impression is not observed on old 1987 processed data. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate old and new reprocessed data in order to identify possible factors affecting the structural configuration. For this purpose, a detailed interpretation of old and new reprocessed data is carried out and results clearly demonstrate that structural compartmentalization exists in Dhurnal field (based on 2003 data). Therefore, to further analyse the available data sets, processing sequences pertaining to both vintages have been examined. After great effort and detailed investigation, it is concluded that the major parameter giving rise to this data discrepancy is the velocity analysis done with different gridding intervals. The detailed and dense velocity analysis carried out on the data in 2003 was able to image the subtle anticlinal feature, which was missed on the 1987 processed seismic data due to sparse gridding. In addition to this, about 105 sq.km 3D seismic data recently (2009) acquired by Ocean Pakistan Limited (OPL) is also interpreted in this project to gain greater confidence on the results. The 3D geophysical interpretation confirmed the findings and aided in accurately mapping the remaining hydrocarbon potential of Dhurnal field.
6
Frey-Martinez, Jose. "3D seismic interpretation of soft-sediment deformational processes offshore Israel : implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55983/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis uses a combination of industry seismic (2D and 3D) and well data to investigate the typologies, genetics and mechanisms of soft-sediment deformational processes on the continental margin of Israel and their impact on the exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Research has been focused on the two major types of soft-sediment deformation in the region: clastic diapirism and submarine slope instability (i.e. submarine slumping). Such processes have occurred almost continuously throughout the post-Messinian history of the Israeli margin, and have played a critical role in its overall evolution and construction. Detailed analysis of the timing of occurrence, areal distribution and 3D appearance of the resultant structures has enabled an enhanced understanding of the causes, processes and results of soft- sediment deformational events to be obtained. Clastic diapirism occurred during the first stages of refilling of the Mediterranean Sea after the Messinian Salinity Crisis, and was restricted to an area underlain by the Afiq Submarine Canyon (Oligocene in origin). The resultant bodies correspond to a series of four-way dip mounded features, and ridge-like structures that are mainly distributed along the axis and one of the flanks of the canyon, respectively. Seismicity and hydrocarbon generation have been proposed here as the main triggering mechanisms. Clastic diapirism plays a decisive role in the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the region as it largely modifies the reservoir properties and architectures of the largest accumulations of hydrocarbons discovered to date in Israel. Submarine slope instability (i.e. submarine slumping) is the second dominant typology of soft-sediment deformation in the continental margin of Israel. Submarine slumping initiated during the Late Pliocene with the Israel Slump Complex (ISC), one of the biggest submarine slump deposits in the world described to date. Since then, slope failure has occurred almost continually up to the present day. Submarine failure in the area is linked to the dynamics of subsidence and deformation of the transform margin of the eastern Mediterranean. Seismicity and presence of gas in the sediments, together with localised oversteepening, have been proposed as the main triggering mechanisms. The high spatial resolution provided by the 3D seismic data has enabled two principal types of submarine landslides to be distinguished according to their mechanism of frontal emplacement: frontally confined and emergent. In the first, the landslide undergoes a restricted downslope displacement and does not overrun the undeformed downslope strata. In the second significant downslope translation occurs since the landslide is able to abandon its original basal shear surface and translate freely over the seafloor. Such division is of critical importance as the formational mechanisms, and processes of translation and cessation are fundamentally different.
7
Barker, Abram Max. "An Integrated Well Log and 3D Seismic Interpretation of Missourian Clinoforms, Osage County, Oklahoma." Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981180.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Integrated analysis of well and geophysical data can provide detailed geologic interpretation of the subsurface in Osage County, Oklahoma. Systems tracts and depositional system successions can be interpreted at marginal seismic resolution using well log motif with seismic reflector character within a depositional context. Shelf-prism and subaqueous, delta-scale clinoforms of Missourian age observed in 3D seismic were interpreted with greater sequence stratigraphic detail when coupled with wireline well logs. The Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Sea was thought to be approximately 150 feet average depth across the southern Midcontinent during the Missourian Stage, and deepen towards the Arkoma and Anadarko Basins to the south. Here we show that the Late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent Sea floor was in water depths greater than 600 feet and sloped to the southeast, toward major, southern basins, during the Missourian Stage in Osage County. Shelf-prism and delta scale clinoforms up to 600 and 300 feet of relief, respectively, were observed in paired seismic and well log cross sections, thickness maps, and structure maps dipping northwest at 052° strike, upon a basin floor dipping southeast at 253° strike. Lithologic and sequence stratigraphic interpretation revealed a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system comprising of delta, offshore shelf, and carbonate buildup depositional systems of mesothem, 3rd order sequence magnitude. The observed succession included: 1) falling stage to lowstand, sand-prone, subaqueous delta, 2) transgressive to highstand offshore shelf and carbonate bank, and 3) falling stage delta. The depositional sucession demonstrates how carbonate banks related spatially to terrigenous sediment input in northeastern Oklahoma during the Late Pennsylvanian because of glacio-eustasy and possible tectonism.</p><p>
8
Lamb, Rachel. "Quaternary environments of the central North Sea from basin-wide 3D seismic data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quaternary-environments-of-the-central-north-sea-from-basinwide-3d-seismic-data(e7b26bab-8e0f-4403-b4c5-aee201ac6843).html.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change during the last 2.5 million years is characterised by glacial-interglacial cycles of fluctuating sea level and temperature increasing in magnitude and duration towards the present day. The central North Sea preserves these glacial-interglacial cycles in an expanded sedimentary sequence creating a high resolution palaeo-climatic record. Basin-wide, low-resolution 3D seismic data, covering more than 80,000 km2 of the central North Sea, is combined with high-resolution, broadband 3D seismic, regional 2D seismic and local ultra-high resolution seismic from the Dogger Bank windfarm development zone in order to investigate in full the sedimentary sequence. The evolution of the basin is analysed along with the preserved geomorphological landforms in order to build a framework for the development of the North Sea and its changing palaeo-environments from the inception of the Quaternary (2.58 Ma) until the extensive glacial unconformity formed during the Elsterian (0.48 Ma).At the onset of the Quaternary the structure of the North Sea was that of an elongate marine basin, rapidly infilled from the south by continued progradation of the large clinoformal deposits of the southern North Sea deltaic system. The basin rapidly decreased in extent and depth however it was not until around 1.1 Ma that the broad, shallow shelf of the present day was fully established. A revision of the current seismic stratigraphy is proposed, identifying four new Members within the Aberdeen Ground Formation taking into account the development of the basin through time. Powerful downslope gravity currents dominated the basin during much of the early Quaternary, although a well-established, anti-clockwise tidal gyre acted to gently modify the gravity currents. Iceberg scouring was nearly continual from the onset of the Quaternary until grounded ice sheets began to penetrate into the basin from 1.7 Ma, more than half a million years before any previous estimates. Effects of confluence of the British and Fennoscandian ice sheets are observed from 1.3 Ma. The tunnel valleys of the Dogger Bank represent a continuation of the North Sea tunnel valley network, interacting with both older glaciotectonic thrusting and younger glaciotectonic folded deformation.
9
Bartolomeu, Ines Gomes. "3D seismic interpretation in a deep-marine depositional environment from Lower Congo Basin offshore Angola." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22743.
Full textAbstract:
3D seismic data from the offshore Congo Basin, Angola has been performed in order to do geological interpretation of deep-marine deposits and understand the depositional system in the basin. Architectural elements, such as submarine channels, were mapped to see the geomorphologic characteristic. The interpretation was done by dividing the seismic section into three stratigraphic units that are bounded by horizons interpreted. In order to help the interpretation, surface maps, isopach and attribute maps were extracted and the time slices was also displayed to show the channels migration. Analyses of the channelized depositional environments reveal two distinct depositional styles and results morphologies. Channels interpreted within Unit I and II are defined laterally migrating. The channels of Unit III exhibit a pronounced vertical aggradational motif.Keyword: Submarine channel, lateral channel migration, vertical aggradational channel
10
Kirkham, Christopher. "A 3D seismic interpretation of mud volcanoes within the western slope of the Nile Cone." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/90449/.
Full textAbstract:
Mud volcanoes are found within a variety of settings both terrestrial and submarine around the world. The extrusion of mud forms topographic features at the surface that are representative of the focused release of fluids and mud and overpressure. An understanding of mud volcanoes is important for numerous reasons, which include, the insight they provide into overpressure systems and the presence of hydrocarbons, and their potential as a geological hazard. The research that is presented within this thesis focuses on a large number of mud volcanoes within the western slope of the Nile Cone, Eastern Mediterranean. The analysis of these mud volcanoes is based on interpretation using 3D seismic data. The core themes of this research involve analysing these mud volcanoes in order to better understand their geometry and seismic character, timing and distribution, source region and depletion zone, and understand the mechanisms behind the formation of their conduits and ultimately their extruded bodies. This research has led to the discovery of a suite of giant mud volcanoes that are irregular in shape and are among the largest to have been recorded thus far. These mud volcanoes formed directly on top of the Messinian evaporites within the western slope of the Nile Cone at the climax of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Their interpretation presents significant evidence for a major overpressure release event at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. As many as 386 smaller and conical mud volcanoes have also been interpreted within the western slope of the Nile Cone. Hosting such a large number of mud volcanoes, it could be argued that this region of the Eastern Mediterranean should be considered as amongst the largest mud volcano provinces in the world. Analysis of these mud volcano conduits, depletion zones and volumetric balance calculations, combined with evidence from published literature present a strong case for a pre-salt source for these mud volcanoes. This implies that significant volumes of mud and fluid have bypassed what many previously considered to be a near impermeable barrier.
11
Adriano, Leandro Barros. "Arcabouço tectônico do Gráben de Barra de São João, Bacia de Campos Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8514.
Full textAbstract:
O Gráben de Barra de São João, situado na região de águas rasas da Bacia de Campos, é parte integrante do Sistema de Riftes do Cenozóico, localizado na região sudeste do Brasil. Este sistema foi formado em um evento que resultou na reativação das principais zonas de cisalhamento do Pré-Cambriano do sudeste do Brasil no Paleoceno. Neste trabalho proponho um novo arcabouço estrutural para o Gráben de Barra de São João baseado na interpretação de dados gravimétricos. Dados magnéticos aéreos, dados gravimétricos, uma linha sísmica 2D e um perfil de densidades de um poço foram utilizados como vínculos na interpretação. Para a estimativa do topo do embasamento foi necessário separar o efeito das fontes profundas no dado gravimétrico (anomalia residual). Com isso, foi realizada uma modelagem 2D direta baseada na interpretação sísmica para estimar as densidades das entidades geológicas da área em questão. Após esta modelagem, foi realizada uma inversão estrutural 3D do dado gravimétrico residual a fim de recuperar a profundidade do topo do embasamento. Este fluxograma de interpretação permitiu a identificação de um complexo arcabouço estrutural com três sistemas de falhas bem definido: Falhas normais de orientação NE-SW, e um sistema de falhas transcorrentes NW-SE e E-W. Estas orientações dividem o gráben em diversos altos e baixos internos. O dado magnético aéreo corrobora esta interpretação. A existência de rochas ultra-densas e fortemente magnéticas no embasamento foram interpretadas como um ofiolito que foi provavelmente intrudido (por obducção) na época do fechamento de um oceano no Proterozóico.<br>Barra de São João Graben, shallow water Campos Basin, is part of the Tertiary rift system that runs parallel to the Brazilian continental margin. This system was formed in an event that caused the reactivation of the main Precambrian shear zones of southeastern Brazil in the Paleocene. I propose a new the structural framework of Barra São João Graben based on gravity data interpretation. Magnetic data an available 2D seismic line and a density well-log of a nearby well were used as constraints to our interpretation. To estimate the top of the basement structure we separated the gravity effects of deep-sources from the shallow basement (residual anomaly). Then, we performed a 2D modeling exercise, where we keptfixed the basement topography and the density of the sediments, to estimate the density of the basement rocks. Next, we inverted the residual anomaly to recover the depth to the top of the basement. This interpretation strategy allowed the identification of a complex structural framework with three main fault systems: NE-SW normal faults system, and a NW-SE and E-W transfer fault systems. These trends divide the graben into several internal highs and lows. The magnetic anomalies corroborate our interpretation. The existence of ultra-dense and strongly magnetized elongated bodies in the basementwere interpreted as ophiolite bodies that probably intruded by the time of the shutdown of the Proterozoic ocean.
12
Amjad, Muhammad. "Imaging Reservoir Geology of the Troll West Field in the North Sea by 3D Seismic Interpretation." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26983.
Full textAbstract:
The Troll Field is called “super giant gas field”. This is the second largest gas field of offshore Europe with its 1670 billion m3 of gas and 615 million m3 of oil initially in place. The Troll Field was discovered in 1979 and located about 80 km offshore Norway on the northwestern edge of the Horda Platform and eastern edge of the Viking graben in the water depth of 300 – 355 meter. The total area of the field is about 710 km2 and extends over four Norwegian Blocks (31/2, 31/3, 31/5 and 31/6).The reservoir successions contain the Sognefjord, Fensfjord, Heather and Krossfjord Formations of the Jurassic Viking Group. Deposition occurred as a cyclic sequence of shallow marine sand stone with alternations of transgressive and regressive shoreface facies. The main goal of this study is detailed integrated seismic and well data study of reservoir units to determine the reservoir distribution and depositional environments.The main reservoir unit is the Sognefjord Formation and contains about 90% of the field hydrocarbon reserves. This Formation is seismically characterized by low angle clinoforms and the seismic data shows westward Progradation. The Flat Spot is the prominent characteristic of the seismic data. The Sognefjord, Fensfjord, and Krossfjord formations interpreted as tide, wave and fluvial dominated environment.
13
Singh, Paritosh. "Processing, inversion, and interpretation of 9C-3D seismic data for characterizing the Morrow A sandstone, Postle Field, Oklahoma." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559234.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Detection of Morrow A sandstones is a major problem in the exploration of new fields and the characterization of existing fields because they are very thin and laterally discontinuous. The present research shows the advantages of S-wave data in detecting and characterizing the Morrow A sandstone. Full-waveform modeling is done to understand the sandstone signature in P-, PS- and S-wave gathers. The sandstone shows a distinct high-amplitude event in pure S-wave reflections as compared to the weaker P- and PS-wave events. Modeling also helps in understanding the effect of changing sandstone thickness, interbed multiples (generated by shallow high-velocity anhydrite layers) and sidelobe interference effect (due to Morrow shale) at the Morrow A level. </p><p> Multicomponent data need proper care while processing, especially the S-wave data which are aected by the near-surface complexity. Cross-spread geometry and 3D FK filtering are effective in removing the low-velocity noise trends. The S-wave data obtained after stripping the S-wave splitting in the overburden show improvement for imaging and reservoir property determination. Individual P- and S-wave attributes as well as their combinations have been analyzed to predict the A sandstone thickness. A multi-attribute map and collocated cokriging procedure is used to derive the seismic-guided isopach of the A sandstone. </p><p> Postle Field is undergoing CO<sub>2</sub> flooding and it is important to understand the characteristics of the reservoir for successful flood management. Density can play an important role in finding and monitoring high-quality reservoirs, and to predict reservoir porosity. prestack P- and S-wave AVO inversion and joint P- and S-wave inversion provide density estimates along with the P- and S-impedance for better characterization of the Morrow A sandstone. The research provides a detailed multicomponent processing, inversion and interpretation work flow for reservoir characterization, which can be used for exploration in other parts of the world as well.</p>
14
Mejias, Mariela. "A Geological Interpretation of 3D Seismic Data of a Salt Structure and Subsalt Horizons in the Mississippi Canyon Subdivision of the Gulf of Mexico." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/438.
Full textAbstract:
The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) represents a challenge for exploration and production. Most of the sediments coming from North America has bypassed the shelf margin into Deep Water. In an Attempt to attack this challenge this thesis pretends to break the GOM's false bottom, mainly comprised by diverse salt structures and growth fault families. In this attempt, geological and geophysical data are integrated to find clues to potential hydrocarbons indicator (PHI) that could be of Reservoir Quality (RQ). 3D Pre stack depth migrated data comprised of Mississippi Canyon blocks, were interpreted: Top and base of salt, leading to the identification of a PHI represented by a consistent Amplitude Anomaly (AA) below and towards a salt structure. This AA may be of RQ and feasibility evaluation for further decisions may be taken. Following the structural sequences that Govern central GOM during Oligocene through out Miocene was important to support the results.
15
Cindi, Brian Msizi. "3-D Seismic structural interpretation : insights to thrust faulting and paleo-stress field distribution in the deep offshore Orange Basin, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5548.
Full textAbstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>The Orange Basin provides exceptional 3-D structures of folds and faults generated during soft-sediment slumping and deformation which is progressive in nature. 3-D seismic and structural evaluation techniques have been used to understand the geometric architecture of the gravity collapse structures. The location of the seismic surveyed area is approximately 370 km northwest of the Port of Saldanha. The interpretation of gravitational tectonics indicate significant amount of deformation that is not accounted for in the imaged thrust belt structure. The Study area covers 8200 square kilometre (km²) of the total 130 000 km² area of the Orange Basin offshore South Africa. The south parts of the Study area are largely featureless towards the shelf area. The north has chaotic seismic facies as the result of an increase in thrust faults in seismic facies 2. Episodic gravitational collapse system of the Orange Basin margin characterizes the late Cretaceous post-rift evolution. This Study area shows that implications of stress field and thrust faulting to the thickness change by gravity collapse systems are not only the result of geological processes such as rapid sedimentation, margin uplift and subsidence, but also could have occurred as the result of the possible meteorite impact. These processes caused gravitational potential energy contrast and created gravity collapse features that are observed between 3000-4500ms TWT intervals in the seismic data.<br>Shell Exploration & Production Company
16
Huang, Fei. "3D Time-lapse Analysis of Seismic Reflection Data to Characterize the Reservoir at the Ketzin CO2 Storage Pilot Site." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301003.
Full textAbstract:
3D time-lapse seismics, also known as 4D seismics, have great potential for monitoring the migration of CO2 at underground storage sites. This thesis focuses on time-lapse analysis of 3D seismic reflection data acquired at the Ketzin CO2 geological storage site in order to improve understanding of the reservoir and how CO2 migrates within it. Four 3D seismic surveys have been acquired to date at the site, one baseline survey in 2005 prior to injection, two repeat surveys in 2009 and 2012 during the injection period, and one post-injection survey in 2015. To accurately simulate time-lapse seismic signatures in the subsurface, detailed 3D seismic property models for the baseline and repeat surveys were constructed by integrating borehole data and the 3D seismic data. Pseudo-boreholes between and beyond well control were built. A zero-offset convolution seismic modeling approach was used to generate synthetic time-lapse seismograms. This allowed simulations to be performed quickly and limited the introduction of artifacts in the seismic responses. Conventional seismic data have two limitations, uncertainty in detecting the CO2 plume in the reservoir and limited temporal resolution. In order to overcome these limitations, complex spectral decomposition was applied to the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Monochromatic wavelet phase and reflectivity amplitude components were decomposed from the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Wavelet phase anomalies associated with the CO2 plume were observed in the time-lapse data and verified by a series of seismic modeling studies. Tuning frequencies were determined from the balanced amplitude spectra in an attempt to discriminate between pressure effects and CO2 saturation. Quantitative assessment of the reservoir thickness and CO2 mass were performed. Time-lapse analysis on the post-injection survey was carried out and the results showed a consistent tendency with the previous repeat surveys in the CO2 migration, but with a decrease in the size of the amplitude anomaly. No systematic anomalies above the caprock were detected. Analysis of the signal to noise ratio and seismic simulations using the detailed 3D property models were performed to explain the observations. Estimation of the CO2 mass and uncertainties in it were investigated using two different approaches based on different velocity-saturation models.
17
Kardell, Dominik Alexander, and Dominik Alexander Kardell. "Volume Estimation of Rift-Related Magmatic Features using Seismic Interpretation and 3D Inversion of Gravity Data on the Guinea Plateau, West Africa." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621182.
Full textAbstract:
The two end-member concept of mantle plume-driven versus far field stress-driven continental rifting anticipates high volumes of magma emplaced close to the rift-initiating plume, whereas relatively low magmatic volumes are predicted at large distances from the plume where the rifting is thought to be driven by far field stresses. We test this concept at the Guinea Plateau, which represents the last area of separation between Africa and South America, by investigating for rift-related volumes of magmatism using borehole, 3D seismic, and gravity data to run structural 3D inversions in two different data areas. Despite our interpretation of igneous rocks spanning large areas of continental shelf covered by the available seismic surveys, the calculated volumes in the Guinea Plateau barely match the magmatic volumes of other magma-poor margins and thus endorse the aforementioned concept. While the volcanic units on the shelf seem to be characterized more dominantly by horizontally deposited extrusive volcanic flows distributed over larger areas, numerous paleo-seamounts pierce complexly deformed pre and syn-rift sedimentary units on the slope. As non-uniqueness is an omnipresent issue when using potential field data to model geologic features, our method faced some challenges in the areas exhibiting complicated geology. In this situation less rigid constraints were applied in the modeling process. The misfit issues were successfully addressed by filtering the frequency content of the gravity data according to the depth of the investigated geology. In this work, we classify and compare our volume estimates for rift-related magmatism between the Guinea Fracture Zone (FZ) and the Saint Paul's FZ while presenting the refinements applied to our modeling technique.
18
Hitz, Luzi. "Crustal structure at the transition between central and eastern Alps : processing, 3D modeling and interpretation of a network of deep seismic profiles /." Bern : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full text
19
Krawczynski, Lukasz. "Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation integrated with 3-D Seismic Attribute Analysis in an Intracratonic Setting: Toolachee Formation, Cooper Basin, Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16087/.
Full textAbstract:
This study integrates sequence stratigraphy of the Late Permian Toolachee Formation in the non-marine intracratonic Permian-Triassic Cooper Basin, Australia with 3-D seismic attribute analysis to predict the extent of depositional environments identified on wireline and well core data. The low resolution seismic data (tuning thickness 23 - 31 m) comprised of six seismic horizons allowed the successful testing of sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the productive Toolachee Formation that were based on wireline data. The analysis of 29 well logs and three 20 m core intervals resulted in the identification of eleven parasequences that comprise the building blocks of an overall transitional systems tract, characterised by a gradual increase in accommodation. The parasequences reflect cyclic transitions between braided and meandering fluvial systems as a result of fluctuations in sediment flux, possibly driven by Milankovitch climatic-forcing. The seismic horizon attribute maps image mostly the meandering fluvial bodies within the upper parts of the parasequences, but some maps image the lower amalgamated sand sheets and show no channel structures. Categorisation of the fluvial bodies in the overbank successions reflects a gradual decrease in sinuosity, channel width, and channel belt width up-section, supporting the overall increase in accommodation up-section. Similar acoustic impedance values for shales and sands do not suggest successful seismic forward modelling between the two lithologies. Geological interpretations suggest most imaged channel fill to be made up predominantly of fine sediments, as channel avulsion and abandonment is common and increases with time. Seismic forward modelling resulted in the interpretation of carbonaceous shale as a possible channel fill, supporting the geological interpretations. The three major identified fluvial styles; braided, meanders, and distributaries are potential targets for future exploration. Extensive sand sheets deposited from braided fluvial systems require structural traps for closure. Meandering and anastomosing channel systems represent excellent stratigraphic traps, such as the basal sands/gravels of laterally accreted point bars.
20
Sanchez, A. Alejandro. "3D seismic interpretation and synthetic modeling of the Atoka and Morrow formations, in the Buffalo Valley Field (Delaware Basin, New Mexico, Chaves County) for reservoir characterization using neural networks." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3739.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 134 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122).
21
Alfataierge, Ahmed. "3D Modeling and Characterization of Hydraulic Fracture Efficiency Integrated with 4D/9C Time-Lapse Seismic Interpretations in the Niobrara Formation, Wattenberg Field, Denver Basin." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10634132.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Hydrocarbon recovery rates within the Niobrara Shale are estimated as low as 2–8%. These recovery rates are controlled by the ability to effectively hydraulic fracture stimulate the reservoir using multistage horizontal wells. Subsequent to any mechanical issues that affect production from lateral wells, the variability in production performance and reserve recovery along multistage lateral shale wells is controlled by the reservoir heterogeneity and its consequent effect on hydraulic fracture stimulation efficiency. Using identical stimulation designs on a number of wells that are as close as 600ft apart can yield variable production and recovery rates due to inefficiencies in hydraulic fracture stimulation that result from the variability in elastic rock properties and in-situ stress conditions. </p><p> As a means for examining the effect of the geological heterogeneity on hydraulic fracturing and production within the Niobrara Formation, a 3D geomechanical model is derived using geostatistical methods and volumetric calculations as an input to hydraulic fracture stimulation. The 3D geomechanical model incorporates the faults, lithological facies changes and lateral variation in reservoir properties and elastic rock properties that best represent the static reservoir conditions pre-hydraulic fracturing. Using a 3D numerical reservoir simulator, a hydraulic fracture predictive model is generated and calibrated to field diagnostic measurements (DFIT) and observations (microseismic and 4D/9C multicomponent time-lapse seismic). By incorporating the geological heterogeneity into the 3D hydraulic fracture simulation, a more representative response is generated that demonstrate the variability in hydraulic fracturing efficiency along the lateral wells that will inevitability influence production performance. </p><p> Based on the 3D hydraulic fracture simulation results, integrated with microseismic observations and 4D/9C time-lapse seismic analysis (post-hydraulic fracturing & post production), the variability in production performance within the Niobrara Shale wells is shown to significantly be affected by the lateral variability in reservoir quality, well and stage positioning relative to the target interval, and the relative completion efficiency. The variation in reservoir properties, faults, rock strength parameters, and in-situ stress conditions are shown to influence and control the hydraulic fracturing geometry and stimulation efficiency resulting in complex and isolated induced fracture geometries to form within the reservoir. This consequently impacts the effective drainage areas, production performance and recovery rates from inefficiently stimulated horizontal wells. </p><p> The 3D simulation results coupled with the 4D seismic interpretations illustrate that there is still room for improvement to be made in optimizing well spacing and hydraulic fracturing efficiency within the Niobrara Formation. Integrated analysis show that the Niobrara reservoir is not uniformly stimulated. The vertical and lateral variability in rock properties control the hydraulic fracturing efficiency and geometry. Better production is also correlated to higher fracture conductivity. 4D seismic interpretation is also shown to be essential for the validation and calibration hydraulic fracture simulation models. The hydraulic fracture modeling also demonstrations that there is bypassed pay in the Niobrara B chalk resulting from initial Niobrara C chalk stimulation treatments. Forward modeling also shows that low pressure intervals within the Niobrara reservoir influence hydraulic fracturing and infill drilling during field development.</p><p>
22
Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.
Full textAbstract:
En tant que géoscientifique dans le domaine de l’Exploration pétrolière et gazière depuis une vingtaine d’années, mes fonctions professionnelles m’ont permis d’effectuer différents travaux de recherche sur la thématique de la gestion des risques et des incertitudes. Ces travaux de recherche se situent sur l’ensemble de la chaîne d’analyse Exploration, traitant de problématiques liées à l’acquisition et au traitement sismique, jusqu’au placement optimal de forages d’exploration. Un volet plus poussé de mes travaux s’est orienté sur la gestion des incertitudes géophysiques en Exploration pétrolière, là où l’incertitude est la plus importante et paradoxalement la moins travaillée.On peut regrouper mes travaux de recherche en trois grands domaines qui suivent les grandes étapes du processus Exploration : le traitement sismique, leur interprétation, et enfin l'analyse et l'extraction des différentes incertitudes qui vont nous permettre de calculer les volumes d’hydrocarbures en place et récupérables, ainsi que l’analyse de ses risques associés. L’ensemble des travaux de recherche ont été appliqués avec succès sur des cas d’études opérationnelles. Après avoir introduit quelques notions générales et détaillé les grandes étapes du processus Exploration et leur lien direct avec ces problématiques, je présenterai quatre grands projets de recherche sur un cas d’étude algérien<br>In the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset
23
Akbar, Omar Othman. "3D seismic interpretation of turbidite-sands from the Gulf of Mexico." 2005. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,260.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2005.<br>Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geology and Geophysics"--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
24
Hager, Christine Robin. "Seismic interpretation of Pennsylvanian Atokan strata using 3D seismic inversion data, Wilburton Gas Field, Arkoma Basin, Southeastern Oklahoma." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Hager_okstate_0664M_10296.pdf.
Full text
25
Hlaváčková, Šárka. "3D seismická interpretace a zpracování modelu schrattenbergského zlomového systému v oblasti Valtic." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307051.
Full textAbstract:
3D SEISMIC INTERPRETATION AND MODEL OF THE SCHRATTENBERG FAULT SYSTEM IN THE VALTICE AREA Šárka Hlaváčková Abstract The Schrattenberg normal fault system represents a dominant feature of the western margin of the Vienna Basin. Along with the Steinberg fault, they controlled the sedimentary and tectonic development of the area, and considerably participated in the deposition of the basin fill during a relatively short period of time in the Miocene. A detailed interpretation of the fault system is essential for full understanding of the local basin development and its geological architecture. The oil exploration industry targets mainly the Steinberg and Schrattenberg fault system because of the occurrences of oil and natural gas deposits that are related to the basin tectonics, which forms structural traps sealed by the main fault systems or by minor synthetic or antithetic faults. The thesis presents a geological framework of the Mistelbach block near Valtice at the western margin of the Vienna Basin. Geological interpretation includes also the fault framework modeling with the emphasis on the course of the Schrattenberg fault system. The model was built in the Petrel interpretation software with the use of the principles of the 3D seismic interpretation. In particular, seismic stratigraphy methods, Petrel...
26
Voroňáková, Jana. "Komplexní seismické atributy a jejich aplikace na data z Mistlbašské kry." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332411.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to apply complex seismic attributes on 3D seismic data from Mistelbach block area and trying to figure out whether they are useful by seismic interpretation process. The geology of Vienna basin and the characteristics of Complex seismic attributes will be discussed. The thesis also includes analysis of the Lednice 11 gas reservoir and a new potential hydrocarbon reservoir identification, both using complex seismic attributes.
27
Mkhabela, Mbali. "Integrated interpretation of 3D seismic data using seismic attributes to understand the structural control of methane occurrences at deep gold mining levels: West Wits Line Goldfield, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25123.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted to the
Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand
in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science, School of Geosciences
University of the Witwatersrand. 08 November 2017.<br>At a number of gold mines in South Africa, the presence of methane gases has been encountered when drilling into faults and/or dyke structures extending to depths beyond 4.5 km. Methane gas has been reported to have migrated through structures from within the basin to the mine working environments (~3.0 km depths) and caused explosions. The Booysens Shale is considered one of the possible source rocks for hydrocarbons and it forms the footwall to the gold-bearing Ventersdorp Contact Reef (VCR, ~ 1.5 m thick). The Booysens Shale lies at depths between 3.5 km and 4.5 km below land surface and can be best described as the base of the divergent clastic wedge which thickens westward, hosting the quartzite and conglomerate units that sub-crop against the VCR towards the east of the gold mining areas.
Geometric attributes (dip and dip azimuth) and instantaneous attributes (phase, frequency and envelope) computed for the Booysens Shale and Ventersdorp Contact Reef horizons (interpreted from 3D prestack time migrated data acquired in the Witwatersrand goldfields) provide insight into structures that extend from the Booysens Shale into the overlying mining level, the Ventersdorp Contact Reef. These attributes provide high-resolution mapping of the structures (faults, dykes, and joints) that have intersected both the Ventersdorp Contact Reef and Booysens Shale horizons. Volumetric fault analysis using the ant-tracking attribute incorporated with methane gas data also show the continuity and connections of the faults and fracture zones possibly linked to methane gas and fluid migration.
Correlation between the known occurrence of fissure water and methane with geologically- and seismically-mapped faults show that steeply dipping structures (dip>60°) are most likely to channel fracture water and methane. δ13C and δ2H isotope results suggest that the methane gas (and associated H2 and alkanes) from the goldfields, particularly along seismically delineated faults and dykes, have an abiogenic origin produced by water-rock reactions. Isotopic data derived from adjacent goldfields also suggests the possibility of mixing between microbial
hydrocarbons (characterized by highly depleted 2HCH4 values) and abiogenic gases. It is, therefore, possible that the propagation of these structures, as mapped by 3D seismics and enhanced volumetric attributes, between Booysens Shale and Ventersdorp Supergroup provide conduits for mixing of fluids and gases encountered at mining levels.
The study may provide new evidence for the notion of hydrocarbons, particularly CH4, having migrated via faults and dykes from depth, within the Witwatersrand Basin, to where they are intersected at mining levels. The research gives new insight into mixing between microbial and abiogenic end-members within hydrogeologically isolated water pockets.<br>LG2018
28
Al-Waily, Mustafa Badieh. "Depth-registration of 9-component 3-dimensional seismic data in Stephens County, Oklahoma." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25745.
Full textAbstract:
Multicomponent seismic imaging techniques improve geological interpretation by providing crucial information about subsurface characteristics. These techniques deliver different images of the same subsurface using multiple waveforms. Compressional (P) and shear (S) waves respond to lithology and fluid variations differently, providing independent measurements of rock and fluid properties. Joint interpretation of multicomponent images requires P-wave and S-wave events to be aligned in depth. The process of identifying P and S events from the same reflector is called depth-registration. The purpose of this investigation is to illustrate procedures for depth-registering P and S seismic data when the most fundamental information needed for depth-registration – reliable velocity data – are not available. This work will focus on the depth-registration of a 9-component 3-dimensional seismic dataset targeting the Sycamore formation in Stephens County, Oklahoma. The survey area – 16 square miles – is located in Sho-Vel-Tum oilfield. Processed P-P, SV-SV, and SH-SH wave data are available for post-stack analysis. However, the SV-data volume will not be interpreted because of its inferior data-quality compared to the SH-data volume. Velocity data are essential in most depth-registration techniques: they can be used to convert the seismic data from the time domain to the depth domain. However, velocity data are not available within the boundaries of the 9C/3D seismic survey. The data are located in a complex area that is folded and faulted in the northwest part of the Ardmore basin, between the eastern Arbuckle Mountains and the western Wichita Mountains. Large hydrocarbon volumes are produced from stratigraphic traps, fault closures, anticlines, and combination traps. Sho-Vel-Tum was ranked 31st in terms of proved oil reserves among U.S. oil fields by a 2009 survey. I will interpret different depth-registered horizons on the P-wave and S-wave seismic data volumes. Then, I will present several methods to verify the accuracy of event-registration. Seven depth-registered horizons are mapped through the P-P and SH-SH seismic data. These horizons show the structural complexity that imposes serious challenges on well drilling within the Sho-Vel-Tum oil field. Interval Vp/Vs – a seismic attribute often used as lithological indicator – was mapped to constrain horizon picking and to characterize lateral stratigraphic variations.<br>text
29
Hansen, Martin Bak [Verfasser]. "Structure and evolution of the northern part of the Northeast German Basin revealed from seismic interpretation and 3D structural modelling / vorgelegt von Martin Bak Hansen." 2007. http://d-nb.info/982753829/34.
Full text
30
Parker, William Floyd Jr. "Structural interpretation of Paleozoic strata as part of the transition zone in the Wilburton gas field using 3D seismic, Hartshorne, Higgins, Adamson and Gowen quadrangles, southeastern Oklahoma, Arkoma Basin /." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2244.pdf.
Full text