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Journal articles on the topic '3D simulator'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Hu, Ding Jun, Ming Liu, and Lin Gong. "Study on Watercraft Driving Simulator." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.395.

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This article describes the overall structure of the watercraft simulator. The simulator simulates the battle positions of a certain type of landing craft equipment operation, using state-of-the-art visual display and stereoscopic projection technology. Communicate with the computer simulation device through the data acquisition card (AM9110), visual 3D modeling software (3D MAX / Studio, MultiGen, etc.) to complete, three-dimensional projection system to the edge of fusion technology, and edge blending processor and projector with used to form the big-resolution three-dimensional visual field. The results show that the 225° annular three-dimensional visual field and visual field 135 ° 360 ° visual field watercrafts realistic driving simulator training and good features.

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YOSHIDA, Tomoaki, and Yoshitaka HARA. "3D Lidar Intensity Simulation for Mobile Robot Simulator." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2020 (2020): 1P2—I03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2020.1p2-i03.

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Yörük Açıkel, Birsen, Uğur Turhan, and Yavuz Akbulut. "Effect of Multitasking on Simulator Sickness and Performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training." Simulation & Gaming 49, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878117750417.

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Background. Air traffic controllers need to use their cognitive resources to cope with multiple tasks while monitoring air traffic. They are trained through advanced 3D simulators; however, they might demonstrate simulator sickness symptoms during this training. The relationship between multitasking and simulator sickness and the influence of different tasks on these variables can be investigated to inform further training practices for an efficient traffic monitoring. Purpose. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to explore the influence of different working positions and multitasking scenarios on simulator sickness and performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training. Method. Thirteen undergraduate students from a civil aviation school participated in a time-series experimental design. Nausea, disorientation and oculomotor disturbances were measured before and after conducting different multitasking scenarios in an aerodrome control simulator. A 20-item simulation performance scale was also used. Performance differences and the relationship between simulator sickness and performance were addressed through parametric tests. Results. Findings revealed that tower-ground positions created higher levels of nausea. Performance scores varied in different scenarios. Simulator sickness was higher in females. Total sickness correlated negatively with performance in all scenarios. Conclusion. Certain tasks have different influences on both simulator sickness and performance. Concurrent multitasking seems to trigger simulator sickness further. The degree of simulator adaptation, test anxiety and physiological measures of the process should be considered in further research.

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Yeo, Dong Jin, Moohyun Cha, and Duhwan Mun. "Simulating ship and buoy motions arising from ocean waves in a ship handling simulator." SIMULATION 88, no. 12 (July 16, 2012): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549712452128.

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A ship’s real-time three-dimensional (3D) visualization system, a component of a handling simulator, is one of its most important components, since realistic and intuitive image generation play an essential role in improving the effects of education using ship navigation simulators. Ship handling simulators should have capabilities of calculating ship motions (heave, pitch, and roll) at any given sea state and display the calculated motions through a real-time 3D visualization system. The motion solver of a ship handling simulator calculates those motions in addition to maneuverings for an own ship, the main simulation target, but only provides maneuvering information about traffic ships. Therefore, it is required to simulate traffic ship and buoy motions arising from ocean waves in a ship handling simulator for realistic visualization. In this paper, the authors propose a simple dynamics model by which ship and buoy motions are calculated with the input data of wave height and discuss a method for the implementation of a ship and buoy motion calculation module. The feasibility of the proposed dynamics model and the motion calculation module has been demonstrated through the development of a prototype real-time 3D visualization system based on an open-source 3D graphics engine.

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Tai, Bruce L., Deborah Rooney, Francesca Stephenson, Peng-Siang Liao, Oren Sagher, Albert J. Shih, and Luis E. Savastano. "Development of a 3D-printed external ventricular drain placement simulator: technical note." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 4 (October 2015): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.jns141867.

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In this paper, the authors present a physical model developed to simulate accurate external ventricular drain (EVD) placement with realistic haptic and visual feedbacks to serve as a platform for complete procedural training. Insertion of an EVD via ventriculostomy is a common neurosurgical procedure used to monitor intracranial pressures and/or drain CSF. Currently, realistic training tools are scarce and mainly limited to virtual reality simulation systems. The use of 3D printing technology enables the development of realistic anatomical structures and customized design for physical simulators. In this study, the authors used the advantages of 3D printing to directly build the model geometry from stealth head CT scans and build a phantom brain mold based on 3D scans of a plastinated human brain. The resultant simulator provides realistic haptic feedback during a procedure, with visualization of catheter trajectory and fluid drainage. A multiinstitutional survey was also used to prove content validity of the simulator. With minor refinement, this simulator is expected to be a cost-effective tool for training neurosurgical residents in EVD placement.

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Pennathur, S., Can K. Sandalci, Çetin K. Koç, and S. M. Goodnick. "3D Parallel Monte Carlo Simulation of GaAs MESFETs." VLSI Design 6, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1998): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/64531.

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We have investigated three-dimensional (3D) effects in sub-micron GaAs MESFETs using a parallel Monte Carlo device simulator, PMC-3D [1]. The parallel algorithm couples a standard Monte Carlo particle simulator for the Boltzmann equation with a 3D Poisson solver using spatial decomposition of the device domain onto separate processors. The scaling properties of the small signal parameters have been simulated for both the gate width in the third dimension as well as the gate length. For realistic 3D device structures, we find that the main performance bottleneck is the Poisson solver rather than the Monte Carlo particle simulator for the parallel successive overrelaxation (SOR) scheme employed in [1]. A parallel multigrid algorithm is reported and compared to the previous SOR implementation, where considerable speedup is obtained.

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Shaoul, Josef R., Aron Behr, and George Mtchedlishvili. "Developing a Tool for 3D Reservoir Simulation of Hydraulically Fractured Wells." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 01 (February 1, 2007): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/108321-pa.

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Summary This paper describes the development and capabilities of a novel and unique tool that interfaces a hydraulic fracture model and a reservoir simulator. This new tool is another step in improving both the efficiency and consistency of connecting hydraulic fracture engineering and reservoir engineering. The typical way to model hydraulically fractured wells in 3D reservoir simulators is to approximate the fracture behavior with a modified skin or productivity index (PI). Neither method captures all the important physics of flow into and through the fracture. This becomes even more critical in cases of multiphase flow and multilayered reservoirs. Modeling the cleanup phase following hydraulic fracture treatments can be very important in tight gas reservoirs, and this also requires a more detailed simulation of the fracture. Realistic modeling of horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures is another capability that is needed in the industry. This capability requires more than an approximate description of the fracture(s) in the reservoir-simulation model. To achieve all the capabilities mentioned above, a new tool was developed within a commercial lumped 3D fracture-simulation model. This new tool enables significantly more accurate prediction of post-fracture performance with a commercial reservoir simulator. The automatically generated reservoir simulator input files represent the geometry and hydraulic properties of the reservoir, the fracture, the damaged zone around the fracture, and the initial pressure and filtrate fluid distribution in the reservoir. Consistency with the fracture-simulation inputs and outputs is assured because the software automatically transfers the information. High-permeability gridblocks that capture the 2D variation of the fracture conductivity within the reservoir simulator input files represent the fracture. If the fracture width used in the reservoir model is larger than the actual fracture width, the permeability and porosity of the fracture blocks are reduced to maintain the transmissibility and porous volume of the actual fracture. Both proppant and acid fracturing are handled with this approach. To capture the changes in fracture conductivity over time as the bottomhole flowing pressure (BHFP) changes, the pressure-dependent behavior of the fracture is passed to the reservoir simulator. Local grid refinement (LGR) is used in the region of the wellbore and the fracture tip, as well as in the blocks adjacent to the fracture plane. Using small gridblocks adjacent to the fracture plane is needed for an adequate representation of the filtrate-invaded zone using the leakoff depth distribution provided by the fracture simulator. The reservoir simulator input can be created for multiphase fluid systems with multiple layers and different permeabilities. In addition, different capillary pressure and relative permeability saturation functions for each layer are allowed. Introduction Historically, there have been three basic approaches commonly used for predicting the production from hydraulically fractured wells. First, analytic solutions were most commonly used, based on an infinite-conductivity or, later, a finite-conductivity fracture with a given half-length. This approach also was extended to cover horizontal multiple fractured wells (Basquet et al. 1999). With the development of reservoir simulators, two other approaches were developed. For complicated multiwell, multilayer, multiphase simulations (i.e., full-field models), the fracture stimulation was usually approximated as a negative skin. This is the same as increasing the effective wellbore radius in the simulation model. An alternate approach, developed initially for tight gas applications, was to develop a special-purpose numeric reservoir simulator that could explicitly model the flow in the fracture and take into account the special properties of the proppant, such as the stress-dependent permeability or the possibility of non-Darcy flow. Such models typically were limited to a single-layer, single-phase (oil or gas) situation.

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Venancio Teixeira, Jônatas, and Marcelo Da Silva Hounsell. "Desenvolvimento de um Simulador 3D com Modos de Treinamento." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 39 (April 17, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n39p79-86.

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Robotics, like other courses, uses practical classes in laboratories to support the understanding of abstract theoretical concepts. Simulators are computational tools that are useful for both teaching and development, educational robotic simulators are a safe and economical alternative to conventional laboratories which otherwise would require large investments. This article presents the results of a survey of features found in educational robotic simulators, where it was verified that none of them was based on a pedagogical strategy. Then this article presents the Training Modes strategy and how it was applied in a 3D simulator. The use of this simulator proved effective in promoting the learning of introductory concepts of robotics and forward kinematics.

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Wigger, S. J., S. M. Goodnick, and M. Saraniti. "Hybrid Particle-based Full-band Analysis of Ultra-small MOS." VLSI Design 13, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2001): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/94360.

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We report on the 2D and 3D modeling of ultra-small MOS structures using a newly developed full-band device simulator. The simulation tool is based on a novel approach, featuring a hybrid Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC)-Cellular Automata (CA) simulation engine. In this hybrid approach charge transport is simulated using the CA in regions of momentum space where most scattering events occur and the EMC elsewhere, thus optimizing the trade-off between the fast, but memory consuming CA method and the slower EMC method. To account for the spatial distribution of the electric field and charge concentration, the hybrid EMC/CA simulator is self-consistently coupled with a 2D and 3D multi-grid Poisson solver. The solver is then used to simulate the performance of a 40 nm gate length n-MOSFET structure.

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10

Ambroz, M., and I. Prebil. "i3Drive, a 3D Interactive Driving Simulator." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 30, no. 2 (March 2010): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2010.29.

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Moroz, Paul. "General Feature Profile Simulator FPS-3D." ECS Transactions 35, no. 20 (December 16, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3646497.

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Zhang, Lingling, Liang Liu, Xiangbin Zhu, and Zhaoping Xu. "An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081591.

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Camless valvetrains have become a promising direction to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. In this paper, an electric load simulator is proposed to simulate and implement gas force on the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains under semi-physical conditions. According to test data, the 1D gas-dynamic model was established to get boundary conditions and initial values for 3D finite element simulation. The 3D finite element simulation model was solved to obtain the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains. The electromagnetic actuator was designed according to the system scheme and performance requirements of the electric load simulator. The PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm was designed to control the output force of the electric load simulator and reproduce the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve. It was found that the output force of the electric load simulator could follow the variation of the target gas force and meet the performance requirements of the electric load simulator based on simulation results and experimental results.

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Kim, Minsu. "Airborne Waveform Lidar Simulator Using the Radiative Transfer of a Laser Pulse." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122452.

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An airborne lidar simulator creates a lidar point cloud from a simulated lidar system, flight parameters, and the terrain digital elevation model (DEM). At the basic level, the lidar simulator computes the range from a lidar system to the surface of a terrain using the geomatics lidar equation. The simple computation effectively assumes that the beam divergence is zero. If the beam spot is meaningfully large due to the large beam divergence combined with high sensor altitude, then the beam plane with a finite size interacts with a ground target in a realistic and complex manner. The irradiance distribution of a delta-pulse beam plane is defined based on laser pulse radiative transfer. The airborne lidar simulator in this research simulates the interaction between the delta-pulse and a three-dimensional (3D) object and results in a waveform. The waveform will be convoluted using a system response function. The lidar simulator also computes the total propagated uncertainty (TPU). All sources of the uncertainties associated with the position of the lidar point and the detailed geomatics equations to compute TPU are described. The boresighting error analysis and the 3D accuracy assessment are provided as examples of the application using the simulator.

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Shen, Helong, Yong Yin, Yongjin Li, and Pengcheng Wang. "Real-time Dynamic Simulation of 3D Cloud for Marine Search and Rescue Simulator." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.2.2725.

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As the main scenery of sky, the effect of 3D cloud influences the fidelity of visual system and the immersion effect of simulator. In this paper, based on the work of Y. Dobashi and T. Nishita, small region Cellular Automaton is generated and more realistic cloud simulation is improved. The experimental results show that the visual system of simulator can run in real-time and has a relatively higher refresh rate after changeable 3D cloud being applied.

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Coelho, Giselle, Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo, Nícollas Nunes Rabelo, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, and Nelci Zanon. "Development and evaluation of a new pediatric mixed-reality model for neurosurgical training." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 24, no. 4 (October 2019): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.2.peds18597.

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OBJECTIVECraniosynostosis is a premature cranial suture junction and requires a craniectomy to decrease cranial compression and remodel the affected areas of the skull. However, mastering these neurosurgical procedures requires many years of supervised training. The use of surgical simulation can reduce the risk of intraoperative error. The authors propose a new instrument for neurosurgical education, which mixes reality with virtual and realistic simulation for repair of craniosynostosis (scaphocephaly type).METHODSThis study tested reality simulators with a synthetic thermo-retractile/thermosensitive rubber joined with different polymers. To validate the model, 18 experienced surgeons participated in this study using 3D videos developed using 3DS Max software. Renier’s “H” technique for craniosynostosis correction was applied during the simulation. All participants completed questionnaires to evaluate the simulator.RESULTSAn expert surgical team approved the craniosynostosis reality and virtual simulators. More than 94% of participants found the simulator relevant, considering aspects such as weight, surgical positioning, dissection by planes, and cranial reconstruction. The consistency and material resistance were also approved on average by more than 60% of the surgeons.CONCLUSIONSThe virtual simulator demands a high degree of effectiveness with 3D perception in anatomy and operative strategies in neurosurgical training. Physical and virtual simulation with mixed reality required psychomotor and cognitive abilities otherwise acquired only during practical surgical training with supervision.

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Dabare, Poshitha, GKA Dias, Aruni Nisansala, Maheshya Weerasinghe, Damitha Sandaruwan, Nihal Kodikara, Chamath Keppitiyagama, Nuwan Dhammika, Chamal Lakshika, and Ishan Buddhika. "FOSS BASED AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SIMULATOR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2406.

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This paper presents an analysis of the significance of Air Traffic Control (ATC) simulators in training, and focuses on the development of low cost, high awareness ATC simulator on a 3D virtual environment, using Free and Open Source Aircraft simulator named Flightgear. Here it has proposed a scenario based ATC officer control method covering the all three phases; tower control, approach and enroute control.

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Godderij, R. R., Johannes Bruining, and J. Molenaar. "A Fast 3D Interface Simulator for Steamdrives." SPE Journal 4, no. 04 (December 1, 1999): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59269-pa.

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Naus, Krzysztof, and Piotr Zwolan. "ABPP Motion Simulator Based on 3D ENC." Annual of Navigation 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2017-0010.

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AbstractA research focused on development of numerical model of a sea area destined for a motion simulator of an Autonomous Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle (ABPP) is presented in the paper. There are purpose, construction and functionality of the ABPP motion simulator generally characterized in the introduction. The first part contains description of a method of creating the sea area model based on the data included in the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC). A method of displaying the sea area model in the ABPP motion simulator, with a use of the Open GL graphic library, is described in the second part. Finally, there are conclusions drawn from the executed research given at the end.

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Kim, Youngjun, Kunwoo Lee, and Wontae Kim. "3D virtual simulator for breast plastic surgery." Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 19, no. 3-4 (2008): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cav.237.

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Zia, Haseeb, and Brice Lecampion. "PyFrac: A planar 3D hydraulic fracture simulator." Computer Physics Communications 255 (October 2020): 107368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107368.

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Liu, Jindong, and Huosheng Hu. "A 3D simulator for autonomous robotic fish." International Journal of Automation and Computing 1, no. 1 (October 2004): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11633-004-0042-5.

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Condino, Sara, Giuseppe Turini, Virginia Mamone, Paolo Domenico Parchi, and Vincenzo Ferrari. "Hybrid Spine Simulator Prototype for X-ray Free Pedicle Screws Fixation Training." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031038.

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Simulation for surgical training is increasingly being considered a valuable addition to traditional teaching methods. 3D-printed physical simulators can be used for preoperative planning and rehearsal in spine surgery to improve surgical workflows and postoperative patient outcomes. This paper proposes an innovative strategy to build a hybrid simulation platform for training of pedicle screws fixation: the proposed method combines 3D-printed patient-specific spine models with augmented reality functionalities and virtual X-ray visualization, thus avoiding any exposure to harmful radiation during the simulation. Software functionalities are implemented by using a low-cost tracking strategy based on fiducial marker detection. Quantitative tests demonstrate the accuracy of the method to track the vertebral model and surgical tools, and to coherently visualize them in either the augmented reality or virtual fluoroscopic modalities. The obtained results encourage further research and clinical validation towards the use of the simulator as an effective tool for training in pedicle screws insertion in lumbar vertebrae.

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Takeuchi, N., Y. Yamanashi, Y. Saito, and N. Yoshikawa. "3D simulation of superconducting microwave devices with an electromagnetic-field simulator." Physica C: Superconductivity 469, no. 15-20 (October 2009): 1662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2009.05.039.

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Bruzzone, Agostino G., and Francesco Longo. "3D simulation as training tool in container terminals: The TRAINPORTS simulator." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2012.07.016.

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CHOI, BYOUNGKYU, BUMCHUL PARK, and HO YEOL RYU. "VIRTUAL FACTORY SIMULATOR FRAMEWORK FOR LINE PROTOTYPING." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 03, no. 01 (June 2004): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686704000363.

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Presented in the paper is a virtual factory simulator (VFS) framework as a 3D solid-based factory simulator to be used as a line prototyping tool for an AMS (automated manufacturing system). The VFS framework supports a 3D resource & factory layout modeling, a physical emulation, and a performance simulation: the physical emulation is used for the kinematics simulation, interference check between resources, and the generation & verification of device program; and the performance simulation is used for the material flow & control logic evaluation and system performance evaluation. The proposed VFS framework supports a fully integrated graphical modeling environment for emulation scenario modeling and material flow & control logic modeling. Therefore, the proposed VFS meets the modeling requirements of high modeling power, ease of model building & validation, and ease of communication with stakeholders compared to other commercial system. Based on the VFS framework, a virtual factory simulator named VM-Factory® has been developed in C++ with OpenGL and a DEVS engine, and its validity was demonstrated by applying it in constructing a virtual factory of an FMS (flexible manufacturing system).

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Zhou, Jing Tao, Huai Guang Wang, and Liang Zhou. "Development of Driving Training Simulator of a Caterpillar Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2653.

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Driving training simulator of a caterpillar vehicle is a simulation system which can simulate all kinds of training course and has the evaluation function, this system using VC++ 6.0 and Direct X software, which has solved the 3D modeling, model introduction, 3D scene modeling, view dynamic control, collision detection, communication control, special effects, sound control, and other key technical problems, it has meted effectively the new equipment teaching and training needs.

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Barber, Samuel R., Saurabh Jain, Young-Jun Son, and Eugene H. Chang. "Virtual Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulation with 3D-Printed Models for Mixed-Reality Nasal Endoscopy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 159, no. 5 (September 11, 2018): 933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818797586.

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The surgeon’s knowledge of a patient’s individual anatomy is critical in skull base surgery. Trainees and experienced surgeons can benefit from surgical simulation; however, current models are expensive and impractical for widespread use. In this study, we report a next-generation mixed-reality surgical simulator. We segmented critical anatomic structures for 3-dimensional (3D) models to develop a modular teaching tool. We then developed a navigation tracking system utilizing a 3D-printed endoscope as a trackable virtual-reality (VR) controller and validated the accuracy on VR and 3D-printed skull models within 1 cm. We combined VR and augmented-reality visual cues with our 3D physical model to simulate sinus endoscopy and highlight segmented structures in real time. This report provides evidence that a mixed-reality simulator combining VR and 3D-printed models is feasible and may prove useful as an educational tool that is low cost and customizable.

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Chang, Brian, Allison Powell, Susan Ellsperman, Daniel Wehrmann, April Landry, Noel Jabbour, Steven Goudy, and David Zopf. "Multicenter Advanced Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Prep Surgical Simulation Course with 3D Printed High-Fidelity Models." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 5 (April 14, 2020): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820913003.

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Objective To assess the effect of 3-dimensional (3D)–printed surgical simulators used in an advanced pediatric otolaryngology fellowship preparatory course on trainee education. Study Design Quasi-experimental pre/postsurvey. Setting Multicenter collaborative course conducted at a contract research organization prior to a national conference. Subjects and Methods A 5-station, 7-simulator prep course was piloted for 9 pediatric otolaryngology fellows and 17 otolaryngology senior residents, with simulators for airway graft carving, microtia ear framework carving, and cleft lip/palate repair. Prior to the course, trainees were provided educational materials electronically along with presurveys rating confidence, expertise, and attitude around surgical simulators. In October 2018, surgeons engaged in simulation stations with direction from 2 attending faculty per station, then completed postsurveys for each simulator. Results Statistically significant increases ( P < .05) in self-reported confidence (average, 53%; range, 18%-80%) and expertise (average, 68%; range, 9%-95%) were seen across all simulators, corresponding to medium to large effect sizes as measured by Cohen’s d statistic (0.41-1.71). Positive attitudes around 3D printing in surgical education also demonstrated statistically significant increases (average, 10%; range, 8%-13%). Trainees commented positively on gaining such broad exposure, although consistently indicated a preference for more practice time during the course. Conclusion We demonstrate the benefit of high-fidelity, 3D-printed simulators in exposing trainees to advanced procedures, allowing them hands-on practice in a zero-risk environment. In the future, we hope to refine this course design, develop standardized tools to assess their educational value, and explore opportunities for integration into use in milestone assessment and accreditation.

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Schwab, Benedikt, Christof Beil, and Thomas H. Kolbe. "Spatio-Semantic Road Space Modeling for Vehicle–Pedestrian Simulation to Test Automated Driving Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093799.

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Automated driving technologies offer the opportunity to substantially reduce the number of road accidents and fatalities. This requires the development of systems that can handle traffic scenarios more reliable than the human driver. The extreme number of traffic scenarios, though, causes enormous challenges in testing and proving the correct system functioning. Due to its efficiency and reproducibility, the test procedure will involve environment simulations to which the system under test is exposed. A combination of traffic, driving and Vulnerable Road User (VRU) simulation is therefore required for a holistic environment simulation. Since these simulators have different requirements and support various formats, a concept for integrated spatio-semantic road space modeling is proposed in this paper. For this purpose, the established standard OpenDRIVE, which describes road networks with their topology for submicroscopic driving simulation and HD maps, is combined with the internationally used semantic 3D city model standard CityGML. Both standards complement each other, and their combination opens the potentials of both application domains—automotive and 3D GIS. As a result, existing HD maps can now be used by model processing tools, enabling their transformation to the target formats of the respective simulators. Based on this, we demonstrate a distributed environment simulation with the submicroscopic driving simulator Virtual Test Drive and the pedestrian simulator MomenTUM at a sensitive crossing in the city of Ingolstadt. Both simulators are coupled at runtime and the architecture supports the integration of automated driving functions.

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Dirgantara, Mohammad Ryan, Eka Budiarto, and Rusman Rusyadi. "3D Path Planning for Quadrotor Using Gazebo Simulator." ICONIET PROCEEDING 2, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/iconiet.v2i3.33.

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This research explores the 3D path planning for quadrotor, which is an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) with four rotors. The quadrotor is simulated using robot operating system(ROS) and Gazebo software, and is equipped with camera, GPS sensor, and inertialmeasurement unit (IMU) sensor to do the mapping of its environment. The packages used inROS are Hector Quadrotor package, joystick package, Octomap package, and MoveIt package.These packages were modified so that it could be integrated with each other and fulfill theobjective of this research. For the 3D path planning, a method called rapidly-exploring randomtree (RRT) is explored and implemented. Several experiments regarding the behavior of thequadrotor, the mapping, and the path planning were conducted to find out the performance andlimitations of the simulation. This simulation is set up so that it can be used to validate a newdesign of quadrotor before it is tested with a physical prototype.

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Azarnoush, Hamed, Samaneh Siar, Robin Sawaya, Gmaan Al Zhrani, Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, Fahad Eid Alotaibi, Abdulgadir Bugdadi, et al. "The force pyramid: a spatial analysis of force application during virtual reality brain tumor resection." Journal of Neurosurgery 127, no. 1 (July 2017): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.7.jns16322.

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OBJECTIVEVirtual reality simulators allow development of novel methods to analyze neurosurgical performance. The concept of a force pyramid is introduced as a Tier 3 metric with the ability to provide visual and spatial analysis of 3D force application by any instrument used during simulated tumor resection. This study was designed to answer 3 questions: 1) Do study groups have distinct force pyramids? 2) Do handedness and ergonomics influence force pyramid structure? 3) Are force pyramids dependent on the visual and haptic characteristics of simulated tumors?METHODSUsing a virtual reality simulator, NeuroVR (formerly NeuroTouch), ultrasonic aspirator force application was continually assessed during resection of simulated brain tumors by neurosurgeons, residents, and medical students. The participants performed simulated resections of 18 simulated brain tumors with different visual and haptic characteristics. The raw data, namely, coordinates of the instrument tip as well as contact force values, were collected by the simulator. To provide a visual and qualitative spatial analysis of forces, the authors created a graph, called a force pyramid, representing force sum along the z-coordinate for different xy coordinates of the tool tip.RESULTSSixteen neurosurgeons, 15 residents, and 84 medical students participated in the study. Neurosurgeon, resident and medical student groups displayed easily distinguishable 3D “force pyramid fingerprints.” Neurosurgeons had the lowest force pyramids, indicating application of the lowest forces, followed by resident and medical student groups. Handedness, ergonomics, and visual and haptic tumor characteristics resulted in distinct well-defined 3D force pyramid patterns.CONCLUSIONSForce pyramid fingerprints provide 3D spatial assessment displays of instrument force application during simulated tumor resection. Neurosurgeon force utilization and ergonomic data form a basis for understanding and modulating resident force application and improving patient safety during tumor resection.

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Orlický, Adam. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN 3D FOR VEHICLE SIMULATORS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 12 (December 15, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.12.0079.

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One of the modern methods of testing new systems and interfaces in vehicles is testing in a vehicle simulator. Providing quality models of virtual scenes is one of tasks for driver-car interaction interface simulation. Nowadays, there exist many programs for creating 3D models of road infrastructures, but most of these programs are very expensive or canÂtt export models for the following use. Therefore, a plug-in has been developed at the Faculty of Transportation Sciences in Prague. It can generate road infrastructure by Czech standard for designing roads (CSN 73 6101). The uniqueness of this plug-in is that it is the first tool for generating road infrastructure in NURBS representation. This type of representation brings more exact models and allows to optimize transfer for creating quality models for vehicle simulators. The scenes created by this plug-in were tested on vehicle simulators. The results have shown that with newly created scenes drivers had a much better feeling in comparison to previous scenes.

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Bindoff, Ivan K., Tristan R. Ling, Luke R. Bereznicki, Leanne Chalmers, Juanita L. Westbury, Peter R. Gee, and Tristan Garland. "Pharmacy Simulator: A 3D computer-based virtual patient simulator for training community pharmacists." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 12, no. 5 (September 2016): e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.05.112.

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Bow, Hansen, Le He, Muhammad Aanish Raees, Sumit Pruthi, and Rohan Chitale. "Development and Implementation of an Inexpensive, Easily Producible, Time Efficient External Ventricular Drain Simulator Using 3-Dimensional Printing and Image Registration." Operative Neurosurgery 16, no. 4 (June 5, 2018): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy142.

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Abstract BACKGROUND External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is one of the most commonly performed procedures in neurosurgery, frequently by the junior neurosurgery resident. Simulators for EVD placement are often costly, time-intensive to create, and complicated to set up. OBJECTIVE To describe creation of a simulator that is inexpensive, time-efficient, and simple to set up. METHODS This simulator involves printing a hollow head using a desktop 3-dimensional (3D) printer. This head is registered to a commercially available image-guidance system. A total of 11 participants volunteered for this simulation module. EVD placement was assessed at baseline, after verbal teaching, and after live 3D view instruction. RESULTS Accurate placement of an EVD on the right side at the foramen of Monro or the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle increased from 44% to 98% with training. Similarly, accurate placement on the left increased from 42% to 85% with training. CONCLUSION During participation in the simulation, accurate placement of EVDs increased significantly. All participants believed that they had a better understanding of ventricular anatomy and that this module would be useful as a teaching tool for neurosurgery interns.

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Kim, Sung-Ho. "Development of the 3D Hair Style Simulator using Augmented Reality." Journal of Digital Convergence 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2015): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2015.13.1.249.

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Seyyedi, Saeed, Kubra Cengiz, Mustafa Kamasak, and Isa Yildirim. "An Object-Oriented Simulator for 3D Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Imaging System." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/250689.

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Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an innovative imaging modality that provides 3D reconstructed images of breast to detect the breast cancer. Projections obtained with an X-ray source moving in a limited angle interval are used to reconstruct 3D image of breast. Several reconstruction algorithms are available for DBT imaging. Filtered back projection algorithm has traditionally been used to reconstruct images from projections. Iterative reconstruction algorithms such as algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) were later developed. Recently, compressed sensing based methods have been proposed in tomosynthesis imaging problem. We have developed an object-oriented simulator for 3D digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging system using C++ programming language. The simulator is capable of implementing different iterative and compressed sensing based reconstruction methods on 3D digital tomosynthesis data sets and phantom models. A user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) helps users to select and run the desired methods on the designed phantom models or real data sets. The simulator has been tested on a phantom study that simulates breast tomosynthesis imaging problem. Results obtained with various methods including algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and total variation regularized reconstruction techniques (ART+TV) are presented. Reconstruction results of the methods are compared both visually and quantitatively by evaluating performances of the methods using mean structural similarity (MSSIM) values.

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Firpo Furtado, Gabriela, Vinícius Valduga de Almeida Camargo, Dragica Vasileska, and Gilson Inácio Wirth. "3-D TCAD Monte Carlo Device Simulator: State-of-the-art FinFET Simulation." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.476.

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This work presents a comprehensive description of an in-house 3D Monte Carlo device simulator for physical mod-eling of FinFETs. The simulator was developed to consider var-iability effects properly and to be able to study deeply scaled devices operating in the ballistic and quasi-ballistic regimes. The impact of random dopants and trapped charges in the die-lectric is considered by treating electron-electron and electron-ion interactions in real-space. Metal gate granularity is in-cluded through the gate work function variation. The capability to evaluate these effects in nanometer 3D devices makes the pre-sented simulator unique, thus advancing the state-of-the-art. The phonon scattering mechanisms, used to model the transport of electrons in pure silicon material system, were validated by comparing simulated drift velocities with available experi-mental data. The proper behavior of the device simulator is dis-played in a series of studies of the electric potential in the device, the electron density, the carrier's energy and velocity, and the Id-Vg and Id-Vd curves.

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Endo, T., Y. Sawada, T. Kobayashi, and H. Sawada. "DEVELOPING A 3D WAVEFORM LIDAR SIMULATOR FOR FOREST." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XXXIX-B8 (July 30, 2012): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxix-b8-399-2012.

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Kang, Tae-Won, Kee Sung Lee, WonSik Choi, and Tae-Woo Kim. "Study of 3D Simulator for Human Hand Writing." Journal of The Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers 22, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2013.22.2.192.

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Batycky, R. P., M. J. Blunt, and M. R. Thiele. "A 3D Field-Scale Streamline-Based Reservoir Simulator." SPE Reservoir Engineering 12, no. 04 (November 1, 1997): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36726-pa.

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Ali, S. H., S. E. Sirota, K. M. Ali, B. R. Sukhanov, V. S. Vocvdenko, A. Plett, and A. B. Evgenii. "Non-biological 3D printed simulator for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy." European Urology Supplements 18, no. 1 (March 2019): e2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(19)31612-4.

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Feder, Judy. "Coupled 3D Simulator Models Wastewater-Injection-Induced Seismicity." Journal of Petroleum Technology 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1219-0071-jpt.

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Wiley, C. W., and A. Hartov. "INTERACTIVE 3D REGIONAL ANESTHESIA SIMULATOR WITH TACTILE FEEDBACK." Anesthesiology 89, Supplement (September 1998): 5SEE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199809250-00002.

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Hong, Seung Bong, Doo Yong Lee, and Hyun Joong Yoon. "3D SIMULATOR OF TRACK SYSTEMS IN SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.00035.

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Pauley, Amanda, and Jennie Yoost. "Abdominal Hysterectomy Simulator With a 3D Printed Uterus." Obstetrics & Gynecology 132 (October 2018): 56S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000546670.17378.d0.

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Barber, Samuel R., Elliott D. Kozin, Matthew R. Naunheim, Rosh Sethi, Aaron K. Remenschneider, and Daniel G. Deschler. "3D-printed tracheoesophageal puncture and prosthesis placement simulator." American Journal of Otolaryngology 39, no. 1 (January 2018): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.08.001.

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Na, Young-Sang, Jong-Taek Yeom, Nho-Kwang Park, and Jai-Young Lee. "Simulation of microstructures for Alloy 718 blade forging using 3D FEM simulator." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 141, no. 3 (November 2003): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00285-1.

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Brannan, V., C. Dunne, A. Dubrowski, and M. Parsons. "MP28: Development and validation of a novel three-dimensional printed thorax model simulator for the simulation-based training of tube thoracostomy." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.176.

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Innovation Concept: High-acuity, low-occurrence (HALO) procedures require skilled performance as they treat life-threatening conditions and are associated with significant morbidity when performed incorrectly. Simulation has proven useful for deliberate practice in a low stake setting. Tube thoracostomy is amendable to this approach. Commercially available trainers exist but often have limited realism and are prohibitively expensive particularly to non-academic centers. Three-dimensional (3D) printing produces models suitable for simulation, but no current simulator has been developed and validated for tube thoracostomy. The aim of this study was to develop such, a 3D-printed low-fidelity simulator validated for the simulation-based instruction of tube thoracostomy. Methods: The development of the simulator followed an iterative design cycle with collaboration between a design team and an emergency medicine expert. Its validity (face and content) was tested through hands-on practice and surveys completed by 15 acute-care practitioners. Participants performed the procedure on the simulator and then provided feedback through a mixed quantitative/qualitative product evaluation survey on appearance, realism (face validity) and value in procedural training (content validity). Mean values for overall appearance and content validity as a training tool were 4/5 and 4.3/5 respectively. All respondents felt the model was a useful adjunct. All but one stated it was a good replacement for pre-existing trainers. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The model was initially printed in three parts using an Ultimaker 3 and Axiom Airwolf Dual 3D-printer. The ribcage was created using polylactic acid with polyvinyl alcohol support material. Printed sections were bonded using glue at interfaces requiring no flexibility. Flexible joints were made of varying amounts of thermoplastic polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomer. Skin overlay for the whole model was created with a cut out area for replaceable sections that subjects would incise to insert the chest tube. Skin was casted using platinum cured silicone in a 3D-printed mold. Total cost of all materials was roughly 80 CAD. Conclusion: The simulator was found to be a useful adjunct for the simulation-based practice of tube thoracostomy. As well, users found the model anatomically realistic and avoided high-cost and ethical issues. Further research will focus on optimization based on feedback and development into a multi-functional simulator for other HALO procedures.

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Gao, Qiang, Ke Feng Zhou, Sen Gai Yang, Huan Mao, and Jie Zhu. "Design and Development on Full Scope V&V Simulator of Nuclear Power Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1385.

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In order to strengthen the ability of nuclear safety regulatory and avoid nuclear accident, full scope V&V simulator is designed and developed. By using RELAP-3D and MELCOR procedures coupled with the simulation platform, it achieves a whole conditions simulation which contains steady-state condition, transient condition and severe accident condition. The full scope V&V simulator can be used to do the design verification, operation verification, nuclear emergency and severe accident management program verification.

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SOUZA, João Renato Figueiredo, Edgar Marçal de BARROS FILHO, Carlos Eduardo Barros JUCÁ, and Juliana Paiva Marques Lima ROLIM. "Endovascular technique simulator for Neuroradiology learning." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 9 (September 2020): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200028.

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ABSTRACT Background: Vascular cerebral infarction (or stroke) is recognized as the third leading cause of death worldwide, and acute arterial occlusion comprises the main mechanism underlying ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases are treated by intracranial endovascular interventions employing minimally invasive intravascular techniques, such as neuroimaging. Conducting practical training in this area is a necessary task since patient safety is a considerably significant factor. There has been a steady increase in scientific research focused on validating endovascular simulation as a tool for training interventionists in endovascular procedures. Current literature confirms the idea that there is a beneficial role of simulation in endovascular training and skill acquisition and technique improvement. Objective: To develop an endovascular technique simulator for learning Neuroradiology. Methods: The methodology consisted of developing a simulator using 3D printing technology. Results: A literature search was carried out, commencing in August 2017, through consultation of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases, using the PubMed and BIREME websites, respectively. Meetings were held between the neuroradiologist specialist and programmers to develop the simulator, which was carried out in three phases: design of the arterial system, design of the prototype of the arterial system in computer graphics, and confection of the arterial system simulator in 3D. Conclusion: The simulator is ready for testing by residents and can enable the student to learn through simulations that reproduce, as realistically as possible, the situation to be subsequently experienced using a concrete tool.

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