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Journal articles on the topic '3GPP2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 September 2021

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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1

Agrawal, P., Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Tao Zhang. "IP multimedia subsystems in 3GPP and 3GPP2: overview and scalability issues." IEEE Communications Magazine 46, no. 1 (2008): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2008.4427242.

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2

Patel, G., and S. Dennett. "The 3GPP and 3GPP2 movements toward an all-IP mobile network." IEEE Personal Communications 7, no. 4 (2000): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/98.863998.

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3

Jui-Hung Yeh, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Chi-Chen Lee. "Comparative Analysis of Energy-Saving Techniques in 3GPP and 3GPP2 Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 58, no. 1 (2009): 432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.923687.

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4

Weng, Jeng-Feng, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Kai-Wen Cheng. "Comparative study of broadcast and multicast in 3GPP and 3GPP2 networks." Computer Communications 31, no. 17 (2008): 4220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2008.07.009.

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5

Knisely, D., and F. Favichia. "Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP2." IEEE Communications Magazine 47, no. 9 (2009): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5277459.

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6

Chiba, T., H. Yokota, A. Idoue, A. Dutta, S. Das, and F. J. Lin. "Gap Analysis and Deployment Architectures for 3GPP2 MMD Networks." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 2, no. 1 (2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2007.898096.

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7

Chien-Ching Lin, Y. H. Shih, Hsie-Chia Chang, and Chen-Yi Lee. "A low power turbo/Viterbi decoder for 3GPP2 applications." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 14, no. 4 (2006): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2006.874375.

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8

Jeon, KwangHyun, Xin Su, Bing Hui, and KyungHi Chang. "Practical and Simple Wireless Channel Models for Use in Multipolarized Antenna Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/619304.

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The next-generation wireless systems are expected to support data rates of more than 100 Mbps in outdoor environments. In order to support such large payloads, a polarized antenna may be employed as one of the candidate technologies. Recently, the third generation partnership standards bodies (3GPP/3GPP2) have defined a cross-polarized channel model in SCM-E for MIMO systems; however, this model is quite complex since it considers a great many channel-related parameters. Furthermore, the SCM-E channel model combines the channel coefficients of all the polarization links into one complex output, making it impossible to exploit the MIMO spatial multiplexing or diversity gains in the case of employing polarized antenna at transmitter and receiver side. In this paper, we present practical and simple 2D and 3D multipolarized multipath channel models, which take into account both the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and the Rician factor. After verifying the proposed channel models, the BER and PER performances and throughput using the EGC and MRC combining techniques are evaluated in multipolarized antenna systems.

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9

Dutta, Ashutosh, Kyriakos Manousakis, Subir Das, et al. "IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEMS - Mobility Testbed for 3GPP2-Based Multimedia Domain Networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 45, no. 7 (2007): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2007.382671.

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10

Lim, Chungsoo. "Adaptive Kernel Function of SVM for Improving Speech/Music Classification of 3GPP2 SMV." ETRI Journal 33, no. 6 (2011): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.11.0110.0780.

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11

KIM, Sang-Kyun, and Joon-Hyuk CHANG. "Speech/Music Classification Enhancement for 3GPP2 SMV Codec Based on Support Vector Machine." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 2 (2009): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.630.

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12

SONG, Ji-Hyun, Hong-Sub AN, and Sangmin LEE. "Speech/Music Classification Enhancement for 3GPP2 SMV Codec Based on Deep Belief Networks." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E97.A, no. 2 (2014): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e97.a.661.

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13

Kang, Kyungtae, Yongwoo Cho, and Heonshik Shin. "Energy-Efficient MAC-Layer Error Recovery for Mobile Multimedia Applications in 3GPP2 BCMCS." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 53, no. 1 (2007): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2007.891699.

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14

Song, Ji-Hyun, Kye-Hwan Lee, Joon-Hyuk Chang, Jong Kyu Kim, and Nam Soo Kim. "Analysis and Improvement of Speech/Music Classification for 3GPP2 SMV Based on GMM." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 15 (2008): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2007.911184.

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15

KIM, Sang-Kyun, and Joon-Hyuk CHANG. "Discriminative Weight Training for Support Vector Machine-Based Speech/Music Classification in 3GPP2 SMV Codec." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E93-A, no. 1 (2010): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e93.a.316.

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16

Knudsen, Lars R., and Chris J. Mitchell. "Analysis of 3gpp-MAC and two-key 3gpp-MAC." Discrete Applied Mathematics 128, no. 1 (2003): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00444-4.

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17

Berezovsky, Igor, and Vyacheslav Noskov. "ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL PARAMETERS FOR 5G MOBILE NETWORKS RADIOCHANNELS." Information and Telecommunication Sciences, no. 1 (June 24, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2411-2976.12023.35-40.

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Background. Deploying of 5G mobile networks opens up wide opportunities for the development of IoT, high-speed access to Internet services, industrial automation, telemedicine and other modern services. Peak transmission rate, latency, and spectral efficiency are important indicators for network performance. These indicators are primarily determined by the 5G-NR radio subsystem, which is built using modern technologies such as OFDM, interference-resistant LDPC coding and massive MIMO antenna systems. In addition, frames and time-frequency resource distribution in 5G-NR are improved for both Downlink and Uplink. All of these are described in various 3GPPP documents, but to evaluate these indicators, it is necessary to create an appropriate methodology and perform calculations. Objective. The purpose of the research is to create a methodology and estimate the potential values of peak transmission rate, latency and spectral efficiency of 5G-NR radio channels. Method. Analytical calculation methods based on recommendations and source data of 3GPP documents are used. Results. Analytical studies show that 5G-NR radio channels can potentially provide a peak transmission up to 37 Gbps, latency less than 0.5ms, and spectral efficiency up to 46 bps/Hz rate in the Downlink direction using 50 MHz FR1 frequency band, QAM256 modulation and MIMO 8 x 8-antenna system. Conclusions. The researched 5G-NR radio channels efficiency indicators meet current and future services requirements.

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18

Baron, Justus, and Kirti Gupta. "Unpacking 3GPP standards." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 27, no. 3 (2018): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jems.12258.

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19

Prasad, Anand R., Sivabalan Arumugam, Sheeba B, and Alf Zugenmaier. "3GPP 5G Security." Journal of ICT Standardization 6, no. 1 (2018): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/jicts2245-800x.619.

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20

Khan, Muhammad Jalal, Manzoor Ahmed Khan, Sumbal Malik, et al. "Advancing C-V2X for Level 5 Autonomous Driving from the Perspective of 3GPP Standards." Sensors 23, no. 4 (2023): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042261.

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Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is one of the enabling vehicular communication technologies gaining momentum from the standardization bodies, industry, and researchers aiming to realize fully autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardization body has actively been developing the standards evolving from 4G-V2X to 5G-V2X providing ultra-reliable low-latency communications and higher throughput to deliver the solutions for advanced C-V2X services. In this survey, we analyze the 3GPP standard documents relevant to V2X communication to present the complete vision of 3GPP-enabled C-V2X. To better equip the readers with knowledge of the topic, we describe the underlying concepts and an overview of the evolution of 3GPP C-V2X standardization. Furthermore, we provide the details of the enabling concepts for V2X support by 3GPP. In this connection, we carry out an exhaustive study of the 3GPP standard documents and provide a logical taxonomy of C-V2X related 3GPP standard documents divided into three categories: 4G, 4G & 5G, and 5G based V2X services. We provide a detailed analysis of these categories discussing the system architecture, network support, key issues, and potential solution approaches supported by the 3GPP. We also highlight the gap and the need for intelligence in the execution of different operations to enable the use-case scenarios of Level-5 autonomous driving. We believe, the paper will equip readers to comprehend the technological standards for the delivery of different ITS services of the higher level of autonomous driving.

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21

Caicedo, Oscar, Edgar De La Cruz, and Geovanni Taimal. "Security middleware for IMS-WLAN interworking." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 56 (February 28, 2013): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14667.

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The 3GPP proposes security architecture for Interworking WLAN-3GPP. However, it presents inefficiencies in the authentication procedure, which bring a greater consumption of radio resources, processing on the devices and delayed authentication. Due to previous reasons, we propose a security middleware that reduces the steps in the authentication of the WLAN-3GPP interworking and ensures the SIP signaling between the user equipment and the first entry point to the IMS network (P-CSCF).

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22

Chen, Wanshi, Juho Lee, Juan Montojo, and Mansoor Shafi. "Recent Development of 5G-Advanced in 3GPP: Commercial Needs and A Bridge to 6G." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 29, no. 1 (2025): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3733892.3733896.

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The standardization of 5G-Advanced in 3GPP is at a critical point in terms of continuing providing necessary evolutions for commercial deployments while, at the same time, establishing a bridge to the ever-increasing desire of commencing the discussions on 6G in 3GPP. This is evidenced by the recent approval of the package of Release 19 features in 3GPP, which is the focus of this article. We first elaborate the features tailored for commercial needs, targeting a wide range of aspects such as traditional mobile broadband, vertical domain evolutions and exploring into new areas. This is followed by introducing features deemed crucial for laying a solid foundation for future 6G work. The article is concluded by analyzing a set of challenges facing the future 6G standardization in 3GPP.

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23

BAHL, SANAT KAMAL, JIM PLUSQUELLIC, and JOSEPH THOMAS. "A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF W-CDMA CELL SEARCH DESIGNS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 01 (2005): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812660500212x.

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In this letter an Improved Cell Search Design using cyclic codes (Improved CSD) is compared with the 3GPP Cell Search Design using comma free codes (3GPP-comma free CSD) in terms of (1) hardware utilization on a field programmable gate array and (2) acquisition time measures for different probabilities of false alarm rates. Our results indicate that for an additive white Gaussian noise channel in a high signal-to-noise ratio the Improved CSD achieves faster synchronization with the base station and has lower hardware utilization when compared with the 3GPP-comma free CSD scheme under the same design constraints.

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24

Ndayikunda, Juven. "QUALITY OF SERVICE ASSESSMENT IN LTE NETWORKS WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF USERS." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 3 (2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-14-19.

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Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is the latest cellular radio access technology that was based on LTE technology and implemented as part of the 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP for Low-power Wide-area Network (LPWAN). The paper considers the features of NB-IoT standards based on the characteristics of the physical and channel layers of NB-IoT technology based on release 14-15 of the 3GPP group. The aim of this work is also to build and study a model for serving heterogeneous traffic in an isolated cell of the LTE standard, which supports the functionality of the Internet of Things IoT (Internet of Things), in particular eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). The constructed mathematical model takes into account the heterogeneity of the arrival of requests and their dependence on the number of users of cellular services. Depending on the number of sources, incoming requests are described by Poisson or Engset models. The studied model makes it possible to dynamically allocate resources that have LTE.

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25

Mondal, Bishwarup, Timothy Thomas, Eugene Visotsky, et al. "3D channel model in 3GPP." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 3 (2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7060514.

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26

Sanda, Takako, and Hiroyuki Ehara. "Multimedia Telephony Specifications in 3GPP." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 65, no. 5 (2011): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.65.669.

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27

Knisely, Douglas N., Takahito Yoshizawa, and Frank Favichia. "Standardization of femtocells in 3GPP." IEEE Communications Magazine 47, no. 9 (2009): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.5277458.

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28

Hwang, Jin-ok, and Sang-Gi Lee. "Study on the 3GPP International Standard for M2M Communication Networks." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 40, no. 6 (2015): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.6.1040.

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29

Тихвинский, В. "Оценка будущего трафика от услуг сетей 5G." LAST MILE Russia 78, № 1 (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/2070-8963.2019.78.1.30.39.

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Рассмотрены стандартизованные МСЭ и Партнерским проектом 3GPP бизнес-модели и бизнес-сценарии услуг, определяющие формирование трафика в сетях связи пятого поколения (5G). Показаны отличия сценариев размещения РЭС сетей 5G, предложенные МСЭ, и 3GPP, сформулированные в Релизе 15 (фаза 1 развития 5G), которые влияют на величину прогнозируемого трафика. Приведены оценки плотности трафика на 1 кв. км для ключевых бизнес-сценариев 5G: ультраширокополосного видеоконтента еМВВ и сверхнадежных услуг связи с минимальной задержкой uRLLC.

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30

Tikhvinskiy, Valery, Grigory Bochechka, Andrey Gryazev, and Altay Aitmagambetov. "Comparative Analysis of QoS Management and Technical Requirements in 3GPP Standards for Cellular IoT Technologies." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 2 (June 29, 2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2018.122717.

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Optimization of 3GPP standards that apply to cellular technologies and their adaptation to LPWAN has not led to positive results only enabling to compete on the market with the growing number non-cellular greenﬁeld LPWAN technologies – LoRa, Sigfox and others. The need to take into consideration, during the 3GPP standard optimization phase, the low-cost segment of narrow-band IoT devices relying on such new technologies as LTE-M, NB-IoT and EC-GSM, has also led to a loss of a number of technical characteristics and functions that oﬀered low latency and guaranteed the quality of service. The aim of this article is therefore to review some of the most technical limitations and restrictions of the new 3GPP IoT technologies, as well as to indicate the direction for development of future standards applicable to cellular IoT technologies.

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31

Chen, Xin, ZhiQiang Liu, Jianxiong Wan, and Zhuo Li. "Aggregated Handover Authentication for Machine Type Communication." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 31, no. 3 (2019): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2019070105.

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Nowadays, the technology of internet of things is developing rapidly, and the application of machine type communication (MTC) is becoming more and more extensive. Meanwhile, the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) organization proposes a standard architecture for MTC in LTE-A networks. However, when a large number of MTC devices handover authentication at the same time, the use of 3GPP handover mechanisms takes up more signaling resources, which will cause signaling congestion and vulnerable attacks. To solve this problem, the researchers propose an aggregated handover authentication protocol for MTC in LTE-A networks. Compared with the current 3GPP standards, the scheme can not only avoid signaling congestion, but also support more security. Finally, the researchers use colored petri nets (CPN) to model and analyze the proposed protocol. Simulation results show that the protocol is secure and achievable.

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32

Ousta, Firas, Mohd Zuki Yusoff, Nidal Kamel, and Sadek Ali. "QoS Evolution in 3GPP Mobile Networks." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 2 (2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.954.

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33

Yang, Chao, Shiwen Mao, and Xuyu Wang. "An Overview of 3GPP Positioning Standards." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 26, no. 1 (2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3539668.3539672.

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With the growing demand for locating services in a variety of commercial applications, positioning techniques have been considered as a vital part in cellular networks. With the evolution from 2G to 5G, the positioning techniques have been enhanced in various aspects. In this paper, we summarize the evolution of positioning standards in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and briefly introduce the new positioning standards in 5G NR (New Radio), which include new positioning requirements, the general positioning structure, new positioning reference signals, and general positioning methods.

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34

Barbuzzi, A., P. H. J. Perala, G. Boggia, and K. Pentikousis. "3GPP radio resource control in practice." IEEE Wireless Communications 19, no. 6 (2012): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6393521.

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35

Jain, Puneet, Peter Hedman, and Haris Zisimopoulos. "Machine type communications in 3GPP systems." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 11 (2012): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6353679.

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36

Blanquez-Casado, Francisco, F. Javier Martin-Vega, David Morales-Jimenez, Gerardo Gomez, and J. Tomas Entrambasaguas. "Adaptive SOVA for 3GPP-LTE Receivers." IEEE Communications Letters 18, no. 6 (2014): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2014.2316160.

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37

Hoglund, Andreas, Dung Pham Van, Tuomas Tirronen, Olof Liberg, Yutao Sui, and Emre A. Yavuz. "3GPP Release 15 Early Data Transmission." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 2, no. 2 (2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2018.1800002.

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38

Damnjanovic, Aleksandar, Juan Montojo, Yongbin Wei, et al. "A survey on 3GPP heterogeneous networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 18, no. 3 (2011): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5876496.

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39

Szydelko, Michal, and Marcin Dryjanski. "3GPP Spectrum Access Evolution Towards 5G." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Cognitive Communications 3, no. 10 (2017): 152184. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-2-2017.152184.

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40

Chaudhury, P., W. Mohr, and S. Onoe. "The 3GPP proposal for IMT-2000." IEEE Communications Magazine 37, no. 12 (1999): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.809388.

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41

Lohmar, Th, H. Wiemann, F. Hundscheidt, M. Meyer, and R. Keller. "Support of Multicast Services in 3GPP." PIK - Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation 27, no. 3 (2004): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/piko.2004.167.

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42

Euler, Sebastian, Xiaotian Fu, Sven Hellsten, et al. "Using 3GPP technology for satellite communication." Ericsson Technology Review 2023, no. 6 (2023): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/etr.2023.10173867.

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43

Penhoat, J., K. Guillouard, S. Bonjour, and P. Seïté. "A Proposal for Enhancing the Mobility Management in the Future 3GPP Architectures." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 3, no. 2 (2011): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2011040105.

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The management of the mobility between radio networks composed of heterogeneous radio technologies, called inter-access mobility management, provides the capability to tie together heterogeneous radio networks into an integrated network. The 3GPP architectures with well-designed inter-access mobility management capabilities are a part of the solution to cope with the growth of the mobile data traffic. This paper reviews the 3GPP architectures to highlight those with these capabilities. In order to evaluate if the mobility management is well-designed into these architectures, the authors describe the phases making up the management of the mobility and design an evaluation grid to assess the integration of these phases into the highlighted architectures. Since the assessment shows the existence of loopholes in the design of the inter-access mobility management, this paper proposes to enhance the 3GPP architectures by implementing a method called Hierarchical and Distributed Handover.

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44

Hong, Do-won, Sang-Uk Shin, Heui-su Ryu, and Kyo-Il Chung. "Provable Security of 3GPP Integrity Algorithm f9." KIPS Transactions:PartC 9C, no. 4 (2002): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstc.2002.9c.4.573.

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45

Awad, Nadia, and Musa Wali. "The impact of IMS mobility management with google mobile phone on quality of experience." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 16, no. 4 (2023): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.2023.145192.1060.

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The widespread of a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access network in residential areas provides low-cost and high-speed access to the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) services for end users. This has virtually made WLAN to be a complementary access network to Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The interoperability of WLAN and UMTS is made possible with the use of a mobility management mechanism in IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) architecture. Current problems in mobility management mechanisms are found in device mobility such as mobile phones. Such problems affect several layers and disrupt services. In this paper, IMS mobility management mechanisms with G1 mobile phone as an IMS client testbed is implemented, and its impact on the Quality of Experience (QoE) during end-to-end VoIP call session and its conformity to the 3GPP requirements of seamless service continuity is evaluated. The QoE driven mobility management mechanism is then proposed and evaluated to improve the QoE and to meet the 3GPP requirements of seamless service continuity during the handover between UMTS and WLAN access networks. Preliminary results show that there is an improvement in QoE and the requirements of 3GPP service continuity were met. The proposed Quality of Service (QoS) driven mobility management mechanism will help in the development of dual-mode mobile handsets with QoE adaptability.

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46

Li, Zeng, Xiao Wen Li, and Li Xu. "Research on the Carrier Aggregation Application in the Blind Detection of PDCCH." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.518.

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This article expounds the latest developments of key technology about carrier aggregation of LTE-A, and introduces cross carrier scheduling. Then it mainly studies the control signaling, reconfiguration message sent from upper layers defined by 3GPP protocol, and Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) blind decoding method which supports cross carrier scheduling. Finally, with correct simulation results, it shows that the method meets the requirement of 3GPP, and provides a theoretical basis for realizing detection of PDCCH in LTE-A system.

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47

Anicho, Ogbonnaya, Philip Charlesworth, Gurvinder Baicher, and Atulya Nagar. "Multi-HAPS Network Implementation within 3GPP’s NTN framework for 5G and beyond." International Journal of Information, Communication Technology and Applications 7, no. 1 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17972/ijicta20217152.

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High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) is part of the 3GPP defined non-terrestrial network (NTN) infrastructure for 5G networks. Various technical studies by 3GPP have addressed NTN-based implementations and have significantly studied satellite-based scenarios. However, the study does not sufficiently address HAPS or multi-HAPS based scenarios specifically. Though HAPS, is captured under Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), it has unique operational realities that set it apart from other NTN platforms. For instance, HAPS come in different variants of fixed-wing, balloons and airships. This paper highlights the need for expanded studies specifically aimed at HAPS for more seamless integration. The work also analyses the Doppler effect associated with fixed-wing HAPS systems to further demonstrate how operational scenarios may differ for these platforms and the need for targeted studies. HAPS is expected to contribute significantly to the NTN-based implementations and may require more specialised considerations within the 3GPP NTN technical specification process, especially for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks.

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Xenakis, Dionysis, Nikos Passas, Lazaros Merakos, and Christos Verikoukis. "ANDSF-Assisted Vertical Handover Decisions in the IEEE 802.11/LTE-Advanced Network." Communication Networks Elsevier 106 (September 1, 2016): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.06.007.

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To address the challenging issues of energy-efficiency and seamless connectivity in heterogeneous networks, 3GPP and IEEE have recently incorporated several architectural and functional enhancements to the baseline operation of their standards for cellular and wireless local area network access, respectively. Based on the 3GPP Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) as well as the advanced measurement capabilities provided by the IEEE 802.11-2012 and the 3GPP Long Term Evolution–Advanced (LTE-A) Standards, we propose an ANDSF-assisted energy-efficient vertical handover decision algorithm for the heterogeneous IEEE 802.11-2012 / LTE-A network. The proposed algorithm enables multi-mode mobile terminals to select and associate with the network point of attachment that minimizes the average overall power consumption at the mobile terminal and guarantees a minimum supported quality of service for its ongoing connections. System-level simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and compare it against that of other competing solutions.

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Izadi, Behrad, Seyedeh Masoumeh Ebrahimi, and Tiong Sieh Kiong. "Appearance of LTE and Completed in 3GPP Releases." Applied Mechanics and Materials 666 (October 2014): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.666.312.

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LTE radio platform lets operators to attain possibly increased high throughputs compared to HSPA+ with increased spectrum bandwidth so the main focuses in this technique reached to goals like higher data rate and less latency. Work with LTE commenced with the 3GPP in 2004, by having a recognized Long Term Evolution (LTE) work piece started up in 2006 and also a completed version of Release 8 lunched in 2009. This paper has overview to all releases related to LTE with their mention specifications in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

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Jian, Mengzhen, Biao Long, and Hai Liu. "A Survey of Extended Reality in 3GPP Release 18 and Beyond." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 56 (July 14, 2023): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v56i.10791.

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Extended reality (XR) has recently attracted high interest of both academia and industry, which has led to a 3GPP study on architecture enhancement for XR and media services (XRM). This paper provides a survey of 3GPP standardization process of XR services. We first investigate the application sectors that could take advantage of XR services, and then discuss the key points for architecture enhancement in Release 18. Furthermore, we describe the extension of XRM study item in Release 19. Finally, the technical directions of XR services in future 6G network are presented.

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