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Journal articles on the topic '4-amino-2-nitrotoluene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Houpt, John T., Glenn J. Leach, Larry R. Williams, Mark S. Johnson, and Gunda Reddy. "Toxicity Assessment of 4-Amino-2-Nitrotoluene." International Journal of Toxicology 32, no. 2 (2013): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813480408.

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4-Amino-2-nitrotoluene (4A2NT; CAS 119-32-4) is a degradation product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The toxicity data on 4A2NT are limited. Therefore, we collected toxicity data from rats to assess environmental and human health effects from exposures. The approximate lethal dose for both sexes was 5000 mg/kg. A 14-day toxicity study in rats was conducted with 4A2NT in the feed at concentrations of 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. Based on a 14-day oral dose range toxicity study with 4A2NT in the feed, 2000 ppm was selected as highest concentration for a subsequent 90-day study. An oral 90-day s

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2

Spiess, Tilmann, Frank Desiere, Peter Fischer, Jim C. Spain, Hans-Joachim Knackmuss, and Hiltrud Lenke. "A New 4-Nitrotoluene Degradation Pathway in aMycobacterium Strain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (1998): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.446-452.1998.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. strain HL 4-NT-1, isolated from a mixed soil sample from the Stuttgart area, utilized 4-nitrotoluene as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Under aerobic conditions, resting cells of the Mycobacterium strain metabolized 4-nitrotoluene with concomitant release of small amounts of ammonia; under anaerobic conditions, 4-nitrotoluene was completely converted to 6-amino-m-cresol. 4-Hydroxylaminotoluene was converted to 6-amino-m-cresol by cell extracts and thus could be confirmed as the initial metabolite in the degradative pathway. This enzymatic equivalent

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3

Mahan, Kristina M., Joseph T. Penrod, Kou-San Ju, et al. "Selection for Growth on 3-Nitrotoluene by 2-Nitrotoluene-Utilizing Acidovorax sp. Strain JS42 Identifies Nitroarene Dioxygenases with Altered Specificities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (2014): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02772-14.

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ABSTRACTAcidovoraxsp. strain JS42 uses 2-nitrotoluene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The first enzyme of the degradation pathway, 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase, adds both atoms of molecular oxygen to 2-nitrotoluene, forming nitrite and 3-methylcatechol. All three mononitrotoluene isomers serve as substrates for 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase, but strain JS42 is unable to grow on 3- or 4-nitrotoluene. Using both long- and short-term selections, we obtained spontaneous mutants of strain JS42 that grew on 3-nitrotoluene. All of the strains obtained by short-term selection had mutations in th

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4

Cheng, Jiayang, Makram T. Suidan, and Albert D. Venosa. "Kinetics of anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as the primary substrate." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0600.

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A kinetic model that describes the anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrtoluene (DNT) with ethanol as the primary substrate has been developed based on experimental results. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 2,4-DNT is anaerobically biotransformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) by the bacteria whose growth is supported by utilizing ethanol. 2,4-DNT shows inhibition to its own biotransformation. It also exhibits a very strong competitive inhibition to further biotransformation of

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5

Kadiyala, Venkateswarlu, Lloyd J. Nadeau, and Jim C. Spain. "Construction of Escherichia coli Strains for Conversion of Nitroacetophenones to ortho-Aminophenols." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (2003): 6520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6520-6526.2003.

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ABSTRACT The predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (NB) degradation uses an NB nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (HAB) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho-aminophenol. We tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. We constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying NB nitroreductase (nbzA) and HAB mutase A (habA) genes, both from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45, and expressed the enzymes in Escherichia coli JS995. IPTG (isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-induced cells of s

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6

Wang, Jing, Guang Fei Liu, Hong Lu, Ji Ti Zhou, and Lihua Li. "Enhanced Biotransformation of Dinitrotoluene by Mediator-Functionalized Polypyrrole Composites." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.129.

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The continuous dosing and discharge of water soluble redox mediators such as biologically recalcitrant compounds will result in the secondary contamination. The immobilized redox mediator prepared by incorporation of anthraquinonedisulphon-ate (AQDS) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole monomer on active carbon felt (ACF), AQDS/PPy/ACF, was used for catalyzing bioreduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-DNT) in this study. The results showed that the morphology of the PPy films deposits on ACF are characterized by some globular structure; AQDS/PPy/ACF exhibited good catalytic activity and st

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7

Hawari, Jalal, Annamaria Halasz, Sylvie Beaudet, Louise Paquet, Guy Ampleman, and Sonia Thiboutot. "Biotransformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene withPhanerochaete chrysosporium in Agitated Cultures at pH 4.5." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (1999): 2977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.2977-2986.1999.

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ABSTRACT The biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (175 μM) byPhanerochaete chrysosporium with molasses and citric acid at pH 4.5 was studied. In less than 2 weeks, TNT disappeared completely, but mineralization (liberated14CO2) did not exceed 1%. A time study revealed the presence of several intermediates, marked by the initial formation of two monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (2- and 4-HADNT) followed by their successive transformation to several other products, including monoaminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT). A group of nine acylated intermediates were also detected. They included 2-N-

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8

Jiayang, Cheng, Makram T. Suidan, and Albert D. Venosa. "Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (1996): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0235.

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Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro

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9

Alvarez, Marc A., Christopher L. Kitts, Pat J. Unkefer, and James L. Botsford. "Pseudomonas aeruginosastrain MA01 aerobically metabolizes the aminodinitrotoluenes produced by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene nitro group reduction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 11 (1995): 984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-137.

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Many microbes reduce the nitro substituents of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), producing aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNTs). These compounds are recalcitrant to further breakdown and are acutely toxic. In a search for organisms capable of metabolizing ADNTs, a bacterial strain was isolated for the ability to use 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate) as sole C-source. This isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MA01, metabolized TNT by first reducing one nitro group to form either 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) or 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT). However, strain MA01 was distinct from other TNT-reducing organi

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10

He, Zhongqi, and Jim C. Spain. "Reactions Involved in the Lower Pathway for Degradation of 4-Nitrotoluene by Mycobacterium Strain HL 4-NT-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (2000): 3010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.3010-3015.2000.

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ABSTRACT In spite of the variety of initial reactions, the aerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds generally yields dihydroxy intermediates for ring cleavage. Recent investigation of the degradation of nitroaromatic compounds revealed that some nitroaromatic compounds are initially converted to 2-aminophenol rather than dihydroxy intermediates by a number of microorganisms. The complete pathway for the metabolism of 2-aminophenol during the degradation of nitrobenzene by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 has been elucidated previously. The pathway is parallel to the catechol extradiol ri

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11

Chen, Mao-Long, Shu-Yang Zhou, Zhou Xu, Li Ding, and Yun-Hui Cheng. "Metal-Organic Frameworks of MIL-100(Fe, Cr) and MIL-101(Cr) for Aromatic Amines Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203718.

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MIL-100(Fe, Cr) and MIL-101(Cr) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and applied to the adsorptions of five aromatic amines from aqueous solutions. These three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface area analysis. The adsorption mechanism of three MOFs and the effects of the structures of MOFs on the adsorption of aromatic amines were discussed. The results show that the cavity system and suitable hydrogen bond acce

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12

Shevelev, Svyatoslav A., Alexander Kh Shakhnes, Bogdan I. Ugrak, and Sergei S. Vorob'ev. "HIGHLY SELECTIVE ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF 2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROTOLUENE AND 2,6-DIAMINO-4-NITROTOLUENE FROM 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE." Synthetic Communications 31, no. 17 (2001): 2557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-100105379.

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13

Moteleb, M. A., M. T. Suoidan, J. Kim, J. L. Davel, and N. R. Adrian. "Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in granular activated carbon fluidized bed and batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (2001): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0016.

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In this study, an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was used to treat a synthetically produced pink water waste stream containing trinitrotoluene (TNT). The synthesized waste consisted of 95 mg/l-TNT, the main contaminant in pink water, which was to be co-metabolized with 560-mg/l ethanol. Granular activated carbon was used as the attachment medium for biological growth. TNT was reduced to a variety of compounds, mainly 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (2,4,6-TAT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DA-6-NT), 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DA-4-NT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT), and 4-amin

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14

Keenan, Brendan G., Thammajun Leungsakul, Barth F. Smets, Masa-aki Mori, David E. Henderson, and Thomas K. Wood. "Protein Engineering of the Archetypal Nitroarene Dioxygenase of Ralstonia sp. Strain U2 for Activity on Aminonitrotoluenes and Dinitrotoluenes through Alpha-Subunit Residues Leucine 225, Phenylalanine 350, and Glycine 407." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 10 (2005): 3302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.10.3302-3310.2005.

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ABSTRACT Naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) from Ralstonia sp. strain U2 has not been reported to oxidize nitroaromatic compounds. Here, saturation mutagenesis of NDO at position F350 of the α-subunit (NagAc) created variant F350T that produced 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol from 2,6-dinitrotoluene (26DNT), that released nitrite from 23DNT sixfold faster than wild-type NDO, and that produced 3-amino-4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzyl alcohol from 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A46DNT) (wild-type NDO has no detectable activity on 26DNT and 2A46DNT). DNA shuffling identified the beneficia

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15

Shevelev, Svyatoslav A., Alexander Kh Shakhnes, Bogdan I. Ugrak, and Sergei S. Vorob'ev. "ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective One-Step Synthesis of 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Diamino-4-nitrotoluene from 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene." ChemInform 32, no. 51 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200151099.

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16

Li, Hai-Ming, Shi-Liang Liu, Guang Han, et al. "Measurement and correlation for the solubility of 2-chloro-5-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions." Fluid Phase Equilibria 406 (November 2015): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.07.041.

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17

Hughes, Michelle A., Michael J. Baggs, Juma'a al-Dulayymi, Mark S. Baird, and Peter A. Williams. "Accumulation of 2-Aminophenoxazin-3-one-7-Carboxylate during Growth of Pseudomonas putida TW3 on 4-Nitro-Substituted Substrates Requires 4-Hydroxylaminobenzoate Lyase (PnbB)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 10 (2002): 4965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.10.4965-4970.2002.

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ABSTRACT During growth of Pseudomonas putida strain TW3 on 4-nitrotoluene (4NT) or its metabolite 4-nitrobenzoate (4NB), the culture medium gradually becomes yellow-orange with a λmax of 446 nm. The compound producing this color has been isolated and identified as a new phenoxazinone, 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one-7-carboxylate (APOC). This compound is formed more rapidly and in greater quantity when 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate (4A3HB) is added to growing cultures of strain TW3 and is also formed nonbiologically when 4A3HB is shaken in mineral salts medium but not in distilled water. It is postulated

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18

Boopathy, R., and J. F. Manning. "Characterization of partial anaerobic metabolic pathway for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation by a sulfate-reducing bacterial consortium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 12 (1996): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-155.

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The anaerobic degradative pathway for metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by a consortium of Desulfovibrio spp. isolated from a creek sediment was studied. This consortium has the metabolic capability to degrade TNT to fatty acids. The growth of the consortium and the metabolism of TNT were greatly enhanced in the presence of an additional carbon source like pyruvate. The optimal concentration of pyruvate for the maximum rate of TNT degradation was 15–20 mM. Various intermediates of TNT metabolism were identified. The first step in the pathway was reduction of TNT to 4-amino-2,6-dinitrot

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