Relevant bibliographies by topics / 4-b-glucans

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Academic literature on the topic '4-b-glucans'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "4-b-glucans"

1

Izydorczyk, Marta S., Tricia McMillan, Sharon Bazin, Jerry Kletke, Len Dushnicky, James Dexter, Anna Chepurna, and Brian Rossnagel. "Milling of Canadian oats and barley for functional food ingredients: Oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 3 (March 2014): 573–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-229.

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Izydorczyk, M. S., McMillan, T., Bazin, S., Kletke, J., Dushnicky, L., Dexter, J., Chepurna, A. and Rossnagel, B. 2014. Milling of Canadian oats and barley for functional food ingredients: Oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 573–586. Oats and barley are recognized for their valuable fibre constituents having protective and therapeutic effects against the development of diet-related disorders. Mixed linkage (1–3), (1–4)-β-D-glucans, the major dietary fibre constituents in oats and barley, have been linked to blood cholesterol lowering properties of these grains. The objective of this study was to compare oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions (FRF) as two products with elevated levels of β-glucans and obtained by similar roller milling processes. The content of β-glucan in oat brans prepared from three different cultivars (AC Morgan, HiFi, and CDC ProFi) ranged from 7.90 to 9.50%, whereas the content of β-glucans in FRF prepared from three barley cultivars (CDC McGwire, CDC Fibar, and CDC Hilose) ranged from 9.31 to 18.19% (dwb). The yields of oat brans ranged from 44 to 49% and the yields of barley FRF from 39–49%. Both preparations contained higher amounts of arabinoxylans, proteins, and ash compared with the original grains. The oat brans were made up mainly of fragments containing the outer grain layers with a substantial portion of the subaleurone starchy endosperm attached to them, whereas the barley FRF consisted primarily of fragments containing the endosperm cell walls, with a smaller proportion of the outer grain tissues. The barley FRF contained smaller particles with broader distribution of particle size than the oat brans. The oat bran particles had higher bulk density and lower porosity than the barley FRF. Both preparations showed pronounced viscosity-building properties when dispersed in water at 45°C, but exhibited different viscosity profiles and differences in the attainable viscosity values.
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2

Kirsch, Jasmin, Christian Hannig, Sandra Pötschke, Sabine Basche, William H. Bowen, Stefan Rupf, Simone Trautmann, Natalia Umanskaya, and Matthias Hannig. "Enzymology and Ultrastructure of the in situ Pellicle in Caries-Active and Caries-Inactive Patients." Caries Research 51, no. 2 (2017): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452226.

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Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of caries activity on the key enzymes and the ultrastructure of the in situ pellicle. Methods: Pellicle formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs. Intraoral exposure (3, 30, and 120 min) was accomplished by 14 caries-active (DMFS: 22.7 ± 12.1) and 13 caries-inactive (DMFS: 1.5 ± 1.8) individuals. The enzyme activities (lysozyme, peroxidase, α-amylase, glycosyltransferase [GTF]) in the in situ pellicle and resting saliva of all participants were analyzed directly after oral exposure. In addition, a simultaneous visualization of these enzymes, extracellular glucans, and adherent bacteria was carried out. Fluorescent patterns were analyzed with fluorescence labeling and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/concanavalin A staining. In addition, the distribution of GTF B, C, and D and the ultrastructure of the pellicle were examined by gold immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy with selected samples. Results: Enzyme activities of amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme, and GTF were detected on all enamel slabs in an active conformation. Neither exposure time nor caries activity had an impact on the enzyme activities. Gold immunolabeling indicated that the pellicle of caries-active subjects tends to more GTF D molecules. The pellicles of caries-inactive and -active individuals revealed a similar ultrastructural pattern. Conclusion: The enzyme activities as well as the pellicle's ultrastructure are of high similarity in caries-active and -inactive subjects. Thereby, oral exposure time has no significant influence. This reflects a high uniformity during the initial phase of bioadhesion (3-120 min) concerning enzymatic functions. However, there is a tendency towards more GTF D in caries-active individuals.
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3

Henrion, Muriel, Célia Francey, Kim-Anne Lê, and Lisa Lamothe. "Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081729.

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Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.
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4

Barros, Ana, Vitoria Bell, Jorge Ferrão, Vittorio Calabrese, and Tito Fernandes. "Mushroom Biomass: Some Clinical Implications of β-Glucans and Enzymes." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 4, Special-Issue-October (October 1, 2016): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue-october.06.

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Mushrooms have attracted market attention because they are a potential source of bioactive compounds able to perform several functions in organisms with benefits for the health of the consumer. Cultivation processes vary according a) industrial fermentation - in large vats to produce extracted form of mushrooms or b) closed cultivation system - individually grown in jars on an aseptic “substrate” with controlled lighting and irrigation to produce a biomass form of mushrooms. Biomass is the mycelium with primordia (young fruiting body - before the mushroom blooms) containing all the nutrients and active compounds, including β-glucans, enzymes and secondary metabolites. The classification of mushroom biomass varies according to the presentation; the biomass can be classified as a “food” if in powder form or, classified as a “dietary supplement” in tablet form. While tablet mushroom biomass is considered a dietary supplement, mushroom extracts are designated pharmaceutical compounds, pharmanutrients or nutraceuticals. Here we illustrate the difference between mushrooms in the biomass and extract forms, the similarities and differences on its content on enzymes, secondary metabolites and on β-glucans, as a soluble and fermentable fibre. Of particular note is the rich enzyme activity in the biomass form of mushrooms. Such activity includes enzymes that prevent oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase), enzymes that prevent cellular growth (protease, glucoamylase) and enzymes that promote detoxification (cytochrome P-450, peroxidase, glucose-2-oxidase). β-glucans have been proposed to act as “biological response modifiers” based on their effects on the immune system, and its role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic syndrome-linked diseases. This review focuses also on some described health-promoting potential of mushroom biomass, all through immunomodulation. The role of intestinal microbiota is enhanced.
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5

Korotkova, O. G., E. A. Rubtsova, I. A. Shashkov, A. A. Volchok, E. G. Kondratieva, О. А. Sinitsyna, A. M. Rozhkova, et al. "Comparison Analysis of the Composition and Properties of Fodder Enzyme Preparations." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 18, no. 4 (July 23, 2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2018-4-72-78.

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The composition and properties of a wide range of domestic and foreign enzyme preparations (EP), used as additives to feeds of farm animals and poultry, are analyzed. The content of the main active enzymes – endoglucanases (beta-glucanases), cellobiohydrolases and xylanases, leading to biocatalytic destruction of non-starch polysaccharides, which are anti-nutritional factors of feeds and causing their incomplete digestion, is determined. It is shown that, based on the data on the component composition and the level of different types of activity, the studied enzyme preparations can be divided into three groups: a) with high xylanase and low cellulase (endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase) content, b) high cellulase and low xylanase content, c) containing cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and xylanases in a different ratio, but without significant predominant of any of these enzymes. The ability of EP to reduce the viscosity of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides – xylans and beta-glucans- has been studied. Among the enzyme preparations that have xylanase in their composition and belong to groups b) and c), a number of preparations have been determined which, at the same dosage according to xylanase activity, most effectively reduced the viscosity of the aqueous extract of rye containing xylans (Econase XT 25, Agroxyl Plus, Agroxyl Premium, Rovabio Max AP, Sunzyme). It was shown that the xylanase of precisely these EP is not inhibited by protein inhibitors of rye. At the same dosage for beta-glucanase activity, the viscosity of water-soluble beta-glucans of barley was most effectively reduced by the EP Xybeten CELL, Cellulase, Agroxyl, Agrocell, Axtra XB 201, Rovabio Max AP and Vilzyme. For all studied EP, no inhibitory effect of the barley extract on beta-glucanase activity was found.
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6

Michaud, P., J. Courtois, B. Courtois, A. Heyraud, P. Colin-Morel, J. P. Séguin, and J. N. Barbotin. "Cyclic (1 → 2)-β-d-glucans excreted by the glucuronan-producing strain Rhizobium meffloti M5N1CS CS (NCIM B 40472) and by the succinoglycan-producing strain Rhizobium meliloti M5N1." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 17, no. 6 (January 1995): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(96)81848-4.

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7

Naseer, Omer, Jawaria Khan, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Omer, Muhammad Avais, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Saleem, and Muhammad Shahid. "Efficacy of b-glucans and manna oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing aflatoxicosis in bovine calves." Indian Journal of Animal Research, OF (June 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.v0iof.8449.

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The objective of this study was to determine the response of bovine calves against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in terms of feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and to compare the efficacy of two different mycotoxin adsorbents, in vitro and in vivo. 36 bovine calves were divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed AFB1 added feed with the addition of â-glucans and Mannan oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall), group B was fed AFB1 with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and group C was fed AFB1 contaminated feed without addition of mycotoxin binders while group D was kept as negative control. AFB1 was given by gelatinized capsules at a dose rate of 1.0mg/ kg/ animal/ day. Results revealed average daily feed intake (ADFI) of AFB1 treated bovine calves significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) and all hematological parameters i.e; TEC, HGB, TLC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, MCHC, HCT and MCH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of AST, ALT, Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in response to AFB1. When compared between groups, YCW significantly (P less than 0.05) improved the feed consumption of bovine calves while HSCAS significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the AFB1 induced deleterious alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry.
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