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Relevant bibliographies by topics / 4-choice

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Academic literature on the topic '4-choice'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "4-choice"

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Weeres, Joseph G., and Bruce Cooper. "4 Public choice perspectives on urban schools." Journal of Education Policy 6, no. 5 (January 1991): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268093910060505.

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Chi, Hsin-Yi, and Tzu-Ching Weng. "Managerial legal liability and Big 4 auditor choice." Journal of Business Research 67, no. 9 (September 2014): 1857–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.12.003.

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Schielen, Peter C. J. I. "The Editor’s Choice for Issue 4, Volume 6." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7010014.

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Novemsky, Nathan, Ravi Dhar, Norbert Schwarz, and Itamar Simonson. "Preference Fluency in Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 44, no. 3 (August 2007): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.44.3.347.

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The authors propose that consumer choices are often systematically influenced by preference fluency (i.e., the subjective feeling that forming a preference for a specific option is easy or difficult). Four studies manipulate the fluency of preference formation by presenting descriptions in an easy- or difficult-to-read font (Study 1) or by asking participants to think of few versus many reasons for their choice (Studies 2–4). As the authors predict, subjective experiences of difficulty increase choice deferral (Studies 1 and 2) and the selection of a compromise option (Studies 3 and 4), unless consumers are induced to attribute the experience to an unrelated cause. Unlike studies of decision conflict, these effects are obtained without changing the attributes of the alternatives, the composition of the choice sets, or the reference points. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the results.

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Eden, Sally. "Book Review: Human choice and climate change (4 vols.)." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330002400219.

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John, Deborah Roedder, and Ramnath Lakshmi-Ratan. "Age Differences in Children's Choice Behavior: The Impact of Available Alternatives." Journal of Marketing Research 29, no. 2 (May 1992): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900206.

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The authors examine how children of different ages respond to the addition of new alternatives into an existing choice set. Children 4 to 12 years of age made choices from an initial and an expanded set of products using a modified constant sum allocation procedure. The findings indicate that younger children respond differently than older children to the expansion of choice sets and that this pattern is related, in part, to age differences in children's ability to incorporate similarity judgments into the choice process.

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Prasertrungruang, Montree, and Dusadee Ayuwat. "Social choices for the next generation of elderly: The combination of resources allocation and the utilization of social conditions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10964.

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With the advent of the aged society amidst capitalism development, the Next Generation of Elderly (NGE) has the chance to seek social choices. This research relied on the Resource Profile Framework to study the social choices of NGEs under the Capability Approach and the Structuration Approach. The qualitative research method was used with the research target group, or NGEs, who were Thai citizens aged 50 to 59 years residing in an urban and a rural areas of Kud Piang Khom Sub-District, the district of a complete aged society. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews from May to September, 2016 with 36 NGEs. Descriptive analysis was conducted to synthesize their social choices. The result showed 5 social choices used by the NGEs: (1) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in that dimension; (2) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in another dimension; (3) The choice that arises from the use of resources from many dimensions; (4) The choice that arises from facilitating social conditions; and (5) The choice that arises from integrating personal resources with utilization of facilitating social conditions. NGEs’ social choices were found to vary according to the individuals and community context.

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Harlam, Bari A., and Leonard M. Lodish. "Modeling Consumers’ Choices of Multiple Items." Journal of Marketing Research 32, no. 4 (November 1995): 404–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379503200403.

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Contemporary choice models focus on choice opportunities in which consumers purchase a quantity of a single item in a product category. However, failing to recognize the possibility of assortments of multiple-Item purchases can lead to incorrect conclusions about the impact of past purchase behavior on current choices. The authors propose a model that allows for multiple-item shopping trips and apply it to scanner data for powdered soft drinks. The model provides descriptions about the influence of (1) consumer's prior behavior across previous shopping trips, (2) behavior within the same shopping trip, (3) the in-store shelf assortment available at the time of purchase, and (4) marketing mix variables on multiple-item shopping trip choices. The authors’ model provides better choice predictions in a holdout sample at the aggregate and assortment composition levels than a traditional, single-purchase choice model. Using the model, they present simulation and naturally occurring experiment results in the powdered soft drinks category. Finally, they discuss the value of their results for understanding the consequences of consumers’ choices and their implications for manufacturers.

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Herbert, Simon A., and Gareth E. Arnott. "Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calix[4]arenes: Stereocontrol through Ligand Choice." Organic Letters 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2010): 4600–4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol101909f.

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Hovland, Matthew, Ricardo Mata-González, R. Paul Schreiner, and Thomas J. Rodhouse. "EDITOR'S CHOICE FROM RANGELAND ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, Volume 72, Issue 4." Rangelands 41, no. 4 (August 2019): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2019.06.005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "4-choice"

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Fennell, Alex. "Does Response Modality Influence Conflict? Modelling Vocal and Manual Response Stroop Interference." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1490611523266134.

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Martin, Jennifer. "KS3/4 Wider curriculum choice : personalisation or social control? : a contemporary study of influences on Year 9 students’ decision-making in an English comprehensive school." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9397.

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This research concerns tensions between ‘personalisation’, a neo-liberal concept adapted by New Labour to empower and motivate students and ‘performativity’, an aspect of governance whereby institutional effectiveness is monitored by statistical outcomes. Their ambiguous reconciliation in Personalised Learning (DfES 2004a) continues to develop in schools and colleges. A research focus on Key Stage 3/4 wider curriculum choice, one of five key but under-researched elements in this policy, provides the opportunity to explore this paradox. Involving an investigation into the recent experience of 14-15 year olds in an inner city English comprehensive school, the degree of equity afforded students in decision-making, based on teacher perceptions of students as achievers and underachievers may reveal conflicting values in the management of this process. Taking an ethnographic approach to case study development, triangulation of method and source is used to test internal validity. Analysis of interview data from a range of pastoral staff provides outline images of the institutional management of student choice. A comparative statistical analysis using data from anonymous student questionnaires provides an independent account of the effects of this interpretation on the student stakeholder role. From the questionnaire sample, qualitative data from twenty student interviews offers further insight into the processing of decisions. Relying on respondent validation procedures throughout, for ethical reasons the identification of student interviewees as ‘achievers’ or ‘underachievers’ is retrospective. Demonstrating how student access to the KS4 optional curriculum operates, the research reveals power differences firstly between the student cohort and ‘gate-keeping’ pastoral staff and secondly between individual students. While some evidence of social control through self-surveillance, implied through Foucauldian criticism of neo-liberal strategies (Rose and Miller 1992) may exist, the extreme social and economic deprivation of the area is used to justify this institutional interpretation of the stakeholder role through the moral imperative of social inclusion.

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Warda, Julia. ""Lämna aldrig tankar åt sitt öde" : En kvalitativ studie om hur några grundlärare i årskurs 4–6 väljer skönlitteratur till sin undervisning och vad dessa val grundar sig på." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53507.

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Syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen om hur grundlärare i årskurs 4–6 resonerar om valet av skönlitteratur i sin undervisning och vad dessa val grundar sig på. Frågeställningarna i studien är följande: · Hur beskriver lärarna skönlitteraturens betydelse och funktion i sin undervisning? · Vilka faktorer tar lärarna hänsyn till i sina val av skönlitterära böcker? Som metod för att besvara studiens syfte har kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer använts. Intervjuerna har genomförts med fyra grundlärare från tre olika län som har ett särskilt intresse för skönlitteraturen i sin undervisning. I resultatet framgår att det som påverkar lärarnas litteraturval allra mest är deras elever. Dock upplever lärarna att det kan vara svårt att hitta skönlitteratur som passar alla elever och poängterar därför vikten av att ha tillgång till en variation av skönlitterära böcker. En annan aspekt som lärarna uppmärksammade som betydelsefull var att själva vara pålästa om boken för att kunna diskutera innehållet och svara på elevernas frågor. För tankar skall aldrig lämnas åt sitt öde menade lärarna.
The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of the selection process used by elementary school teachers for literary fiction and their reasoning behind it. The following questions are included in this study: · How do teachers describe the meaning and function of literature in their teaching? · What factors do teachers consider in their choice of fiction? Semi-structured interviews have been used as a research method. The interviews were conducted with four elementary school teachers from three different schooling districts in Sweden. The teachers selected were responsible for choosing the literary fiction. The results show that the teacher’s choices are made for the benefit of the students. However, teachers experienced difficulties finding literature that suits every student. It is important that the reading selection is varied. Another important aspect that was highlighted during this study was that teachers themselves are knowledgeable and well-read on the subject. This enhances their ability to answer student’s questions and to further academical discussions. Like the teachers said, thoughts should never be left to their fate.

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Laverlochère, Carole. "Étude des processus de formation des choix collectifs en univers incertain et controversé : Le cas du choix d'une modalité de gestion à long terme des déchets hautement radioactifs en France." Thesis, Nîmes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NIME0005.

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Depuis une dizaine d'années, la mise en œuvre de grands projets d'intérêt général (LGV, barrage, aéroport, centre de stockage des déchets radioactifs) s'affronte à un risque de contestation d'un genre nouveau. Le mouvement des Grands Projets Inutiles et Imposés parvient à fédérer les oppositions environnementalistes et altermondialistes dans le but de remettre en cause la définition de l’intérêt général ou utilité publique porté par les projets contestés. Loin de n’être qu’une entrave à la décision publique, ils interrogent la façon dont peuvent se former des choix collectifs stables et cohérents fondés sur une définition nécessairement évolutive et contingente de l’intérêt général. Pour répondre à cette question nous nous appuyons sur l’étude d’un cas conflictuel qui fait s’opposer depuis plus de 30 ans les promoteurs et les opposants à un projet de centre industriel de stockage des déchets hautement radioactifs français. Ce cas sera étudié à l’aide d’une grille de lecture théorique qui mobilise essentiellement les travaux de François Perroux sur le pouvoir et l’information. Nous montrons in fine, que les choix collectifs sont le résultat net de relations de pouvoirs informationnels entre groupes d’agents inégaux qui évoluent au sein d’un système social en perpétuelle évolution
For the past ten years or so, the implementation of major projects of general interest (LGV, dam, airport, radioactive waste storage center) has faced a risk of a new kind of contestation. The Large Useless and Imposed Projects movement manages to federate environmentalist and anti-globalization oppositions in order to question the definition of the general interest or public utility carried by the contested projects. Far from being just an obstacle to public decision-making, they question how stable and coherent collective choices can be formed based on a necessarily evolving and contingent definition of the general interest. To answer this question, we rely on the study of a conflictual case which has for more than 30 years been opposed by promoters and opponents to a project for an industrial center for the storage of French highly radioactive waste. This case will be studied using a theoretical reading grid which mainly mobilizes the work of François Perroux on power and information. In fine, we show that collective choices are the net result of information power relations between groups of unequal agents who evolve within a constantly evolving social system

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Kokkoris, Michail D. "When the purpose lies within: Maximizers and satisfaction with autotelic choices." Springer Nature, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-017-9443-4.

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Are maximizers less satisfied with their choices than satisficers? This research provides a novel perspective on this question by distinguishing between two types of consumer goals: autotelic, when choice is a goal in itself, and instrumental, when a choice is a means to achieving other goals. Study 1 showed that maximizers value autotelic experiences more than satisficers. Study 2 experimentally manipulated the choice goal and found that maximizers compared to satisficers experience higher choice satisfaction when the choice goal is autotelic rather than instrumental. Additionally, evidence is provided for the underlying mechanism (perceived ease of choice) as well as downstream consequences (consumers' willingness to pay for their chosen option). These findings advance a conceptualization of maximizers as consumers seeking self-contained meaning in choice and provide new insights into the relation between maximizing and choice satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications for consumer decision-making are discussed.

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Keiler, Leslie Susan. "Factors affecting student data handling choices and behaviours in Key Stage 4 science." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323549.

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Andrén, Johanna. "Undervisningsmoment kopplat till skönlitteratur och elevers läsmotivation : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med svensklärare i grundskolans årskurs 4-6." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49193.

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Denna undersökning behandlar litteraturundervisningen i svenskämnet. Syftet är att undersöka hur konkreta undervisningsmoment kopplat till skönlitteratur utformas av lärare för att väcka elevers motivation för läsning av skönlitteratur. Det är även att studera hur och på vilken grund lärare väljer ut den skönlitteratur som behandlas i undervisningen. Frågeställningarna är följande: 1. Hur utformar lärare undervisningsmoment kopplade till skönlitteratur för att främja elevers läsmotivation? Och hur anpassas läsinsatser efter elevers behov och motivation? 2. Vilka faktorer anser lärare är viktiga för elevers läsmotivation? 3. På vad, förutom kursplanen i svenska, baserar svensklärare i årskurs 4-6 sitt val av skönlitteratur som behandlas i undervisningen? Brousseaus Didaktiska situationer samt Rosenblatts Receptionsteori har använts som teoretisk ram. För att samla in data genomfördes semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med fem svensklärare i årskurs 4-6. Resultatet visar att litteraturundervisningen gått från att till stor del bestå av elevers individuella läsning till att allt mer skönlitteratur behandlas gemensamt genom högläsning och diskussioner i helklass eller grupp. Detta dels på grund av att lärarna har svårt vid delegeringsfasen att få eleverna att ta på sig ansvaret för uppgifter kopplat till den individuella läsningen. Vidare visar undersökningen även att författarbesök kan ha en positiv effekt på elevers läsmotivation. Att eleverna får se att det finns en verklig person med ett budskap bakom texten kan alltså leda till att elever utvecklar ett läsintresse.

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Dendievel, Rémi. "Sequential stopping under different environments of weak information." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/239624/4/TOC-these.pdf.

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Notre thèse s’articule autour du thème de l’utilisation optimale de l’information contenue dans un modèle probabiliste flexible. Dans le premier chapitre, nous couvrons des résultats bien connus des martingales comme le théorème de convergence dit L1 des martingales et le théorème d’arrêt. Nous discutons de problèmes ouverts similaires au «last arrival problem» (Bruss et Yor, 2012) qui sont des vrais défis du point de vue théorique et nous ne pouvons que conjecturer la stratégie optimale.Dans les chapitres suivants, nous résolvons des extensions de problèmes d’arrêt optimal proposés par R. R. Weber (U. Cambridge), basés sur le «théorème des odds» (Bruss, 2000). En résumé, il s’agit d’effectuer une seule action (un seul arrêt) lorsque deux suites d’observations indépendantes sont observées simultanément. Nous donnons la solution à ces problèmes pour un nombre (fixé) choisi de processus.Le chapitre suivant passe en revue la plupart des développements récents (depuis 2000) réalisés autour du «théorème des odds» (Bruss, 2000). Le matériel présenté fut publié (2013), il a donc été mis à jour dans cette thèse pour inclure les derniers résultats depuis cette date.Puis nous réservons un chapitre pour une solution explicite pour un cas particulier du Problème d’arrêt optimal de Robbins. Ce chapitre est basé sur un article publié par l’auteur en collaboration avec le professeur Swan (Université de Liège). Ce chapitre offre une belle illustration des difficultés rencontrées lorsque trop d’information sur les variables est contenue dans le modèle. La solution optimale de ce problème dans le cas général n’est pas connue. Par contre, contre-intuitivement, dans le «last arrival problem» mentionné plus haut, moins d’information permet, comme nous le montrons, de trouver en effet la solution optimale.La thèse contient un dernier chapitre sur un problème de nature plus combinatoire que nous pouvons lier à la théorie des graphes dans une certaine mesure. Nous étudions le processus de création d’un graphe aléatoire particulier et les propriétés des cycles créés par celui-ci. Le problème est séquentiel et permet d’envisager des problèmes d’arrêt intéressants. Cette étude a des conséquences en théorie des graphes, en analyse combinatoire ainsi qu’en science de la chimie combinatoire pour les applications. Un de nos résultats est analogue au résultat de Janson (1987) relatif au premier cycle créé pendant la création de graphes aléatoires.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mossberg, Ann-Louise. "Högläsning för elever i årskurs 4-6 : En intervjustudie om lärares syn på högläsning, val av böcker och tankar kring normkritik vid högläsning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84229.

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Abstract Reading aloud does not have its own place in the curriculum for grades 4-6. This means that it is up to the teachers to decide whether they should read aloud in their teaching and, if so, to what extent. Neither are there any clear guidelines as to what kind of literature the pupils should take part of. The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers who teach Swedish grades 4-6 reason about reading aloud and the choice of literature for reading aloud. The essay also intends to examine how teachers reason about norm criticism when they choose books and which books they have read aloud in their classes. The method that has been used is interviews of a semi-structured nature. 8 teachers who teach the subject Swedish in grade 4-6 have participated. The survey showed that teachers think reading aloud is an important part of teaching, but that it varies a lot how much time they set aside for reading aloud per week. Teachers aim with read aloud also varies, some wants to arouse interest in other subjects while others want to read books that create good discussions. Most of the teachers are of the opinion that they think it is important to criticize norms but that it should not govern the choice of book. Books that are according to the norm can provide a good discussion as well as a norm-critical book highlights an important topic. The teachers in this study all agreed that they dare and want to bring up sensitive topics in reading aloud.
Sammanfattning Högläsningen har ingen egen punkt i läroplanen. Detta betyder att det är upp till lärarna att bestämma om de ska ha högläsning i sin undervisning och i så fall i vilken utsträckning. Det finns heller inga tydliga riktlinjer om vilken sorts litteratur som eleverna ska få ta del av. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur lärare som undervisar i svenska årskurs 4–6 resonerar kring högläsning och valet av litteratur för högläsning. Uppsatsen ämnar även att undersöka hur lärarna resonerar kring normkritik när de väljer böcker samt vilka böcker de har läst högt i sina klasser. Den metod som har använts är intervju av semistrukturerad karaktär. 8 lärare som undervisar i ämnet svenska i årskurs 4–6 har deltagit. Av undersökningen framkom att lärarna tycker högläsningen är en viktig del av undervisningen men att det varierar mycket hur mycket tid de avsätter för högläsning per vecka. Det varierar även i deras syfte med högläsningen, vissa vill väcka intresse för andra ämnen medan andra vill läsa böcker som skapar bra diskussioner. Flertalet av lärarna menar att de tycker det är viktigt med normkritik men att det inte ska styra valet av bok. Böcker som är normbekräftande kan ge en bra diskussion likväl som en normkritisk bok belyser ett viktigt ämne. Lärarna i denna studie var samtliga överens om att de vågar och vill beröra känsliga ämnen i högläsningen.

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Chen, Yi-Sin, and 陳怡妡. "Corporate Governance and the Choice of ADRs--Evidence from 4 Asian Tigers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91268968382540307625.

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碩士
國立交通大學
財務金融研究所
99
The purpose of corporate governance is to create a mechanism of checks and balances. Under the separation of management and ownership, managers’ behaviors are aligned to the interests of shareholders, corporate fraud is alleviated, effective and efficient management is assured, and corporate social responsibility can be carried out. In recent years, a growing number of firms involved in the corporate scandals have used window dressing to make financial statement more attractive. This creates the awareness of the importance of corporate governance among governments in various countries, who start to improve the law and enforcement of corporate governance. As capital market becomes more liberal and globalized, multinational companies start to expand their business in the global market by cross listing in international capital market, which requires stricter corporate governance compliance. Some researchers focused on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. Other researchers explored the effects of company characteristics and external governance on the choices of depositary receipts. This study explores the relationship between corporate governance (board composition, CEO characteristics, insider ownership, and board committee) and ADR listing choices based on four Asian tigers. The country-level result shows that companies from weaker investors’ protection countries tend to choose level II and level III ADRs. For corporate-level result, we showed that companies with bigger size and greater earning prefer level II and III ADR listings. As for governance-level result, we found that companies with better corporate governance are more likely to choose Level I and 144A. Our results showed that ADR listing choices are affected by external governance environment, company characteristics, and internal corporate governance. In other words, companies choose different ADR types for different purposes.

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Books on the topic "4-choice"

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E, Murphy George. The Editors' choice, volume 4. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988.

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Company, Channel Four Television, ed. Robinson's choice: Films for Channel 4. London: Comedia in association with Channel 4 Television, 1985.

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Nation's choice: That extraord. lv lv 4. [Place of publication not identified]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001.

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Nation's choice: Too much exci. lv lv 4. [Place of publication not identified]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001.

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Nation's choice: The golf lesson lv lv 4. [Place of publication not identified]: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001.

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Making the right college choice: Technical, 2 year, 4 year. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2010.

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Teddy, Meister, and Center for Applied Research in Education., eds. Reader's choice!: Ready-to-use literature activities for grades 4-8. West Nyack, N.Y: Center for Applied Research in Education, 1991.

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Choice by choice: Celebrating notable acquisitions, 1976-1986, Columbus Museum of Art : November 9, 1986-January 4, 1987. Columbus, Ohio: The Museum, 1986.

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Hm. Jug band, on my way grade 1 theme 4: Houghton mifflin the nation's choice. [Place of publication not identified]: Holt Mcdougal, 2000.

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1957-, Hendrix-Martin Eunice, ed. Beyond the bubble: How to use multiple-choice tests to improve math instruction, grades 4-5. Portland, Me: Stenhouse Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "4-choice"

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Kim, HyunKwan. "4. The Doctrine of Free Choice." In A New Divinity, 89–108. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666552854.89.

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Sodhi, P. S., D. S. Virk, and J. R. Witcombe. "4. Introduction - Seeds of Choice: Varietal Release and Popularization." In Seeds of Choice, 45–52. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445854.004.

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Bautista, Romeo M. "4. Macro-policies and technology choice in the Philippines." In The Other Policy, 107–38. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442952.004.

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Mason, Kelvin. "4. The Choice of Peru and Ecuador; Early Experience in Zimbabwe- The Coal-Fired Clamp." In Brick by Brick, 49–64. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442655.004.

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Szanto, Balazs. "Rational choice." In China and the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands Dispute, 75–105. New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315105635-4.

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Bossomaier, Terry, Steven D’Alessandro, and Roger Bradbury. "Consumer Choice." In Human Dimensions of Cybersecurity, 61–76. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: Auerbach Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429490989-4.

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Davis, John, and Alan Bollard. "4. Technology Choices." In As Though People Mattered - 1st Edition, 68–89. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448121.004.

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Carrick-Birtwell, Rachel. "Voice and choice." In The Solution Focused Approach with Children and Young People, 22–27. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429198120-4.

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"4. Jefferson’s Choice." In Bitterroot, 53–65. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812294712-006.

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"4. Public Choice." In Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers, 79–107. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804783965-006.

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Conference papers on the topic "4-choice"

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Kundu, Sandipan, Dimitris A. Pados, Weifeng Su, and Rohan Grover. "Makings of the 4 × 4 space-time block code of choice." In 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2012.6214443.

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Choi, Seungyeon, Sunghoon Choi, Young-Wook Choi, and Hee-Joung Kim. "Deep learning model observer for 4-alternative forced choice in digital breast tomosynthesis." In Physics of Medical Imaging, edited by Hilde Bosmans and Guang-Hong Chen. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549504.

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Fan, Zhihang, Muyun Yang, Tiejun Zhao, and Sheng Li. "A Tentative Study on Language Model Based Solution to Multiple Choice of CET-4." In 2013 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2013.35.

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Bauer, Claus. "The optimal choice of encoding parameters for MPEG-4 AAC streamed over wireless networks." In the 1st ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1089737.1089753.

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Allen, John G. "Current and Voltage Choice for North American Railroad Electrifications: 1895-1931." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8004.

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Abstract The variety of currents and voltages adopted by North American railroads between 1895 and 1931 is sometimes seen as confusing. Railroads faced choices between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), as well as among different voltages. But closer analysis shows a clear order to the specifications chosen. The technology options available at the time and the intended functions of these installations explain the specifications that railroads chose. Railroads electrifying fell into three basic groups: 1. Early adopters (usually requiring electrification for tunnels), 2. Railroads electrifying after 1910 for commuter service, and 3. Railroads that electrified for, or at least with freight service in mind. Each of these faced very different sets of options, and made their choice of electrical specifications accordingly. There were four basic combinations of current and voltage: 1. Low-voltage DC delivered via third rail, 2. Medium-voltage DC, 3. Higher-voltage DC, and 4. AC (almost always single-phase at 11,000 Volts, 25 Hertz). For railroads in a given category, the practicable choices were in fact limited to one or two options. Contrary to what is sometimes thought, the different electrical specifications reflected an underlying logic, not disorder.

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BALEŽENTIENĖ, Ligita. "THE SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN AMATEUR GARDENS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.093.

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Though urban areas globally cover only about 3% of the earth’s land surface, the UAGs have received a little attention with regards to their ecological facilities. The main aim of this study remains to assess and compare the choice of ecological management options, which guidelines to improvement of environmental-friendly forms of gardening provided by two different UAGs, e.g. Užuovėja (U) and Nemunas (N) in Kaunas distr., central Lithuania. The gardeners were interviewed to identify their preference of different gardening means and reasons for their ecological choices using a questionnaire (n = 60) containing questions about gardening behaviour were surveyed. The interviewed gardeners differ in their commitment and motivation, their agro-ecological practices, and their habits when growing fruits and vegetables. Ecological means, e.g. self-generated compost, turf and organic fertilizer were applied in 43.3-16.7; 16.7-6.7 and 43.3-16.7% in UAGs N and U, respectively. Only 3 or 10% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U), of respondent regularly used chemical control means regularly. Unfortunately, only 11 or 36.7% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U) of respondents regularly and sometimes used biological control means. While 7 or 23.3% (N) and 1 or 3.3% (U) of respondents apply biological control means on rare occasion. The large amount of gardeners’, i.e. 63% (N) and 80% (U) employs the natural water resources. This study shows that choice of the urban gardeners for the farming options proceeds the act of production through the conscious manipulation of natural resources, by the means of mobilizing practices (soil improvement, pest control means, watering), as well as supported by knowledge and sustainable viewpoint. Nonetheless, local ecosystem services will support gardener motivation, enhancing knowledge of sustainable gardening, authorizing the rational use of bio-control and soil improvement products, expresses an essential need for rational usage of water and other environmental resources.

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O’Connell, Barry M., Tim M. McGloughlin, and Michael T. Walsh. "Experimental Validation of the Influence of Stent Strut Compression on Artery Wall Drug Mass Transport." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206622.

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Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease that affects coronary, carotid and other peripheral arteries in the body. Arterial occlusions ensuing from aggressive atherosclerotic plaque progression can often culminate in an ischemic attack, such as an apoplectic attack or a myocardial infarction [1–3]. Several interventional procedures are available to the clinician but in recent years drug eluting stents (DES) have become the preferred choice and by the beginning of 2006 more than 8 out of 10 coronary stents were DES [4] at a cost of between $4 and $5 billion annually [5].

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Katti, Vikram, and William Durfee. "Preliminary Design and Testing of a Muscle-Powered Walking Exoskeleton for People With Spinal Cord Injury." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6889.

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There are 275,000 people in the US who have spinal cord injury (SCI) and there are about 12,500 new cases each year [1]. Among these 18.5% have incomplete paraplegia and 23% have complete paraplegia [1]. The number of patients experiencing mobility impairment caused by SCI is increasing because of accidents and disease [2,3]. Among people with SCI, 51% identified walking as first choice for a technology application [4].

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Steif, Paul S. "The Conceptual Basis for Statics and Development of a Statics Concept Inventory." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60529.

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This paper describes efforts to establish the fundamental concepts that underlie the solving of problems in Statics, and to devise means of measuring student understanding of these concepts. These efforts are aimed at providing a principled means for improving the quality of instruction in Statics, at least with respect to promoting conceptual understanding. A set of four concept clusters is proposed, together with a set of skills for implementing these concepts. Typical errors committed by students are categorized and shown to be related to these concept clusters. A testing instrument is presented to measure student ability to use the key concepts of Statics individually, with negligible mathematical analysis. This Statics Concept Inventory includes 27 multiple choice questions, focusing on 4 general concepts: free body diagrams, interchange of forces, couples and moments, the forces acting at connections and between bodies, and the conditions of equilibrium. Incorrect answer choices reflect typical student errors. Psychometric analyses of two administrations of this test are reported, one at the start and one just after the end of a sophomore mechanical engineering Statics course.

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Jhuang, Chi-Shiun, and Dar-Zen Chen. "On the End-Point Deflection of Static Balanced Manipulators With Various Spring Configurations." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97411.

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Abstract This paper presented the accumulation deflection of manipulator with different spring configuration. Spring configurations achieve perfect static balance but they are different in deflection. Assuming the axial deflection is enough smaller than bending deflection and negligible; deflection is small and the link is rigid. Based on gravitational and elastic matrix, for most effective balancing, attachment angles of a spring are determined as four types (90, 0), (270, 90), (0,0) and (180,180). Attachment lengths of a spring are determined by magnitude of gravitational energy. Then, spring force, reaction force and deflection are determined. For illustrated examples, a given manipulator with configuration 4-1 S23 (180,180), S23 (0,0) and 4-2 S34 (180,180), S34 (0,0), the accumulation deflection in global workspace and maximum, minimum and RMS accumulation deflection are presented. In conclusion, the spring configuration 4-1 with S23 (180,180) is the best choice for designers.

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