Relevant bibliographies by topics / 4-MBC

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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic '4-MBC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "4-MBC"

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Andrade, Paulina, Parnal Narvekar, Magelda Montoya, Daniela Michlmayr, Angel Balmaseda, Josefina Coloma, and Eva Harris. "Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections Elicit Similar Memory B-Cell Responses, but Breadth to Other Serotypes and Cross-Reactivity to Zika Virus Is Higher in Secondary Dengue." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa120.

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Abstract Background The 4 antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) share extensive homology with each other and with the closely related Zika flavivirus (ZIKV). The development of polyclonal memory B cells (MBCs) to the 4 DENV serotypes and ZIKV during DENV infection is not fully understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed polyclonal MBCs at the single-cell level from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected ~2 weeks or 6–7 months postprimary or postsecondary DENV infection from a pediatric hospital-based study in Nicaragua using a Multi-Color FluoroSpot assay. Results Dengue virus elicits robust type-specific and cross-reactive MBC responses after primary and secondary DENV infection, with a significantly higher cross-reactive response in both. Reactivity to the infecting serotype dominated the total MBC response. Although the frequency and proportion of type-specific and cross-reactive MBCs were comparable between primary and secondary DENV infections, within the cross-reactive response, the breadth of MBC responses against different serotypes was greater after secondary DENV infection. Dengue virus infection also induced cross-reactive MBC responses recognizing ZIKV, particularly after secondary DENV infection. Conclusions Overall, our study sheds light on the polyclonal MBC response to DENV and ZIKV in naive and DENV-preimmune subjects, with important implications for natural infections and vaccine development.
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Moelans, Cathy B., Joep de Ligt, Petra van der Groep, Pjotr Prins, Nicolle J. M. Besselink, Marlous Hoogstraat, Natalie D. ter Hoeve, et al. "The molecular genetic make-up of male breast cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 26, no. 10 (October 2019): 779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-19-0278.

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Male breast cancer (MBC) is extremely rare and accounts for less than 1% of all breast malignancies. Therefore, clinical management of MBC is currently guided by research on the disease in females. In this study, DNA obtained from 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) MBCs with and 90 MBCs (52 FFPE and 38 fresh-frozen) without matched normal tissues was subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 1943 cancer-related genes. The landscape of mutations and copy number alterations was compared to that of publicly available estrogen receptor (ER)-positive female breast cancers (smFBCs) and correlated to prognosis. From the 135 MBCs, 90% showed ductal histology, 96% were ER-positive, 66% were progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, and 2% HER2-positive, resulting in 50, 46 and 4% luminal A-like, luminal B-like and basal-like cases, respectively. Five patients had Klinefelter syndrome (4%) and 11% of patients harbored pathogenic BRCA2 germline mutations. The genomic landscape of MBC to some extent recapitulated that of smFBC, with recurrent PIK3CA (36%) and GATA3 (15%) somatic mutations, and with 40% of the most frequently amplified genes overlapping between both sexes. TP53 (3%) somatic mutations were significantly less frequent in MBC compared to smFBC, whereas somatic mutations in genes regulating chromatin function and homologous recombination deficiency-related signatures were more prevalent. MDM2 amplifications were frequent (13%), correlated with protein overexpression (P = 0.001) and predicted poor outcome (P = 0.007). In conclusion, despite similarities in the genomic landscape between MBC and smFBC, MBC is a molecularly unique and heterogeneous disease requiring its own clinical trials and treatment guidelines.
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Han, Jing, Ze-Tian Qin, Jing Zhang, Wen-Qiang Wang, Jing-Ya Wu, Yong-Ze Lu, and Li-Wei Sun. "Acute toxicity and ecological risk assessment of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC in ultraviolet (UV)-filters." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249915.

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Ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in cosmetics, personal care products and packaging materials to provide sun protection for human skin and other substances. Little is known about these substances, but they continue to be released into the environment. The acute toxicity of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna were analyzed in this study. The 96 h-EC50 values of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on C. vulgaris were 183.60, 3.50 and 0.16874 mg/L, respectively. The 48 h-LC50 of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC on D. magna were 12.50, 3.74 and 0.54445 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of a mixture of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC showed addictive effect on C. vulgaris, while the toxicity of mixtures of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC as well as 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC all showed antagonistic effect on C. vulgaris. The induced no-effect concentrations of 4,4’-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,4’-trihydroxybenzophenone and 4-MBC by the assessment factor (AF) method were 0.0125, 0.00350 and 0.000169 mg/L, respectively.
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Komrakova, Marina, Stephan Sehmisch, Mohammad Tezval, Ulrich Schmelz, Holm Frauendorf, Thomas Grueger, Thomas Wessling, et al. "Impact of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, daidzein, and estrogen on intact and osteotomized bone in osteopenic rats." Journal of Endocrinology 211, no. 2 (July 29, 2011): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0096.

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The study investigated the influence of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), daidzein, and estradiol-17β-benzoate (E2) on either intact or osteotomized cancellous bone in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Three-month old Ovx rats were fed with soy-free (SF) diet over 8 weeks; thereafter, bilateral transverse metaphyseal osteotomy of tibia was performed and rats were divided into groups: rats fed with SF diet and SF diet supplemented with 4-MBC (200 mg), daidzein (50 mg), or E2(0.4 mg) per kilogram body weight. After 5 or 10 weeks, computed tomographical, biomechanical, histological, and ashing analyses were performed in lumbar spine and tibia of 12 rats from each group. 4-MBC and E2improved bone parameters in lumbar spine and tibia, were not favorable for osteotomy healing, and decreased serum osteocalcin level. However, daidzein improved bone parameters to a lesser extent and facilitated osteotomy healing. For lumbar spine, the bone mineral density was 338±9, 346±5, 361±6, and 360±5 mg/cm3in SF, daidzein, 4-MBC, and E2, respectively, after 10 weeks. For tibia, the yield load was 98±5, 114±3, 90±2, and 52±4 N in SF, daidzein, 4-MBC, and E2, respectively, after 10 weeks. Serum daidzein was 54±6 ng/ml in daidzein group and equol was not detected.AlpandIgf1genes were down-regulated in callus after daidzein and E2compared with 4-MBC (week 5). The response of bone tissue and serum markers of bone metabolism could be ordered: daidzein<4-MBC<E2. Treatments were more effective after 5 vs 10 weeks. In SF group, bone structure was impaired after 5 weeks and improved after 10 weeks probably due to adaptation mechanisms to osteoporosis. In conclusion, it is conceivable that 4-MBC may improve bone tissue in osteoporotic organisms; osteoporotic patients with fractures could benefit from daidzein treatment.
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Sasson, Clarice Scliar, Mayumi Eliza Sato, Klézia da Silva Beletti, Fabrício Cunha Mota, and Angela Dakiw Piaceski. "Influence of cosmetics vehicles on 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor's skin penetration, in vitro." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000200006.

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The aim of this work was to compare the skin penetration of 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) in two vehicles, an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion and an alcoholic gel. The penetration of this UVB filter through these vehicles was determined in vitro (Franz cells) using pig ear skin. The 4-MBC permeated through the skin both with the emulsion o/w as the alcoholic gel. However, with the alcoholic gel, 5 h after application of the product, the 4-MBC was found in the receptor fluid, while with the emulsion o/w, 24 h after it was detected. In both vehicles, the 4-MBC was present in the viable epidermis, dermis but most part of it, was found in the stratum corneum, being more remarkable for alcoholic gel. The right choice of the vehicle could decrease the potential toxicological risk and increase the efficacy of sunscreens products.
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Iskandar, Burhanuddin, Bambang Madiyono, Sudigdo Sastroasmoro, Sukman T. Putra, Mulyadi M. Djer, and Anis Karuniawati. "Comparison of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal capacity of oral penicillin V with benzathine penicillin G to Streptococcus beta--hemolyticus group A in children with rheumatic heart disease." Paediatrica Indonesiana 48, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi48.3.2008.152-5.

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Background Injection ofbenzatine penicillin G (BPG) every 28days is still the drug of choice for secondary prevention of rheu-matic heart disease (RHD). BPG sometimes poses problems dueto pain at the injection site, possible anaphylaxis, and is not alwaysavailable. Some centers choose oral penicillin over BPG.Objectives To compare minimal inhibitory capacity (MIC) andminimal bactericidal capacity (MBC) of oral penicillin V serumwith those of BPG among SGA infected RHD.Methods This was a clinical trial with crossover design study tocompare MIC of penicillin V and BPG. Outcome measures wereMIC and MBC. Statistical analysis was performed using pairedt-test and wilcoxon test.Result There were 32 subjects consisted of 17 males and 15females. The mean value of MIC and MBC serum of penicillinV were 0.031 and 0.125. The mean value of MIC and MBCserum of BPG3 were 0.094 and 0.031. Respectively the MICof penicillin V was similar to that of BPGy The mean value ofMIC and MBC of BPG4 were 0.125 and 0.250. Respectively theMIC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that of BPG 4.The MBC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that ofBPG 4. The MIC ofBPG 3 was similar to that ofBPG 4• The MBCof BPG 3 was similar to that of BPG 4.Conclusions The MIC of penicillin V was similar to that ofBPG 3,the MBC of oral penicillin V was higher than that ofBPG 3• TheMIC and MBC of penicillin V was higher than those of BPG 4.
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Komrakova, Marina, Carsten Werner, Michael Wicke, Ba Tiep Nguyen, Stephan Sehmisch, Mohammad Tezval, Klaus Michael Stuermer, and Ewa Klara Stuermer. "Effect of daidzein, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor or estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle of osteoporotic rats undergoing tibia healing period." Journal of Endocrinology 201, no. 2 (March 2, 2009): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0521.

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The effect of daidzein (D), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) or estradiol-17β-benzoate (E2) on muscle of osteoporotic rats during fracture healing was studied. After performing a metaphyseal tibia osteotomy in 96 osteoporotic 5-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats, they received daily 50 mg D, 200 mg 4-MBC or 0.4 mg E2 per kg body weight, or soy free (SF) diet up to 36 and 72 days. Mitochondrial activity, fiber area, and capillary density were analyzed in M. gastrocnemius. Osseous callus bridging of fracture was observed in half of the rats after 36 days. By day 72, fracture was healed in most of the animals. State 3 mitochondrial respiration significantly enhanced in E2, 4-MBC and D groups versus SF after 36 days (30, 32 and 32 vs 23 pmol O2/s per mg). It declined after 72 days, however, in E2 group it was still at a higher level versus SF (25, 23 and 21 vs 20 pmol O2/s per mg). Size of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibers, capillary density did not differ significantly between the groups, however, at day 36 an increase in D and 4-MBC groups was detectable. FOG diameter was 64, 66, 68, and 58 μm and FG diameter was 88, 98, 95, and 89 μm in SF, D, 4-MBC, and E2 groups. The ratio of capillaries to muscle fiber was 1.1, 1.4, 1.3, and 1.1 in SF, D, 4-MBC and E2 groups by day 36. D and 4-MBC react similar to estrogen thereby improving oxidative cell metabolism in severe osteoporotic rats. The level of mitochondrial activity was higher, though no significant morphological differences could be shown.
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Nelson, Ariel Ann, Shivaprasad Manjappa, Yuvraj Choudhary, Cheryl L. Thompson, Jeanine Agler, Bethany Lawrence, Manmeet Singh Ahluwalia, and Paula Silverman. "Phase II study of eribulin mesylate for treatment of CNS metastases (mets) in metastatic breast cancer (mBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e12571-e12571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12571.

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e12571 Background: There is no approved drug therapy for CNS mets from mBC. Eribulin mesylate (eribulin) is a microtubule inhibitor approved for treatment of mBC patients (pts) who have received at least 2 prior chemotherapy regimens. Previously reported cases have demonstrated significant CNS responses in mBC pts treated with eribulin. This study evaluates the CNS response in pts with mBC treated with eribulin. Methods: CASE7113 was a prospective phase II single-arm study to evaluate the 12-week CNS progression free survival (12-wk CNS-PFS) of pts with mBC and CNS mets treated with eribulin. 20 pts were to be enrolled to demonstrate a 40% 12-wk CNS-PFS (95% CI, 8.5% - 61.5%). All pts had radiologically confirmed mBC CNS lesions with at least one lesion that did not receive prior radiation or surgical resection. Eribulin was administered at standard dose of 1.4mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day-cycle. Pts underwent baseline and 12-week brain MRI. The study was closed due to slow accrual; an analysis of enrolled pts was performed. Results: 9 female pts were enrolled; median age was 56 (32-82) years. 55% and 67% had ER+ and/or PR+ and Her2+ mBC respectfully. 1 pt had triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Median number of prior therapies was 3 (0-12). The 12-wk CNS-PFS (95% CI) was 88.9% (51.8% - 99.7%), the median PFS (95% CI) was 22.6 (4.3 - 31.9) weeks, the median OS (95% CI) was 15.7 (4.0 - 27.3) months. 4 pts achieved stable disease and 1 pt had a partial response. There were no unexpected toxicities. Conclusions: For mBCa pts with CNS mets, this estimate of 12-wk CNS-PFS suggests activity of eribulin and merits further investigation in this population in the context of clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT02581839.
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Zhang, Jing, Zhou-Tao Pei, Ya-Ni Zhao, Meng Zhang, Li-Ling Zhang, Wen-Qiang Wang, Jing-Ya Wu, Ran Yu, and Li-Wei Sun. "Mutagenicity evaluation to UV filters of benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor by Ames test." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0255504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255504.

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Benzophenone (BPs) and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor are used as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect the skin and hair in personal care products. The discharging of the three chemicals may endanger the receiving water ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). Four S.typhimurium strains, TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were employed in the Ames tests. The mutagenicity was detected from all three chemicals. The addition of S9 increased the mutation ratios of three chemicals to four strains, except BP-6 to TA100 strain and 4-MBC to TA97 and TA98 strain. In the mixed experiment, all positive effects were detected in the absence of S9. However, the results all became negative in the presence of S9. For the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four tester strains except for the TA100 strain. For the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four strains. The mixture test results showed antagonism in mutagenicity for the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC to TA98 and TA100 strains and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC to TA100 and TA102 strains.
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Tökés, Anna-Mária, A. Marcell Szász, Franciska Geszti, Lilla V. Lukács, István Kenessey, Eszter Turányi, Nóra Meggyesházi, et al. "Expression of proliferation markers Ki67, cyclin A, geminin and aurora-kinase A in primary breast carcinomas and corresponding distant metastases." Journal of Clinical Pathology 68, no. 4 (January 16, 2015): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202607.

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AimsTo assess the expression of the following cell cycle regulatory proteins in primary metastatic breast carcinomas (MBCs) and on availability in matched distant metastases (DMs): Ki67, cyclin A, geminin and aurora-kinase A (aurkA); and to compare the expression of these markers in early MBC (EMBC) and late MBC separated into groups according to median time point on metastatic event occurred (28 months).MethodsThe expression of the above mentioned markers was analysed in a total of 47 primary MBCs and 59 DMs (out of which 37 were pairs) by immunohistochemistry. Fourteen breast carcinomas with no relapse over a 10-year follow-up period were utilised as control cases (CBC).ResultsAmong the MBCs, 22 metastasised to the bone, 4 to the lung and 21 to the central nervous system (CNS). Geminin (p<0.001) and Ki67 (p=0.001) were increased in the MBCs while aurkA and cyclin A showed no difference when compared with CBCs. There were no differences between aurkA, cyclin A and geminin expression in MBCs and DMs in general. Expression of Ki67 was, however, elevated (p=0.027) in DMs. In CNS metastases all markers showed elevated expression as compared to MBCs. In bone metastases, geminin was lower (p<0.001) compared with primary MBCs. In the metastases of the lung, the evaluated markers did not show different expression. According to the median follow-up until the metastatic event, Ki67 was found to be significantly elevated in EMBC (p=0.018).ConclusionsKi67 index and geminin distinguish a fraction of MBC with worse prognosis, showing increased levels in the latter in comparison to CBC being tumour-free over a 10-year follow-up period. Ki67 could possibly identify a group of MBCs that develop early DMs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "4-MBC"

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Gonçalves, Bruna Martins. "Estudo da fotodegradação do 4 - MBC em meio aquoso." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3980.

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Mestrado em Química Analítica e Controlo de Qualidade
Os filtros UV são compostos amplamente utilizados em diversos produtos, tais como protectores solares, produtos cosméticos, plásticos e têm como principal função a protecção contra a radiação UV. O 4 – MBC é um dos filtros UV mais utilizado, apresenta tendência para o bioacumulação, tendo sido detectado em águas e em peixes e alguns estudos revelam que pode ter efeitos estrogénicos. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fotodegradação do 4 – MBC em águas, verificar qual o efeito das substância húmicas e do cloreto e por último identificar os produtos de degradação resultantes. Para o estudo do efeito das substâncias húmicas foram usados dois tipos de amostras: ácidos fúlvicos extraídos do rio Vouga e ácidos húmicos comerciais. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o 4 – MBC sofre uma isomerização rápida, seguida de uma degradação lenta ao longo do tempo. Não se observou efeito significativo dos ácidos fúlvicos e ácidos húmicos na velocidade de degradação do 4 – MBC. No caso do cloreto os resultados sugerem que a percentagem de degradação é superior na presença deste ião relativamente à percentagem de degradação em água. No que diz respeito aos produtos de degradação foi possível detectar a formação de quatro produtos de degradação em água. No entanto, verificou-se que as substâncias húmicas e o cloreto afectam a formação dos produtos intermediários de degradação, inibindo a formação de alguns deles. A identificação destes produtos de degradação foi efectuada por espectrometria de massa tandem. Os produtos identificados não tinham sido referenciados em estudos anteriores.
The UV filters are compounds widely used in several products such as sunscreens, cosmetics, plastics and their main function is the protection against UV radiation. 4 - MBC is one of the most widely used UV filters, it has a tendency to bioaccumulate, it has been detected in waters and in fish and some studies show that it may have estrogenic effects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the photodegradation of 4 - MBC in waters, to verify what is the effect of humic substances and chloride and finally to identify the resulting degradation products. To study the effect of humic substances two types of samples were used: fulvic acids extracted from river Vouga and commercial humic acids. The results showed that 4 - MBC undergoes a fast isomerization, followed by a slow degradation along time. There was no significant effect of fulvic and humic acids on the degradation rate of 4 - MBC. In the case of chloride the results suggest that the rate of degradation is higher in the presence of this ion relatively to the rate of degradation in water. With regard to the degradation products it was possible to detect the formation of four degradation products in water. However, it was found that the humic substances and chloride affect the formation of photo products, inhibiting the formation of some of them. The identification of these degradation products was carried out by tandem mass spectrometry. The identified products have not been referred in previous studies.
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Hilgendorf, Leonie [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Wuttke, Hubertus [Akademischer Betreuer] Jarry, and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Gründker. "Östrogenes Potential des endokrinen Disruptors 4-MBC im Reproduktionstrakt von ovariektomierten Ratten / Leonie Hilgendorf. Gutachter: Hubertus Jarry ; Carsten Gründker. Betreuer: Wolfgang Wuttke." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042348324/34.

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Mota, Jessica. "Effects of the organic UV filters, oxybenxone and 4-methylbenzylidene champor, on the photobiology of the hexacoral Zoanthus sp." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22789.

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Mestrado em Biologia Marinha
Coral reefs are extremely complex and productive ecosystems, providing habitat for thousands of marine species. Despite their ecological and socio-economic importance, coral reefs are globally threatened by natural and anthropogenic impacts. The discharge of domestic and industrial wastes contributes for the introduction of xenobiotics, namely organic UV filters, in marine ecosystems such as coral reefs, contributing for their degradation over the past few decades. It is estimated that approximately 40 % of coral reefs located along coastal areas are at risk of exposure to organic UV filters such as Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC), two widely used compounds in sunscreen lotions and personal-care products. It is therefore important to evaluate the effects of these emerging contaminants on local species inhabiting the more affected areas, namely the intertidal environments. The genus Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) contains numerous species abundant in coral reefs and intertidal areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions. These photosynthetic corals, which live in symbiosis with dinoflagellates of genus Symbiodinium, might have potential application as indicator organisms. The existing research in zoanthids ecology is however scarce in comparison with other cnidarian groups. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure of Zoanthus sp. to BP-3 and 4-MBC. Zoanthus sp. mini colonies (4 – 6 polyps) were exposed to 4 concentrations (0.5; 1, 2 and 4 mg/L) of BP-3 and 4-MBC during 96 h. After exposure, mini colonies were photographed for polyp behavioral response evaluation, the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II was measured in vivo, through PAM fluorometry, and finally, the Symbiodinium sp. cells were quantified and normalized to Zoanthus sp. dry weight. Results suggested that Zoanthus sp. exposure to sub-lethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of BP-3 and 4-MBC induced behavioral reactions in the polyps (increase of closed polyps with increased concentrations), decreased photosynthetic efficiency and the number of endosymbionts. Beside the polyp behavioural response, tested organic UV filters proven to have potential to induce coral bleaching. Further ecotoxicological studies should be undertaken with other compounds and with different coral species, to evaluate the effect of these emergent contaminants on coral reefs, and identify UV filter compounds less harmful to the environment.
Os recifes de coral são ecossistemas extremamente complexos e produtivos, que fornecem habitat a milhares de espécies marinhas. Apesar da sua importância ecológica e socioeconómica, os recifes de coral estão globalmente ameaçados por impactos naturais e antropogénicos. A descarga de resíduos domésticos e industriais contribui para a introdução de xenobióticos, nomeadamente filtros UV orgânicos, nestes ecossistemas marinhos, como os recifes de corais, contribuindo para sua degradação nas últimas décadas. Estima-se que aproximadamente 40 % dos recifes de corais localizados ao longo das áreas costeiras correm o risco de exposição a filtros UV orgânicos, como a Benzophenona-3 (BP-3) e 3- (4-metilbenzilideno) cânfora (4-MBC), amplamente usados em protetores solares e produtos de cuidados pessoais. Por conseguinte, é importante avaliar os efeitos destes contaminantes emergentes nas espécies que habitam as áreas mais afetadas, nomeadamente as zonas intertidais. O género Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) contém inúmeras espécies abundantes em recifes de corais e áreas intertidais de regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Estes corais fotossintéticos, que vivem em simbiose com dinoflagelados do género Symbiodinium, podem ter potencial aplicação como organismos indicadores. A pesquisa existente em ecologia de zoantídeos é, no entanto, escassa, em comparação com outros grupos de cnidários. Neste estudo, procuramos avaliar os potenciais efeitos nefastos da exposição a curto prazo de Zoanthus sp. a BP-3 e 4-MBC. Expuseram-se mini colónias (4 a 6 pólipos) de Zoanthus sp. a 4 concentrações (0.5; 1; 2 e 4 mg/L) de BP-3 e 4-MBC durante 96 h. Após exposição, as mini colónias foram fotografadas para uma avaliação da resposta comportamental dos pólipos, mediu-se in vivo a eficiência fotossintética do fotossistema II, através da fluorometria de pulso modulado (PAM) e, finalmente, as células de Symbiodinium sp. foram quantificadas e normalizadas para o peso seco de Zoanthus sp.. Os resultados sugeriram que a exposição de Zoanthus sp. a concentrações sub-letais e ambientalmente relevantes de BP-3 e 4-MBC, induziu reações comportamentais nos pólipos (aumento do número de pólipos fechados com o aumento das concentrações), diminuição da eficiência fotossintética e do número de endossimbiontes. Para além da alteração comportamental dos pólipos, os filtros UV orgânicos testados provaram ter potencial para induzir o branqueamento de corais. Estudos ecotoxicológicos adicionais devem ser realizados com outros compostos e diferentes espécies de corais, para avaliar o efeito destes contaminantes emergentes em recifes de corais e também para a identificação de filtros UV menos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente.
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Tonini, Federico. "Bioconcentration of selected personal care products in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) is the principal source of information used to assess and regulate the potential hazard and risk for a chemical that has the potential to bioaccumulate in the marine environment, according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The main objective of this thesis was to estimate the BCFs of two different emerging contaminants in Ruditapes philippinarum (Manila clam) under controlled laboratory conditions: the UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) commonly used in skincare products, and the artificial sweetener Acesulfame potassium (ACE-K) used as a food additive. Ruditapes philippinarum organisms were exposed directly to 4-MBC and ACE-K nominal concentration of 1, 10 and 100 μg L-1 during 10 days. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were estimated according to 3 different models for both compounds. The 4-MBC estimated BCFs fall in range of 61553 - 539143 L Kg-1, showing that this compound is very bioaccumulative and could also undergo biomagnification in the marine food chain. On the contrary, estimated ACE-K BCF is consistently lower, in order of 7 L Kg-1 for the nominal exposure concentration of 100 μg L-1. The low ACE-K BCF could be explained by its high solubility in water and thus a rapid metabolization by clams during the experiments. In summary, future research focusing on the marine environment is needed on these two emerging compounds.
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Gotthardt, Inka. "Interferenzen endokrin aktiver Substanzen mit der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Schilddrüsenachse." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16145.

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Endokrin aktive Substanzen (EACs) sind exogene Substanzen natürlichen oder synthetischen Ursprungs, die mit der Feedbackregulation hormoneller Netzwerke interferieren können und somit deren Homöostase beeinflussen. Störungen der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Schilddrüsenachse (HPT-Achse) haben weitreichende Konsequenzen, da Schilddrüsenhormone essentiell für die Regulation von Entwicklung, Wachstum und Stoffwechsel sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Wirkprofil potenter Inhibitoren der thyreotropen Achse am Beispiel von 4-Methylbenzyliden-campher (4-MBC) und Genistein (GEN) untersucht. Der UV-Filter 4-MBC wurde in der ovariektomierten Ratte als goitrogene Substanz identifiziert. 4-MBC interferiert auf Ebene von Hypothalamus und Hypophyse mit der Expression Feedback-assoziierter Gene und beeinflusst daher die Feedbackregulation der thyreotropen Achse. Darüber hinaus wird die Biosynthese von Schilddrüsenhormonen durch Inhibition des Iodidtransports bei gleichzeitig erhöhter messenger RNA (mRNA)-Konzentration des Natrium-Iodid-Symporters (NIS) durch 4-MBC beeinträchtigt. Parallel dazu lässt die verstärkte Expression des Angiogenesemarkers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) nach subakuter Exposition auf die Entstehung einer Hypothyreose schließen. Die damit einhergehenden Veränderungen sind auch in peripheren Organen durch die Analyse 3,3‘,5-Triiod-L-thyronin (T3)-regulierter Zielgene dokumentiert. Zudem wurden diese Effekte maßgeblich durch die Expositionszeit beeinflusst, da nach chronischer Exposition vermutlich auch kompensatorische Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die gezeigten speziesspezifischen Effekte lassen sich möglicherweise auf Unterschiede in der Pharmakokinetik zurückführen, z.B. in Folge differentieller Expression von Cytochrom P450-Genen.
Endocrine active compounds (EACs) can be of natural or synthetic origin and show hormone-like effects that interfere with feedback regulation of hormonal networks. Interferences with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT-axis) result in extensive consequences as thyroid hormones are essential for regulation of development, growth, and metabolism. In the work presented here, the active profile of potent inhibitors of the HPT-axis namely 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) and genistein (GEN) was investigated. 4-MBC, a UV filter used in sunscreens and various cosmetics, was identified as a goiter causing agent using ovariectomized rats. 4-MBC acts at the level of hypothalamus and pituitary gland by modulating the expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that regulate feedback on the HPT-axis. Furthermore, biosynthesis of thyroid hormones was impaired by 4-MBC secondary to the inhibition of iodide transport with concomitantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA)-levels of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). In parallel expression of the angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased, indicating hypothyroidism. After the application of 4-MBC the expression of L-3,3’,5-triiodothyronine (T3)-regulated target genes was reduced in the periphery both on the mRNA and protein level. The documented species-specific effects indicate a difference in pharmacokinetics, possibly secondary to differential expression of cytochrome P450 genes. GEN is contained in soy and red clover and its mechanistic analysis was carried out in thyroid hormone receptor (TR) deficient mice (TRα0/0). The gender-dependent effects of GEN on tissue specificity did not follow an obvious pattern and warrant continuative analysis. The work presented here supports the assumption that EACs can interfere with function and regulation of the HPT-axis at levels that were previously considered safe.
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Grüger, Thomas [Verfasser], Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Sehmisch, Hubertus [Akademischer Betreuer] Jarry, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Oppermann. "In-vivo-Monitoring der Effekte von Östrogen, Daidzein und 4-MBC mittels Flächendetektor-Volumen-CT am Modell der ovarektomierten Ratte / Thomas Grüger. Gutachter: Hubertus Jarry ; Martin Oppermann. Betreuer: Stephan Sehmisch." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046721887/34.

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Merker, Philine [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Wuttke, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hüfner, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Oppermann. "Wie gefährdet sind wir durch endokrine Disruptoren? : Effekt von Daidzein und 4-MBC im Vergleich mit 17β-Östradiol auf den Uterus der ovarektomierten Ratte / Philine Merker. Gutachter: Wolfgang Wuttke ; Michael Hüfner ; Martin Oppermann. Betreuer: Wolfgang Wuttke." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044736437/34.

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Conn, Brian E. "Ag44(p-MBA)30-4 Molecular Nanoparticles." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1420482067.

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Lilliehjort, Anna. "Förorenad mark : 10:4 MB och målet om hållbar utveckling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121745.

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Andersson, Siri. "Förbudsregeln i 5 kap. 4§ MB - ett hinder för verksamheter? : En utredande uppsats av förbudsregeln i 5 kap. 4 § MB och möjligheten för verksamheter att fortsatt beviljas tillstånd." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165759.

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Förbudsregeln, som sedan 1 januari 2019 finns implementerad i 5 kap. 4 § miljöbalken (1998:808) (MB), ställer krav på verksamheter att inte på ett otillåtet sätt försämra vattenmiljön eller äventyra att vattnet uppnår rätt kvalitet enligt miljökvalitetsnorm. Regelns stränga utformning har gett upphov till många diskussioner och kritiserats av verksamhetsutövare som menar att försämrings- och äventyrandeförbudet riskerar att hindra samhällsnyttiga verksamheter från att bedrivas.  Förbudsregeln grundar sig på Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 2000/60/EG (ramdirektivet för vatten) som antogs år 2000, och syftar till att medlemsstaterna ska ha gemensamma mål för en förbättrad vattenmiljö. Sverige implementerade ramdirektivet för vatten i nationell rätt, men fick kritik från kommissionen att reglerna implementerats felaktigt. År 2015 klargjorde EU-domstolen i sitt förhandsavgörande i mål C-461/13 (Weserdomen) hur reglerna i ramdirektivet för vatten ska tolkas, vilket gav Sverige vägledning i rättstillämpningen.  Det kan konstateras att det idag finns en intressekonflikt mellan en hållbar vattenmiljö och verksamhetsutövare. Den nya förbudsregeln i 5 kap. 4 § MB ställer krav på verksamhetsutövare att inte på ett otillåtet sätt försämra eller äventyra vattenmiljön. Försämringsförbudet bedöms på kvalitetsfaktornivå, vilket innebär att endast en miljökvalitetsnorm behöver försämras, med en statusklass, för att en otillåten försämring ska ha skett. Förbudsregeln har även resulterat i en utökad utredningsskyldighet av påverkan på vattenmiljön, vilket leder till en mer utdragen och kostsam tillståndsprocess för verksamhetsutövare. Reglerna om undantag i 4 kap. 11 och 12 §§ vattenförvaltningsförordningen (2004:660) (VFF) kan vara ett sätt för verksamheter att beviljas tillstånd, trots att verksamheten bryter mot förbudsregeln. Det är upp till varje vattenmyndighet och prövningsmyndighet i det enskilda fallet att avgöra om verksamheten kan beviljas tillstånd med stöd av undantagsreglerna i VFF. I dagsläget finns det inget som tyder på att förbudsregeln i 5 kap. 4 § MB hindrar verksamheter från att bedrivas, förbudsregeln förväntas dock försvåra tillståndsprocessen för verksamheter.
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Books on the topic "4-MBC"

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Kishōchō, Japan. Tenkizu: Shōwa 63-nen 4-gatsu 1-nichi--Shōwa 63-nen 4-gatsu 30-nichi = Daily weather maps : sea level, 850 mb, 700 mb and 500 mb charts with synoptic data tabulations. [Tokyo]: Kishōchō, 1988.

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Kiŏk hara: Sisa manhwa ro yŏkkŭn MB 4-yŏn ŭi hyŏndaesa : hŭimang 2012, Taehan Min'guk minjujuŭi kyogwasŏ. Sŏul-si: Herŭch'ŭnain, 2012.

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Punghwa ui sewol: Che 4-hoe MBC munhaksang tangsonjak (Onul ui sosol). Sinwon Munhwasa, 1994.

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Brophy, Peter. Libraries Without Walls 4: The Delivery of Library Services to Distant Users (Series MB3). Library Assn Pub Ltd, 2001.

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IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to Token ring access method and physical layer specifications : Recommended practice for use of unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) for token ring data transmission at 4 Mb/s. New York, N.Y., USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "4-MBC"

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Guo, Wang Xing, Liu Ji Lin, Wei Guo Zheng, and Ishfaq. "Mismatch MB Retrieval for MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 Transcoding." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing — PCM 2001, 86–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45453-5_12.

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Pickering, Robyn, and Andy I. R. Herries. "A new multidisciplinary age of 2.61–2.07 Ma for the Sterkfontein Member 4 australopiths." In Hominin Postcranial Remains from Sterkfontein, South Africa, 1936-1995, 21–30. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507667.003.0003.

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Sterkfontein Caves is the single richest early hominin site in the world, with deposits yielding two potential species of Australopithecus, Paranthropus robustus, and early Homo, as well as an extensive faunal collection and stone tools. Recent advances in uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of speleothems and palaeomagnetic analysis at Sterkfontein provide the first consistent chronological framework for Member 4 (MB4) and so the interned australopith fossils. Current data suggest that the MB4 deposit and so australopith remains accumulated over at least 400,000 years (2.4–2.0 Ma) if not 500,000–800,000 years. This long period of deposition should be taken into account when studying the MB4 australopith remains and looking at variability in both anatomy and other data such as isotopic evidence for diet.
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"§ 4 MB/KT 2009 Umfang der Leistungspflicht." In Krankenversicherung §§ 192-208, 667–82. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110248821-045.

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"§ 4 MB/KK 2009 Umfang der Leistungspflicht." In Krankenversicherung §§ 192-208, 428–56. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110248821-022.

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Karmaoui, Ahmed. "Environmental Vulnerability to Climate Change in Mediterranean Basin." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 105–38. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8814-8.ch006.

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The Mediterranean basin (MB) connects the south with the north and the East (Europe, Africa & Asia).It is a highly heterogeneous region where natural and anthropogenic activities interact in complex ways with climate variability. Climate change (CC) impacts are already defined on the Mediterranean. That is why the time has come to formulate a long-term plan for adaptation to CC of the MB. In this chapter the author aims (i) the assessment of the environmental vulnerability under CC provided in the BM during the last 30 years, (ii) the determination of environmental vulnerability indicators that the author call Major Common Indicators (MCI), and (iii) identification of adaptation strategies based on these indicators. For this analysis the author used the results of the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI), developed by SOPAC. In this paper, the author extracted, compiled, compared and analyzed the data of the EVI of 8 selected Mediterranean countries; 4 countries in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt) and 4 Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy and Greece).
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Krasnopolskaya, K. V., and I. Yu Kogan. "Uterine Myoma and Infertility: Coping Strategies." In Uterine Myoma and Infertility: Coping Strategies, 1–144. OOO «GEOTAR-Media» Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/9704-6117-4-mbe-2021-1-144.

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Thiery, Laurent. "Chapitre 4. La recentralisation politique du MBB et ses conséquences sur la répression en « zone rattachée » (avril – novembre 1943)." In La répression allemande dans le Nord de la France 1940–1944, 197–216. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.20237.

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van den Dool, Huug. "Conclusion." In Empirical Methods in Short-Term Climate Prediction. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199202782.003.0017.

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In this book we have reviewed empirical methods in short-term climate prediction. We devoted a whole chapter to the design of two of these methods, Empirical Wave Propagation (EWP, Chapter 3) and Constructed Analogue (CA Chapter 7). Other methods of empirical prediction were listed in Chapter 8, with brief descriptions and examples and references. One chapter is devoted to EOFs, as such a diagnostic topic, but widely used in both prediction and diagnostics, and thoroughly debated for a few decades. Two brief chapters, written in support of the subsequent chapter, Teleconnections (Chapter 4), should make the discussion on EOFs more interesting, and the topic of effective degrees of freedom (Chapter 6) is indispensable when one wants to understand why and when natural analogues would work (or not), or how an analogue is constructed, or how any method using truncation works. Most chapters can be read largely in isolation, but connections can be made of course between chapters. EWP is claimed to be useful, if not essential, in understanding teleconnections. Dispersion experiments, featuring day-by-day time-scales, link the CA and EWP methods. Examples of El Nino boreal winter behavior can be found in (a) the examples of EOFs on global SST and 500 mb streamfunction (Chapter 5), (b) specification of surface weather from 500 mb streamfunction (Chapter 7), and (c) the ENSO correlation and compositing approach (Chapter 8). The noble pursuit of knowledge may have been as important in the choice of some material as any immediate prediction application. Chapter 9 is different, less research oriented, and more an eyewitness description of what goes on in the making of a seasonal prediction. This eyewitness account style spills over into Chapter 8 here and there, because in order to understand why certain methods have survived to this day some practicalities have to be understood. The closeness to real-time prediction throughout the book creates a sense of application. However, the application in this book does not go beyond the making of the forecast itself; we completely shied away from such topics as a cost/benefit analysis or decision-making process by, for example, a climate sensitive potato farmer or reservoir operator.
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"Gui deli nes - The Netherlands: Geurnormering - Odour standard (1983). Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer, directie Lucht, Postbus 450, 2260 MB Leidschendam. - France: Norme experimental - Odour standard, 1st draft (1982). Pol­ lution atmospheric, methode de mesurage de 1'odeur d'un effluent gazeux, determination du facteur de dilution au seuil de perception - X 43-101. AFNOR, Tour Europe Cedex 7, 92080 Paris. - Germany: VDI-Richtlinie 3881 - VDI-Guideline 3881, part 2, draft (1984). 01factometric method of odour threshold determination. Sampling for odour threshold determination with olfactometers. VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft. Beuth-Verlag Gmbh, BurggrafenstraBe 4 - 14, 1000 Berlin 30. - United Kingdom: Odour Control - a concise guide (1980). F.H.H. Valentin and A.A. North (eds.), Warren Spring Laboratory, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SGI 2BX." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 63–68. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-22.

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"Both types of RhnuN cells (amorph and regulator types) lacked the Rh proteins and other proteins, and showed some functional abnormalities. No Rh glycoprotein is immune precipitated by anti-D but it is present in membranes from some RhnuNs as shown by immunoblotting studies with the monoclonal antibody MB-2D10 [30]. The LW protein is missing and some other antibodies only react weakly: anti-U, Duclos, anti-FY5, BRIC 125 (anti-CD47) and the monoclonal antibody 1D8. That so many determinants encoded by genetically independent loci are not fully expressed in RhnuN cells has led to the idea of a protein complex or cluster which involves the Rh proteins, Rh glycoproteins and other proteins [31,32,33]. Since D and CE proteins are integral proteins with about 12 transmembrane domains, it is hypothesised that they and the other proteins interact, perhaps affecting insertion into the membrane. Some of the variation observed in Rh antigens may not depend on mutations in the Rh genes but may reflect alterations in other proteins of the Rh protein complex. D , the most important antigen, has been exhaustively studied. Quantitative and qualitative variation of D is well documented [see 34]. Several other Rh antigens show quantitative and qualitative variation. We have observed variation in C, E, c, e, G, V, VS, Rh17 and Rh29 antigens. Possibly it is a common finding for Rh antigens. Variation of C antigen Table III shows some of the Blood Group Unit’s results of testing samples with rare Rh phenotype against polyclonal anti-C. ComC represents commercial anti-C reagents, all others are single donor antibodies. The first three reagents do not contain any anti-D, the next three contain incomplete anti-D so are not suitable for tests with enzyme treated cells. The different patterns of reaction would make one suspect that these cells carried different variants of C; most variants are also distinguished by their reactions with antibodies to low incidence Rh antigens (Table III). Low incidence antigen JAL (RH48) JAL+ cells have a very weak C antigen, it is most easily detected with commercial reagents (Table III). The antibody in Mrs S Allen’s serum was studied for many years in several laboratories interested in low incidence antigens. There were some hints that it might be an Rh antigen, although Mrs Allen’s husband had been an unremarkable cDe. Eventually several samples expressing the JAL antigen were identified. However, family studies had not proved that JAL was an Rh antigen, although 3 of the propositi had a depressed c antigen and 4 had a depressed C antigen, 2 of whom also had a depressed e antigen [35]. A second immune example of anti-JAL, which caused haemolytic disease of Mrs Pas’ third." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine, 193. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "4-MBC"

1

Giridhar, KV, GM Choong, RA Leon-Ferre, CC O'Sullivan, KJ Ruddy, TC Haddad, TJ Hobday, et al. "Abstract P6-18-09: Clinical management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after CDK 4/6 inhibitors: A retrospective single-institution study." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-18-09.

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Tolosa, Pablo, Ana Sanchez-Torre, Helena Bote de Cabo, Rodrigo Sánchez-Bayona, Mercedes Herrera, Ramón Yarza, Laura Lema, Luis Manso, and Eva Ciruelos. "Abstract PO-020: Impact of CDK 4/6i withdrawal or dose adjustment on COVID-19 incidence in HR+/HER2- mBC patients during the pandemic." In AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; July 20-22, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.covid-19-po-020.

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Isakoff, SJ, C. Cruz, J. Garber, A. LLuch, JA Perez Fidalgo, N. Tung, C. Fernandez, et al. "Abstract OT1-4-01: Multicenter phase II trial of the novel compound PM01183 (P) in BRCA1/2-associated or unselected metastatic breast cancer (MBC)." In Abstracts: Thirty-Sixth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Dec 10-14, 2013; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-ot1-4-01.

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Herranen, Mika, and Kalevi Huhtala. "Electro Hydraulic Gas Exchange Valve Actuation of 4-Stroke Large Bore Diesel Engine." In 8th FPNI Ph.D Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2014-7804.

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After several years of study, a large bore diesel engine Electro-Hydraulic Valve Actuation (EHVA) system has reached a development point where the system has been successfully used for years in laboratory test engine environment too. During the evolution of the EHVA, insight of the hydraulic and control systems features has been cleared. This paper concludes main findings and results of EHVA research in Tampere University of Technology / IHA. The hydraulic circuit effect to the power consumption of EHVA is clear. 3-way controlled actuator has advantages compared to 4-way controlled system. Direction control valve defines controllability of the system, and has source of the largest single component power loss. Hydraulic actuator design has also a fair effect to the overall power consumption when pressure force vs. required flow changes heavily, due to load forces. Mechanically, return spring design of the gas exchange valve has great effect to power consumption too. Controller design is dependent on what kind of performance is required. The controller compensates lack of control valve bandwidth, and reacts to changing environmental variables. In this state, the Iterative Learning Controller (ILC) has proved the best choice. If gas exchange valve exact lift motion during the lift event is not important but variation between the strokes is kept in narrow range, a Model-Based Controller (MBC) is a strong option.
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Goetz, MP, VA Suman, JR Reid, DW Northfelt, MA Mahr, T. Dockter, PJ Haluska, et al. "Abstract PD3-4: A first-in-human phase I study of the tamoxifen (TAM) metabolite, Z-endoxifen hydrochloride (Z-Endx) in women with aromatase inhibitor (AI) refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (NCT01327781)." In Abstracts: Thirty-Sixth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Dec 10-14, 2013; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-pd3-4.

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Puglisi, Fabio, Javier Cortes, Eduard Vrdoljak, Joseph Gligorov, Norbert Marschner, Christoph Zielinski, Michele de Laurentiis, et al. "Abstract PD2-4: Subgroup efficacy analyses of the randomized phase III TANIA trial evaluating continued or reintroduced bevacizumab (BEV) after 1st-line BEV for HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC)." In Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 9-13, 2014; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-pd2-4.

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Wander, Seth A., Ofir Cohen, Xueqian Gong, Gabriela N. Johnson, Jorge Buendia-Buendia, Maxwell Lloyd, Dewey Kim, et al. "Abstract PD2-09: The genomic landscape of intrinsic and acquired resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC)." In Abstracts: 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 10-14, 2019; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-pd2-09.

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Rugo, Hope S., Sanjeev Balu, Yunfeng Li, Guifang Chen, Xin Li, Stuart Turner, and Roxana Sin. "Abstract PS10-09: Real-world analysis of concomitant medication use with potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with cylin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors." In Abstracts: 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; December 8-11, 2020; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps10-09.

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Jain, E., D. Kim, JB Buendia, O. Cohen, RB Sousa, E. Anastasio, M. Dunphy, et al. "Abstract PD9-03: The genomic landscape ofde novometastatic breast cancer (MBC)." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd9-03.

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Fessenden, T. J. "MBE-4 experiments with bright cesium+ beams." In High-brightness beams for advanced accelerator applications. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42159.

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Reports on the topic "4-MBC"

1

Avery, R. T. Program plan for the MBE-4 multiple beam experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5343483.

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Warwick, A., and E. P. Lee. Acceleration errors in MBE-4 and in a driver. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861243.

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Warwick, A. I., D. E. Gough, and H. Meuth. Preliminary report on the MBE-4, an experimental multiple-beam induction linear accelerator for heavy ions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6732642.

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Fawley, W. M. Life on the edge: squirrel-cage fringe fields and their effects in the MBE-4 combiner experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/221053.

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