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Journal articles on the topic '4 Voices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Liu, Boquan, Evan Polce, Hayley Raj, and Jack Jiang. "Quantification of Voice Type Components Present in Human Phonation Using a Modified Diffusive Chaos Technique." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419848451.

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Purpose: Signal typing has been used to categorize healthy and disordered voices; however, human voices are likely comprised of differing proportions of periodic type 1 elements, type 2 elements that are periodic with modulations, aperiodic type 3 elements, and stochastic type 4 elements. A novel diffusive chaos method is presented to detect the distribution of voice types within a signal with the goal of providing an objective and clinically useful tool for evaluating the voice. It was predicted that continuous calculation of the diffusive chaos parameter throughout the voice sample would allow for construction of comprehensive voice type component profiles (VTCP). Methods: One hundred thirty-five voice samples of sustained /a/ vowels were randomly selected from the Disordered Voice Database Model 4337. All samples were classified according to the voice type paradigm using spectrogram analysis, yielding 34 type 1, 35 type 2, 42 type 3, and 24 type 4 voice samples. All samples were then analyzed using the diffusive chaos method, and VTCPs were generated to show the distribution of the 4 voice type components (VTC). Results: The proportions of VTC1 varied significantly between the majority of the traditional voice types ( P < .001). Three of the 4 VTCs of type 3 voices were significantly different from the VTCs of type 4 voices ( P < .001). These results were compared to calculations of spectrum convergence ratio, which did not vary significantly between voice types 1 and 2 or 2 and 3. Conclusion: The diffusive chaos method demonstrates proficiency in generating comprehensive VTCPs for disordered voices with varying severity. In contrast to acoustic parameters that provide a single measure of disorder, VTCPs can be used to detect subtler changes by observing variations in each VTC over time. This method also provides the advantage of quantifying stochastic noise components that are due to breathiness in the voice.

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Restrepo, Juan F., and Gastón Schlotthauer. "Invariant Measures Based on the U-Correlation Integral: An Application to the Study of Human Voice." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2173640.

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Nonlinear measures such as the correlation dimension, the correlation entropy, and the noise level were used in this article to characterize normal and pathological voices. These invariants were estimated through an automated algorithm based on the recently proposed U-correlation integral. Our results show that the voice dynamics have a low dimension. The value of correlation dimension is greater for pathological voices than for normal ones. Furthermore, its value also increases along with the type of the voice. The low correlation entropy values obtained for normal and pathological type 1 and type 2 voices suggest that their dynamics are nearly periodic. Regarding the noise level, in the context of voice signals, it can be interpreted as the power of an additive stochastic perturbation intrinsic to the voice production system. Our estimations suggest that the noise level is greater for pathological voices than for normal ones. Moreover, it increases along with the type of voice, being the highest for type 4 voices. From these results, we can conclude that the voice production dynamical system is more complex in the presence of a pathology. In addition, the presence of the inherent stochastic perturbation strengthens along with the voice type. Finally, based on our results, we propose that the noise level can be used to quantitatively differentiate between type 3 and type 4 voices.

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3

Carol. "Voices." Journal of Emergency Nursing 22, no. 2 (April 1996): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(96)80270-4.

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4

Delaney, Paul, Fionnuala Dillane, and Ronan Kelly. "New Voices in Irish Criticism 4." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 30, no. 1 (2004): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25515514.

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5

Dahmani, Mohamed, and Mhania Guerti. "Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Glottal Signal as non Linear Tool for Pathological Voice Assessment and Classification." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/6/4.

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Automatic detection and assessment of Vocal Folds pathologies using signal processing techniques knows an extensively challenge use in the voice or speech research community. This paper contributes the application of the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to a glottal signal waveform in order to evaluate the dynamic process of Vocal Folds (VFs) for diagnosis and classify the voice disorders. The proposed solution starts by extracting the glottal signal waveform from the voice signal through an inverse filtering algorithm. In the next step, the parameters of RQA are determined via the Recurrent Plot (RP) structure of the glottal signal where the normal voice is considered as a reference. Finally, these parameters are used as input features set of a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machines (PSO-SVM) algorithms to segregate between normal and pathological voices. For the test validation, we have adopted the collection of Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD) where we have selected the long vowel /a:/ of 133 normal samples and 260 pathological samples uttered by four groups of subjects : persons having suffered from vocal folds paralysis, persons having vocal folds polyps, persons having spasmodic dysphonia and normal voices. The obtained results show the effectiveness of RQA applied to the glottal signal as a features extraction technique. Indeed, the PSO-SVM as a classification method presented an effective tool for assessment and diagnosis of pathological voices with an accuracy of 97.41%

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Klimenko, Sergei. "Criteria for establishing the inventory of semantic participants and voices in Tagalog." Studies in Language 43, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17056.kli.

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Abstract The number of different voice constructions is controversial in Philippine linguistics. There are two approaches to establishing the voice inventory: (1) based on the number of voice affixes; (2) based on semantics of constructions, using opaque definitions of roles without any formal basis. Tagalog data supports neither approach. Many verbal roots form voice paradigms of up to seven members. The ungroundedness in any formal properties in the second approach often leads to different sets of voices with significant subjective variation. This paper suggests employing formal criteria for establishing an exhaustive inventory of semantic roles and voices in Tagalog: (1) Distinct marking in non-subject position; (2) co-occurrence of voice forms in paradigms; (3) co-occurrence of participants in constructions; (4) existence of a co-referential voice form. 16 participants and 13 voices are established in Tagalog, using the suggested criteria, which also provide a possibility for creating a typology of Philippine voice inventories.

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7

McFarlane, Stephen C., Teri L. Holt-Romeo, Alfred S. Lavorato, and Lyle Warner. "Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 1, no. 1 (September 1991): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0101.45.

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Voice samples of 16 adult patients with vocal fold paralysis and 6 normal adults were recorded and evaluated by 27 listeners (9 speech-language pathologists, 9 otolaryngologists, and 9 lay listeners). The listeners rated the voices of the speakers on a 10-point scale on six vocal parameters (pitch, loudness, hoarseness, vocal roughness, breathiness, and overall quality). The 16 patients represented three different treatment approaches (teflon injection, 4; voice therapy, 6; and muscle-nerve reinnervation surgery, 6). Voice therapy and muscle nerve reinnervation surgery were both rated more successful than teflon injection in terms of improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment voices for all six vocal parameters. Normal speakers’ voices were rated higher than the voices of any treatment group. Speech-language pathologists were more reliable listeners than the other two listener groups. A case is made for using a period of trial voice therapy while waiting for possible spontaneous nerve healing in unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients who do not have aspiration problems and who have a competent cough. The majority of patients studied presented with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and none recovered vocal fold function during the course of the study.

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8

Gronquist, Robert, David Johnson, and Anthony G. Petti. "Ten Georgian Glees; For 4 Voices SATB." Notes 41, no. 4 (June 1985): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/940903.

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9

McIntosh, Shelley, Linlin Irene Chen, Beatrice Villarreal, and Marion Godine. "CHAPTER 4: Spiritual Voices of Preservice Teachers." Action in Teacher Education 29, no. 5-6 (March 2008): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2008.10519435.

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10

Fisher, Ryan Austin, Nancy L. Summitt, and Ellen B. Koziel. "A Description of Middle School Male Singers’ Voice Change and Voice Part Assignment." Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 40, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87551233211018209.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the voice change and voice part assignment of male middle school choir members. Volunteers ( N = 92) were recruited from three public middle school choral programs (Grades 6-8). Participants were audio-recorded performing simple vocal tasks in order to assess vocal range and asked to share the music they were currently singing in class. Results revealed 23.91% of participants’ voices could be categorized as unchanged, 14.13% as Stage 1, 3.26% as Stage 2, 10.87% as Stage 3, 26.09% as Stage 4, and 21.74% as Stage 5. The majority of sixth-grade participants were classified as unchanged or in Stage 1 of the voice change and the majority of eighth-grade participants were classified in Stages 4 to 5 of the voice change. Of the participants labeled “tenors” in their choir, over 60% were classified as either unchanged voices or in Stage 1 of the voice change.

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Brayboy, Mary E., and Mary Y. Morgan. "Voices of indianness." Women's Studies International Forum 21, no. 4 (July 1998): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(98)00045-4.

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12

Hoffman, R. E., M. Varanko, J. Gilmore, and A. L. Mishara. "Experiential features used by patients with schizophrenia to differentiate ‘voices’ from ordinary verbal thought." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 8 (November 30, 2007): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002395.

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BackgroundDetermining how patients distinguish auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) from their everyday thoughts may shed light on neurocognitive processes leading to these symptoms.MethodFifty patients reporting active AVHs (‘voices’) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected to determine: (a) the degree to which patients distinguished voices from their own thoughts; (b) the degree to which their thoughts had verbal form; and (c) the experiential basis for identifying experiences as voices versus their own verbal thoughts. Six characteristics of acoustic/verbal images were considered: (1) non-self speaking voice, (2) loudness, (3) clarity, (4) verbal content, (5) repetition of verbal content, and (6) sense of control.ResultsFour subjects were eliminated from the analysis because they reported absent verbal thought or a total inability to differentiate their own verbal thoughts from voices. For the remaining 46 patients, verbal content and sense of control were rated as most salient in distinguishing voices from everyday thoughts. With regard to sensory/perceptual features, identification of speaking voice as non-self was more important in differentiating voices from thought than either loudness or clarity of sound images.ConclusionsMost patients with schizophrenia and persistent AVHs clearly distinguish these experiences from their everyday thoughts. An adequate mechanistic model of AVHs should account for distinctive content, recognizable non-self speaking voices, and diminished sense of control relative to ordinary thought. Loudness and clarity of sound images appear to be of secondary importance in demarcating these hallucination experiences.

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Carvalho, Maria Eduarda Salgado, João Manuel Rosado de Miranda Justo, Maya Gratier, and Helena Maria Ferreira Rodrigues da Silva. "The Impact of Maternal Voice on the Fetus: A Systematic Review." Current Women s Health Reviews 15, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573404814666181026094419.

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Background: Studies have shown pre-natal memory underlining the ability of newborns to discriminate maternal vs. other voices and to recognize linguistic stimuli presented prenatally by the mother. The fetus reacts to maternal voice at the end of gestation but it is important to clarify the indicators and conditions of these responses. Objective: To understand the state of the art concerning: 1) indicators of fetal reactions to maternal voice vs. other voices; 2) conditions of maternal voice required to obtain fetal response, 3) neonatal recognition of maternal voice and of linguistic material presented prenatally and 4) obstetric and behavioral maternal conditions compromising fetal ability to discriminate between maternal and other female voices. Method: Systematic review using EBSCO, WEBSCIENCE and MEDLINE. Eligibility: studies with maternal voice delivered before birth as stimulus and with fetal or neonatal behavior as responses. Results: Fetal responses to maternal voice are observed through fetal cardiac, motor (fetal yawning decrease, mouth opening, fetal body movements) and brain responses (activation of the lower bank of the left temporal lobe). Newborns’ head orientation and non-nutritive sucking are shown as being neonatal indicators. Conclusion: Gestational age, baseline measures (fetal state, acoustic conditions and pre-stimulus time) and obstetrical conditions may enable or compromise fetal discrimination between maternal and other voices. The role of maternal voice for prenatal human bonding needs to be discussed according to different maternity conditions such as surrogate mothers. A new paradigm is suggested; the focus of research should be on maternal-fetal interaction under the presence of maternal voice.</P>

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Shoup-Knox, Melanie L., Grant M. Ostrander, Gabrielle E. Reimann, and R. Nathan Pipitone. "Fertility-Dependent Acoustic Variation in Women’s Voices Previously Shown to Affect Listener Physiology and Perception." Evolutionary Psychology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 147470491984310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919843103.

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Previous research demonstrates that listeners perceive women’s voices as more attractive when recorded at high compared to low fertility phases of the menstrual cycle. This effect has been repeated with multiple voice recording samples, but one stimuli set has shown particularly robust replications. First collected by Pipitone and Gallup (2008), women were recorded counting from 1–10 on approximately the same day and time once a week for 4 weeks. Repeatedly, studies using these recordings have shown that naturally cycling women recorded at high fertility are rated as more attractive compared to voices of the same women at low fertility. Additionally, these stimuli have been shown to elicit autonomic nervous system arousal and precipitate a rise in testosterone levels among listeners. Although previous studies have examined the acoustic properties of voices across the menstrual cycle, they reach little consensus. The current study evaluates Pipitone and Gallup’s voice stimuli from an acoustic perspective, analyzing specific vocal characteristics of both naturally cycling women and women taking hormonal contraceptives. Results show that among naturally cycling women, variation in vocal amplitude (shimmer) was significantly lower in high fertility recordings compared to the women’s voices at low fertility. Harmonics-to-noise ratio and variation in voice pitch (jitter) also fluctuated systematically across voices sampled at different times during the menstrual cycle, though these effects were not statistically significant. It is possible that these acoustic changes could account for some of the replicated perceptual, hormonal, and physiological changes documented in prior literature using these voice stimuli.

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15

Feld, S. "Voices of the Rainforest." Public Culture 4, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-4-1-131.

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16

Griffin, R. A. "Radical institutionalism: contemporary voices." History of Political Economy 22, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-22-4-758.

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17

Messner, Claudius. "Listening to Distant Voices." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 33, no. 4 (May 30, 2020): 1143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11196-020-09735-4.

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18

Bosley, Katrine, Charlotte Casebourn, Priscilla Chan, Janice Chen, Michael Chen, George Church, John Cumbers, et al. "Voices of biotech leaders." Nature Biotechnology 39, no. 6 (June 2021): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00941-4.

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Louise, Stephanie, Susan L. Rossell, and Neil Thomas. "The Acceptability, Feasibility and Potential Outcomes of an Individual Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Hearing Voices." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 47, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465818000425.

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Background:A prominent area of advancement in the psychological treatment for people with persisting psychosis has been the application of mindfulness-based therapies. Recent literature has recommended the investigation of focused mindfulness interventions for voices (auditory hallucinations) as a specific experience. To date, only mindfulness programs in group format have been examined.Aims:This non-randomized pilot study aimed to assess the acceptability, feasibility and potential outcomes of an individual mindfulness program for persistent voices on the negative impact of voices on the subjective experience of mental health and wellbeing, depression and voice-related distress and disruption. Also, it aimed to identify potential psychological and neurocognitive mechanisms of change.Method:A new 4-week individual Mindfulness Program for Voices (iMPV) was developed, and piloted with a group of 14 participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and persisting voices. Participants completed clinical and neurocognitive measures pre- and post-intervention and at 2-month follow-up.Results:Results revealed low attrition rates, high formal practice engagement levels and positive participant feedback. Pre–post outcomes suggested small to moderate effects for a reduction in the negative impact of voices on experience, depression and disruption. Large effects for changes in mindful responding and attentional switching were also identified.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that this novel treatment protocol is appropriate, engaging and safe for persistent voice hearers. Findings for mindful responding and attentional switching suggest these to be potential mechanisms of change for further investigation. Further RCTs are warranted to ascertain the feasibility and efficacy for focused mindfulness interventions for voices of individual format.

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Gatovskaya, Evgeniya. "Concerts Vasily Titov for 4 Voices: New Discoveries." St.Tikhons' University Review. Series V. Christian Art 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturv201622.90-104.

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Rudmann, Darrell S., Jason S. McCarley, and Arthur F. Kramer. "Bimodal Displays Improve Speech Comprehension in Environments with Multiple Speakers." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 2 (June 2003): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.2.329.27237.

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Attending to a single voice when multiple voices are present is a challenging but common occurrence. An experiment was conducted to determine (a) whether presenting a video display of the target speaker aided speech comprehension in an environment with competing voices, and (b) whether the “ventriloquism effect” could be used to enhance comprehension, as found by Driver (1996), using ecologically valid stimuli. Participants listened for target words from videos of an actress reading while simultaneously ignoring the voices of 2 to 4 different actresses. Target-word detection declined as participants had to ignore more distracting voices; however, this decline was reduced when a video display of the target speaker was provided. Neither a signal-detection analysis of performance data nor a gaze-contingent analysis revealed a ventriloquism effect. Providing a video display of a speaker when competing voices are present improves comprehension, but obtaining the ventriloquism effect appears elusive in naturalistic circumstances. Actual or potential applications of this research include those circumstances in which a listener must filter a relevant stream of speech from among multiple, competing voices, such as air traffic control and military environments.

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Allen, Felicity. "The Disoeuvre: an Argument in 4 Voices (WASL Table); version 4:27." Visual Resources 34, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2018): 420–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973762.2018.1524218.

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Situmorang, Komilie, Dwi Yulianto Nugroho, and Santa Maya Pramusita. "English Teachers’ Preparedness in Technology Enhanced Language Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic – Students’ Voice." Jo-ELT (Journal of English Language Teaching) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa & Seni Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jo-elt.v7i2.2973.

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Students’ voices matter because they tell us different perspectives of what happens in the classroom. This study focused on the students’ voices of the English Teachers’ technical and digital preparedness in technology-enhanced language learning. The study was designed in a descriptive quantitative method using a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire. This study recruited 105 nursing students to voice their teachers’ preparedness in the technology technology-enhanced learning during the pandemic. The result indicated the respondents’ voice expressed that their English teachers positively transformed along with the time. Teachers were found to be positively prepared in digital literacy, digital classroom, and digital assessment after a short period. Implications suggest that teachers and students adopt remote learning as it will soon be the new normal in Language Teaching.

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Hall, Jason David. "Introduction: The Voices of the Past." Clues: A Journal of Detection 25, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/clus.25.4.3-4.

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De Prisco, R., G. Zaccagnino, and R. Zaccagnino. "EvoComposer: An Evolutionary Algorithm for 4-Voice Music Compositions." Evolutionary Computation 28, no. 3 (September 2020): 489–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00265.

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Evolutionary algorithms mimic evolutionary behaviors in order to solve problems. They have been successfully applied in many areas and appear to have a special relationship with creative problems; such a relationship, over the last two decades, has resulted in a long list of applications, including several in the field of music. In this article, we provide an evolutionary algorithm able to compose music. More specifically we consider the following 4-voice harmonization problem: one of the 4 voices (which are bass, tenor, alto, and soprano) is given as input and the composer has to write the other 3 voices in order to have a complete 4-voice piece of music with a 4-note chord for each input note. Solving such a problem means finding appropriate chords to use for each input note and also finding a placement of the notes within each chord so that melodic concerns are addressed. Such a problem is known as the unfigured harmonization problem. The proposed algorithm for the unfigured harmonization problem, named EvoComposer, uses a novel representation of the solutions in terms of chromosomes (that allows to handle both harmonic and nonharmonic tones), specialized operators (that exploit musical information to improve the quality of the produced individuals), and a novel hybrid multiobjective evaluation function (based on an original statistical analysis of a large corpus of Bach's music). Moreover EvoComposer is the first evolutionary algorithm for this specific problem. EvoComposer is a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, based on the well-known NSGA-II strategy, and takes into consideration two objectives: the harmonic objective, that is finding appropriate chords, and the melodic objective, that is finding appropriate melodic lines. The composing process is totally automatic, without any human intervention. We also provide an evaluation study showing that EvoComposer outperforms other metaheuristics by producing better solutions in terms of both well-known measures of performance, such as hypervolume, [Formula: see text] index, coverage of two sets, and standard measures of music creativity. We conjecture that a similar approach can be useful also for similar musical problems.

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Killian, Janice N., and John B. Wayman. "A Descriptive Study of Vocal Maturation Among Male Adolescent Vocalists and Instrumentalists." Journal of Research in Music Education 58, no. 1 (April 2010): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429409359941.

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This descriptive study was designed to examine middle school adolescent boys’ singing voices ( N = 104) comprising volunteers enrolled in band ( n = 72) or choir ( n = 32). The authors sought to confirm possible earlier voice change, to compare vocal characteristics among frequent (choir) and infrequent (band) singers, and to determine use of falsetto during each voice stage. To assess falsetto, the authors had participants view and then imitate a segment of Shrek, in which characters speak in falsetto and bass. Students then spoke a line at high, medium, and low pitches. They then self-selected their highest and lowest singing pitches, sustaining them as long as possible. Following Cooksey procedures, the authors identified the boys’ speaking pitch and guided them to their highest and lowest pitches. Data consisted of demographic information; changing voice stages; high, medium, and low speaking contrasts; highest and lowest sung pitches (both self-selected and instructor-guided); number of seconds pitches were held; presence/absence of falsetto singing; and Likert-type responses to “Like singing?” and “Sing well?” Results confirmed that boys’ voices continue to change at an early age and can be divided reliably into predictable developmental stages and that speaking voices were 3 to 4 semitones above lowest sung pitches. Predictable identification of falsetto appeared elusive.

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Demina, Elena Anatolyevna. "Linguistic markers of represented speech in science fiction novels: a polyphonic approach." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.088.

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This paper aims to investigate the linguistic aspect of represented speech in the novel “The Martian Chronicles” by Ray Bradbury within the framework of M. Bakhtin’s concept of polyphony. The article provides a classification of linguistic signals of voices, determines their frequency, types of represented speech, the number of voices. The results of the study show that fragments with represented speech in the novel are few; as a rule, there are two voices in them. In other passages, despite the presence of several voices, the dialogical perspective is not expressed. Moreover, one linguistic marker can be simultaneously a lexical, syntactic and graphic signal; ideological markers creating a slight polyphonic effect. Syntactic means, being the most frequent ones, convey the perception of the character and form Bradbury’s special narration style.

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Vojtech, Jennifer M., Michael D. Chan, Bhawna Shiwani, Serge H. Roy, James T. Heaton, Geoffrey S. Meltzner, Paola Contessa, Gianluca De Luca, Rupal Patel, and Joshua C. Kline. "Surface Electromyography–Based Recognition, Synthesis, and Perception of Prosodic Subvocal Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6S (June 18, 2021): 2134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00257.

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate a novel communication system designed to translate surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from articulatory muscles into speech using a personalized, digital voice. The system was evaluated for word recognition, prosodic classification, and listener perception of synthesized speech. Method sEMG signals were recorded from the face and neck as speakers with ( n = 4) and without ( n = 4) laryngectomy subvocally recited (silently mouthed) a speech corpus comprising 750 phrases (150 phrases with variable phrase-level stress). Corpus tokens were then translated into speech via personalized voice synthesis ( n = 8 synthetic voices) and compared against phrases produced by each speaker when using their typical mode of communication ( n = 4 natural voices, n = 4 electrolaryngeal [EL] voices). Naïve listeners ( n = 12) evaluated synthetic, natural, and EL speech for acceptability and intelligibility in a visual sort-and-rate task, as well as phrasal stress discriminability via a classification mechanism. Results Recorded sEMG signals were processed to translate sEMG muscle activity into lexical content and categorize variations in phrase-level stress, achieving a mean accuracy of 96.3% ( SD = 3.10%) and 91.2% ( SD = 4.46%), respectively. Synthetic speech was significantly higher in acceptability and intelligibility than EL speech, also leading to greater phrasal stress classification accuracy, whereas natural speech was rated as the most acceptable and intelligible, with the greatest phrasal stress classification accuracy. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study establishes the feasibility of using subvocal sEMG-based alternative communication not only for lexical recognition but also for prosodic communication in healthy individuals, as well as those living with vocal impairments and residual articulatory function. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14558481

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Milton, Kay. "Women's voices from the rainforest." Journal of Rural Studies 12, no. 3 (July 1996): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(96)82236-4.

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Pemberton, Cecilia, Paul McCormack, and Alison Russell. "Have women's voices lowered across time? A cross sectional study of Australian women's voices." Journal of Voice 12, no. 2 (January 1998): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(98)80040-4.

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Solberg, Larry C., Linda A. Hoag, and Laura Beals. "Clinical Measurement of Fundamental Frequency in Normal and Dysphonic Voices Using Electronic Tuners." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 3, no. 3 (September 1994): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0303.96.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether fundamental frequency measurements made with two portable electronic tuners, relatively inexpensive devices used by musicians for fast-tuning their instruments, were comparable to those made with the Visi-Pitch (Model 6097) when analyzing both normal and dysphonic voices. Voice recordings of vowel prolongations and connected speech (oral reading) of 40 adult subjects (10 normal females, 10 dysphonic females, 10 normal males, 10 dysphonic males) were analyzed. Results indicated that measurements of connected speech samples made with the tuners correlated very highly with those made by the Visi-Pitch. The measurements of vowel samples made with the tuners also correlated very highly with those made with the Visi-Pitch with the exception of the dysphonic female voices. Measurement differences of approximately one octave for two severely dysphonic female voices contributed to the lower but nevertheless significant correlations for dysphonic female voices. Regression analyses indicated that the tuners underestimated the measurements made with the Visi-Pitch by approximately 4 Hz or less. The results support the use of the tuners for clinical measurement of fundamental frequency when more sophisticated equipment is unavailable and when users are aware of the devices’ limitations.

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Dyck, R. "American Voices of the Chicago Renaissance." American Literature 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-73-4-874.

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Gerson, B. "Comment on "Voices of the Rainforest"." Public Culture 4, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-4-2-141.

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Leung, May May, Alen Agaronov, Tara Entwistle, Lorene Harry, Julie Sharkey-Buckley, and Nicholas Freudenberg. "Voices Through Cameras." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916678404.

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Engaging and empowering youth to promote health could be important in promoting sustainable positive behaviors. Photovoice is a community-based participatory research tool giving priority populations opportunities for active community engagement and advocacy through photography. Our project objective was to better understand youth perceptions related to food justice within their own community and identify solutions to promote positive change, using photovoice. Twelve minority youth from a low-income New York City neighborhood participated. Six photovoice sessions were conducted within a 24-week after-school food justice program, which included three photo assignments aimed at answering, “What influences me to eat healthy and unhealthy in my community and home environment?” Photos guided interviews and discussions. Inductive and deductive processes were used to identify codes; similar codes were grouped into themes. Five major themes emerged from the data: (1) attitudes toward food industry and food safety, (2) environmental influences of food choices, (3) social influences of food choices, (4) diet impact on health and well-being, and (5) solutions to improve the food environment. Participants shared their photos with community members at a celebration/photo exhibit. Photovoice could be a useful tool for youth to reflect on their food environment and engage in promoting positive change within their community.

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Tarnawsky, Marta, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka, Roma Franko, and Sonia Morris. "From Heart to Heart: Women's Voices in Ukrainian Literature, 4." World Literature Today 75, no. 1 (2001): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40156481.

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Surian, Alessio. "Voices in transition." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 10 (December 11, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-0-2012pp85-100.

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<p>The paper reports about the initial results exploratory studies focusing on cultural diversity in secondary schools as experienced by those students who are perceived by fellow classmates as “migrant” students and by society as “second generation” immigrants. The research is based upon data gathered in the Veneto and Emilia Romagna (Italy) regions through focus groups and in-depth interviews with “migrant” secondary school students (representing 4% of the total secondary students population) and their families highlighting what type of transition across cultural contexts is being performed by “migrant” students, who are the key institutions and educational roles that have an influence on such transition and what are they issues at stake in adapting to the demands of the various cultural contexts. The qualitative data are related to the potential contribution of the educational curriculum in terms of the development of young people relevant intercultural competences and by analyzing the specific policies in this field promoted by the various youth and educational agencies and institutions and the specific demands of organisations involving “migrant” students. Focus group and in-depth interviews indicate that “migrant” students are facing serious “integration” difficulties and that in the short run it is unlikely that secondary schools will provide adequate opportunities for voicing their transition strategies leaving a key role to youth groups and associations in elaborating transition strategies and in shaping and voicing young people needs and abilities for participation in social life.</p><p><strong>Published online</strong>: 11 December 2017</p>

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Vasconcelos, Margarida, Marcelo Dias, Ana P. Soares, and Ana P. Pinheiro. "What is the Melody of That Voice? Probing Unbiased Recognition Accuracy with the Montreal Affective Voices." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 41, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-017-0253-4.

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Cave, A. A. "Voices from the Delaware Big House Ceremony." Ethnohistory 50, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-50-4-778.

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Greer, Jane. "Letting Our Students' Voices “Out at Last”." Pedagogy 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15314200-4-2-331.

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Schroedel, Jean Reith. "Workers at Risk: Voices from the Workplace." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 9, no. 4 (1985): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-9-4-726.

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Sallee, Jeff, and Corbin Dewitt. "Digital Media Creates Youth Voices Heard." Journal of Youth Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2014.61.

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Oklahoma 4-H clubs and military service centers partnered with the Adobe Youth Voices (AYV) program to give youth opportunities to raise their voices through digital media. This program reached out to underrepresented youth and gave them the tools and technology to effectively express themselves. The intent of this project was for 4-H members to create videos to educate, help and raise awareness in their communities of topics that were important to the youth. These experiences help youth gain knowledge towards helping others solve farm, home, and community problems. Participating youth selected issues that were important to them and created a short video, educating others and sharing their convictions on the topics of horse therapy, citizenship, bullying, and distracted driving.

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Hojati, Zahra. "Voices from Iran." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i1.1736.

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Voices from Iran is authored by Mahnaz Kousha, an Iranian college professorwho lectures on issues relating to women in the Middle East at MacalesterCollege in Minnesota. The 10-chapter work provides a qualitative study, featuring15 Iranian women, that addresses the position of women in Iran.Participants ranged in age from from 38 to 55 and lived in the capital city ofTehran from 1995 to 1997. These women came from low- to high-incomefamilies, had educational backgrounds that range from high school diplomasto college/university degrees, and possessed employment experience in Iran.Even though the work can be considered a valuable piece in that it servesas a medium through which the voices of Iranian women can be heard, it doesnot necessarily reflect the experiences of all women due to the limitation ofthe research itself (region, language, religion). In addition, some of Kousha’sconclusions are far reaching and can be rendered debatable. For instance, theissue of why educated mothers still do not treat their daughters fairly andseem unable to help them question and resist their social status is notaddressed. The author also fails to provide an in-depth analysis regarding theimpact of family class and culture in shaping the subjectivities of their daughters.As well, the social and cultural impact of the Islamic revolution onwomen’s rights in Iran is not discussed. Moreover, a closing summary orassessment is not made at the end of the work.The book’s first three chapters include an introduction, a methodologychapter, and an introduction to the research participants. The analysis of thedata begins from chapters 4 and 5, where the different relationshipsbetween mothers and daughters are discussed. Some of the participants’experiences involve mothers who openly shared their problems and concernswith them such as the isolation and powerlessness that they have withtheir husbands or mothers-in-law. Others complained that their mothers discriminatedagainst them while giving their brothers preferential treatment.Of interest is the fact that the author does not explore the underlying factorsthat may have contributed to this problematic behavior such as parentaleducation, socioeconomic status, local culture, and religious issues.In chapter 6, Kousha analyzes the relationship between fathers anddaughters. The father is seen as the first man in his daughter’s life, providing ...

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Buli-Holmberg, Jorun, and Leda Kamenopoulou. "Attaining New Knowledge on Inclusive Education: A Case Study of Students’ Voices." ATHENS JOURNAL OF EDUCATION 4, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aje.4-4-5.

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Kynoch, G. "Reassessing transition violence: Voices from South Africa's township wars, 1990-4." African Affairs 112, no. 447 (March 3, 2013): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adt014.

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Connolly, Linda. "Emerging Voices: Women in Contemporary Irish Society." Women's Studies International Forum 24, no. 2 (March 2001): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(01)00153-4.

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Dringus, Laurie P. "The voices of Malaysia on online learning." Internet and Higher Education 4, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-7516(01)00060-4.

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Joslin, Jennifer. "Voices From the Field: Veteran Advisors." NACADA Journal 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-29.2.68.

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Recently veteran academic advisors were asked to share their experiences. The respondents to an E-mailed survey self-identified as advisors or administrators and represented six American regions and various sizes of public and private 2- and 4-year institutions. Their responses reflect a geniune interest in the welfare of students today and a thoughtful reflection on the changes in advising and advisees in the last 3 decades.

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Janusch, Sandra. "Voices Unheard: Stories of Immigrant Teachers in Alberta." Journal of International Migration and Integration 16, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0338-4.

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Hodgetts, William, Qi Song, Xinyue Xiang, and Jacqueline Cummine. "On a Vector towards a Novel Hearing Aid Feature: What Can We Learn from Modern Family, Voice Classification and Deep Learning Algorithms." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125659.

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(1) Background: The application of machine learning techniques in the speech recognition literature has become a large field of study. Here, we aim to (1) expand the available evidence for the use of machine learning techniques for voice classification and (2) discuss the implications of such approaches towards the development of novel hearing aid features (i.e., voice familiarity detection). To do this, we built and tested a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model for the identification and classification of a series of voices, namely the 10 cast members of the popular television show “Modern Family”. (2) Methods: Representative voice samples were selected from Season 1 of Modern Family (N = 300; 30 samples for each of the classes of the classification in this model, namely Phil, Claire, Hailey, Alex, Luke, Gloria, Jay, Manny, Mitch, Cameron). The audio samples were then cleaned and normalized. Feature extraction was then implemented and used as the input to train a basic CNN model and an advanced CNN model. (3) Results: Accuracy of voice classification for the basic model was 89%. Accuracy of the voice classification for the advanced model was 99%.; (4) Conclusions: Greater familiarity with a voice is known to be beneficial for speech recognition. If a hearing aid can eventually be programmed to recognize voices that are familiar or not, perhaps it can also apply familiar voice features to improve hearing performance. Here we discuss how such machine learning, when applied to voice recognition, is a potential technological solution in the coming years.

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Spence, Melanie J., Pamela R. Rollins, and Susan Jerger. "Children's Recognition of Cartoon Voices." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 1 (February 2002): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/016).

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We examined developmental changes in talker recognition skills by assessing 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children's recognition of 20 cartoon characters' voices. For each participant, the character set was subdivided into more and less familiar talkers based on the participant's ability to name each character. Four- and 5-year-old children recognized more of the voices (81% and 86%, respectively) than did 3-year-olds (61%), although performance of all age groups was well above chance. All groups of children were more accurate at recognizing more familiar than less familiar characters. These results suggest that indexical information about a talker becomes an integral part of the perceptual record in memory and can be used by children at a very young age. These results are important because children's ability to learn vocal sources may be an important aid to the development of spoken word recognition.

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