Academic literature on the topic '400 meter race'

Mondal, Subhash, Suharta Banerjee, Sugata Ghosh, Adrija Dasgupta, and Diganta Sengupta. "Machine Learning based Smart Electricity Monitoring & Fault Detection for Smart City 4.0 Ecosystem." In Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079005123050007.

McCoy, Roger M. "Winter at Eismitte." In Ending in Ice. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195188578.003.0009.

"Radionuclides in the land cover at hydronuclear test locations of the Semipalatinsk test site." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.40.11.

Wakabayashi, John. "Upper-plate versus lower-plate ophiolitic assemblages and their significance in interpreting orogenic belt evolution and processes." In The Virtue of Fieldwork in Volcanology, Sedimentology, Structural Geology, and Tectonics—Celebrating the Career of Cathy Busby. Geological Society of America, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1130/2025.2563(18).

"where K = kelvin. Because of the low temperature elevation in the low dose range, radiation calorimetry is limited in practice to the dose range above 3 kGy. This small temperature elevation is the gross result of the complex process of radiation interaction with matter. The individual steps of this process depend on the type of radiation used. Another type of physical dose meter, one that is used more and more in research and in industrial practice, is the alanine/electron spin resonance (ESR) system. Stable free radicals produced by irradiation in a concentration propor­ tional to the radiation dose in samples of pure, dry alanine are measured by ESR spectroscopy. The alanine is usually mixed 4:1 with paraffin (26) or 1:1 with polystyrene (27) of analytical grade quality. Reproducible dose response curves are obtained in the extremely wide dose range of 1 Gy to 100 kGy. In principal, any reproducible change caused by irradiation of a medium can be used to measure the absorbed radiation dose. In practice, only those changes can be evaluated which are stable for a reasonable length of time and which can be reliably measured by standard procedures such as titration or spectrophotometry. The chemical change is usually expressed as the G value, which is a measure of the number of atoms, molecules, or ions produced ( + G) or destroyed ( -G ) by 100 eV of absorbed energy. In the new SI system of units the G value is expressed as per J instead of per 100 eV. An important reference dose meter in food irradiation is the ferrous sulfate or Fricke dose meter. It is based on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe + ) to ferric ions (Fe + ) and consists of measuring the increased optical absorbance of the ferric ions at the absorption peak of 305 nm. For 60Co gamma rays the G value for ferric ion yield is 15.6 Fe3+ ions per 100 eV, or 9.74 X 1017 ions/J; the yield for electrons at a dose rate of 108 Gy/sec is 13.0. Fricke dosimetry is useful in the range 3 Gy. The upper limit can be extended into the kGy range by adding CuS04, which reduces the G value from 15.6 to 0.65. There are many other systems, such as the ethanol-chlorobenzene dose meter, which is based on the formation of hydrochloric acid from chlorobenzene. The hydrochloric acid can be measured by titration or by its effect on the dielectric constant. The useful dose range of this system is 1-400 Gy. In the low dose range, down to 5 Gy, radiochromic dye dosimetry can be used. When the colorless solution of pararosaniline cyanide in 2-methoxyethanol and glacial acetic acid is irradiated, an intense red color develops with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. More recently proposed methods belonging to the group of liquid dose meter systems are listed in Table 3. PMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dose meters belong to the group of solid phase dose meters. Irradiation of PMMA (e.g., Perspex) induces an absorption." In Safety of Irradiated Foods. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-39.

"phenols from piggeries. The total amounts are given in addition to the amounts of butyric acid and p-cresol which are both known as intensively smelling compounds. The recognition odour threshold values of these two components are included, as well. Under the assumption of a dust concentration of 10 mg/m3 (7) one cubic meter of air from a pig house contains 6.27 pg dust-borne VFA and 2.76 |j g dust-borne phenol ic/i ndol i c compounds; 62.7 mg VFA and 27.6 mg phenolic/indolic compounds are emitted from a 500 pig fattening unit per hour at a medium ventilation rate of 20m3/70kg pig-h. When comparing the dust-borne concentrations of butyric acid and p-cresol with the odour thresholds it seems that the concentrations are too small to be relevant for an odour nui­ sance. However, if the dust is removed from the gas phase of the air from animal houses the odour disappears ( 39),(40) ,(14). This supports the opinion of HAMMOND et al. (40) that the odor is concentrated on the dust particles. The authors conclude from their data that the concentration^ of the two odorants bu­ tyric acid and p-cresol is about 4 • 10 greater on an aerosol particle than it is in an equal volume of air. Thus, an aero­ sol particle deposited on the olfactory organ carries odour equivalent to a much greater volume of air (40). These consid­ erations indicate that dust from animal houses should be taken into account in connection with odour emission/immission meas­ urements not only by chemical analysis but by sensory evalua­ tions using olfactometers without dustfilters, as well. 5. CONTROL OF DUST-BORNE ODOURS There are basically two ways of controlling dust-borne odours. An effective way seems to be the filtration of the air to remove the dust (41). VAN GEELEN (14) reports on the reduc­ tion of the odour emission from a broiler house with 15.000 animals of 65% by means of filter bags when filtering the ex­ haust air. However, the investments and running costs amounted to about DM 4.00 per 100 birds per year. The second way is to avoid the dust release in the animal house as far as possible. The following possibilities are recommended: - feeding intervals, no self-feeding (17) - pellets instead of meal feed - wet feeding instead of dry feeding (25) - vacuum cleaning, fogging and showering (22) A reduction of the dust content in the air of animal con­ finements bare not only the chance to diminish the odour emis­ sion from the animal houses but can have a positive influence on the animals' health and performance, as well. Acknowledgement The author wants to express his thanks to Dr. W.Heidmann, Chem-mical Institute for his help in preparing Table IV, Dr.G.Klink-mann for revising the English text, Mr. K.H. Linkert for doing the drawing, and Mrs. U. Arzt for typing the manuscript." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-132.