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Journal articles on the topic '4003 Biomedical engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Wang, Xinwei, Haijun Peng, Sheng Zhang, Biaosong Chen, and Wanxie Zhong. "A symplectic local pseudospectral method for solving nonlinear state-delayed optimal control problems with inequality constraints." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 7, 2017): 2097–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4003.

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2

Zheng, Lei, and Hui-Fei Cui. "Use of chitosan conduit combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (January 26, 2010): 1713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4003-y.

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3

Díaz-Castillo, Carlos. "Transcriptome dynamics along axolotl regenerative development are consistent with an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity in dedifferentiated cells." PeerJ 5 (November 6, 2017): e4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4004.

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Although in recent years the study of gene expression variation in the absence of genetic or environmental cues or gene expression heterogeneity has intensified considerably, many basic and applied biological fields still remain unaware of how useful the study of gene expression heterogeneity patterns might be for the characterization of biological systems and/or processes. Largely based on the modulator effect chromatin compaction has for gene expression heterogeneity and the extensive changes in chromatin compaction known to occur for specialized cells that are naturally or artificially induced to revert to less specialized states or dedifferentiate, I recently hypothesized that processes that concur with cell dedifferentiation would show an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity. The confirmation of the existence of such trend could be of wide interest because of the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of cell dedifferentiation-based processes, i.e., regenerative development, cancer, human induced pluripotent stem cells, or plant somatic embryogenesis. Here, I report the first empirical evidence consistent with the existence of an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity for processes that concur with cell dedifferentiation by analyzing transcriptome dynamics along forearm regenerative development inAmbystoma mexicanumor axolotl. Also, I briefly discuss on the utility of the study of gene expression heterogeneity dynamics might have for the characterization of cell dedifferentiation-based processes, and the engineering of tools that afforded better monitoring and modulating such processes. Finally, I reflect on how a transitional reduction in gene expression heterogeneity for dedifferentiated cells can promote a long-term increase in phenotypic heterogeneity following cell dedifferentiation with potential adverse effects for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

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4

Dimitrijevic, Milan R. "The conducting and processing capabilities of the human lumbar cord network and “spinal brain”." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 58, s1-keynote (January 7, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2013-4001.

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5

Keen, Imelda, Lynette Lambert, Traian V. Chirila, Stefan M. Paterson, and Andrew K. Whittaker. "Degradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering – Part I: Synthesis by RAFT Polymerization and Characterization of PHEMA Containing Enzymatically Degradable Crosslinks." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 6 (September 2010): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.6.67.

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A nonapeptide, which is sensitive to enzymatic digestion by collagenase, was modified by the covalent attachment of an acrylamido group at the terminal positions. The functionalized peptide was used as a crosslinking agent during polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method was used to obtain a polymer (PHEMA) with an average theoretical molecular weight of 4000 Da, containing enzymatically labile peptide crosslinks. The functionalized peptide was analyzed in detail by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The polymerization reaction was monitored by near infrared spectrometry, while the resulting polymer was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and solid NMR spectrometry. The peptide-crosslinked PHEMA was subjected to an in-vitro degradation assay in the presence of collagenase. At the highest concentration of enzyme used in the study, a weight loss of 35% was recorded after 60 days of incubation in the collagenolytic medium. This suggests that crosslinking with enzymatically degradable peptides is a valid method for inducing biodegradability in polymers that otherwise are not degradable.

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Gurzhiev, A. N., S. N. Gurzhiev, M. G. Kirichenko, and A. V. Kostritskii. "Comparison of ProScan-2000 and ProMatrix-4000 Digital Fluorographs." Biomedical Engineering 39, no. 5 (September 2005): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-006-0014-x.

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7

Ghosh, Avijit, Priyanka Upadhyay, Sushmita Sarker, Shaswati Das, Mousumi Bhattacharjee, Saurav Bhattacharya, Manisha Ahir, et al. "Delivery of novel coumarin–dihydropyrimidinone conjugates through mixed polymeric nanoparticles to potentiate therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 16 (2021): 5665–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00424g.

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Coumarin–dihydropyrimidinone conjugates (CDHPs) and their poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-PEG₄₀₀₀ mixed copolymer nanoparticles as excellent chemotherapeutic nanomedicine to control TNBC.

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8

Acharya, Chitrangada, Anindya Dutta, and S. C. Kundu. "Surface Treatment of Pure and PEG-4000 Blended Fibroin Films and their Characterizations as Matrices for in vitro Fibroblast Culture." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 23, no. 6 (September 18, 2008): 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328208094261.

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9

Kabeerdass, Nivedhitha, Karthikeyan Murugesan, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Ashok Kumar Kumaravel, et al. "Biomedical and Textile Applications of Alternanthera sessilis Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticle." Nanomaterials 12, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162759.

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The aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis (As) acts as the precursors for the quick reduction of silver ions, which leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles. In the agar, well diffusion method of the Klebsiella pneumoniae shows the minimal inhibitory concentration of 12 mm against A. sessilis mediated silver nanoparticles (As-AgNPs) at 60 µg/mL concentration. Fabric treated with novel AS-AgNPs is tested against the K. pneumoniae and shows an inhibitory action of 12 mm with mixed cotton that determines the antimicrobial efficacy of the fabrics. Uv- visible spectrophotometer was performed, showing a surface plasmon resonance peak at 450 nm cm−1. FTIR shows the vibration and the infrared radiation at a specific wavelength of 500–4000 cm−1. The HR-TEM analysis showed the presence of black-white crystalline, spherical-shaped As-AgNPs embedded on the fabrics range of 15 nm–40 nm. In the scanning electron microscope, the presence of small ball-shaped As-AgNPs embedded on the fabrics at a voltage of 30 KV was found with a magnification of 578X. EDAX was performed in which the nanoparticles show a peak of 2.6–3.9 KeV, and it also reveals the presence of the composition, distribution, and elemental mapping of the nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of synthesized nanosilver was carried out against L929 cell lines, which show cell viability at a concentration of 2.5 µg mL−1. Cell proliferation assay shows no cytotoxicity against L929 cell lines for 24 h. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from A. sessilis appears to be a cheap, eco-friendly, and alternative approach for curing infectious ulcers on the floor of the stratum corneum. Nanotechnology conjoined with herbal therapeutics provides a promising solution for wound management.

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10

Nezaria, Jeremy Y., Christopher Sheils, Emilia Jahangir, Vincent Roy, and Sonya Bhavsar. "BIO28: Learnings from the Impella 5.5 with SmartAssist Ceramic Bearing System after 4000 Clinical Implants." ASAIO Journal 68, Supplement 2 (June 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000840848.60419.3b.

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11

Nandikolla, Vidya K., Robin Bochen, Steven Meza, and Allan Garcia. "Experimental Gait Analysis to Study Stress Distribution of the Human Foot." Journal of Medical Engineering 2017 (November 2, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3432074.

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Researchers and clinicians are increasingly using plantar pressure and force measurement system to evaluate foot functions. This research evaluates the quality and reliability of a Tekscan HR mat to study the plantar pressures and forces acting during walking, running, jumping, and standing of healthy subjects. The following regions of the foot were investigated: heel, mid foot, metatarsophalangeal joint, hallux, and the toes. The arches of both feet of the three healthy subjects in the gait analysis were presented which addresses the balancing issues of the body during locomotion. The results indicated that the peaks at the big toe (79.4 ± 8.5 N/cm2, p = 0.0001) were the maximum compared to forefoot (40.3 ± 3.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), to midfoot (7.5 ± 1.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), and to heel (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) for jump activity. The running activity demonstrated similar results as jump where the maximum peak pressures were absorbed at the big toe region. The heel region during running (86.3 ± 12.6 N/cm2, p = 0.001) showed three times the pressure peak compared to the jump land (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) activity. The measurement system proved to be highly capable of detecting heel strike and toe-off moments.

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12

Abhari, Roxanna E., Joana A. Martins, Hayley L. Morris, Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy, and Andrew Carr. "Synthetic sutures: Clinical evaluation and future developments." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328217720641.

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Today’s sutures are the result of a 4000-year innovation process with regard to their materials and manufacturing techniques, yet little has been done to enhance the therapeutic value of the suture itself. In this review, we explore the historical development, regulatory database and clinical literature of sutures to gain a fuller picture of suture advances to date. First, we examine historical shifts in suture manufacturing companies and review suture regulatory databases to understand the forces driving suture development. Second, we gather the existing clinical evidence of suture efficacy from reviewing the clinical literature and the Food and Drug Administration database in order to identify to what extent sutures have been clinically evaluated and the key clinical areas that would benefit from improved suture materials. Finally, we apply tissue engineering and regenerative medicine design hypotheses to suture materials to identify routes by which bioactive sutures can be designed and passed through regulatory hurdles, to improve surgical outcomes. Our review of the clinical literature revealed that many of the sutures currently in use have been available for decades, yet have never been clinically evaluated. Since suture design and development is industry driven, incremental modifications have allowed for a steady outflow of products while maintaining a safe regulatory position and limiting costs. Until recently, there has been little academic interest in suture development, however the rise of regenerative medicine strategies is shifting the suture paradigm from an inert material, which mechanically approximates tissue, to a bioactive material, which also actively promotes cell-directed repair and a positive healing response. These materials hold significant therapeutic potential, but could be associated with an increased regulatory burden, cost, and clinical evaluation compared with current devices.

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13

Varady, Patrick A., Markus Greinwald, and Peter Augat. "Biomechanical comparison of a novel monocortical and two common bicortical external fixation systems regarding rigidity and dynamic stability." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2017-0051.

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Abstract Aim: To biomechanically compare a monocortical single frame external fixator (Orthofix UNYCO) with two bicortical fixator systems (dual frame: Stryker Hoffmann and single frame: Synthes LEF) with respect to system rigidity and stability under cyclic loading. Methods: The fixator systems were assessed for axial rigidity under loads which would occur clinically during fixator application and dynamic stability (cyclic fatigue) under loads which would occur in the first week postoperatively. Tests were performed on porcine tibiae (n>5 per group) with characteristic frame configurations. Loads were applied with an electrodynamic material testing machine and pin and frame deformations were continuously monitored with a marker based motion capturing system. Results: The bicortical single frame fixator revealed the largest rigidity (276±55) N/mm and was 20% (p=0.116) stiffer compared to the bicortical dual frame configuration and 39% (p=0.003) stiffer compared to the monocortical system. All systems survived 4000 cycles of loading, with the smallest vertical displacement (2.44±0.54 mm) observed for the bicortical dual frame system, followed by the monocortical single frame (3±0.55 mm, p=0.85) and bicortical single frame (3.25±0.96 mm, p=0.215). Conclusion: The monocortical fixation system performed comparably to the bicortical systems for its intended use as a temporary treatment before a definitive fracture osteosynthesis by plating or nailing.

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14

Yang, Tae Young, Jung Min Lee, Seog Young Yoon, and Hong Chae Park. "Hydroxyapatite scaffolds processed using a TBA-based freeze-gel casting/polymer sponge technique." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (January 23, 2010): 1495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4000-1.

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15

Liang, Chenghao, Runfen Zheng, Naibao Huang, and Bo Wu. "Electrochemical behaviour of Ti–Ni SMA and Co–Cr alloys in dynamic Tyrode’s simulated body fluid." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (February 9, 2010): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4002-z.

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16

Cherng, Jong-Yuh, Yuan-Po Lee, Chao-Hsien Lin, Kui-Hsiang Chang, Wei-Yang Chang, and Min-Da Shau. "The characteristics and transfection efficiency of PEI modified by biodegradable poly(β-amino ester)." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (February 5, 2010): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4004-x.

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17

Ajeesh, M., B. F. Francis, John Annie, and P. R. Harikrishna Varma. "Nano iron oxide–hydroxyapatite composite ceramics with enhanced radiopacity." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (February 27, 2010): 1427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4005-9.

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18

Detta, Nicola, Cesare Errico, Dinuccio Dinucci, Dario Puppi, David A. Clarke, Gwendolen C. Reilly, and Federica Chiellini. "Novel electrospun polyurethane/gelatin composite meshes for vascular grafts." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (February 5, 2010): 1761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4006-8.

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19

Yang, H. Y., X. P. Chi, S. Yang, and J. R. G. Evans. "Mechanical strength of extrusion freeformed calcium phosphate filaments." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 1503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-010-4009-5.

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20

Taga, I., A. Funakubo, T. Kinoshita, S. Ichiba, T. Yasuda, S. Ahmed, T. Higami, T. Kawamura, N. Shimizu, and Y. Fukui. "EVALUATION OF THE GAS TRANSFER RATE OF AN IMPROVED MODEL IN MENOX EL-4000 FOR IMPLANTABLE OXYGENATOR." ASAIO Journal 47, no. 2 (March 2001): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200103000-00035.

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21

Nakamura, Masahide, Wataru Sugiyama, and Manabu Haruna. "An Experiment on the Pulsatile Flow at Transitional Reynolds Numbers—The Fluid Dynamical Meaning of the Blood Flow Parameters in the Aorta." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4A (November 1, 1993): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895505.

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An experiment on the fully developed sinusoidal pulsatile flow at transitional Reynolds numbers was performed to evaluate the basic characteristics of the wall shear stress. In this experiment, the wall shear stress was calculated from the measured section averaged axial velocity and the pressure gradient by using the section averaged Navier-Stokes equation. The experimental results showed that the ratio of the amplitude of the wall shear stress to the amplitude of the pressure gradient had the maximum value when the time averaged Reynolds number was about 4000 and the Womersley number was about 10. As this condition is close to the blood flow condition in the human aorta, it is suggested that the parameter of the aorta has an effect to increase the amplitude of the wall shear stress acting on the arterial wall.

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22

Branca, Malorye Allison. "Reproducing with DNA." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 11 (November 2017): 1016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4002.

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23

Yin, Hao, Chun-Qing Song, Sneha Suresh, Qiongqiong Wu, Stephen Walsh, Luke Hyunsik Rhym, Esther Mintzer, et al. "Structure-guided chemical modification of guide RNA enables potent non-viral in vivo genome editing." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 12 (November 13, 2017): 1179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4005.

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24

Coutu, Daniel L., Konstantinos D. Kokkaliaris, Leo Kunz, and Timm Schroeder. "Three-dimensional map of nonhematopoietic bone and bone-marrow cells and molecules." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 12 (November 13, 2017): 1202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4006.

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25

Wolpe, Paul Root, and Karen S. Rommelfanger. "Ethical principles for the use of human cellular biotechnologies." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 11 (November 2017): 1050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4007.

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26

Francisco, Michael. "Third-quarter biotech job picture." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 11 (November 2017): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4008.

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27

Waltz, Emily. "Health under DeParle and Sebelius." Nature Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (May 2009): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0509-400a.

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28

Bethencourt, Victor. "Google spawns venture fund." Nature Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (May 2009): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0509-400b.

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29

Li, Zhicheng, Ming Li, Yinliang Xu, Hong Huang, and Satyajayant Misra. "Finite-time stability and stabilization of semi-Markovian jump systems with time delay." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 2064–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4000.

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30

Cheng, Yingying, Ruting Jia, Haibo Du, Guanghui Wen, and Wenwu Zhu. "Robust finite-time consensus formation control for multiple nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots via output feedback." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 2082–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4002.

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31

Mu, Lingxia, Leyao Li, Xiang Yu, Youmin Zhang, Ping Li, and Xinmin Wang. "Observer‐based fault‐tolerant control of hypersonic scramjet vehicles in the presence of actuator faults and saturation." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 29, no. 16 (December 7, 2017): 5377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4004.

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32

Zhang, Meng, Peng Shi, Zhitao Liu, Jianping Cai, and Hongye Su. "Dissipativity-based asynchronous control of discrete-time Markov jump systems with mixed time delays." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 7, 2017): 2161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4005.

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33

Xie, Chun-Hua, and Guang-Hong Yang. "Secure estimation for cyber-physical systems with adversarial attacks and unknown inputs: AnL2-gain method." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 11, 2017): 2131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4007.

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34

Ai, Xiaolin, Jianqiao Yu, Zhenyue Jia, Di Yang, Xuan Xu, and Yuanchuan Shen. "Disturbance observer-based consensus tracking for nonlinear multiagent systems with switching topologies." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 18, 2017): 2144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4008.

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35

Yu, Zhiyong, Haijun Jiang, Da Huang, and Cheng Hu. "Directed spanning tree-based adaptive protocols for second-order consensus of multiagent systems." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 28, no. 6 (December 14, 2017): 2172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4009.

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36

Ahrenholz, P., R. E. Winkler, W. Ramlow, M. Tiess, and O. Thews. "On-Line Hemodiafiltration with Pre- and Postdilution: Impact on the Acid-Base Status." International Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 6 (June 1998): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889802100601.

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With on-line formation of the substitution fluid, high substitution rates in predilution (PRD) and postdilution (POD) can be obtained (Fresenius 4008 On-Line HDF, Gambro AK 100 Ultra). The substitution fluid is branched off from the dialysate produced by the dialysate delivery system of the HDF machine. Under these conditions it is desirable to consider the effect of the different treatment modes on the acid-base status. Using Fresenius 4008 On-Line HDF machines, ESRD-patients were treated alternately with high-flux hemodialysis (HD), postdilution HDF (POD-HDF) and predilution HDF (PRD-HDF), while all other treatment parameters were kept constant, in particular the bicarbonate dialysate concentration. Plasma-HCO3, - pH and -pCO2 were measured and compared with the results of a multicompartment bicarbonate model developed by Thews. Also plasma-pO2 and K+ were measured. The results showed no significant differences between HD, POD- and PRD-HDF. Acidosis was corrected effectively and no excessive compensation of the acid-base disturbance was observed.

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Kischkel, Sabine, and Carsten M. Bünger. "Comparison of open versus endovascular surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3123.

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AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common condition of increasing prevalence, particularly among older men. An AAA is defined as a permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, with a diameter greater than 30 mm or a diameter greater than 50% of the aortic diameter at the level of the diaphragm. As the size of the aneurysm increases, so does the risk of rupture. Therefore, prophylactic repair with insertion of a prosthetic graft is offered. Since 1951 traditional open aneurysm repair (OAR) was reported and minimally invasive endovascular repair (EVAR) was first reported in 1986. Data from four randomized controlled trials (EVAR-1, DREAM, OVER, ACE) for abdominal aortic aneurysm, which enrolled almost 3000 patients, in a period from 1999 to 2008, were summarized. In addition, registry databases on the treatment of AAA of average 4000 patients per year, based from 2015 to 2018 of the German Institute for Vascular Medicine Healthcare Research of the German Society for Vascular Surgery and Vascular Medicine, were compared. The EVAR procedure for AAA showed a lower risk of perioperative mortality but was associated with a higher cardiovascular and aneurysm-related complication rate. In particular, patients aged 80 years or older benefited from EVAR since the 30-day mortality of patients receiving OAR was higher. In mid-term and long-term follow-up there were no differences in survival after endovascular and open aortic repair. Overall, it depends on the respective underlying disease and anatomy which of the two approaches is to be preferred. In conclusion, both treatment options can be considered as equal and can be offered to patients.

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Bieck, Richard, David Baur, Johann Berger, Tim Stelzner, Anna Völker, Juliane Neumann, Christoph-E. Heyde, and Thomas Neumuth. "An interactive system for muscle and fat tissue identification of the lumbar spine using semantic segmentation." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2099.

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Abstract We introduce a system that allows the immediate identification and inspection of fat and muscle structures around the lumbar spine as a means of orthopaedic diagnostics before surgical treatment. The system comprises a backend component that accepts MRI data from a web-based interactive frontend as REST requests. The MRI data is passed through a U-net model, fine-tuned on lumbar MRI images, to generate segmentation masks of fat and muscle areas. The result is sent back to the frontend that functions as an inspection tool. For the model training, 4000 MRI images from 108 patients were used in a k-fold cross-validation study with k = 10. The model training was performed over 25-30 epochs. We applied shift, scale, and rotation operations as well as elastic deformation and distortion functions for image augmentation and a combined objective function using Dice and Focal loss. The trained models reached a mean dice score of 0.83 and 0.52 and a mean area error tissue of 0.1 and 0.3 for muscle and fat tissue, respectively. The interactive webbased frontend as an inspection tool was evaluated by clinicians to be suitable for the exploration of patient data as well as the assessment of segmentation results. We developed a system that uses semantic segmentation to identify fat and muscle tissue areas in MRI images of the lumbar spine. Further improvements should focus on the segmentation accuracy of fat tissue, as it is a determining factor in surgical decisionmaking. To our knowledge, this is the first system that automatically provides semantic information of the respective lumbar tissues.

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Mohamed, Ahmed, and Andrew Davenport. "Comparison of methods to estimate haemodialysis urea clearance." International Journal of Artificial Organs 41, no. 7 (April 12, 2018): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398818766832.

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Introduction: Dialysis adequacy is traditionally measured by monthly blood urea sampling and calculating sessional Kt/Vurea. Modern dialysis machines can estimate clearances each session, so we wished to compare online measurements with standard Kt/Vurea. Methods: Urea clearance was estimated by intermittent changes in effective ionic dialysance and by continuous ultraviolet light absorption spent during the mid-week dialysis session. Total body water was calculated by the Watson equation and measured by multifrequency bioimpedance. Results: We compared Kt/Vurea measurements in 162 patients with online assessments: 38 by ultraviolet absorption and 124 by effective ionic dialysance (50 Fresenius 4008 and 74 Fresenius 5008). All online measurements overestimated single-pool Kt/Vurea (ultraviolet absorption mean bias 0.25 ± 0.24, effective ionic dialysance 4008H 0.25 ± 0.21 and 5008H 0.20 ± 0.25; p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between dual-pool Kt/V and ultraviolet absorbance (1.28 ± 0.26 vs 1.29 ± 0.27) or by effective ionic dialysance with the 4008 (1.40 ± 0.26 vs 1.46 ± 0.33), although the effective ionic dialysance 5008 overestimated clearance (1.39 ± 0.27 vs 1.31 ± 0.22; p < 0.01). Similarly, with dual-pool Kt/Vurea, the mean bias for ultraviolet absorption was 0.08 ± 0.35, for effective ionic dialysance (EID) 4008 was 0.13 ± 0.55 and for EID 5008 was −0.2 ± 0.36. Hence, the mean bias was greater with the EID 5008 compared to ultraviolet absorption (0.08 ± 0.35 vs −0.2 ± 0.36 vs p < 0.01). Conclusions: Online measurements allow dialysis adequacy to be measured every session. We found that although online clearances overestimated single-pool Kt/Vurea measurements, there were no significant differences between the continuous ultraviolet light absorbance method and intermittent effective ionic dialysance.

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40

Einav, S., and M. Sokolov. "An Experimental Study of Pulsatile Pipe Flow in the Transition Range." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4A (November 1, 1993): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895504.

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The study of pulsatile flows is relevant to many areas of applications. Typical applications include aerodynamics, biofluid mechanics, wind flows, and gas transport. Transition to turbulence during pulsatile flow is physiologically and clinically important. It has been suggested as a possible mechanism to enhance the transport of gases during high-frequency ventilation, may be related to valvular regurgitation and heart murmurs and to post stenotic dilatation and aneurysms. Measurements in a pulsatile pipe flow with a superimposed mean flow are reported. Data were taken in a water flow with mean Reynolds numbers in the range of 0 < Rem < 3000, oscillating Reynolds numbers of 0 < Reω < 4000, and Stokes parameter 7 < λ < 15. Velocity profiles of various phases of the flow, condition for flow reversal, and pressure losses were measured. The adequacy of a quasi-steady-state model is discussed. Condition for transition is determined by visually inspecting velocity signals at the centerline.

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Al-Trad, Bahaa, Sameh Gharaibeh, Ameerah Qeshawy, Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi, Almuthanna K. Alkaraki, Sahar Omari, and Malek Shehab. "Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Condensate Produced From Olive Mill Wastewater Using Solar Energy in Mice." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 15 (January 11, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.2.

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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of the environmental challenges associated with the olive oil industry. This study was carried out to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of oral treatment of OMW condensate in mice. Different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/kg) were applied once to investigate acute toxicity. Sub-chronic toxicity was investigated using thirty mice; two groups with (500, 4000 mg/kg/body weight) doses along with one control group. Acute toxicity study results showed that the LD50 was greater than the highest tested dose with no signs of systemic toxicity, mortality, or behavioral changes. In addition, the sub-chronic investigation did not show significant changes in behavior, body weight, and vital organs weight/body weight ratio along with no observed differences in the studied hematological parameters. Condensate dose of 500 mg/kg did not show significant differences in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, the AST serum level was significantly decreased and the serum level of BUN was increased at the dose of 4000 mg/kg. Results suggest that single and repeated oral doses of olive condensate administered orally are safe in mice

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42

Al-Trad, Bahaa, Sameh Gharaibeh, Ameerah Qeshawy, Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi, Almuthanna K. Alkaraki, Sahar Omari, and Malek Shehab. "Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Condensate Produced From Olive Mill Wastewater Using Solar Energy in Mice." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 15 (January 11, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.2.

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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of the environmental challenges associated with the olive oil industry. This study was carried out to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of oral treatment of OMW condensate in mice. Different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/kg) were applied once to investigate acute toxicity. Sub-chronic toxicity was investigated using thirty mice; two groups with (500, 4000 mg/kg/body weight) doses along with one control group. Acute toxicity study results showed that the LD50 was greater than the highest tested dose with no signs of systemic toxicity, mortality, or behavioral changes. In addition, the sub-chronic investigation did not show significant changes in behavior, body weight, and vital organs weight/body weight ratio along with no observed differences in the studied hematological parameters. Condensate dose of 500 mg/kg did not show significant differences in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, the AST serum level was significantly decreased and the serum level of BUN was increased at the dose of 4000 mg/kg. Results suggest that single and repeated oral doses of olive condensate administered orally are safe in mice

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43

Tayama, Eiki, Yoshinari Niimi, Yoshiyuki Takami, Yukio Ohashi, Goro Ohtsuka, and Tadashi Nakazawa. "Effects of Pulsatile Flow on Gas Transfer of Membrane Oxygenator: MENOX EL-4000 and Gyro C1-E3 Pulsatile Mode." Artificial Organs 21, no. 10 (November 12, 2008): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1997.tb00454.x.

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Rifai, Yusnita, Nurhaidah, Weltiansy Tanggulungan, Latifah Rahman, Sartini, and Deep Jyoti Bhuyan. "Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Solid Dispersed Nanoparticles of Synthetic Epoksilignan Targeting Pancreatic Cancer Cell as an Anticancer Agent." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2021.3127.

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MMEO (3′-methoxy-3′,4″(methylenedioxy)-2,5-epoksilignan-4′ol-6-on) is a derivative of DMEO (3′-methoxy-3″,4″(methylenedioxy)-2,5-epoksilignan-4′,6-diol) synthesized through demethylation using dimethylsulfoxide-acetic anhydride reagent. MMEO inhibits Hedgehog signaling at a concentration of 4.1 μM. The current study aimed to formulate MMEO as solid dispersed nanoparticles and determine their physicochemical properties and inhibitory activities. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis showed that the crystalline particles of the pure compound MMEO was smaller than MMEO nanoparticles. Image J software showed that at concentrations of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, the average nanoparticle sizes were 852.26 nm and 178.65 nm, respectively. Therefore, the MMEO solid dispersion system with the PEG 4000 polymer increases the solubility of MMEO. The higher the concentration of PEG 4000 the greater the solubility of MMEO. Treating pancreatic cancer cell lines with MMEO silenced the smoothened function by downregulating mRNA Ptch expression. This study suggests that MMEO may inhibit pancreatic cancer disease.

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Kusajima, Kunio, Takaya Hoashi, Koji Kagisaki, Kotaro Yoshida, Takayuki Nishigaki, Teruyuki Hayashi, and Hajime Ichikawa. "Clinical experience of more than 2 months usage of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (Endumo®4000) without circuit exchange." Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-013-0747-8.

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Magazù, S., E. Calabrò, and M. T. Caccamo. "Experimental Study of Thermal Restraint in Bio-Protectant Disaccharides by FTIR Spectroscopy." Open Biotechnology Journal 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701812010123.

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Background: In the present paper, InfraRed (IR) spectra on water mixtures of two homologous disaccharides, i.e. sucrose and trehalose, as a function of temperature have been collected. Methods: In particular, IR spectra were registered, in the spectral range from 4000 cm-1 to 400 cm-1, to investigate the thermal response of the water mixtures of two homologous disaccharides, through positive thermal scans, i.e. by increasing the temperature from the value of 25°C to the value of 50°C. The OH-stretching region has been analyzed by means of two simple and straightforward procedures, i.e. by evaluating the shift of the intramolecular OH stretching center frequency and the Spectral Distance (SD). Result and Conclusion: Both the analyses indicate that trehalose water mixture have a higher thermal response than that of the sucrose-water mixture.

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Tang, Yongjun, Zhiyang Li, Nongyue He, Liming Zhang, Chao Ma, Xiaolong Li, Chuanyan Li, Zhifei Wang, Yan Deng, and Lei He. "Preparation of Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles Mediated with PEG-4000 and Application in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Rapid Detection." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2013.1493.

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Kuntamalla, Srinivas, and Ram Gopal Reddy Lekkala. "Reduced Data Dualscale Entropy Analysis of HRV Signals for Improved Congestive Heart Failure Detection." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0040.

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Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important dynamic variable of the cardiovascular system, which operates on multiple time scales. In this study, Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis is applied to HRV signals taken from Physiobank to discriminate Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients from healthy young and elderly subjects. The discrimination power of the MSE method is decreased as the amount of the data reduces and the lowest amount of the data at which there is a clear discrimination between CHF and normal subjects is found to be 4000 samples. Further, this method failed to discriminate CHF from healthy elderly subjects. In view of this, the Reduced Data Dualscale Entropy Analysis method is proposed to reduce the data size required (as low as 500 samples) for clearly discriminating the CHF patients from young and elderly subjects with only two scales. Further, an easy to interpret index is derived using this new approach for the diagnosis of CHF. This index shows 100 % accuracy and correlates well with the pathophysiology of heart failure.

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Al-Sahly, Mosaed, Hany El-Hamshary, and Salem S. Al-Deyab. "Impact of Chain Length on Release Behavior of Modified Polyethylene Glycol Intercalated-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17860.

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A new drug delivery nanocomposite system was prepared from sodium montmorillonite (Na+Mt) intercalated with modified polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGs of different molecular weights (400, 4000, and 8000) were modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) to provide terminal quaternary ammonium sites capable for attaching with Mt or other materials through ion exchange. The modified PEG-GTMAC derivatives were reacted in excess amount with Na+Mt through ion exchange. The remaining quaternary sites were used for the attachment of sodium diclofenac as a model drug. The structures of the prepared clay-modified PEG-diclofenac systems were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release behavior of diclofenac from the different nanocomposites was studied at different pH values. With regard to the PEG chain length, the drug release increased with increasing PEG molecular weight (GCDIII > GCD-III > GCDII > GCDI). The kinetics of the release models was discussed using Korsmeyer–Peppas, Higuchi, and zero- and first-order models. The results of the kinetics study revealed that modified samples with PEG 400 and PEG 4000 (GCD-I and GCDII) exhibited non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous transport) while modified samples with PEG 8000 (GCDIII) exhibited super case-II transport.

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Lee, Kwanjae, Cheul-Ro Lee, Jin Soo Kim, Jin Hong Lee, Kee Young Lim, and Jae-Young Leem. "Electrostatic Discharge Characteristics of InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes with Si-Doped Graded Superlattice." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11189.

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We report the influences of a Si-doped graded superlattice (SiGSL) on the electrostatic discharge (ESD) characteristics of an InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode (LED). For comparison, a conventional InGaN/GaN LED (C-LED) was also investigated. The luminous efficacy for the SiGSL-LED was 2.68 times stronger than that for the C-LED at the injection current of 20 mA. The resistances estimated from current–voltage (I–V) characteristic curves were 16.5 and 8.8 Ω for the C-LED and SiGSL-LED, respectively. After the ESD treatment at the voltages of 4000 and 6000 V, there was no significant change in the I–V curves for the SiGSL-LED. Also, there was small variation in the I–V characteristics for the SiGSL-LED at the ESD voltage of 8000 V. However, the I–V curves for the C-LED were drastically degraded with increasing ESD voltage. While the light emission was not observed at the injection current of 20 mA from the C-LED sample after the ESD treatment, the emission spectra for the SiGSL-LED sample were clearly measured with the output powers of 10.47, 9.66, and 7.27 mW for the ESD voltages of 4000, 6000, and 8000 V respectively.

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