Journal articles: '4011 Environmental engineering'

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Baigarin, K. A., and V. A. Dvornikov. "Development of renewable power engineering in Kazakhstan." Applied Solar Energy 43, no. 4 (October 2007): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s11949-007-4014-8.

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Gattuso, J. P., W. Kirkwood, J. P. Barry, E. Cox, F. Gazeau, L. Hansson, I. Hendriks, et al. "Free Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2014): 4001–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-4001-2014.

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Abstract. Free Ocean CO2 Enrichment (FOCE) systems are designed to assess the impact of ocean acidification on biological communities in situ for extended periods of time (weeks to months). They overcome some of the drawbacks of laboratory experiments and of field observations by enabling (1) precise control of CO2 enrichment by monitoring pH as an offset of ambient pH, (2) consideration of indirect effects such as those mediated through inter-specific relationships and food-webs, and (3) relatively long experiments with intact communities. Bringing perturbation experiments from the laboratory to the field is however extremely challenging. The goal of this paper is to provide guidelines on the general design, engineering, and sensors required to conduct FOCE experiments. Present and existing FOCE systems are briefly described and examples of data collected presented. Future developments are also addressed as it is anticipated that the next generation of FOCE systems will include, in addition to pH, options for oxygen and/or temperature control. FOCE systems should become an important experimental approach for projecting the future response of marine ecosystems to environmental change.

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Mitz-Hernandez, Enrique, Miguel Gijón-Rivera, and Carlos I. Rivera-Solorio. "Annual thermal performance assessment of a regenerative evaporative cooling system under different climate conditions in Mexico." Indoor and Built Environment 31, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 988–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x211045732.

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A numerical heat and mass transfer model with thermophysical properties dependent on the temperature, humidity ratio and atmospheric pressure was developed. The numerical model was verified and validated against literature, and it showed good agreements. The pseudo-transient model provides a low-cost computational tool to evaluate the potential and performance of a dew point evaporative cooling system for a wide range of extreme climate conditions (BWh, BSh, Cw and Aw from Köppen classification). A parametric analysis of different operational and design conditions in the evaporative cooler was conducted. Results show that there is an optimal channel length for given climatic conditions. The Dew-point evaporative cooling (DPEC) system showed that the best thermal performance corresponds to the climate very arid (Hermosillo – BWh) with 4018 comfort hours (83.1%) followed by the climate arid (Monterrey – BSh) with 3470 comfort hours (90.9%), the mild climate (Puebla – Cw) with 295 comfort hours (100%) and the warm climate (Cancun – Aw) with 3452 comfort hours (62.3%). Finally, an engineering correlation for constant atmospheric pressure and channel length was obtained ([Formula: see text] of 93%).

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Borthwick, Alistair G. L. "Book review: Applied Statistics for Civil and Environmental EngineersApplied Statistics for Civil and Environmental Engineers NathabanduT. Kottegoda and Renzo Rosso. Wiley–Blackwell, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4051-7917-1, £79·50, 736pp." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 164, no. 2 (June 2011): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/eacm.2011.164.2.121.

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Raghav, Geetanjali, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Suresh Kumar, Rajesh Maithani, Alexis Iung, and Quentin Mercier. "Analysis of solar cooker with thermal storage for remote hilly areas: determination of heating and cooling characteristic time." Acta Innovations, no. 40 (September 30, 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.40.1.

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Solar cooking finds a major application in rural areas of Uttarakhand, India, yet its utilization is still limited due to certain limitation such as intermittent nature of solar radiations. This drawback limits solar cooker in becoming a viable alternate solution of LPG and other pollution causing resources such as wood. In order to cater this problem a numerical analysis of box type solar cooker with storage is carried out. The energy stored in the storage material will keep the cooker warm up to the time when food is consumed. Charging and discharging time analysis is performed in with an aim to understand the effect of storage on solar cooker. Heating and cooling characteristic time are being evaluated and analysed with storage. Thermal performance of box type solar cooker is measured in terms of figures of merit according to BIS standards. The effect of storage has also been analysed in terms of charging and discharging time and first figure of merit of box type solar cooker.it has been observed that during discharging the heat is stored for more duration as compared to the charging time as discharge time is approx. 4-5 hours while charging time for the same amount of insolation is around 3-4 hours.

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Xu, Yunfeng, Yangfan Fang, Kaili Wang, Wei Xia, and Guangren Qian. "Remediation of As/Cr co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic coupled with permeable reactive barrier." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 210017–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.017.

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In this study, the permeable-reactive-barrier (PRB) assisted electrokinetic (EK) was used to remediate As/Cr Co-contaminated soil, aiming to explore the optimal remediation conditions and the migration of As/Cr. The effects of PRB active substance, PRB location, voltage gradient and running time on the migration and transformation of Cr and As in simulated As/Cr contaminated kaolin were studied. The optimal parameters were as follows: PRB position was located near the anode (PRB A, the medium of PRB was hydrocalumite (CaAl-LDH)), initial voltage gradient was 1 V/cm, running time was 96 h. Under the optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of total arsenic (TAs) and total chromium (TCr) were 40.1% and 81.0%, respectively. This indicated that EK can effectively migrate As and Cr, and PRB can effectively adsorb As and Cr. The migration of As tends to both anode and cathode, while Cr tends to migrate towards the anode. The XRD patterns and FTIR spectra confirmed that the As immobilized by CaAl-LDH was mainly adsorbed on the surface, while Cr existed in CaAl-LDH by surface adsorption and intercalation.

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Wu, Qi, and Shouheng Sun. "Energy and Environmental Impact of the Promotion of Battery Electric Vehicles in the Context of Banning Gasoline Vehicle Sales." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 8388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228388.

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This study quantitively estimates the energy and environmental impacts of China’s promotion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the context of banning the sale of gasoline vehicles (GVs). Combining the population ecological growth model and the life cycle assessment method, the potential of BEVs promotion in reducing fossil energy (FE) consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under different timings of banning GV sales was dynamically simulated and analyzed. The results show that the current life cycle FE consumption and GHG emissions of BEVs are approximately 40.1% and 26.6% lower than those of GVs, respectively. Based on the development of automobile technology and the national energy plan, replacing GVs with BEVs can reduce GHG emissions and FE consumption by up to 43.61–55.81% and 46.33–55.45%, respectively. Compared with the scenario without BEV promotion, if sales of GVs in China are banned between 2040 and 2060, the point at which the carbon peak of the automobile market will be reached will be advanced by approximately two years, and the corresponding carbon peak value will be reduced by approximately 13.58–28.79 million tons of CO2-eq (MtCO2e). In addition, the annual FE savings and GHG emission reductions will reach approximately 2.99–6.35 million TJ and 276.54–488.77 MtCO2e by 2050. This research work will not only help authorities, managers, and the public to better understand the environmental and energy impacts of promoting new energy vehicles, but also provide a forward-looking reference for formulating comprehensive, systematic, and reasonable industrial planning to better promote a green and sustainable transformation of the automotive sector and solve the relevant energy and environmental problems.

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Možina, Klementina, Sabina Bračko, Dorotea Kovačević, Barbara Blaznik, and Klemen Možina. "Legibility of prints on paper made from Japanese knotweed." BioResources 15, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 3999–4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3999-4015.

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The spread of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) is a leading reason for worldwide environmental change due to their effects on biodiversity and humans. Some valued goods from IAPS have been produced, e.g. paper that consists of cellulose fibres from Japanese knotweed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the usability of this paper grade as a printing substrate, since it does not have ideal optical properties as it is expected from commercial office paper. Because it is widely used, inkjet printing technology was employed. Print permanence is essential, especially when printing documents. However, typographic characteristics must be considered to make a text more legible. Two widely used typefaces (Arial and Times) were tested in three commonly used type sizes (8 pt, 10 pt, and 12 pt). The results showed that the paper made from Japanese knotweed could have valuable properties and suitable legibility, especially when using typefaces with a moderate counter size, high x-height, and minimal differences in the letter stroke width to obtain an appropriate typographic tonal density with an adequate type size. Even after exposure to light, the texts printed in a proper type size and stroke width remained visible.

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Smith, H. V., A. M. Grimason, C. Benton, and J. F. W. Parker. "The Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Spp. Oocysts in Scottish Waters, and the Development of a Fluorogenic Viability Assay for Individual Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0051.

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A total of 262 water-related samples were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, of which 39.3% were positive, over a twelve month period. Similar data were obtained for their occurrence in samples of both raw and treated water from Scotland, with 40.5% of raw water and 40.1% of treated water being positive. Fewer oocysts were detected in the summer than in the autumn, winter or spring. In a 12 month survey of water used for abstraction, oocysts were detected at various times throughout the year in both raw and treated water. A series of conventional and fluorogenic dyes was used, in conjunction with a fluorescent labelled monoclonal antibody, in an attempt to assess their potential fox imprpving the identification of oocysts in water-related samples. In addition, preliminary data regarding the possible use of fluorogenic vital dyes as indicators of in vitro excystation and viability are presented.

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Ulliya, Sarah, and Siska Nurmenasari. "Spiritual Well-Being Perawat Ruang Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit X Kota Pontianak." Jurnal Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen Keperawatan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32584/jkmk.v5i1.1451.

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Perawat harus memahami dan menentukan spiritualitas mereka sendiri sebelumnya, agar dapat memberikan perawatan yang tepat. Belum ada penelitian terkait kondisi spiritual perawat di salah satu rumah sakit X di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan spiritual well-being perawat rawat inap di rumah sakit X di Kota Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif survei dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap sebesar 167 responden dipilih dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa data demografi atau karakteristik responden dan 20 pertanyaan instrumen Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) versi Indonesia dari Fisher. Hasil analisis dari skoring penjumlahan didapatkan nilai spiritual well-being tinggi pada 40,1% responden. Spiritual well-being berdasarkan domain menunjukkan responden yang memiliki tingkat personal swb tinggi sebanyak 33,5%, tingkat communal swb tinggi sebanyak 36,5%, tingkat transcendental swb tinggi sebanyak 38,3%, dan tingkat environmental swb tinggi sebanyak 34,7%. Item dengan mean tertinggi berdasarkan kelasnya ditemukan ‘mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan’ (Mean=4,73, SD=0,596) pada kelas ideal, ‘beribadah kepada Sang Pencipta’ (Mean=4,34, SD=0,683) pada kelas kenyataan, dan ‘beribadah kepada Sang Pencipta’ (Mean=4,01, SD=0,905) pada kelas bantuan untuk pasien. Kesimpulan: tingkat Spiritual Well-Being perawat di ruang rawat inap secara umum maupun per domain masih lebih banyak termasuk kategori rendah. Dengan kondisi tersebut rumah sakit dapat memfasilitasi perawat mendapatkan modul/pelatihan spiritual serta memfasilitasi perawat dengan sarana dan prasarana ibadah.

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Azhar, Sayed Waqar, Fujun Xu, Yinnan Zhang, and Yiping Qiu. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of flaxseed fiber bundle-reinforced polybutylene succinate composites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718821876.

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Flaxseed plants are widely grown globally due to the beneficial seed oil derivatives for human and animal consumption and other industrial uses. However, plentiful flaxseed straws are annually burnt after the harvesting of seeds, lacking utilization of the abundant flaxseed fibers, resulting in wastage of a valuable fiber resource and drastic increase in environmental pollution. In this study, initially the chemical composition and mechanical property of flaxseed fiber bundle were investigated, which resulted as 40.11% cellulose, 28.27% hemi-cellulose, 15.08% lignin, 6.3% pectin, 3.1% wax, and the tensile strength of 1.14 cN/dTex. The surface modification treatment was carried out with concentrations of 10 g/L and 20 g/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Later, flaxseed fiber bundles reinforced Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) resin composites were fabricated by thermal compression method. The tensile strength of untreated flaxseed fiber bundle/PBS composites was 78.2 MPa, while the flexural strength of 20 g/L NaOH treated flaxseed fiber bundle/PBS composites showed 84% increment from 26.70 MPa to 49.16 MPa. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed significantly rougher surface morphology and stronger interfacial bonding of the alkali treated fiber bundles with matrix. The good mechanical properties observed demonstrated the absolute potential of resultant composites reinforced by flaxseed fiber bundles for utilization in the civil and industrial applications.

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Vicuña Huaqui, Luis Antonio, Wislea Silva Queiroz, and Francisca Alejandra Riquelme Arenas. "Necesidad del conocimiento de la asociación entre la caries de infancia temprana y anemia ferropénica." Odontología Sanmarquina 25, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e20621. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/os.v25i1.20621.

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Sr. Editor.La caries de infancia temprana (CIT) es la presencia de una o más lesiones de caries (cavitada o no cavitada), ausencia (a consecuencia de caries) o superficies dentales obturadas en cualquier diente primario en un niño menor de 6 años, asociado a una disbiosis del biofilm oral que genera una mayor desmineralización y una menor remineralización 1; la anemia es la reducción de nivel de hemoglobina menor a 10,9 g/dL en niños entre 6 y 50 meses de vida 2; en el Perú la prevalencia de anemia es 40,1% en niños de 6 meses a 3 años 3 y la caries dental de 85,6% en niños de 12 años 4.

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Abd El Rahman, Reham, Sherif Taalab, Zainab Al Full, Mostafa Mohamed, M. Sayyed, Nouf Almousa, and Mohamed Hanfi. "Natural Radionuclide Levels and Radiological Hazards of Khour Abalea Mineralized Pegmatites, Southeastern Desert, Egypt." Minerals 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12030353.

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Arranged from oldest to youngest, the main granitic rock units exposed in Khour Abalea are metagabbros, cataclastic rocks, ophiolitic melange, granitic rocks, pegmatite and lamprophyre dykes. The presence of radioactivity associated with the heavy bearing minerals in construction materials—like granite—increased interest in the extraction process. As it turns out, granitic rocks play an important economic part in the examination of an area’s surroundings. The radionuclide content is measured by using an NaI (Tl)-detector. In the mineralized pegmatites, U (326 to 2667 ppm), Th (562 to 4010 ppm), RaeU (495 to 1544 ppm) and K (1.38 to 9.12%) ranged considerably with an average of 1700 ppm, 2881.86 ppm, 1171.82 ppm and 5.04%, respectively. Relationships among radioelements clarify that radioactive mineralization in the studied pegmatites is magmatic and hydrothermal. A positive equilibrium condition confirms uranium addition to the studied rocks. This study determined 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations in pegmatites samples and assessed the radiological risks associated with these rocks. The activity concentrations of 226Ra (13,176 ± 4394 Bq kg−1), 232Th (11,883 ± 5644 Bq kg−1) and 40K (1573 ± 607 Bq kg−1) in pegmatites samples (P) are greater than the global average. The high activity of the mineralized pegmatite is mainly attributed to the presence of uranium mineral (autunite), uranophane, kasolite and carnotite, thorium minerals (thorite, thorianite and uranothorite) as well as accessories minerals—such as zircon and monazite. To assess the dangerous effects of pegmatites in the studied area, various radiological hazard factors (external, internal hazard indices, radium equivalent activity and annual effective dose) are estimated. The investigated samples almost surpassed the recommended allowable thresholds for all of the environmental factors.

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Liu, Tao, Zhiqiang Shen, Chunyu Zhang, Yudong Song, Jie Li, Zongpu Yang, Guangqing Song, Zhenfeng Han, and Yuexi Zhou. "Effect of influent pH on hydrolytic acidification performance and bacterial community structure in EGSB for pretreating crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater after ozonation." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.118.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of influent pH on the hydrolytic acidification (HA) performance and microbial community structure in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) pretreating crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater (CMW) after ozonation. The results showed that higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate (40.1%) and acidification degree (27.6%) were obtained at pH 8.0 than those at pH 6.0 and pH 4.0. The concentration of extractable extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the sludge gradually decreased with the pH decreasing from 8.0 to 4.0. A similar change was also observed for the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the effluent. The optimal detoxification efficiency by the HA process was obtained at pH 8.0, with higher removal efficiency (all higher than 90%) of the main toxic pollutants (crotonaldehyde, 5-formyl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydropyran, etc.) and higher anaerobic biodegradation rate (44.5%) in biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay. Among the predominant genera, the Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were possibly related to biodegradation of pollutants, since their higher relative abundance also coincided with the better performance of the HA process at pH 8.0.

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Mosquera, Jhessica, Carol Rangel, Jogy Thomas, Angelica Santis, Paola Acevedo, and Ivan Cabeza. "Biogas Production by Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Co-Digestion and Life Cycle Assessment Using a Real Scale Scenario: Independent Parameters and Co-Substrates Influence." Processes 9, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111875.

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This study evaluates the performance of different agricultural by-products to identify the potential effect of independent variables, using as the dependent variable the biogas production. A Box–Behnken experimental design was carried out in a pilot-scale plant of four stirred stainless-steel digesters under mesophilic semi-continuous digestion. The results obtained support the creation of a technical framework to scale up the process and further evaluation of the potential environmental impacts through life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A stable behaviour was achieved in 12 of the 13 experiments proposed. The highest value of daily biogas production was 2200.15 mL day−1 with a stabilization time of 14 days, an organic loading rate of 4 g VS feed daily, low C/N ratio and a 1:1 relation of nitrogen providers. The concentrations of CH4 remained stable after the production stabilization and an average biogas composition of 60.6% CH4, 40.1% CO2 and 0.3% O2 was obtained for the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, the real scale plant was estimated to manage 2.67 tonnes of residual biomass per day, generating 369.69 kWh day−1 of electricity. The LCA analysis confirms that the co-digestion process evaluated is a feasible and environmentally sustainable option for the diversification of the Colombian energy matrix and the development of the agro-industrial sector.

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Sadaka, Sammy. "Determination of short-grain rough rice drying kinetics under isothermal conditions using an integrated model." BioResources 17, no. 3 (May 9, 2022): 4001–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4001-4017.

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The constants of the drying kinetics models of short-grain rough rice were determined under isothermal conditions between a temperature of 40 °C and 100 °C. The initial moisture content of the rough rice was 28.2% dry basis. The results revealed that increasing the drying temperature and drying duration decreased the moisture content of the rough rice. The lowest rough rice moisture content (15.58% dry basis) was achieved at a drying temperature of 100 °C and a drying duration of 6 h. Four well-known models, i.e., Page, Newton, Logarithmic, and Henderson and Pabis, were evaluated. The models were evaluated based on the highest coefficient of determination value; the lowest root means square error, and the Chi-square value. The Page and Logarithmic models fit four and three cases of the seven drying curves, respectively, among the four evaluated models. Accordingly, combining the Page and Logarithmic models in an integrated model resulted in a model that fits all the seven studied curves. Furthermore, increasing the air temperature from 40 °C to 100 °C increased the moisture diffusivity from 1.5517 × 10-9 m2/s to 4.2698 × 10-9 m2/s. As a result, the activation energy value reached 16.43 kJ/mol for short-grain rough rice under the studied drying conditions.

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Lee, Jung Myoung, Hasan Jameel, and Richard A. Venditti. "Effect of ozone and autohydrolysis pretreatments on enzymatic digestibility of coastal Bermuda grass." BioResources 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2010): 1084–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.2.1084-1101.

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Coastal Bermuda grass (CBG) has been shown to have potential as a biomass feedstock for sugar production. In this study, the effectiveness of ozone pretreatment for CBG to improve the sugar recovery via enzyme hydrolysis was investigated. Raw CBG and autohydrolysis-treated CBG were pretreated with ozone at ozone consumption of 1.8 to 26.4 % (w/w) at room temperature. Lignin degradation and hemicellulose solubilization increased with increased ozone consumption. At 26.4% ozone consumption by weight on CBG the amount of lignin in the CBG was reduced by 34%. Autohydrolysis of CBG increased the reactivity of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with ozone. The maximum total sugar recovery after enzymatic hydrolysis was 32% for a 14.0% consumption of ozone on raw CBG. For CBG samples pretreated with autohydrolysis followed by a 3.1% ozone consumption pretreatment the maximum total sugar recovery after enzyme hydrolysis was 40.1%. Autohydrolysis pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis yielded a 36.4% sugar recovery, indicating that the application and benefits of ozone after autohydrolysis with the conditions studied herein are marginally better than autohydrolysis alone.

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Reynolds, K. S., C. P. Gerba, and I. L. Pepper. "Rapid PCR-based monitoring of infectious enteroviruses in drinking water." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 11-12 (June 1, 1997): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0771.

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Currently, the standard method for the detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in water involves cell culture assay which is expensive and time consuming. Direct RT-PCR offers a rapid and sensitive alternative to virus detection but sensitivity is often reduced by PCR inhibitory substances and the requirement for small reaction volumes. Rapid methods for detection of infectious enteroviruses in PCR inhibitory environmental samples are being developed utilising an integrated cell culture/PCR approach (ICC/PCR). With this approach, 300–4001 of water were concentrated using charged filters followed by a modified 11, 1.5% BEV/glycine elution and organic flocculation reconcentration. Water concentrates were analysed by direct RT-PCR, conventional cell culture and ICC/PCR. For ICC/PCR, sample concentrates were incubated with BGM or FRhK cells for 24–48h. The cell culture lysates were collected following freeze-thaw cycles, centrifuged, resin column purified and PCR amplified. In this study viruses known to be present by cell culture analysis could not be detected by direct PCR. Using the integrated method, virus concentrations as low as 0.001MPN/l of original water were detected in samples which were previously inhibitory to direct PCR. In addition, confirmed enterovirus results were achieved as soon as 48h against 5–16d with cell culture alone. Therefore, the integrated approach overcame some of the traditional problems associated with conventional cell culture and direct RT-PCR by allowing rapid, confirmed detection of low levels of enteroviruses in PCR inhibitory samples.

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Kabir, M. I., H. Lee, G. Kim, and T. Jun. "Monitoring and assessing heavy metals in topsoils as potential diffuse pollutants in the Pyeongchang River Basin, Korea." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.233.

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Topsoils, mainly from crop fields, orchards, forests, and barns around the Pyeongchang River, were collected to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Pollution load index, ecological risk index, and enrichment factor were applied to assess levels of heavy metal contamination for topsoils. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.7 mg/kg) and chromium (Cr) (4.1 mg/kg) exceeded the troublesome level in one site, whereas zinc (Zn) (396.7 to 711.1 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (40.1 to 95.3 mg/kg) in several topsoils exceeded the troublesome to countermeasure levels, according to soil contamination standards for the study areas. A significant risk of contamination was observed for mercury (Hg) by all indices, although the concentration in most of the topsoils was below the guideline. As expected, a positive linear correlation was observed for the values of pollution load index and ecological risk index, demonstrating lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to those downstream. High to extremely high ecological risk was observed in several samples for Zn and Ni, while all of the soils were unpolluted to slightly polluted, according to the pollution load index. A baseline study was not performed earlier for these sites, so these assessed values of heavy metals should be used as reference values for further assessment.

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Bagul, Samadhan Yuvraj, Randhir K. Bharti, and Dolly Wattal Dhar. "Assessing biodiesel quality parameters for wastewater grown Chlorella sp." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.223.

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Microalgae are reported as the efficient source of renewable biodiesel which should be able to meet the global demand of transport fuels. Present study is focused on assessment of wastewater grown indigenous microalga Chlorella sp. for fuel quality parameters. This was successfully grown in secondary treated waste water diluted with tap water (25% dilution) in glass house. The microalga showed a dry weight of 0.849 g L−1 with lipid content of 27.1% on dry weight basis on 21st day of incubation. After transesterification, the yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 80.64% with major fatty acids as palmitic, linoleic, oleic and linolenic. The physical parameters predicted from empirical equations in the biodiesel showed cetane number as 56.5, iodine value of 75.5 g I2 100 g−1, high heating value 40.1 MJ kg−1, flash point 135 °C, kinematic viscosity 4.05 mm2 s−1 with density of 0.86 g cm3 and cold filter plugging point as 0.7 °C. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), 1H, 13C NMR spectrum confirmed the chemical nature of biodiesel. The results indicated that the quality of biodiesel was almost as per the criterion of ASTM standards; hence, wastewater grown Chlorella sp. can be used as a promising strain for biodiesel production.

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Akizuki, Shinichi, Germán Cuevas-Rodríguez, and Tatsuki Toda. "Anaerobic digestion effluent treatment using microalgae and nitrifiers in an outdoor raceway pond with fluidized carriers." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 6 (May 11, 2020): 1081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.226.

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Abstract Combining microalgae and nitrifiers in a single photobioreactor has attracted attention as an alternative approach for conventional nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, nitrifiers are known to be sensitive to light exposure. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using fluidized carriers to mitigate light stress in nitrifiers. An outdoor raceway pond containing microalgae and nitrifiers with fluidized carriers was used to treat two-fold diluted anaerobic digestion effluent (785 mg-N L−1 as a form of dissolved total Kjeldahl nitrogen: TKN) over 50 days. The average daily sunlight intensity reached the inhibition level of nitrifiers (423 μmol photons m−2 s−1); however, stable nitrification with a specific ammonium oxidation rate of 55 mg-N g-total suspended solid−1 day−1 was observed. TKN was mostly removed via nitrifier metabolism (ammonium oxidation and uptake: 40.1%) and partially via microalgae uptake (5.7%). Different microalgae-based processes including that of this study were compared in terms of tolerances to a high dissolved TKN concentration and strong light. Our system showed a relatively higher resistance to not only light exposure but also TKN because the nitrification process decreased the free ammonia level to less than 0.25 mg L−1, which allowed microalgae to grow despite the high ammonium concentration.

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Xiong, Jiaqing, Xiaochang C. Wang, Wei Shu, Teng He, and Yanzheng Liu. "Municipal sludge characteristic changes under different aerating condition in a deep-shaft aeration system." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 7 (December 15, 2015): 1493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.506.

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A pilot-scale municipal sewage sludge deep-shaft aeration system was implemented in Lanzhou, Gansu Province of China. The reactor depth was 60 m with a diameter of 1.0 m and the sludge to be treated came from a wastewater plant in Lanzhou. In order to obtain the optimum operation conditions, analysis was conducted on the transformations of the volatile suspended solids (VSS), temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pathogens in the deep-shaft reactor under different aeration conditions. Attention was paid to how operating conditions affected the removal efficiency of the VSS and the reaction temperature. As a result, higher volatile solids removal was gained at higher temperature, and the temperature could reach 50.8°C for a complete inactivation of bacteria in the first reaction zone when the deep-shaft aeration system was run for about 18 days. The sludge aeration rate was observed as 1.5 to 1.8 L/(h·L sludge) which enabled the volatile solids removal rate to reach 40.1%. The degradation of VSS occurred under a micro-oxygen environment, and the lowest ORP was found to be −256 mV in the digestive process. Not only aerobic bacteria but also anaerobic and facultative bacteria performed their functions in the reactor.

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BENNETT, G. "D.E. Heard, Editor, Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Measurement, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK (2006) ISBN 978-1-4051-2357-0 528 pp., Price: € 99.50." Journal of Hazardous Materials 147, no. 1-2 (August 17, 2007): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.020.

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Bashir, Abdallah Adil Awad, and Mustafa Özbey. "Modelling and analysis of an 80-MW parabolic trough concentrated solar power plant in Sudan." Clean Energy 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac032.

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Abstract Concentrated solar power plants can play a significant role in alleviating Sudan’s energy crisis. These plants can be established and implemented in Sudan, as their potential is considerably high due to the climate conditions in Sudan. This study investigates the design of a parabolic trough concentrated solar power plant in Sudan and analyzes its technical and economic feasibility. The simulation of the plant’s model used System Advisor Model (SAM) software. To determine the best location for the construction of the plant, data from 15 cities in Sudan were compared with each other based on their solar radiation and land properties. Wadi Halfa, a city in the northern region of Sudan, was chosen as the location due to its good topographical properties and climate conditions. The results show that the proposed plant can generate 281.145 GWh of electricity annually with a capacity factor of 40.1% and an overall efficiency of 15%. Additionally, a simple cost analysis of the plant indicates a levelized cost of electricity of 0.155 $/kWh. As the study results are consistent with the characteristics of similar plants, the proposed plant is considered technically and economically feasible under the conditions at its location.

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Ji, Deqiang, Qingxin Jia, Chuanli Zhu, Wei Dong, Hongjun Wu, and Guanzhong Wang. "A New, Efficient Conversion Technology to Transform Ambient CO2 to Valuable, Carbon-Based Fuel via Molten Salt Electrochemistry." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 8874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178874.

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Climate warming and environmental problems caused by the excessive consumption of fossil energy and massive CO2 emissions have seriously damaged the human living environment. This paper develops a new green, efficient, and environmentally friendly CO2 capture and conversion method, which is a crucial way to alleviate the greenhouse effect. In this study, alkali metal carbonates (and the corresponding hydroxides) are fused and blended to construct a liquid molten salt electrolyte system with excellent performance, which is applied to synthesize carbon materials or carbon-based fuel gas. By regulating the electrolyte composition and electrolysis parameters, carbon-based fuels with different micro-morphologies and compositions can be prepared in a controllable manner. In pure Li2CO3 electrolyte, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a high value are synthesized at 750 °C with, initially, 10 mA/cm2 and, finally, with 100 mA/cm2. Carbon spheres are obtained in Li-Ca-Ba at 750 °C with 200 mA/cm2, while honeycomb carbon is generated in the electrolyte of Li-Na-K at 450 °C with 450 mA/cm2. Syngas (33.6%) or CH4-rich fuel gas (40.1%) can also be obtained by adding LiOH into the electrolyte under 500 °C at 2.0 V and 3.2 V, respectively. This paper provides a new way of utilizing CO2 resources and a new sustainable green development.

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Azman, Nur Hawa Nabilah, Md Shuhazlly Mamat Mat Nazir, Lim Hong Ngee, and Yusran Sulaiman. "Graphene-based ternary composites for supercapacitors." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 6 (February 8, 2018): 2104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4001.

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Liu, Pingkuo, and Penghao Chu. "Wind power and photovoltaic power: How to improve the accommodation capability of renewable electricity generation in China?" International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 7 (February 12, 2018): 2320–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4013.

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Singh, Vishavdeep, Ibrahim Dincer, and Marc A. Rosen. "Investigation of new mechanical heat pump systems for heat upgrading applications." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 9 (February 13, 2018): 3078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4014.

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Thankakan, Rakesh, and Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar. "Investigation of thermoelectric generators connected in different configurations for micro-grid applications." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 6 (February 7, 2018): 2290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4015.

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Kaya, İhsan, Murat Çolak, and Fulya Terzi. "Use of MCDM techniques for energy policy and decision-making problems: A review." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 7 (February 13, 2018): 2344–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4016.

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Shahid, Seham, and Martin Agelin-Chaab. "Experimental and numerical studies on air cooling and temperature uniformity in a battery pack." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 6 (February 9, 2018): 2246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4018.

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Ahamed, Md Shamim, Huiqing Guo, and Karen Tanino. "Energy-efficient design of greenhouse for Canadian Prairies using a heating simulation model." International Journal of Energy Research 42, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 2263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4019.

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BENNETT, G. "In: K. Clive Thompson, Kirit Wakhia and Andreas P. Loibner, Editors, , CRC Press/Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK (2005) 408 pp., £129.95, ISBN: 1-4051-1819-9." Journal of Hazardous Materials 124, no. 1-3 (September 30, 2005): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.029.

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Prestipino, Mauro, Antonio Piccolo, Maria Francesca Polito, and Antonio Galvagno. "Combined Bio-Hydrogen, Heat, and Power Production Based on Residual Biomass Gasification: Energy, Exergy, and Renewability Assessment of an Alternative Process Configuration." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155524.

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Bio-hydrogen from residual biomass may involve energy-intensive pre-treatments for drying and size management, as in the case of wet agro-industrial residues. This work assesses the performance of an alternative process layout for bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel gasification, with the aim of cogenerating heat and power along with hydrogen, using minimal external energy sources. The process consists of an air-steam fluidized bed reactor, a hydrogen separation unit, a hydrogen compression unit, and a combined heat and power unit fed by the off-gas of the separation unit. Process simulations were carried out to perform sensitivity analyses to understand the variation in bio-hydrogen production’s thermodynamic and environmental performance when the steam to biomass ratios (S/B) vary from 0 to 1.25 at 850 °C. In addition, energy and exergy efficiencies and the integrated renewability (IR) of bio-hydrogen production are evaluated. As main results, the analysis showed that the highest hydrogen yield is 40.1 kgH2 per mass of dry biomass at S/B = 1.25. Under these conditions, the exergy efficiency of the polygeneration system is 33%, the IR is 0.99, and the carbon footprint is −1.9 kgCO2-eq/kgH2. Negative carbon emissions and high values of the IR are observed due to the substitution of non-renewable resources operated by the cogenerated streams. The proposed system demonstrated for the first time the potential of bio-hydrogen production from citrus peel and the effects of steam flow variation on thermodynamic performance. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated how bio-hydrogen could be produced with minimal external energy input while cogenerating net heat and power by exploiting the off-gas in a cogeneration unit.

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Millán-Páramo, Carlos, Euriel Millán-Romero, and Fernando Jove Wilches. "Bioengineering in a Poultry Facility in Northern Colombia." International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 13, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.37624/ijert/13.11.2020.4004-4010.

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Rajkishore, S. K., P. Doraisamy, M. Maheswari, K. S. Subramanian, R. Prabhu, and G. Vanitha. "Modulations in carbon and nitrogen assimilation patterns in rice plants exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 4(SI) (July 1, 2021): 1114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/4(si)/mrn-1532a.

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Aim: To study the influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the carbon and nitrogen assimilation patterns in rice plants. Methodology: Rice (Oryza sativa) plants were placed in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) and exposed to elevated levels of CO2. The treatments consisted of three levels of CO2 (398, 550 and 750 µmol mol-1) and three levels of nitrogen (0, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and replicated five times in completely randomized design. Results: Leaf nitrogen was significantly reduced by 10.6 % and 6.5 % during later stages in rice plants exposed to CO2 @ 750 µmol mol-1 and 550 µmol mol-1, respectively over the ambient CO2. Rice plants under elevated CO2 did not exhibit any variations in Nitrate Reductase activity in leaves in comparison to ambient CO2 at tillering stage. Interestingly, NRase activity in leaves decreased at flowering stage whereas NRase activity in roots increased at same stage. The highest mean nitrogen values (0.58, 0.89 and 1.35 %) were observed in Camb (ambient CO2 concentration) and the lowest values (0.51, 0.80 and 1.27 %) in C750 in roots, straw and grains, respectively. Elevated CO2 @ 750 µmol mol-1 significantly increased the above ground biomass (straw and grain) by 15.6 and 40.1 %, respectively, over the ambient CO2 of 398 µmol mol-1. Interpretation: Elevated CO2 enhanced the grain productivity but affected the quality of rice grains. Thus, excessive nitrogen fertilization above the current recommendation is necessary for future high CO2 environments.

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Gadad, H., A. Bhagat, A. H. Naqvi, and S. Kutala. "Host instar susceptibility and stage specific predatory potential of stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata on tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta." Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no. 5 (September 7, 2022): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/5/mrn-4015.

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Aim: The study was conducted to find out the susceptible stage of tasar silkworm larvae to predation by stink bug and stage dependent feeding potential of stink bug over different instars of tasar silkworm. Methodology: Susceptibility of silkworms was studied by recording the daily larval mortality of all silkworm stages (1st to 5th instar) due to predation by E. furcellata. Stage specific predatory potential was estimated by recording the number of larvae required to complete each developmental stages (2-5th Nymphal instars and adult male and female). Results: Experimental results revealed that 1st and 2nd instar silkworms were most susceptible towards the attack of both nymphal and adult stages of stink bug whereas 3rd instar silkworms were moderately susceptible, however, third instar onwards susceptibility of tasar silkworm towards E. furcellata was negligible. Further stage specific cumulative predatory potential revealed that adult females of predatory bug were significantly more damaging to first instar silkworms (F= 125.20; df=5, 24; P= ≤ 0.0001) as compared to other stages by recording more larval consumption. Observations were also made on the second instar silkworms and it was observed that female adults were again superior over other stages of predatory stink bug (F= 135.30; df=5, 24; P= ≤ 0.0001). Similar trend of feeding potential was also recorded on 3rd instar silkworms; however, the rate of feeding was comparatively lesser than the first and second instar silkworms. Interpretation: Early instar silkworms were less defensive to predators attack, and were highly vulnerable to stink bug, however, as silkworm reached third instar, larvae started depending themselves by rapid head/thoracic movement to ward off the stink bugs. Significant difference in the feeding potential between different developmental stages was observed and adults being superior in feeding indicates their higher nutritional requirements as they need to be fit for reproductive performance to continue their progeny. Key words: Eocanthecona furcellata, Larval susceptibility, Predatory potential, Tasar silkworm

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Dash, L., L. K. Rath, and S. K. Tripathy. "Molecular signatures of elite brinjal varieties towards grouping and marker–trait association for shoot and fruit borer resistance." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/1/mrn-4019.

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Aim: Molecular characterization of brinjal genotypes and exploring marker trait association with a number of antixenosis and antibiosis traits in relation to shoot and fruit borer (SFB) infestation. Methodology: Seven elite brinjal genotypes including the most sensitive and highly resistant checks against SFB were sorted out from a set of 101 germplasm stocks. These were subjected to infestation with SFB in Mylar cages. Data were recorded on antixenosis and antibiosis traits related to SFB infestation. Molecular profiling was done using five RAPD and four SSR primers and the binary marker data (presence and absence of band) were analysed for clustering pattern of genotypes and marker-trait association if any for SFB infestation in brinjal. Results: The RAPD primer OPN04 and two SSR primers smSSR03 and smSSR04 emerged as the highly informative, while OPD 16 (a RAPD primer) and smSSR01 and smSSR09 showed high Rp value. The clustering based on RAPD and SSR profiling was almost similar to the grouping based on antixenosis and antibiosis traits indicating good primer efficiency for screening against SFB infestation. A few RAPD markers revealed significant marker-trait association with a number of antixenosis and antibiosis traits, and more specifically with larval weight under SFB infestation. Besides, a 400bp molecular marker 'OPC05_8' had shown significant MTA with fruit infestation, trichome density and calyx length. Interpretation: The above trait–specific molecular markers may be considered useful for screening of parental lines against SFB tolerance, and as such may be used for marker assisted selection in brinjal breeding programs. Key words: Brinjal, Clustering pattern, Genotyping, Marker-trait association, Shoot and fruit borer infestation

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Nramat, Wichai, Wasakorn Traiphat, Phuachat Sukruan, Prachum Utaprom, Saranyaras Tongsawai, Suriya Namgaew, and Suvinai Sodajaroen. "Developing a prototype centre using agricultural smart sensors to promote agrarian production with technology." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002604.

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This article presents the development of a model center using agricultural intelligent center technology. The goal of this research is 1. To develop a wireless sensor network. 2. To be a source of learning on the use of sensor technology in agriculture. For local and nearby farmers Using the Sufficiency Economy Learning Center, according to King's Science. The Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi is a research area. With the problems faced in farming today. It found that the world's climate change whether it's drought. Rains leave ranges and toxic airborne particulate matter caused by farming to match current problem conditions. The researchers then designed a two-part system: 1. Node Moisture Sensor that measures soil moisture and commands the opening – It also controls on-off with a manual switch. Wind speed and wind direction sensors, light intensity sensors, temperature, and humidity sensors, and Particulate Matters Sensor 1.0, 2.5, 10 with environmental reports within the growing area via Wi-F signals to (Sever) Raspberry Pi record real-time data. Every 30 seconds According to research, node moisture sensors can measure soil moisture and record results, and the station measures the environment within the growing area via a Wi-F signal to (Sever) Raspberry Pi. Rainfall values measured by local rainfall sensors measuring up to 35.3 mm are within the threshold of heavy rain. The maximum wind speed measured is 8.5 km/h, the maximum temperature of 35.8 degrees Celsius, and the maximum humidity of 99.9 percent, the light intensity is up to 58,002 Lux, and the Final Particles, with pm 1.0 up to 40.1 microns, PM 2.5 up to 51.3 microns and PM 10 up to 63.5 microns. Apply agriculture to 50 interested farmers after receiving knowledge transfer of smart sensor technology. The expansion has resulted in 3 farmers and will continue to expand in the future. Promote the use of agricultural technology. Intensifying communities and supporting global climate change

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ÖZTÜRK, Fatmanur, and Gülten HERGÜNER. "DETERMINING THE PERSONAL FEATURES AND CAREER BARRIERS OF FEMALE ACADEMICIANS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS, no. 40 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2020/abcd89/.40.1.

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Aim: The present study aims to determine the personality traits of female academicians who teach sports in higher education institutions and the career barriers they encounter in the academic process. Method: The study used scanning model. The research consisted of 144 and participated voluntarily. Personal Information Form developed by the researcher; Five Factor Personality Inventory developed by Evinç(2004) and Career Barrier Scale of Female Academicians developed by Alaçam and Altuntaş(2015) were used. Results: Revealed that the average of personality traits differed significantly according to the variables of age, having children and title (p <, 05); while they did not significantly differ according to the variable of marital status (p> .05). On the other hand, the career barriers of academicians differed significantly according to the title variable (p <, 05); while there was no significant difference regarding the variables of age, marital status and number of children (p>, 05). Conclusion: Similarly, the results displayed no significant relationship between the extroversion dimension of academicians' personality traits and the dimensions of career barriers. A low level and negatively significant correlation was found among the sub-dimensions of docility, organizational culture and policies; organizational conditions and stereotyped prejudices; self-discipline and undertaking multiple roles and organizational conditions; and among the dimensions of openness to experience, undertaking multiple roles and organizational conditions. A low level and positively significant relationship was found between the sub-dimension of emotional balance and the dimensions of organizational culture and politics, taking on multiple roles, organizational conditions and stereotyped prejudices.

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Yan, Cheng, Xingzhang Luo, and Zheng Zheng. "Performance of purifying anaerobic fermentation slurry using microalgae in response to various LED light wavelengths and intensities." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 88, no. 9 (January 28, 2013): 1622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4010.

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Wen, Jia-Long, Bai-Liang Xue, Shao-Long Sun, and Run-Cang Sun. "Quantitative structural characterization and thermal properties of birch lignins after auto-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 88, no. 9 (February 5, 2013): 1663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4017.

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Celis, Lourdes B., Marisol Gallegos-Garcia, Guillermo Vidriales, and Elías Razo-Flores. "Rapid start-up of a sulfidogenic biofilm reactor: overcoming low acetate consumption." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 88, no. 9 (February 8, 2013): 1672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4018.

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Pradhan, Manas Ranjan, Chander Shekhar, Manoj Alagarajan, and Harihar Sahoo. "Abortion care-seeking and reproductive rights violation in health facilities: evidence from six states of India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20215108.

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Background: Unsafe abortion continues to draw the researcher's attention due to its close association with maternal morbidity and mortality. Empirical evidence on the role of health facilities in providing safe abortion care addressing the reproductive rights of Indian women is limited.Methods: Using data from the 2015 ‘unintended pregnancy and abortion in India’ study, the present paper aimed to understand the violation of the reproductive rights of abortion care seekers in health facilities (n=4001) in six states of India. The health facilities were sampled using a stratified random sampling strategy. Univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out using SPSS (V 25) on cleaned and weighted data.Results: A sizeable percentage of public and private health facilities across states found seeking the consent of the husband or family members before abortion provision, compel women to adopt contraception and turn away abortion seekers, commonly citing non-medical reasons. The provision of post-abortion complications services is usually not 24/7, even at the primary health centre level, hindering access to an urgent health care need.Conclusions: There is a need to improve access to facility-based abortion services, especially in underserved rural areas, by ensuring that all public-sector facilities have adequate equipment and supplies, including MMA drugs and trained providers. Sensitization of health care providers about the importance of ethical issues and women’s reproductive rights is urgently required to ensure safe, legal, and accessible abortion care.

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Dulewad, Shirish S., and Chitikala Haritha. "Comparative study of intravaginal misoprostol versus dinoprostone gel for induction of labour in primigravida." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 4194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214331.

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Background: Labour is an inevitable consequence of pregnancy. The aim of the present research was to study the safety, efficacy and effect of intravaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone gel for induction of labour.Methods: 300 patients who required induction of labour in a tertiary care centre were included in this prospective randomized controlled study from August 2019 to August 2021 with a study duration of 12 months. 50% of cases received 25 µg of intravaginal misoprostol and repeated for a maximum of 6 doses every 4 hours as needed. 50% cases received 0.5 mg dinoprostone gel and repeated for maximum of 2 doses every 6 hours as needed. The patients selected were evaluated initially by modified Bishop’s score and admission test for fetal wellbeing. After drug insertion, patients were monitored for fetal heart rate, vital signs, progress of labour. A partogram was strictly maintained in all patients.Results: The highest number in both groups being below 40 weeks which were 74% and 76% in dinoprostone and misoprostol groups respectively. Rest were between 40.1-41.6 weeks. The mean induction delivery interval in dinoprostone was more (16.15±3.1) than in misoprostol (12.26±2.21). Requirement of oxytocin augmentation was less in misoprostol group than dinoprostone group. Caesarean section rate was less in misoprostol group. Maternal side effects were minimal in either groups and neonatal outcome was good in both the groups.Conclusions: Both misoprostol and dinoprostone gel are safe, effective for cervical ripening and induction but misoprostol is more cost effective and stable at room temperature.

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Scherer, P. A., S. Dobler, S. Rohardt, R. Loock, B. Büttner, P. Nöldeke, and A. Brettschuh. "Continuous biogas production from fodder beet silage as sole substrate." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0260.

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Since April 2000 a two-step anaerobic plant with two subsequent 500 m3 reactors has been producing biogas from fodder beet silage (pH 4.1) as the sole substrate. The plant is located at Kirchlengern near Bielefeld, Germany. Initially the reactors were inoculated with swine manure at 37°C. After a start-up phase the process was sustained at pH 7.5-8.0 by feeding with the silage as sole substrate twice a day. Parallel to the biogas plant at Kirchlengern four one-step laboratory reactors were continuously driven at temperatures of 37°C, 45°C, 60°C and 65°C. They were fed with the same silage, but only once per day (one impulse). The organic loading rate (OLR) was adjusted to 3.9 g volatile solids (VS)/(l*d) with a concomitant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 27 d. There was no problem with starting the reactors, but after 86 days the volumetric gas production of the 65°C reactor ceased and a high amount of approximately 130 mM propionate could be determined. By decreasing the temperature down to 60°C a stable reactor performance was recovered for a period of at least 250 further days. During impulse feeding it was observed that the quickest recovery of gas production could be observed at 37°C or at 45°C. Recovery of 75% gas volume (related to the value before or after impulse feeding) was obtained after 5.5 and 7.5 h of feeding time point whereas the 60°C reactor needed 16 h. Slight significant differences were seen in the spectrum of volatile fatty acids (VFA) reaching at 37° or 45°C its maximum with 10-30 mM total VFA at 2-3 h after feeding. After this the VFA level declined to nearly zero (except for the 60°C reactor). Therefore the 37°C reactor was favoured. A double experiment with a second 37°C reactor was started by a somewhat different inoculation procedure from the remaining 3 reactors, but revealed similar results. By increasing the temperature no significantly different specific gas production rates and methane yields could be observed, e.g. it gave 600-700 l biogas from 1 kg VS. The corresponding methane content ranged between 62-64%. With a methane content of 63 ± 1% a yield of 40.1 ± 2 m3 methane/ton fresh fodder beet silage was obtained.

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Xue, Longchang, Jiajia Deng, Xueren Wang, Zaizhou Wang, and Bin Liu. "Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Rapid Filling of High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinder." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 5189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145189.

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The fast charging process of high-pressure gas storage cylinders is accompanied by high temperature rise, which potentially induces the failure of solid materials inside the cylinders and the underfilling of the cylinders. A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model simulated the charging process of hydrogen storage cylinders with a rated working pressure of 35 MPa and a volume of 150 L. During filling, the highest temperature rise inside the cylinder occurs at the bottom part of the cylinder, and the state of charge (SOC) is 46.4% after filling. This temperature rise can be reduced by precooling the injected hydrogen, and the highest SOC can reach 95.7% after injection. The SOC in the cylinder gradually increases with a decrease in the temperature of the hydrogen injection. The maximum SOC increase is 49.3%. For safety and the SOC exceeding 90%, the hydrogen gas should be precooled to below −10 °C, and the SOC could achieve more than 90.3%. The internal structure of the hydrogen cylinder was further optimized without a precooling condition. The selected length ratios were 25%, 50%, and 75%. Compared with the initial scheme, the SOC in the optimization scheme increased by 16%, 38.7%, and 40.1%.

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Świrska-Perkowska, Jadwiga, Anna Wicher, Sławomir Pochwała, Stanisław Anweiler, and Michał Böhm. "Doweled cross Laminated Timber (DCLT) Building Air Tightness and Energy Efficiency Measurements: Case Study in Poland." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 9029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239029.

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A contemporary challenge for the construction industry is to develop a technology based on natural building materials which at the same time provides high energy efficiency. This paper presents the results of an airtightness test and a thermal imaging study of a detached house built with technology using cross laminated dowelled timber panels. The thermal conductivity coefficients of the wood wool used to insulate the walls and ceiling of the building have also been measured, the linear heat transfer coefficients of the structural nodes have been numerically determined, and calculations have been made regarding the energy efficiency of the building. On the basis of the research, it was found that the air exchange rate in the analyzed building n50 is at the level of 4.77 h−1. Air leaks were also observed in the places of connection of longitudinal walls with the roof and at the junction of window frames with external walls. The experimentally determined thermal conductivity coefficient of the wood wool was ~10% higher than that declared by the manufacturer. Calculations for the energy performance certificate showed that an increase of ~10% in the thermal conductivity coefficient of the wood wool used to insulate the building results in a heating demand increase of 2.1%. It was also found that changing the value of the parameter n50 from 1.0 h−1 to 4.77 h−1 leads to a 40.1% increase in heat demand for heating the building. At the same time, the indicators for final energy demand EK and non-renewable primary energy demand EP increase by 18.1%.

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Kalininskaya, A. A., N. A. Bayanova, M. V. Kizeev, and L. A. Balzamova. "Assessment of preventable health losses in the rural population." Manager Zdravoochranenia, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2022-3-30-36.

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Relevance. The protection of the health of the rural population is especially significant due to the fact that medical and social health problems are maximally concentrated in rural areas. The priorities in the organization of medical care for rural residents are currently the effective use of available health care resources, as well as increasing the availability and quality of medical care. The tasks of the federal and municipal authorities should be to provide software support, resources, as well as the practical solution of strategic problems in rural areas. The purpose of the study: development and testing of an automated system of information support for managerial decision-making using estimates of preventable losses in the health of the population of rural areas. The base of the study was the Orenburg region. The share of the rural population in the region is 40.1%, there are 35 rural territories (districts) in the region. Methodology. The following research methods were used: statistical, analytical, expert assessments. The preventable loss of health of the population of rural areas in the Orenburg region was assessed by experts according to the methodology developed by us. Four indicators of the likely preventability of health losses in the rural population were identified: health indicators; territorial availability of medical care; personnel; social well-being of the population. The results of the study were used as the basis for the methodological support of an automated information system for supporting managerial decision-making in the organization of primary health care in rural areas of the Orenburg region. The use of a software product of information support for managerial decision-making makes it possible to determine priorities for making strategic decisions at the level of heads of medical organizations, health authorities and institutions, as well as heads of administration in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The information is presented on the web page of the administrative territory and the administrative apparatus.

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Bórawski, Piotr, Lisa Holden, Marek Bartłomiej Bórawski, and Bartosz Mickiewicz. "Perspectives of Biodiesel Development in Poland against the Background of the European Union." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 4332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124332.

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Biofuels are becoming more important in the renewable energy sources mix. Liquid biofuels are products of agriculture. Bioethanol can be prepared from corn, beetroot and other plants. Biodiesel is mainly made from rapeseed. This paper presents information about biodiesel development in Poland, as well as some background information about its development in the European Union (EU). We analyzed the data about biofuels in the literature, and provide statistical data about liquid biofuel in Poland and other countries of the EU. The aim of the study is to assess the viability of liquid biofuel development in Poland. The base for biodiesel production in Poland and the EU is rapeseed. The production yields and sown area of rapeseed increased in Poland from 2005–2020. This was due to integration and European Union policies which aim to supply clean energy. The energy mix in Poland differs from that of the EU. Solid biofuels have made up the biggest share of renewable energy sources in Poland (73.4%) and the EU (40.1%). Poland has smaller share of wind energy, biogas, heat pump, water energy, solar anergy, municipal waste and geothermal energy in its renewable energy sources compared to the rest of the EU. Only with solid and liquid biofuels is the share of renewable energy sources larger in Poland compared to the EU averages. Poland has decreased its share of solid biofuels and water energy among its renewable energy sources, while other sources have increased. Poland is investing to increase its renewable energy sources. To analyze the opportunities for biodiesel production in Poland, we used the scenario method of analysis. We outlined three scenarios. The first is increasing the production of biodiesel by 3% each year for the next three years. The second is production remains unchanged, i.e., at the 2020 level. The last scenario is decreasing production by 3% each year. According to the first scenario, the total demand for rapeseed for energy and food purposes will be 375 thousand tons in 2025. Such a scenario is very likely to occur because of the growing demand for biodiesel and edible oil. The current situation with Ukraine and the Russian Federation will create an increase in demand for rapeseed, leading to higher prices.

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Journal articles on the topic '4011 Environmental engineering'

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