Journal articles: '4104 Environmental management'

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Zakhmatov, Dmitry Yurievich. "INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES OF SUPPORTING THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RISKS." Innovatsionnoe razvitie ekonomiki, no. 3-4 (2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51832/2223798420223-4108.

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Tchobanoglous, George. "Integrated wastewater management: The future of water reuse in large metropolitan areas." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4103.

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Marianelli, Leonardo, Francesco Paoli, Giuseppino Sabbatini Peverieri, Claudia Benvenuti, Gian Paolo Barzanti, Giovanni Bosio, Davide Venanzio, Emanuela Giacometto, and Pio Federico Roversi. "Long‐lasting insecticide‐treated nets: A new integrated pest management approach for Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4107.

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Skala, Katherine A., Andrew E. Springer, Shreela V. Sharma, Deanna M. Hoelscher, and Steven H. Kelder. "Environmental Characteristics and Student Physical Activity in PE Class: Findings From Two Large Urban Areas of Texas." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, no. 4 (May 2012): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.4.481.

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Background:Physical education (PE) classes provide opportunities for children to be active. This study examined the associations between specific environmental characteristics (teacher characteristics; class size, duration and location; and lesson context) and elementary school-aged children’s moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) during PE.Methods:Environmental characteristics and student activity levels were measured in 211 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade PE classes in 74 Texas public schools using SOFIT direct observation.Results:Students engaged in less than half their PE class time in MVPA (38%), while approximately 25% of class time was spent in classroom management. Percent time in MVPA was significantly higher in outdoor classes compared with indoors (41.4% vs. 36.1%, P = .037). Larger (P = .044) and longer (P = .001) classes were negatively associated with percentage of MVPA and positively correlated with time spent in management (P < .001).Conclusions:Findings suggest that children’s activity may be influenced by environmental factors such as class size, location, and lesson contexts. These findings hold important policy implications for PE class organization and the need for strategies that maximize children’s MVPA. Further research is needed to test the causal association of these factors with student MVPA.

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Zhou, Zhen, Can Xing, Ying An, Dalong Hu, Weimin Qiao, and Luochun Wang. "Inhibitory effects of sulfide on nitrifying biomass in the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic wastewater treatment process." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4104.

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Hadad, Mohammadjafar, and Banafsheh Sadeghi. "Minimum quantity lubrication-MQL turning of AISI 4140 steel alloy." Journal of Cleaner Production 54 (September 2013): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.011.

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Jahir, Akib, Najat F. Kahamba, Tom O. Knols, Gordon Jackson, Nila F. A. Patty, Sonu Shivdasani, Fredros O. Okumu, and Bart G. J. Knols. "Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090805.

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Globally, environmental impacts and insecticide resistance are forcing pest control organizations to adopt eco-friendly and insecticide-free alternatives to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, which affect millions of people, such as dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus. We used, for the first time, a combination of human odor-baited mosquito traps (at 6.0 traps/ha), oviposition traps (7.2 traps/ha) and larval source management (LSM) to practically eliminate populations of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (peak suppression 93.0% (95% CI 91.7–94.4)) and the Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (peak suppression 98.3% (95% CI 97.0–99.5)) from a Maldivian island (size: 41.4 ha) within a year and thereafter observed a similar collapse of populations on a second island (size 49.0 ha; trap densities 4.1/ha and 8.2/ha for both trap types, respectively). On a third island (1.6 ha in size), we increased the human odor-baited trap density to 6.3/ha and then to 18.8/ha (combined with LSM but without oviposition traps), after which the Aedes mosquito population was eliminated within 2 months. Such suppression levels eliminate the risk of arboviral disease transmission for local communities and safeguard tourism, a vital economic resource for small island developing states. Terminating intense insecticide use (through fogging) benefits human and environmental health and restores insect biodiversity, coral reefs and marine life in these small and fragile island ecosystems. Moreover, trapping poses a convincing alternative to chemical control and reaches impact levels comparable to contemporary genetic control strategies. This can benefit numerous communities and provide livelihood options in small tropical islands around the world where mosquitoes pose both a nuisance and disease threat.

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Radmanović, Kristijan, Robert Roginić, Ružica Beljo Lučić, Juraj Jovanović, Matija Jug, Tomislav Sedlar, and Branimir Šafran. "Effect of a high loading rate on the compressive properties of beech wood in the longitudinal direction." BioResources 16, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 4093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.4093-4105.

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Because of its hardness, wear-resistance, strength, and bending capabilities, beech wood is a widely-used hardwood in Europe. It is mainly used for furniture, floors, construction, veneer boards, and laminated wood. For such uses, the mechanical properties are very important, especially in cases of impact loads. The aim of this work is to analyse the mechanical properties of beech wood samples exposed to compressive force in the longitudinal direction based on different loading rates (in the range from 10 mm/min to 500 mm/min). Stress–strain diagrams were made with the experimental data, and mathematical functions were fit to them. Using the fit functions, the following properties of beech wood samples were determined: the stress and strain at the elastic limit; the maximum stress and associated strain; the modulus of elasticity; the tangent modulus; the specific energy of elastic strain; and the specific energy of plastic strain. The results showed that by increasing the loading rates, the elastic properties of beech wood increase, while the analysed plastic properties do not show a clear tendency of changes with increase of the loading rates.

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Shi, Wenjing, Zhicai Zhang, Quanshan Shun, Xiaocui Liu, Chongyang Ding, Huihua Zheng, and Feng Wang. "Protective effects of five surfactants on cellulase in the saccharification of corn stover based on the impeded Michaelis-Menten model." BioResources 15, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 4089–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.4089-4109.

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Protective effects of five surfactants were investigated relative to the saccharification of lignocellulose using the impeded Michaelis-Menten model (IMM). The yield of total reducing sugar (Ytrs) and cellulase activity were indexed as the effect of surfactant. The IMM was used to fit the correlation between Ytrs and reaction time to obtain the index (Kobs,0) reflecting the accessibility between cellulose and lignocellulose and the comprehensive index (Ki) reflecting cellulase inactivation and non-specific site adsorption. Results showed that the strongest protective effect was found from polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate, followed by rhamnolipid. The surfactants protected cellulase from inactivation and nonspecific site adsorption of lignocellulose in the saccharification, leading to enhanced cellulase activity, especially with respect to carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and filter paper enzyme (FPase) activities. The maximum Ytrs was obtained when the CMCase activity was 136.2 U/mL, while the FPase and β-glucosidase activities should be as high and low as possible, respectively, under the optimized condition. These findings lay the foundation for improving the saccharification efficiency of cellulase and reducing the cost of saccharification of biomass cellulose.

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Alaydrus, Alfina Taurida, Suhayat Minardi, and Teguh Ardianto. "PEMETAAN PENCEMARAN LINDI MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK 3 DIMENSI." Lensa : Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika 2, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/j-lkf.v2i1.301.

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One of the impacts of waste management is the presence of side-residual landfill waste that causes pollution potential of pollutants results in the form of decaying garbage leachate. This contamination occurs around the landfill Kebon Kongok impacting environmental degradation around the landfill area. To determine the extent to which and how the subsurface conditions around the landfill Kebon Kongok it will do the mapping and modeling using 3-dimensional (3D) geoelectrical method. The study was conducted on 3 pieces of lines are trending relative Southwest-Northeast. Each track has a length of 150m and retrieval of data using a dipole – dipole configuration-with spacing of 10m length. Resistivity measurements carried out with resistivitimeter GL-4100 GSound type and processed with software Res3Dinv. From the analysis it can be concluded that the entire study area has been contaminated by leachate polution, especially in the surface layer to a depth of 13.9 meters.

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Tan, Ming Hui, Meng Soon Chiong, Yoon-Young Chun, Kenichiro Tsukahara, and Kiyotaka Tahara. "An Analysis of Practices and Challenges for Plastic Recycling Industry in Malaysia." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 6 (November 5, 2022): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0831.

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There is a significant increase in plastic consumption with the growing economies of Asia, causing severe environmental issues as a large proportion of the plastic waste is not appropriately disposed due to the underdeveloped collection systems. The situation in Malaysia is particularly worrying as the total plastic waste increased by nearly 30% in 2018, becoming the second-highest of the entire household solid waste. This problem can be addressed by improving the plastic waste management system and increasing the plastic wastes recycling rate. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the current situation of plastic waste generation. Malaysia’s waste management framework is a unique integration of the formal and informal sectors. The lack of uniformity has been the main challenge for the policy implementation in improving plastic waste management. From the plastic material flow analysis, only 41.4% of the plastic wastes were recycled in 2019. The most recycled plastic types in Malaysia are high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP), as they are easier to collect and have higher density. From the identified plastic recycling process flow, the main challenge is low recyclability. Most recyclables are usually contaminated with food waste or non-recyclable plastic, which hinders the sorting process. Informing the public how to recycle plastic waste properly can increase the effectiveness of recyclables collection as well as the sorting process.

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Belikova, Irina Petrovna, and Ekaterina Gennadievna Sergienko. "Problems of providing the agricultural sector with qualified personnel in the context of the development of the digital economy." KANT 41, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-41.4.

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The purpose of the study is to reveal that significant changes are taking place in the agricultural sector in the processes of management and organization of production, since the digitalization of the economy itself and other spheres of public life, in fact, is a kind of stimulus for the structural and technological transformation of the agro-industrial complex. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article examines the modern realities and the immediate prospects of the digital agricultural revolution taking place in the world, and its impact on the process of forming human resources has not yet been sufficiently studied. As a result, it was revealed that the development of rural areas and agriculture in the context of the introduction of digital technologies is unrealistic without highly professional specialists and workers with the potential for training and development.

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Cheruiyot, Julius Kibet, Lillian Otieno Omutoko, and Charles Mallans Rambo. "Determining the Influence of Participatory Evaluation on Conservation of Mau Forest Programme in Bomet County, Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n3p78.

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Forests are considered the second most important natural resource after water throughout the world. There is need to undertake review of policies and legislation on forestry to incorporate aspects of Participatory Forest Management to conserve and manage resources in a sustainable way. The paper sought to determine the extent to which Participatory evaluation influences conservation of Mau Forest programme. This study was guided by descriptive survey and correlational research designs. A sample size of 364 respondents was drawn from a target population of 4100 people using Yamane (1967) Formula.From the findings, r = -0.048 indicated that there was a weak negative linear correlation between Participatory evaluation and Conservation of Mau Forest programme. With a p-value=0.43), the null hypothesis was not rejected and recommended that there is need to do a holistic analysis of local people, their livelihood assets and strategies, resource-use patterns and power relations before the implementation of conservation programs.

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Khandaker, Md Nuruzzaman, Syed Mozaffar Ahmed, Md Ali Emran, and Fatema Newaz. "The Effect of Stretching and Strengthening Exercise in the Management of Lateral Epicondylitis." Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 30, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v30i1.62552.

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Background: Lateral Epicondylitis (LE) is a common overuse injury of Elbow that generates pain over the lateral aspect of elbow. LE is one of the most common causes of elbow and forearm pain encountered in clinical practice commonly associated with resistant wrist or finger extension and gripping activities. The management of LE is enlightened by various form physical modalities and therapeutic exercise like stretching and strengthening exercise. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the effects of stretching and strengthening exercises on pain and grip strength of LE. Materials and methods : Eighty patients were enrolled, non-randomized, and divided into 2 groups an experimental Group-A of 40 (44.5 ± 1.5 years) whose receive therapeutic exercise in the form of stretching and strengthening of common extensor forearm muscle and a control Group-B of 40 (41.4 ±2.5 years). Study duration was about one year. Both Group received UST over the lateral aspect of elbow with the 3MHz frequency and 0.5 watt/cm2 intensity for 5 min three sessions per week for six weeks. They were evaluated at every weeks of treatment for six weeks. Comparison between Group-A and Group-B was done with Wilcoxon Rank sum test and unpaired ttest. Results: By the end of the trial period, statistical data analysis in between the two groups showed a significant improvement in pain scores of VAS and the maximal isometric grip strength at sixth week. Conclusion: This study depicts that therapeutic exercise is more effective in reducing pain and improvement of grip strength. So, stretching and strengthening exercise should be considered as a main therapeutic armamentarium in the management of LE. JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (1) : 36-42

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Diatta, M. Yaya, Sire Diédhiou, Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby, M. Jean Bassene, M. Yves Paterne Sagna, M. Mamadou Sow, and Mariama Dalanda Diallo. "Perception Et Stratégies D’adaptation Des Producteurs Face À La Salinisation Des Vallées Rizicoles De La Commune d’Enampore En Basse Casamance." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 11 (March 31, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n11p71.

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La dégradation du sol est un phénomène complexe, dans lequel interviennent plusieurs facteurs qui contribuent à la perte de la fertilité. Parmi ces facteurs, la salinisation des terres rizicoles est devenue une préoccupation pour les producteurs de la commune d’Enampore. L’objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à une connaissance des problèmes environnementaux induite par la salinité. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’identifier les différentes stratégies d’adaptation des producteurs. La méthodologie utilisée s’appuie sur l’exploitation d’un questionnaire adressé à 237 ménages sur un total de 579 ménages répartis dans 5 villages. Les résultats ont montré les effets complexes de l’empreinte climatique à Enampore. Les principaux facteurs évoqués par les riziculteurs sont la baisse de la pluviométrie (46,6%) et l’avancée de la langue salée (47,2%). D’ailleurs, la présence du sel affecte directement les rizières (96,7%). Par ailleurs, la présence de chenille et d’insectes (49,8%) et l’acidification (41,4%) représentent aussi un problème central. La principale conséquence du sel sur l’environnement est la formation d’une croûte saline en surface (54,4%). Cette dernière se manifeste sur le riz par une chlorose (47,1%) et conduit à leur mortalité (48,2%). Face à ces problèmes, les riziculteurs mettent en place différentes stratégies d’adaptations durables. Il s’agit entre autres d’une mise en place de digue anti-sel et d’utilisation de fertilisants organiques contribuant ainsi à l’amélioration des rendements. Ainsi pour une meilleure gestion des contraintes identifiées, il serait intéressant de mener des expérimentations locales avec l’utilisation d’amendements organiques (biochar et compost d’anacarde) afin de proposer des pratiques plus durables. Soil degradation is a complex phenomenon, involving several factors that contribute to the loss of fertility. Among these factors, the salinization of rice-growing land has become a concern for producers in the commune of Enampore. The objective of this study is to contribute to a knowledge of the environmental problems induced by salinity. More specifically, it is to identify the different adaptation strategies of producers. The methodology used is based on a questionnaire sent to 237 households out of a total of 579 households in 5 villages. The results showed the complex effects of the climate footprint in Enampore. The main factors cited by farmers were declining rainfall (46.6%) and the advance of the salt tongue (47.2%). Moreover, the presence of salt directly affects the rice fields (96.7%). In addition, the presence of caterpillars and insects (49.8%) and acidification (41.4%) are also a central problem. The main environmental consequence of salt is the formation of a salt crust on the surface (54.4%). This manifests itself on the rice by chlorosis (47.1%) and leads to their mortality (48.2%). In response to these problems, rice farmers are implementing various sustainable adaptation strategies. These include the installation of anti-salt dams and the use of organic fertilizers to improve yields. Thus, for a better management of the identified constraints, it would be interesting to conduct local experiments with the use of organic amendments (biochar and cashew compost) in order to propose more sustainable practices.

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Feng, Jinfeng. "Optimal Control Strategy Model of Marketing Management Based on Consumer Psychology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8689244.

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This paper uses an optimal control strategy approach to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of consumer psychology and to design marketing management in this way. The process simulation enhances consumer participation in virtual CSR co-creation by enhancing task meaning perceptions, and the outcome simulation weakens consumer participation in virtual CSR co-creation by decreasing task meaning perceptions. Second, the proximity of the target distance positively moderates the relationship between psychological stimulation and task meaning perceptions, with process simulation having a stronger effect on task meaning perceptions at closer target distances than at longer target distances; the proximity of the target distance positively moderates the relationship between psychological simulation and consumer engagement in virtual CSR co-creation, with process simulation having a stronger effect on consumer engagement in virtual CSR co-creation at closer target distances than at longer target distances. The effect of simulation on consumers’ participation in virtual CSR co-creation is stronger at a closer target distance than at a farther target distance. A multi-input and multioutput block diagram structure is proposed in the frequency domain to describe the characteristics of the multisubject system with transfer functions. Males and females accounted for 58.6% and 41.4% of the total sample population, respectively. The entire multisubject system is decomposed according to matrix theory, and the consistency problem of the multisubject system is converted into the stability problem of multiple subsystems. The global stability domain of the distributed PID controller is obtained by finding the stability domain of the PID controller for each subsystem after decomposition and taking the intersection set. The product green preferences of consumers are incorporated into the demand model, and the correlation between the inventory strategy of products, green inputs, and the manufacturer’s confident preferences is investigated. The article considers two models of centralized inventory management and decentralized inventory management for manufacturers and conducts a cross-sectional comparison. The article finds through numerical experiments that the manufacturer’s assertive behavior in most cases makes its gains suffer but is often beneficial for the interests of retailers, overall supply chain efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

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Shen, Bo, and Moonis R. Ally. "Comparative Performance of Low Global Warming Potential (GWP) Refrigerants as Replacement for R-410A in a Regular 2-Speed Heat Pump for Sustainable Cooling." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158199.

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Heat pumps are currently being developed to reduce the energy footprint for residential and commercial building space conditioning and water heating loads in cold climates. To mitigate the nocuous impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, and to create a carbon-neutral building stock, alternate lower-GWP refrigerants must also replace the predominant use of R-410A, without re-engineering the mechanical hardware. In this paper, we analyze the performance of lower-GWP alternative refrigerants (R-32, R-452B, R-454B, and R-466A) relative to the conventional R-410A and draw conclusions on the relative performances to meet cooling loads. The simulations are accomplished using the heat pump design model, a well-known, public-domain design tool with a free web interface and downloadable desktop version to support public use and the HVAC R&D community. The contributions contain detailed, hardware-based heat exchanger and system analyses to provide a comprehensive assessment. The results of the simulation are scrutinized from the first (capacity and energy efficiency) and second laws (exergy analysis) to identify sources of systemic inefficiency, the root cause of lost work. This rigorous approach provides an exhaustive analysis of alternate lower-GWP refrigerants to replace R-410A using the same hardware. The results have practical value in engineering heat pumps in an economy that is compelled to alter by the consequences and uncertainties of climate change, to reduce its anthropogenic carbon footprint.

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Duan, Lun-Bo, Xiao-Ping Chen, Ying-Jie Li, Cai Liang, and Chang-Sui Zhao. "Investigation on SO2emission from 410t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler burning petroleum coke and coal." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 5, no. 2 (March 2010): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.258.

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Shiraishi, Fumihide, Mariko Ueno, Rumi Chand, Yuichiro Shibata, and Hom Nath Luitel. "Effect of silanization of titanium dioxide on photocatalytic decomposition of 2,4-dinitropheonol under irradiation with artificial UV light and sunlight." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 1 (June 5, 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4100.

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Duque-Ingunza, I., R. López-Fonseca, B. de Rivas, and J. I. Gutiérrez-Ortiz. "Process optimization for catalytic glycolysis of post-consumer PET wastes." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4101.

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Leetmaa, Karl, Mario A. Gomez, Levente Becze, Fuqiang Guo, and George P. Demopoulos. "Comparative molecular characterization of aluminum hydroxy-gels derived from chloride and sulphate salts." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (May 15, 2013): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4103.

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Vázquez, Armando, José Luis Nava, Roel Cruz, Isabel Lázaro, and Israel Rodríguez. "The importance of current distribution and cell hydrodynamic analysis for the design of electrocoagulation reactors." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (July 15, 2013): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4105.

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Liu, Jiabing, Shun Yao, Litao Wang, Weixia Zhu, Jing Xu, and Hang Song. "Adsorption of bromophenol blue from aqueous samples by novel supported ionic liquids." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4106.

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Yuan, Yanni, Peiyan Bi, Minghui Fan, Zhaoxia Zhang, Peiwen Jiang, and Quanxin Li. "Directional synthesis of liquid higher olefins through catalytic transformation of bio-oil." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (July 17, 2013): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4107.

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Kiss, Anton A. "Novel applications of dividing-wall column technology to biofuel production processes." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 88, no. 8 (June 4, 2013): 1387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4108.

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Urbano, Bruno F., and Bernabé L. Rivas. "Sorption properties of chelating polymer-clay nano-composite resin based on iminodiacetic acid and montmorillonite: water absorbency, metal ion uptake, selectivity, and kinetics." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (June 5, 2013): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4109.

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Stephens, Dianne, Matt Brearley, and Lisa Vermeulen. "Heat Health Management in a Quarantine and Isolation Facility in the Tropics." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22000255.

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AbstractIntroduction:The Howard Springs Quarantine Facility (HSQF) is located in tropical Northern Australia and has 875 blocks of four rooms (3,500 rooms in total) spread over 67 hectares. The HSQF requires a large outdoor workforce walking outdoor pathways to provide individual care in the ambient climate. The personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the safety of quarantine workers varies between workgroups and limits body heat dissipation that anecdotally contributes to excessive sweating, which combined with heat stress symptoms of fatigue, headache, and irritability, likely increases the risk of workplace injuries including infection control breaches.Study Objective:The purpose of this study was the description of qualitative and quantitative assessment for HSQF workers exposed to tropical environmental conditions and provision of evidenced-based strategies to mitigate the risk of heat stress in an outdoor quarantine and isolation workforce.Methods:The study comprised two components - a cross-sectional physiological monitoring study of 18 workers (eight males/ten females; means: 41.4 years; 1.69m; 80.6kg) during a single shift in November 2020 and a subjective heat health survey completed by participants on a minimum of four occasions across the wet season/summer period from November 2020 through February 2021. The physiological monitoring included continuous core temperature monitoring and assessment of fluid balance.Results:The mean apparent temperature across first-half and second-half of the shift was 34.7°C (SD = 0.8) and 35.6°C (SD = 1.9), respectively. Across the work shift (mean duration 10.1 hours), the mean core temperature of participants was 37.3°C (SD = 0.2) with a range of 37.0°C - 37.7°C. The mean maximal core temperature of participants was 37.7°C (SD = 0.3). In the survey, for the workforce in full PPE, 57% reported feeling moderately, severely, or unbearably hot compared to 49% of those in non-contact PPE, and the level of fatigue was reported as moderate to severe in just over 25% of the workforce in both groups.Conclusion:Heat stress is a significant risk in outdoor workers in the tropics and is amplified in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frontline workforce required to wear PPE in outdoor settings. A heat health program aimed at mitigating risk, including workplace education, limiting exposure times, encouraging hydration, buddy system, active cooling, and monitoring, is recommended to limit PPE breaches and other workplace injuries in this workforce.

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O’Hara, Blythe J., Joanne Gale, Bronwyn McGill, Adrian Bauman, Lana Hebden, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Michelle Maxwell, and Philayrath Phongsavan. "Weight-Related Goal Setting in a Telephone-Based Preventive Health-Coaching Program: Demonstration of Effectiveness." American Journal of Health Promotion 31, no. 6 (August 2, 2016): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116660776.

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Purpose: This study investigated whether participants in a 6-month telephone-based coaching program, who set physical activity, nutrition, and weight loss goals had better outcomes in these domains. Design: Quasi-experimental design. Setting: The Australian Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service (GHS), a free population-wide telephone health-coaching service that includes goal setting as a key component of its coaching program. Participants: Consenting GHS coaching participants who had completed coaching between February 2009 and December 2012 (n = 4108). Measures: At baseline, participants select a goal for the coaching program, and sociodemographic variables are collected. Self-reported weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity, and nutrition-related behaviors are assessed at baseline and 6 months. Analysis: Descriptive analysis was performed on key sociodemographic variables, and the relationship between goal type and change in health outcomes was assessed using a series of linear mixed models that modeled change from baseline to 6 months. Results: Participants who set goals in relation to weight management and physical activity achieved better results in these areas than those who set alternate goals, losing more than those who set alternate goals (1.5 kg and 0.9 cm in waist circumference) and increasing walking per week (40 minutes), respectively. There was no difference in food-related outcomes for those that set nutrition-related goals. Conclusion: Goal setting for weight management and increasing physical activity in the overweight and obese population, undertaken in a telephone-based coaching program, can be effective.

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Pérez-Mesa, Juan Carlos, Lucía Aballay, Mª Serrano-Arcos, and Raquel Sánchez-Fernández. "Analysis of Intermodal Transport Potentials for Vegetables Export from Southeast Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208502.

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This work studies the viability of intermodal transport of horticultural products from southeast Spain to the rest of Europe. This sector has an exportation turnover of 4100 million € and accounts for 69% of total Spanish exports and 35% of the consumption of vegetables in the European Union. The transportation services for the sector are carried out entirely by refrigerated trucks. Due to increased cost, transit limitations, and the strategic dependence on only one transport mode, it is necessary to seek out alternative logistics formulas. In this sense, intermodal transport could be a good option as it can reduce cost and the environmental impact of transport. This paper analyzes the problems involved in using intermodality by conducting a survey among exporters with the additional goal of looking for viable routes using road + short sea shipping. The impact of the transport modal shift on exports is also analyzed using a gravity model. The results show that the route from southeast Spain to the United Kingdom is the most viable. What is more, this strategy can increase exports to this country by reducing transport costs. In general, intermodality can help improve the competitiveness of the Spanish horticultural export sector.

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Abadura, Sadik Zakir, Sufian Abdo Jilo, and Mukarim Abdurahman. "Review on Public Health Effects of Aflatoxins in Milk and Milk-Based Foodstuffs of Dairy Cow." Journal of Veterinary Healthcare 2, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-22-4105.

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Aflatoxins are toxigenic metabolites that are definitely occurring by lethal strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus that commonly dwell and colonize in feed components and various nutritive foodstuffs particularly milk and milk based products. This Review has three main objectives; those are causes of aflatoxin, effects and methods of control in milk and milk products. Drinking of cow milk polluted with aflatoxin may overwhelm immunity and subsidize to stunting in young children, as the young children are not immune-competent during early stage. It has been internationally assessed that aflatoxin is possibly accountable for 30% of the annual cases of liver cancer. Generally, control approaches of aflatoxin can be applied during pre-harvest, cautious management in the time of harvest and postharvest decontamination. Moreover, choosing breed for aflatoxin impervious crop diversities, prevention of aflatoxin production through biological decontamination by microorganisms and their metabolites, rejection of aflatoxin by physical means in addition to inactivation by chemicals are the typical approaches that have been described in different studies. For the reason that cow milk is the most important and principal diet of children, but the risk of exposed to the cancer are more in infants. In addition, according to various investigations it also well thought that young animals are also found to be more vulnerable to aflatoxin than adults. Thus; the contamination of cow milk and milk products by AFM1 should understood as undesirable for young human and animals.

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Kasangana, Pierre B., Nicolas Auclair, Rodrigue Daassi, Kalvin Durand, Denis Rodrigue, and Tatjana Stevanovic. "Impact of pre-extraction on xylose recovery from two lignocellulosic agro-wastes." BioResources 17, no. 4 (September 14, 2022): 6131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6131-6147.

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A dilute acid hydrolysis of rice husk (RH), wheat straw (WS), and their extractive-free residues was investigated with the objective of recovering the highest yield of xylose while keeping at minimum its conversion into furfural. The hydrolysis conditions were determined for different concentrations of sulfuric acid and different reaction times at 121 °C. The pre-extraction with ethanol-water (1:1, v/v) was also examined as a parameter. Using response surface methodology, the optimum conditions for xylose production were identified as 1.8% of acid and 41.4 min of hydrolysis time for RH, while those for its counterpart EF-RH (extractives-free rice husks) were 1.0% acid concentration, for 60 min. The same conditions were also predicted for WS and its EF-WS. Under these conditions, the xylose yield was 79.6%, 82.8%, 94.3%, and 88.6% for RH, EF-RH, WS, and EF-RW, respectively. Under these conditions the minimal furfural yields obtained were 1.2% and 1.3% for RH and EF-RH, and 0.8% and 1.5%, for WS and EF-WS, respectively. These results suggested that the pre-extraction step before the acid hydrolysis affected, at least in part, the xylose recovery from RH, but it was not necessary for a better xylose yield of WS for its bioconversion into valuable bioproducts like xylitol.

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Letah Nzouebet, Wilfried Arsène, Ives Magloire Kengne Noumsi, and Andrea Rechenburg. "Prevalence and diversity of intestinal helminth eggs in pit latrine sludge of a tropical urban area." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2016): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.074.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of helminth eggs in pit latrine sludge in Yaounde, Cameroon. A total of 30 faecal sludge samples were collected in various latrines and analysed for physico-chemical parameters and helminth eggs' characterization was undertaken using standard protocols. Effects of physico-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand for 5 days, nitrogen ammonia, dry matter (DM), moisture content) on the parasite eggs were addressed. The total helminth egg concentration in the samples ranged from 8.5 eggs/g DM to a maximum of 264.5 eggs/g DM with a median of 81.1 eggs/g DM. Nematodes represented 67% of the total species followed by Trematodes and Cestodes. The helminth species with high prevalence in the sludge were Ascaris lumbricoides (41.4 eggs/g DM), Ankylostoma duodenale (31.5 eggs/g DM), Fasciola hepatica (34.9 eggs/g DM) and Trichuris trichiura (32.5 eggs/g DM). The physico-chemical parameters had no effect on the parasite concentration. Due to the high helminth egg concentrations in positive samples analysed, the need for proper health and environmental protection measures has to be stressed to prevent helminthic disease transmission due to untreated sludge discharge into the environment after pit latrine emptying or via direct agricultural use.

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Simpong, David Larbi, Richard Harry Asmah, Cecilia Krampah, Patrick Kafui Akakpo, Patrick Adu, Du-Bois Asante, Simon Naporo, Andrew Anthony Adjei, and Richard Kwasi Gyasi. "HER-2 Protein Overexpression in Patients with Gastric and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma at a Tertiary Care Facility in Ghana." Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1564150.

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The prognosis of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma remains generally poor. However, mounting evidence suggests a positive role of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression in the prognosis of patients with these cancers. In this work, the patterns of HER-2 protein expression were determined in patients with gastric or oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Retrospectively, we reviewed records of gastric and oesophageal biopsies received from 2008 to 2012 and their corresponding archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks selected for immunohistochemical analysis. The prevalence of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinomas and their association with HER-2 protein overexpression were evaluated. Gastric adenocarcinoma made up 18.79% of the gastric biopsies reviewed, and majority of these cancers occurred in males. Regarding the tumour type, HER-2 overexpression was common in the intestinal subtype compared to the diffuse type. Although squamous cell carcinoma was observed to be the commonest (31%) tumour type in the oesophagus compared to adenocarcinoma (8.79%), HER-2 was overexpressed in 42.9% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas, like gastric adenocarcinoma (41.4%). There is a high prevalence of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, with significant overexpression of HER-2 in these tumours, a window of hope for the management of patients with these cancers.

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Shi, Jinshu, Sheldon Q. Shi, H. Michael Barnes, and Charles U. Pittman. "A chemical process for preparing cellulosic fibers hierarchically from kenaf bast fibers." BioResources 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.879-890.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate an all-chemical process to prepare nano-scale to macro-scale cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast fibers, for polymer composite reinforcement. The procedure used in this all-chemical process included alkaline retting to obtain single cellulosic retted fiber, bleaching treatment to obtain delignified bleached fiber, and acidic hydrolysis to obtain both pure-cellulose microfiber and cellulose nanowhisker (CNW). At each step of this chemical process, the resultant fibers were characterized for crystallinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD), for functional groups using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and for surface morphology using both the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical components of the different scale fibers were analyzed. Based on the raw kenaf bast fibers, the yields of retted fibers and bleached fibers were 44.6% and 41.4%. The yield of the pure cellulose microfibers was 26.3%. The yield of CNWs was 10.4%, where about 22.6% α-cellulose had been converted into CNWs. The fiber crystallinity increased as the scale of the fiber decreased, from 49.9% (retted single fibers) to 83.9% (CNWs). The CNWs had fiber lengths of 100 nm to 1400 nm, diameters of 7 to 84 nm, and aspect ratios of 10 to 50. The incorporation of 9% (wt%) CNWs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites increased the tensile strength by 46%.

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Mwita, Stanley, Godfrey Ngonela, and Deogratias Katabalo. "Disposal Practice of Unfit Medicines in Nongovernmental Hospitals and Private Medicine Outlets Located in Mwanza, Tanzania." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7074959.

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Introduction. For a medicine to qualify as safe and effective and to be of good quality, it should be properly labelled, stored, and transported. If a medicine is not handled properly, it ends up being unfit. Improper disposal of unfit medicines contributes to the appearance of their metabolites in the environment. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to capture quantitative data. The study was conducted in Mwanza region, Tanzania. The study population comprised nongovernmental hospitals and private medicines outlets in the region. The sample size was 111 facilities. This study was conducted between October 2013 and May 2014. The questionnaire was used to assess experience and challenges of dealing with unfit medicines. A review of waste management records was done to capture data of past disposal for unfit medicines. The coded data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 20.0) computer analysis software. Comparison of proportions between groups was performed using Pearson’s chi square. Results. The majority of facilities (41.4%) used methods such as the pouring of unfit medicines into the sink and into the dustbin. About 60.4% of facilities were found with unfit medicines at the time of survey. Majority of unfit medicines found were antibiotics (64.1%). Almost 10% of health facilities maintained a register book for recording unfit medicines. Conclusion. There was improper disposal of unfit medicines in health facilities studied, whereby commonly reported methods of disposal were pouring into the sink and putting into the street dustbin. In private medicines outlets, there was poor storage management practice as some of the unfit medicines were left unpacked into boxes or separated from the usable medicines and not properly labelled.

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Yi, Qingmei, Xi Li, Tingtin Cheng, Xiaofen Hou, ZhiGuo Li, and Pin Xiao. "Analysis of quality control group of departments on improving effect of PICC maintenance quality in outpatient children with tumor." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 3029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.1.73.

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To explore the clinical effect of quality control group of departments on improving PICC maintenance quality in outpatient children with tumor. Methods: A total of 4100 children with tumor who were treated in our outpatient department of intravenous therapy from January to December 2020 were divided into observation group (July to December 2020: after the establishment of quality control department) and control group (January to June 2020: before the establishment of quality control group of departments). In the control group, conventional PICC treatment management and maintenance measures were used. In the observation group, quality control group was used to manage, and moreover, the PICC maintenance quality, the incidence rate of PICC-related risk events and the level of PICC maintenance knowledge and satisfaction evaluation were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) Comparing the PICC maintenance quality between the two groups, the rate of absence of PICC maintenance during the course of tumor management in the observation group (1.14%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (4.00%), and there was significant difference in the PICC maintenance quality between the two groups (P<0.05). (2) Comparing the relative indexes of children with tumor: Before intervention, there was no significant difference in the relative indexes of children with tumor (PICC maintenance knowledge level) between the two groups (P>0.05), but after intervention, the relative indexes of children with tumor (PICC maintenance knowledge level, and service evaluation recognition degree) in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). (3) Comparing the probability of PICC-related risk events between the two groups: In the course of tumor management, PICC-related complications were observed in the observation group (3.59%, 3.18%), which were significantly lower than those in the control group (11.95%, 11.37%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of quality control group of departments in the management of PICC in outpatient children with tumor has obvious clinical effect. It can effectively improve the level of maintenance knowledge and service satisfaction of family members, optimize the quality of maintenance, reduce the rate of lack of maintenance and risk related to PICC, and is worthy of being popularized in clinical practice.

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Kim, Minseong, Yong-Kwon Kang, Jaewon Joung, and Jae-Weon Jeong. "Cooling Performance Prediction for Hydraulic Thermoelectric Radiant Cooling Panels with Experimental Validation." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 16214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316214.

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Thermoelectric technology has been developed as a substitute for existing refrigerants in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system applications for building decarbonization. A hydraulic thermoelectric radiant cooling panel (hTERCP) operated based on the Peltier effect can alternate a conventional cooling system using a chiller with refrigerators. This study aimed to develop a cooling performance prediction model for a hTERCP-integrated free cooling system according to the desirable range of five design factors. A mockup model of the hTERCP was constructed and tested in an environmental chamber to verify the proposed simulation model. The simulation and the experimental analysis confirmed that the heat rejection performance of the thermoelectric module (TEM) significantly affects the cooling performance of the hTERCP. The cooling water temperature was the primary design factor for releasing heat from the hot side of the TEM and significantly influenced the cooling performance of the hTERCP. A parametric analysis of the five design factors was conducted to investigate a method for improving the coefficient of performance (COP) of the hTERCP. The cooling water temperature affected the COP by 38.6–45.7%, and the heat exchange area of the cooling surface greatly influenced the cooling performance by 41.4%. The cooling water flow rate, heat exchange effectiveness of the water block, and heat resistance of the hot side were confirmed to have relatively little influence as 9.7–10.2%, 11.9–24.8%, and 0.7–11.1%, respectively.

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Mattner, Frauke, Meike Maria Neuwirth, Robin Otchwemah, Deniz Duman, Martin Neuwirth, and Stefanie Teves. "Einsatz von Community-Masken in der Bevölkerung: Praxis und Anwendungsfehler während der COVID-19 Pandemie in Deutschland." Das Gesundheitswesen 82, no. 11 (November 2020): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1276-1010.

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Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat erhebliche gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen. Die Transmissionsvorbeugung in der Bevölkerung beinhaltet u. a. das Tragen von textilen Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen. Voraussetzung des Schutzeffekts ist der korrekte Maskeneinsatz, wobei Anwendungsfehler selbst unter medizinischem Fachpersonal beobachtet wurden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde analysiert, welche Masken im öffentlichen Raum als Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung zum Einsatz kamen, ob der Einsatz korrekt erfolgte und welcher Art die beobachteten Anwendungsfehler waren. Methodik Es erfolgte eine prospektive Beobachtungsstudie in Bereichen, für die eine textile Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungspflicht nach der Coronaschutzverordnung NRW galt. Ergebnisse Zwischen dem 07.05.2020 und 13.05.2020 wurden 2721 Personen in maskenpflichtigen Bereichen beobachtet. Die Gesamtcompliance zu Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen betrug 97,2%. Am häufigsten kam der chirurgische Mund-Nasen-Schutz (MNS) (44,9%) zum Einsatz, gefolgt von Stoffmasken (39,8%), FFP-Masken (7,1%) sowie Schals (5,4%). Keine Maske trugen 2,8% der Beobachteten. In 30,4% der Fälle wurde die Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung fehlerhaft getragen. Die häufigsten Anwendungsfehler fielen in die Kategorien „Maske unter der Nase getragen“ (41,4%) und „Nasenbügel nicht angepasst“ (20,8%). Der MNS wurden deutlich häufiger fehlerhaft eingesetzt als die übrigen Masken- Typen (p<0,001). Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung zeigte sich eine hohe Gesamtcompliance der Bevölkerung von 97% zum Einsatz von Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen im Rahmen des COVID-19 Pandemie- Managements. Die Masken wurden in 30% der Fälle fehlerhaft genutzt. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer gezielten, intensivierten Wissensvermittlung zur Maskenanwendung an die Bevölkerung, die die beobachteten Defizite berücksichtigt.

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Habib, Md Ahosan, Triyono Basuki, Sunao Miyashita, Wiseman Bekelesi, Satoru Nakashima, Khamphe Phoungthong, Rahat Khan, Md Bazlar Rashid, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam, and Kuaanan Techato. "Distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil around a coal-based power plant and their potential radiological risk assessment." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3044.

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Abstract Coal-fly-ash is one of the major byproducts of coal-based power plant in which naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) are drastically enriched compared to those of feed coals. Thus, improper management of fly-ash may introduce additional radioactivity to the surrounding environment and cause radiological risk. So, in order to study the distribution of radionuclides in soil around a coal-based power plant and to evaluate their radiological risk, soil, coal and fly-ash samples were analyzed by using a HPGe detector for U-238, Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 radioactivity concentrations. Furthermore, soil minerals were also studied by X-ray diffractometer to assess the mineralogical provenance of the radionuclides. Mean radioactivity concentrations (in Bq·kg−1) of U-238, Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 in soil samples are 102.9±41.4, 63.6±7.4, 103.4±13.9 and 494.2±107.5, respectively which are comparatively higher than the typical world mean value. Elevated levels of radioactivity are likely due to the presence of illite, kaolinite, monazite, rutile and zircon minerals in the soil samples rather than technogenic contributions from the power plant. Furthermore, mean soil contamination factor (CF) are close to unity and mean pollution load index (PLI) is below unity while the average radium equivalent activity (Raeq in Bq·kg−1), external hazard index (Hex), absorbed γ dose rate (D in nGyh−1), annual effective dose rate (E in mSv·y−1) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR in Sv−1) are 249.5±21.7, 0.67±0.06, 114.2±9.4, 0.20±0.02, 4.9×10−4±0.4×10−4, respectively, which are within the permissible limit. Thus, in terms of radioactivity concentrations and associated environmental and radiological indices, the effect of the power plant is insignificant.

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Saddam, Mokhtar Noori, and Mushtaq Ismael Hasan. "Analytical Study of a Solar Hybrid Air-conditioning System Assisted Solar Absorption Using R-410A for Refrigeration Applications." BOHR International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijsshr.012.

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This research focuses on the design, modeling, and simulation of absorption solar air-conditioning systems. Key performance parameters are identified and optimized for maximum efficiency, and the system was simulated using climatic conditions in Thi-Qar, Iraq, providing a good trend for the system to meet domestic airconditioning needs, which has a direct effect on the angle of incidence of solar radiation. The results of solar collectors and their effective performance in saving energy and improving system efficiency were discussed, where the work was performed on a solar heater with an evacuated tube with an area of 1.8 m2. The rate of emitted solar radiation was equal to 1000 W/m2. The average heat load of the solar heater was provided at a rate of 0.190 kW to 1.291 kW. The experiment in this paper was conducted in two stages. First, the solar heater was connected in the first case before the compressor. The reported results showed an increase in energy savings with average heater temperatures rising to 25% to 55% of the total energy consumed in the cooling cycle per day. The gas was heated to temperatures ranging from 45 to 65◦C, while the cooling rate was constant at 3.43. Second, the solar heater was connected after the compressor in the second case. The solar heater provided a significant improvement in system performance factor with an average of 5.1 to 13 and energy amount ranging from 15% to 24% of the total energy consumed. It is noted that the cooling load improved from 3.43 to 5.54 kW. The rate of thermal heating in the second case was from 100 to 160◦C gradually. Finally, it is noted that the second case has a much greater service advantage and economic feasibility than the first, and the system has improved as a result of improving the amount of cooling load while reducing energy consumption and increasing the overall performance of the system factor resulting from the improvement of the special conditions of the coolant used in the (R-410a) cycle.

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Azhari, Azliyana, Nor Diana Abdul Halim, Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Mohd Talib Latif, and Matthias Ketzel. "Evaluation and Prediction of PM10 and PM2.5 from Road Source Emissions in Kuala Lumpur City Centre." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105402.

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Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major pollutants emitted by vehicles that adversely affect human health and the environment. This study evaluates and predicts concentrations and dispersion patterns of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kuala Lumpur city centre. The OML-Highway model calculates hourly time series of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and distribution caused by traffic emissions under different scenarios; business as usual (BAU) and 30% traffic reduction to see the impact of traffic reduction for sustainable traffic management. Continuous PM10 and PM2.5 data from a nearby monitoring station were analysed for the year 2019 and compared with modelled concentrations. Annual average concentration at various locations of interest for PM10 and PM2.5 during BAU runs were in the ranges 41.4–65.9 µg/m3 and 30.4–43.7 µg/m3 respectively, compared to during the 30% traffic reduction run ranging at 40.5–59.5 µg/m3 and 29.9–40.3 µg/m3 respectively. The average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 at the Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAQMS) was 36.4 µg/m3 and 28.2 µg/m3 respectively. Strong correlations were observed between the predicted and observed data for PM10 and PM2.5 in both scenarios (p < 0.05). This research demonstrated that the reduction of traffic volume in the city contributes to reducing the concentration of particulate matter pollution.

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Andermann, Anne, Sebastian Mott, Christine M. Mathew, Claire Kendall, Oreen Mendonca, Dawnmarie Harriott, Andrew McLellan, et al. "Evidence-informed interventions and best practices for supporting women experiencing or at risk of homelessness: a scoping review with gender and equity analysis." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 1, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.1.01.

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Introduction While much of the literature on homelessness is centred on the experience of men, women make up over one-quarter of Canada’s homeless population. Research has shown that women experiencing homelessness are often hidden (i.e. provisionally housed) and have different pathways into homelessness and different needs as compared to men. The objective of this research is to identify evidence-based interventions and best practices to better support women experiencing or at risk of homelessness. Methods We conducted a scoping review with a gender and equity analysis. This involved searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and other databases for systematic reviews and randomized trials, supplementing our search through reference scanning and grey literature, followed by a qualitative synthesis of the evidence that examined gender and equity considerations. Results Of the 4102 articles identified on homelessness interventions, only 4 systematic reviews and 9 randomized trials were exclusively conducted on women or published disaggregated data enabling a gender analysis. Interventions with the strongest evidence included post-shelter advocacy counselling for women experiencing homelessness due to intimate partner violence, as well as case management and permanent housing subsidies (e.g. tenant-based rental assistance vouchers), which were shown to reduce homelessness, food insecurity, exposure to violence and psychosocial distress, as well as promote school stability and child well-being. Conclusion Much of the evidence on interventions to better support women experiencing homelessness focusses on those accessing domestic violence or family shelters. Since many more women are experiencing or at risk of hidden homelessness, population-based strategies are also needed to reduce gender inequity and exposure to violence, which are among the main structural drivers of homelessness among women.

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Phillips, Stephen James, Allison Stevens, Huiling Cao, Wendy Simpkin, Jennifer Payne, and Neala Gill. "Improving stroke care in Nova Scotia, Canada: a population-based project spanning 14 years." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (September 2021): e001368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001368.

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Stroke is a complex disorder that challenges healthcare systems. An audit of in-hospital stroke care in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, in 2004–2005 indicated that many aspects of care delivery fell short of national best practice recommendations. Stroke care in Nova Scotia was reorganised using a combination of interventions to facilitate systems change and quality improvement. The focus was mainly on implementing evidence-based stroke unit care, augmenting thrombolytic therapy and enhancing dysphagia assessment. Key were the development of a provincial network to facilitate ongoing collaboration and structured information exchange, the creation of the stroke coordinator and stroke physician champion roles, and the implementation of a registry to capture information about adults hospitalised because of stroke or transient ischaemic attack. To evaluate the interventions, a longitudinal analysis compared the audit results with registry data for 2012, 2015 and 2019. The proportion of patients receiving multidisciplinary stroke unit care rose from 22.4% in 2005 to 74.0% in 2019. The proportion of patients who received alteplase increased steadily from 3.2% to 18.5%, and the median delay between hospital arrival and alteplase administration decreased from 102 min to 56 min, without an increase in intracranial haemorrhage. Dysphagia screening increased from 41.4% to 77.4%. More patients were transferred from acute care to a dedicated in-patient rehabilitation unit, and fewer were discharged to residential or long-term care. These enhancements did not prolong length-of-stay in acute care. The network was a critical success factor; competing priorities in the healthcare system were the main challenge to implementing change. A multidimensional, multiyear, improvement intervention yielded substantial and sustained improvements in the process and structure of stroke care in Nova Scotia.

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Marek, Aleksander, Piotr Kardasz, Mikolaj Karpinski, and Volodymyr Pohrebennyk. "Assessment of the Logistic System of Fuel Life Cycle Using the LCA Method." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0050.

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AbstractThis paper presents the logistic system of fuel life cycle, covering diesel oil and the mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio), using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method is a technique in the field of management processes with a view to assessing the potential environmental hazards. Our intention was to compare the energy consumption needed to produce each of the test fuels and emissions of selected substances generated during ithe production process. The study involved 10,000 liters of diesel and the same amount of rapeseed oil and butanol mixture (2:3 ratio). On the basis of measurements the following results were obtained. To produce a functional unit of diesel oil (i.e. 10,000 liters) it is necessary to extract 58.8 m3 of crude oil. The entire life cycle covering the consumption of 10,000 liters of diesel consumes 475.668 GJ of energy and causes the emission to air of the following substances: 235.376 kg of COx, 944.921 kg of NOx, 83.287 kg of SOx. In the ease of a functional unit, to produce a mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio) 10,000 kg of rapeseed and 20,350 kg of straw should be used. The entire life cycle of 10,000 liters of a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio) absorbs 370.616 GJ of energy, while emitting the following air pollutants: 105.14832 kg of COx, 920.03124 kg of NOx, 0.162 kg of SOx. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that it is oil refining which is the most energy-intensive and polluting process in the life cycle of diesel. The process consumes 41.4 GJ of energy, and causes a significant emission of sulfur oxides (50 kg). In the production of fuel that is a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio), rape production is the most energy-intensive manufacturing process is (absorbs 53.856 GJ of energy). This is due to the long operation time of the farm tractor and combine harvester. The operation of these machines leads also to the emission of a significant amount of pollution in the form of COx (2.664 kg) and NOx (23.31 kg).

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Haftu, Desta, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Desalegn Ajema, Genet Gedamu, and Eskezyiaw Agedew. "Water, sanitation and hygiene practice and associated factors among HIV infected people in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 4 (May 10, 2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.373.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people have substantially greater need for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Many opportunistic infections cause high morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in immune competent populations. The objective of the study was to assess WASH practices and associated factors among PLHIV. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Bivariate and multivariate logistic model was employed. According to this study, 97 (23.5%) of the households have unimproved water status, 221 (53.5%) of the households have unimproved sanitation status and 171 (41.4%) of the households have poor hygiene practice. Diarrhoea [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16; 95% confidence interval (CI): (6, 44)] was associated with water status of the clients. Occupational status [AOR = 8.9; 95% CI: (2, 38)], wealth index [AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: (0.12, 0.4)], frequency of body washing [AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: (0.12, 0.4)] and hand washing device availability [AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: (2.5, 8)] were significantly associated with hygienic practice. It was concluded that the magnitude of the problem regarding WASH practices in HIV infected people in the study area was high. Health education and integrated additional support for the provision of WASH practices is needed.

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Roy, Satyajeet, Olga Schweiker-Kahn, Behjath Jafry, Rachel Masel-Miller, Riya Sam Raju, Liam Martin Orta O’Neill, Caroline Rose Correia, et al. "Risk Factors and Comorbidities Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211048556.

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Introduction/objectives: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Despite optimal glycemic control and blood pressure management, progression to DKD cannot be halted in some patients. We aimed to find the association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and comorbid conditions in patients with DKD. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of adult patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) was performed who visited our internal medicine office between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Results: Among 728 patients with DM, 471 (64.7%) patients had DKD, and 257 (35.3%) patients were without DKD. Among the group of patients with DKD, the majority were in CKD stage G1A2 (34.6%), followed equally by G2A2 and G3aA1 (16.8% each). Mean age of the patients with DKD was significantly greater than the patients without DKD (69.4 years vs 62.2 years; P < .001). For each unit increase in age, there was a 7.8% increase in the odds of DKD (95% CI 5.3-10.4; P < .001). Women had 2.32 times greater odds of DKD (95% CI, 1.41-3.81; P = .001). We found decreased odds of DKD for those who consumed alcohol moderately (OR 0.612, 95% CI 0.377-0.994; P < .05). Significantly higher frequencies of associations of several comorbid medical conditions were seen in patients with DKD compared to the patients without DKD, such as hypertension (91.9% vs 75.6%), hyperlipidemia (86.6% vs 78.2%), coronary artery disease (39.3% vs 16.8%), cerebrovascular accidents (13.4% vs 7.4%), congestive heart failure (12.9% vs 4.1%), carotid artery stenosis (11.3% vs 2.6%), aortic aneurysm (5.4% vs 2.0%), peripheral artery disease (10.8% vs 3.5%), gout (12.4% vs 5.5%), and osteoarthritis (41.4% vs 31.2%). Conclusions: In patients with diabetes, increasing age, female sex, and lack of moderate alcohol consumption were associated with increased odds of DKD. Higher frequencies of association of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, gout, and osteoarthritis were also seen in patients with DKD.

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Tortia, Ermanno C., Silvia Sacchetti, and Francisco J. López-Arceiz. "A Human Growth Perspective on Sustainable HRM Practices, Worker Well-Being and Organizational Performance." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711064.

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Care services pose new challenges and opportunities for the implementation of sustainable HRM practices related to worker involvement and well-being because of their relational nature. The article is framed in terms of the job demands and resources model and discusses the impact of sustainable HRM (SHRM) practices on organizational performance in terms of service quality and organizational innovation in social and care services. A possible mediating role of immaterial satisfaction between SHRM and performance is also considered. We use national survey data including 4134 workers in 310 matched nonprofit social enterprises in Italy. The results show that HRM practices linked to task autonomy, teamwork, and involvement positively influence immaterial satisfaction, while at the same time immaterial satisfaction and HRM features related to involvement and workload support performance. The mediating role of immaterial satisfaction is not confirmed, but its effect adds positively to involvement in improving performance. This work contributes to the literature on organizational performance and HRM sustainability, which are particularly important in the face of ongoing social change and organizational innovation in social and relational service delivery.

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Abafe, Ejovi Akpojevwe, Yonas T. Bahta, and Henry Jordaan. "Exploring Biblioshiny for Historical Assessment of Global Research on Sustainable Use of Water in Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 10651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710651.

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There are quite a lot of studies from global and regional perspectives that touch on sustainable water use in agriculture. As a result, we explored Biblioshiny to review the scholarly research on the sustainable use of water in agriculture. Using data analysis and visualization technique of 4106 documents authored by 12,686 scholars in 724 journals published between 1990 and 2022, we find that research on this topic gained momentum in 2007 and has followed a steady increase with an annual growth rate of ~16.12%. The results of the co-occurrence network mappings highlight five trendy topics in research on sustainable water use in agriculture, which were categorized based on five (5) Word Minimum Frequency and Number of Words per Year. These topics include the AquaCrop model, Agroforestry, Biochar, No-tillage, and Diet. While renowned journals such as Agricultural Water Management, followed by Sustainability and Water, have taken leading roles in pushing research on sustainable water use in agriculture. Regarding the impact of perspective, in terms of institutional affiliation and countries, we found that the top three most prominent affiliated institutions producing publications allied to research on the sustainable use of water in agriculture are Northwest A&F University in Xianyang, China, China Agricultural University, and Hohai University in Nanjing, China, while the top three countries are China, the USA, and Australia, accounting for 45,039 (43.4%) of the total 103,900 global citations. The study’s findings can be helpful to scholars in presenting an overview of the literature on the sustainable use of water in agriculture.

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Sun, Feng, Peng Yu, Chenhui Xu, Hongfei Yu, Fengyi Wang, Yang Zhou, and Haibing Cong. "Influence Mechanism of Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances on the Water Quality in Dynamic Water Supply System." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 13913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413913.

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As a kind of high-organic-content contamination source, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by cyanobacteria have become an important factor restricting the safety of supply water. In the dynamic batch mode water supply system, cyanobacterial EPS accelerated the decay rate of residual chlorine, resulting in a 21–26 times increase of the total viable bacteria count within 72 h. The water turbidity exceeded upper limit of the standards for drinking water quality within 4 h, with an increase of 306–332% within 72 h. The biological stability was reduced with BDOC and AOC increased by 41.4–43.8% and 331–396%, respectively. The main cause is that cyanobacterial EPS act as nutrients and metabolic energy for microorganisms, promoting their metabolic activity and secretion of extracellular organic components. This leads to the metabolic accumulation of tryptophan, fulvic acids and humic acids in the pipeline, thus further promoting the regeneration of bacteria. Compared with the influence of biofilm on pipe wall caused by long-term use of water supply network, the contribution of cyanobacterial EPS to the water contamination of pipe network is increased several times. Therefore, even in the presence of residual chlorine, the secondary contamination caused by cyanobacterial EPS in the water supply system could not be neglected.

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А.Н., Филипчук,, Малышева, Н.В., Ипп, С.Л., Сумин, Ю.В., and Дурманов, Н.Д. "The first pilot carbon polygon in the Kaluga region: methodology and experiment for assessing the stocks and carbon sequestration in forest biomass." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 240 (December 11, 2022): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2022.240.112-129.

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На первом пилотном карбоновом полигоне в Калужской области выполнены исследования, направленные на совершенствование и верификацию методов количественной оценки запасов, поглощения и эмиссий углерода лесами. Цель исследования – разработка методики оценки, алгоритмов расчетов поступлений и потерь углерода биомассой лесов в ходе естественного роста и развития древостоев. Экспериментальная часть исследования включает апробацию расчетов на текущий период и прогнозный, на 20 лет. Объект экспериментальных работ – часть территории Беляевского участкового лесничества Национального парка «Угра» Калужской области общей площадью 4134 га. Исходными данными для экспериментальных расчетов служили материалы таксации 2021 г., выполненной глазомерно-измерительным способом по первому таксационному разряду. Разработан алгоритм, позволяющий рассчитать показатели текущего прироста запаса древесины (прирост по наличному запасу) и прироста по общей продуктивности по данным натурной таксации древостоев на выделах и таблицам хода роста на текущий год и прогнозный период (20 лет). Показатели текущего прироста по запасу и годичного накопления отпада преобразованы в годичное поглощение углерода фитомассой и накопление углерода пулом древесного детрита (отпада). Сопоставление текущего значения и прогнозных оценок поступления углерода в фитомассу на территории объекта исследований свидетельствует о снижении общего объема и среднего значения поглощения за 20 лет на ≈ 37% вследствие уменьшения прироста запаса спелых насаждений, увеличения отпада за счет отмирания части деревьев и распада насаждений при переходе из возрастной группы спелых в перестойные. В течение прогнозного периода в ходе естественного развития древостоев, не нарушаемого внешним воздействием, будет происходить перераспределение запасов углерода между пулами фитомассы и мертвого органического вещества. Прогноз годичного поступления углерода в пул древесного детрита (отпада) для перестойных насаждений по таблицам хода роста приводит к его недооценке. Для численной оценки углеродных параметров лесов необходимо усовершенствование всеобщих и региональных таблиц хода роста основных лесообразующих пород, в том числе по общей продуктивности (с учетом естественного отпада). The studies to improve and verify methods for quantifying forest carbon stocks, sequestration and emissions have been carried out at the first Carbon Test Site in the Kaluga region. The study aims to develop the methods and algorithms for the estimating the carbon revenues and losses in the forest biomass due to natural stand growth. The experimental part of the study includes the testing calculations for the current period and projection, in the future, for 20 years. The object of experimental work with a total area of 4134 hectares is a part of the Belyaev forest management unit of the National Park «Ugra» in the Kaluga region. Experimental calculations were based on the forest inventory performed by the visual measurement method for the first class of inventory in 2021. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the net growth (stock increment) and mortality based on the field inventory data of tree stands and tables and models of growth and productivity of forests for the current year and the projection for 20 years. The net growth and annual mortality have been converted into annual carbon sequestration in the phytomass and annual carbon storage in the wood detritus. A comparison of the current value and projections of carbon sequestration in the phytomass shows a decrease of 37 per cent in total and average for 20-year due to a decrease in the growth of the mature stands, increased mortality due to loss of trees and disintegration of stands in the transition from the mature to the over-mature stands. Carbon stocks will be redistributed between phytomass and dead organic matter pools due to the natural growth of the stands not disturbed by external influences over the projection period. The projection of annual carbon accumulation in the dead organic matter (detritus pool) with tables and models of growth and productivity for over-mature stands underestimates it. General and regional tables of growth and mortality of stands for major forest forming species need to be improved to quantify the forest carbon.

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Journal articles on the topic '4104 Environmental management'

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