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Tang, JunNi, MingSong Kang, HuanChun Chen, XianMing Shi, Rui Zhou, Juan Chen, and YiWu Du. "The staphylococcal nuclease prevents biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and other biofilm-forming bacteria." Science China Life Sciences 54, no. 9 (July 21, 2011): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-011-4195-5.
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Sancak, B., H. Cenk Mirza, B. Altun, and F. Tunçkanat. "Identification and distribution of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in a University Hospital: 4 years’ experience." Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal) 9, no. 1 (July 29, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-75-81.
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Anaerobes, which are components of microbiota, can cause life-threatening infections. Because of their fastidious nature, they are difficult to isolate and are often overlooked. The goal of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens at the Central Laboratory of Hacettepe University Hospital in 2015-2018 and to evaluate the distribution of the isolated bacterial species among the different specimen types. The anaerobic bacteria isolated from the specimens were identified by the conventional methods and MALDI-TOF MS.Overall, 15,300 anaerobic cultures were studied. Of these, 14,434 (94.3%) were blood samples and 866 (5.7%) were other clinical specimens. A total of 138 anaerobic bacteria were isolated: 62 (44.9%) were isolated from blood samples and 76 (55.1%) from other specimens. The most isolated anaerobes from blood cultures were Bacteroides spp. (41.9%), followed by Cutibacterium acnes (25.8%) and Clostridium spp. (9.7%). The most isolated anaerobes from the other specimens were Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides spp. (15.8%), Fusobacterium spp. (14.5%), Prevotella spp. (14.5%), and Porphyromonas spp. (2.6%). Anaerobic Finegoldia magna represented the major species among the isolated Gram-positive bacteria (10.5%). Anaerobic growth was observed in 0.4% of all the blood cultures and in 5.8% of the positive blood cultures. The results of our study showed that the incidence of anaerobic bacteremia was stable during the 2015-2018 period.
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Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar, Melanie Hawkins, Gerald Elsworth, Michael T. Fahey, Jeevan Thapa, Sandeepa Karki, Lila Bahadur Basnet, Paras K. Pokharel, and Richard H. Osborne. "Use of the English Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) with Health Science University Students in Nepal: A Validity Testing Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063241.
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Research evidence shows that health literacy development is a key factor influencing non-communicable diseases care and patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals with strong health literacy skills are essential for providing quality care. We aimed to report the validation testing of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) among health professional students in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 419 health sciences students using the HLQ in Nepal. Validation testing and reporting were conducted using five sources outlined by ‘the 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing’. The average difficulty was lowest (17.4%) for Scale 4. Social support for health, and highest (51.9%) for Scale 6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers. One factor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) model showed a good fit for Scale 2, Scale 7 and Scale 9 and a reasonable fit for Scale 3 and Scale 4. The restricted nine-factor CFA model showed a satisfactory level of fit. The use of HLQ is seen to be meaningful in Nepal and warrants translation into native Nepali and other dominant local languages with careful consideration of cultural appropriateness using cognitive interviews.
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Avon, Dominique. "Hommes de religion, femmes, féminismes." École pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses, no. 129 (May 31, 2022): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asr.4199.
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Devita, Yeni, Yureya Nita, and Alfianur Alfianur. "Edukasi Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak dan Remaja di Panti Asuhan Anak Yatim/ Fakir Miskin Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru." JURNAL KREATIVITAS PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (PKM) 5, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 2916–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v5i9.7140.
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ABSTRAK Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak dan remaja saat ini marak terjadi. Kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak merupakan kasus seksual tertinggi dibandingkan kelompok usia lainnya. Menurut Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia tahun 2021 ada 3 kasus kekerasan tertinggi yang terjadi pada anak. Pada tahun 2020 kekerasan seksual pada anak sebanyak 419 kasus, dikuti dengan kekerasan fisik sebanyak 249 kasus dan kekerasan psikis sebanyak 119 kasus. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak dan remaja tentang kekerasan seksual. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil Kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pada anak dan remaja Panti Asuhan Anak Yatim / Fakir Miskin Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru setelah pemberian edukasi terkait pengenalan dan pencegahan kekerasan seksual. Dibutuhkan berbagai upaya un tuk mencegah kekerasan seksual ini dari berbagai pihak yang terkait. Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Kekerasan Seksual, Anak, Remaja ABSTRACT Cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents are currently rife. Cases of child sexual violence are the highest sexual cases compared to other age groups. According to the Indonesian Child Protection Commission in 2021 there were 3 highest cases of violence that occurred against children. In2020, sexual violence against children was 419 cases, followed by physical violence in 249 cases and psychic violence in 119 cases. This Community Service aims to increase the knowledge of children and adolescents about sexual violence. This community service activity is carried out by the method of lectures and discussions. There is an increase in knowledge in children and adolescents of the Orphanage for Orphans / Poor People Ar-Rahman Pekanbaru after providing education related to the introduction and prevention of sexual violence. Various efforts are needed to prevent this sexual violence from various parties involved. Keywords: Education, Sexual Violence, Child, Adolescent
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Kaminsky, Viacheslav, Tetiana Anoshina, and Tetiana Kolomiychenko. "Social and Medical Aspects of the Association HIV and Herpes Virus Infection in Pregnant Women." Family Medicine, no. 6 (December 30, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.6.2016.249003.
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The objective: to evaluate the social and health aspects of the association of HIV and herpes infections (GVI) in pregnant women.
Patients and methods. Clinical and statistical analysis of 1177 individual cards of pregnant women with HIV for 5 years. The control group consisted of 200 pregnant women with physiological pregnancy.
Results. Analysis of individual cards of pregnant women with HIV found insufficient to TORCH-infection survey (74,7%). The frequency of herpes infections in HIV-infected patients was 42,3%. The most common laboratory revealed HSV1/2 – 41,9%, CMV – 22,4% and mixed infection (both HSV1/2 and CMV) – 28,1%, other types of AIT is quite rare. At 8,5% of pregnant women stated primary infection herpes viruses, 27,2% – the reactivation of infection. HIV infection is often associated with other infections: hepatitis, fungal infections, toxoplasmosis, papillomavirus infections, respiratory infections, infections of the genitourinary system. Fixed low social status of HIV-infected women with AIT, the presence of harmful habits, a high frequency of co-infections and low compliance to treatment, are additional factors of perinatal risk. History data indicate a high rate of abortions and missed abortion in women with HIV infection and GVI. Going the way of HIV infection with parenteral on sex strengthens the role of herpes virus infection as a cofactor transition from HIV to AIDS, and the development of perinatal complications. The current pregnancy burdened with 84,3% of women: high incidence of placental insufficiency (41,3%), the threat of miscarriage and preterm labor, fetal distress. Maternal mortality in 5 years was noted in 2 cases (0,1‰), both women were GVI, perinatal – in 12 cases, 8 (21,5‰) of them women with AIT. 12,1% of children were born in a state of severe asphyxia, malnutrition with 31,3%, from 3,8% of the children at the end of 1st day intrauterine diagnosed pneumonia.
Conclusions. The high frequency of co-infection of HIV and herpes viruses, joining other infections and comorbidity in these women, their low social adaptation, and susceptibility to treatment, the negative impact of herpes infection in the course of HIV infection, the condition of women during pregnancy, the fetus and the newborn, which requires individual approach to the management of women based on established medical and social aspects of the problem.
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Sadnyani, Dewa Ayu Ketut Oka, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Novi Wiraningrat, and Romy Windiyanto. "Efektivitas vaksin influenza terhadap kejadian rawat inap pada anak dengan influenza: sebuah tinjauan sistematik dan meta analisis." Intisari Sains Medis 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1483.
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Background: Influenza is a respiratory infection that is often experienced by children. Influenza particularly happens in developing countries with a high number of cases. Global influence on influenza vaccine research has now been carried out to reduce the incidence of inpatient and severe influenza complications.Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine (EVI) on inpatient events related to influenza disease in children.Methods: Search for published scientific articles using the prism method (preferred reporting, items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis). The search was carried out on a PubMed database, Cochrane Library and Medline published in the last 10 years until 1st May 2022, about influenza vaccines on inpatient events related to influenza in children. All types of studies are included if the result is inpatient, respondents under the age of 18 and influenza infections are confirmed for the laboratory results. All analyses in our research were conducted using STATA V13.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX)Results: A randomized meta-analysis of 34 studies that use seasonal cohort and cross-sectional designs assesses the effectiveness of influenza vaccine (EVI) on inpatient events in children by 52.6% (95% CI: 50.9 -54,2) for all influenza. It was found that EVI was higher in influenza A/H1N1PDM09 at 70.0% (95%CI: 66.3-73.6) compared to Influenza A/H3n2 (38.9%; 95%CI: 31.8-46.1) and influenza B (46.7%; 95%CI: 41.9-51.4). According to the type of vaccine, EVI is obtained in the higher QIV type, which is 60.4% (95% CI: 55.3-65.5) compared to other types of vaccines.Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis reinforces evidence that shows that influenza vaccination is generally an effective action to prevent inpatient events related to influenza in children. Latar belakang: Penyakit influenza merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi pernapasan yang sering dialami anak-anak. Influenza khususnya terjadi negara berkembang dengan kondisi jumlah kasus yang masih tinggi. Untuk menurunkan kejadian rawat inap dan komplikasi penyakit infuenza yang berat, saat ini telah dilakukan penelitian vaksin influenza secara global.Tujuan: Untuk menelaah efektivitas vaksin influenza (EVI) terhadap kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak.Metode: Penelusuran artikel-artikel ilmiah terpublikasi menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting, Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis). Pencarian dilakukan dengan basis data PubMed, Cochrane library dan Medline yang diterbitkan pada 10 tahun terakhir hingga bulan Mei 2022, tentang vaksin influenza terhadap kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak. Semua jenis studi dimasukkan jika hasilnya adalah rawat inap, responden yang berumur di bawah 18 tahun dan infeksi influenza dikonfirmasi atas hasil laboratorium. Semua analisis dalam penelitian kami dilakukan dengan menggunakan Stata v13.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX)Hasil: Sebuah meta-analisis efek acak dari 34 studi yang menggunakan desain cohort dan cross-sectional musiman yang dikumpulkan menilai efektivitas vaksin influenza (EVI) terhadap kejadian rawat inap pada anak-anak sebesar 52,6% (95%CI: 50,9-54,2) untuk semua influenza. Diperoleh bahwa EVI lebih tinggi terhadap influenza A/H1N1pdm09 sebesar 70,0% (95%CI: 66,3-73,6) dibandingkan influenza A/H3N2 (38,9%; 95%CI: 31,8-46,1) dan influenza B (46,7%; 95%CI: 41,9-51,4). Berdasarkan jenis vaksin, diperoleh EVI pada jenis QIV lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 60,4% (95%CI: 55,3-65,5) dibandingkan dengan jenis vaksin lainnya.Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil meta-analisis ini menguatkan bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa vaksinasi influenza umumnya adalah tindakan efektif untuk mencegah kejadian rawat inap terkait penyakit influenza pada anak-anak.
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Ukegbu, A. U., P. U. Njoku, K. C. Metu, U. U. Onyeonoro, O. C. Obiechina, C. C. Ozurumba, and C. N. Ebidan. "Workplace Fire Safety: Knowledge and Preparedness in a Public Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Abia State, South East Nigeria." Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 34, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcmphc.v34i2.7.
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Background: Fire outbreak in a healthcare facility presents enormous challenge and a need for rapid response. The purpose of this study was to examine fire safety (FS) knowledge of workers and preparedness measures in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 27 buildings and 310 employees from different units and departments, recruited by convenient non- probability sampling technique. A walk-through observational checklist and self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data which was analysed with SPSS software, version 20. Association between knowledge of FS and respondents’ working experience and FS training was measured using χ2- test. P ≤0.05 was assumed to be statistically significantResults: The highest proportion of participants were administrative staff 93 (30%), followed by medical doctors 80 (25.8%) and nurses 63 (20.3%). Only 28 (9.0%) had received training on FS, 109 (35.2%) knew how to operate a fire extinguisher, while 139 (41.9%) had knowledge of the location of fire extinguisher in their workplaces. Twenty-six (8.4%) knew the emergency number(s) to call if fire occurs. Only 107 (34.5%) of them had good knowledge of fire safety. Training on FS was significantly associated with knowledge of fire safety (p=0.026). All the buildings lacked necessary measures for FS.Conclusion: FS knowledge and level of preparedness were unsatisfactory in the hospital, which may constitute serious threat to the safety of workers and patients. The hospital management should implement regular FS training programmes for the workers to improve their knowledge, as well as put in place other FS measures.
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BAMIDELE, Olabisi Titilayo, Olatunde Olayanju, Martin Ehizode Emuze, Joel Olufunminiyi Akande, Nonso Nduka, Bola Joyce Eseile, Olanrewaju Olasehinde, and Modupe Akinrele Kuti. "Allele Frequencies of Apolipoprotein E in a South Western Nigerian population on HAART." Babcock University Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/babcockunivmedj.v5i2.160.
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Objective: Increasing evidence has shown that ApoE polymorphism is associated with the early onset of cardiovascular and neurological diseases in patients on HAART. The frequency of occurrence of the alleles and the genotypes vary by race and population. The study describes the pattern seen among adults in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 randomly selected HIV-infected persons on protease inhibitor therapy who receive care at the adult antiretroviral clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. DNA was extracted from leucocytes using EDTA blood. ApoE genotypes were determined using the Seeplex ApoE ACE genotyping kit. The epidemiological distribution of apoE is figured with a pie graph. Results: About four-fifth (79%) of the participants were females while about two-thirds (68%) were below 50 years of age. The most frequently occurring allele was the ε3 allele (82.2%) and the most common ApoE genotype observed was ε3/ε3. This genotype was present in 52 (41.9%) of the participants. At least one allele of Apo ε2, Apo ε3, and Apo ε4 was present in 28(22.5%), 102 (82.2%), and 50 (40.3) of the study participants respectively. Homozygosity for Apo ε2 and Apo ε4 was observed in 4.8% and 8.0% of participants respectively. Conclusions: Allelic frequency seen is similar to that described in other studied populations and the frequency of genotypes observed was also similar to those described among world populations with a higher observation of ApoE4 allele as seen in people of African descent.
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Carvalho, Gustavo de Araújo, Peter J. Minnett, Nelson F. F. Ebecken, and Luiz Landau. "Classification of Oil Slicks and Look-Alike Slicks: A Linear Discriminant Analysis of Microwave, Infrared, and Optical Satellite Measurements." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132078.
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We classify low-backscatter regions observed in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements of the surface of the ocean as either oil slicks or look-alike slicks (radar false targets). Our proposed classification algorithm is based on Linear Discriminant Analyses (LDAs) of RADARSAT-1 measurements (402 scenes off the southeast coast of Brazil from July 2001 to June 2003) and Meteorological-Oceanographic (MetOc) data from other earth observation sensors: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT). Oil slicks are sea-surface expressions of exploration and production oil, ship- and orphan-spills. False targets are associated with environmental phenomena, such as biogenic films, algal blooms, upwelling, low wind, or rain cells. Both categories have been interpreted by domain-experts: mineral oil (n = 350; 45.5%) and petroleum free (n = 419; 54.5%). We explore nine size variables (area, perimeter, etc.) and three types of MetOc information (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and wind speed) that describe the 769 samples analyzed. Seven attribute–domain combinations are tested with three non-linear transformations (none, cube root, log10), with and without MetOc, adding to 39 attribute subdivisions. Classification accuracies are independent of data transformation and improve when selected size attributes are combined with MetOc, leading to overall accuracies of ~80% and sound levels of sensitivity (~90%), specificity (~80%), positive (~80%) and negative (~90%) predictive values. The effectiveness of this data-driven attempt supports further commercial or academic implementation of our LDA algorithm.
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Polupan, Yu P., R. V. Stavetska, and V. A. Siriak. "THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC FACTORS ON LONGEVITY AND LIFETIME PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 61 (May 27, 2021): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.11.
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The influence of genotypic factors (breed, Holstein share heredity, line or related group, sire) on the longevity and lifetime production of dairy cows has been investigated. The study was carried out in a retrospective statistical experiment on the commercial dairy farm “Terezyne”, which located in Kyiv region. The formed matrix of observations in the sta format generally contained information about 5703 cows for 458 variables.
Holstein cows were characterized by higher longevity (1489 ± 27.8 days) and higher lifetime milk production (21940 ± 500.9 kg), the lowest longevity and lifetime milk production had cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed. Holstein cows compared to animals of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed had in average more lactations (+0.57 ± 0.187) and higher number of total calves (+0.59 ± 0.244). They had an advantage in lifespan by 218 ± 80.1 days, productive lifespan – by 326 ± 82.0 days, total lactation length – by 282 ± 62.2 days. During the lifetime, they produced 4119 ± 1398.4 kg more milk and 549.3 ± 99.62 kg more milk fat and milk protein. Lifetime daily milk yield of Holstein cows was on average 2.6 ± 0.37 kg higher, lifetime daily milk fat and milk protein – 208 ± 26.7 g more compared to animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed. Cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in most traits were intermediate between Holstein and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.
While increasing Holstein share heredity the longevity and lifetime production of cows tended for curvilinear growing. Lifetime of Holstein cows (100%) in the herd was 0.16 ± 0.405 lactations and 325 ± 170.7 days (P < 0.1) longer compared to animals with Holstein share heredity less than 75%. Their lifetime milk production was 8969 ± 2351.6 kg (P < 0.001) higher, lifetime milk fat and milk protein production by 709.9 ± 164.73 kg (P < 0.001) higher, lifetime daily yield by 3.0 ± 0.62 kg (P < 0.001) and 250 ± 43.5 g (P < 0.001), respectively, higher.
The cows of Starbuck 352790, Valiant 1650414 and Elevation 1491007 lines and daughter of V. Astronomer 2160438 and H. R. Artist 6284191 sires showed the best longevity and lifetime production. The advantage of cows of the related group of Starbuck 352790 in comparison to animals of other lines in total number of lactations was 0.28–1.29, number of total calves – 0.16–1.20, lifespan – 90–508 days, productive lifespan – 116–603 days, total lactation length – 98–500 days, lifetime milk production – 1402–12161 kg, lifetime milk fat and milk protein production – 115–892 kg. Daughters of bull V. Astronomer 2160438 characterized by 0.96–2.72 more total number of lactations than daughters of other bulls; they had 0.80–2.33 higher average number of total calves. In terms of lifespan, productive lifespan and total lactation length, daughters of this bull were predominated the daughters of other bulls by 392–1037, 297–1143 and 278–971 days, respectively.
One-way analysis of variance showed that the greatest influence on longevity and lifetime production of dairy cows had a paternal inheritance, the lowest – breed, it means there is a tendency of increasing the influence of genotypic factors on the researched traits while reducing the level of selection group in the system hierarchy. The strength of breed influence (higher level of intraspecific selection system hierarchy) on the traits of longevity and lifetime production of cows ranged from 1.1 to 12.5%, Holstein share heredity – 3.9 to 19.5%, line or related group – 4.0–19.8% and paternal inheritance – 25.0–47.6%. Greater degree of influence of paternal inheritance is explained both by the lowest (basic) level of intrabreed system hierarchy (the closest level of intragroup kinship) and (partially) by a much higher number of gradations of the organized factor.
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Cartwright, Elizabeth J., Delvac Oceandy, Clare Austin, and Ludwig Neyses. "Ca2+ signalling in cardiovascular disease: the role of the plasma membrane calcium pumps." Science China Life Sciences 54, no. 8 (July 24, 2011): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-011-4199-1.
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Senft, Nicole, Maureen Sanderson, Rebecca Selove, William J. Blot, Rachel F. Tyndale, Quiyin Cai, Karen Gilliam, Suman Kundu, and Hilary A. Tindle. "4199 A pilot randomized controlled trial of precision care for smoking cessation in the Southern Community Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.323.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Precision care may engage smokers and providers in treatment but is understudied in the community. We piloted guideline-based care (GBC) alone or with Respiragene, a lung cancer polygenic risk score (PRS, 1-10), or metabolism-informed choice of medication using the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Daily smokers (n = 58) with stored biospecimens in the Southern Community Cohort Study were randomized 1:1:1 to GBC, PRS, or NMR, counseled to quit smoking, and co-selected FDA-approved cessation medication (nicotine replacement, varenicline) with a tobacco counselor. In PRS, precision motivational counseling was guided by PRS (i.e., lung cancer risk 10-40-fold that of never-smokers). In NMR, precision medication recommendations consisted of varenicline for faster metabolizers (NMR≥0.31) and nicotine replacement for slow metabolizers (NMR<0.31). Feasibility was defined as achieving at least 50% provider engagement (med prescription) and at least 50% patient engagement (self-reported med use). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants were median age 59, 72% female, 81% Black, 60% with incomes <$15,000; median cigarettes/day was 15 (IQR 8-20) and 52% reported time-to-first cigarette <5 minutes, illustrating moderate nicotine dependence. Providers confirmed medication prescriptions for 40% of patients (32% GBC, 50% PRS, 37% NMR) and 83% of patients reported using medication (prescribed or unprescribed) during the study (90% GBC, 80% PRS, 79% NMR). At 6-month follow-up, 27% (n = 15) reported cessation (39% GBC, 16% PRS, 26% NMR). Among persistent smokers, 46% reported smoking at least 50% fewer cigarettes/day compared to baseline (45% GBC, 38% PRS, 57% NMR). Small sample size precluded statistical comparisons. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Precision interventions to quit smoking are feasible for community smokers, who engaged at high rates. However, only 40% of providers supported patients’ quit attempts with medication prescriptions. Future research should test strategies to raise provider engagement in precision smoking treatment. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: R.F.T. has consulted for Quinn Emmanual and Apotex on unrelated topics. H.A.T. reported providing input on design for a phase 3 trial of cytisine proposed by Achieve Life Sciences and being a principal investigator of National Institutes of Health–sponsored studies for smoking cessation that include medications donated by the manufacturers. Other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
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Gebreegziabher, Tafere, and Nigatu Regassa. "Ethiopia’s high childhood undernutrition explained: analysis of the prevalence and key correlates based on recent nationally representative data." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 11 (March 21, 2019): 2099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000569.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of child, maternal and household factors in stunting, wasting and underweight among children under 5 years in Ethiopia.DesignQuantitative cross-sectional design based on nationally representative data.SettingUrban and rural areas of Ethiopia.ParticipantsYounger (0–24 months; n 4199) and older age groups (25–59 months; n 5497), giving a total of 9696 children.ResultsAmong the younger age group, 29 % were stunted, 14 % were wasted and 19 % were underweight; and among the older age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 47, 8 and 28 %, respectively. Being female, intake of multiple micronutrients, household having a piped source of drinking-water, high maternal BMI, higher household wealth and higher maternal education were associated with decreased odds of at least one form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, had low birth weight, drank from a bottle, and children of stunted or wasted or working mothers were more likely to be stunted, wasted or underweight in both groups (P<0·05). While most predictors and/or risk factors followed a similar pattern across the two age groups, child factors had higher leverage in the younger than the older group across the three forms of undernutrition.ConclusionsMultiple set of factors predicted childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia. The study underscores the importance of intervening in the first 1000 days through promoting maternal education, maternal–child health services, mother’s nutrition and improving intrahousehold food distribution.
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Lee, Sang Ho, Sangjun Im, and Dixon Gevaña. "Assessing Rainfall Contribution to Storm Flow on a Small Forested Catchment in Republic of Korea." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2014_1/03.
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The TOPMODEL was employed to analyze rainfall contribution to runoff generation in a 58.3-ha Myeongseong catchment in Korea. The parameters of the model were calibrated using Monte Carlo simulation by comparing the observed and simulated runoff volume across nine recorded storm events. Parameter estimations gave the model an efficiency of 0.93 for the entire event set. Mean fraction of rainfall to storm flow was 23.1%, ranging from 5.6 to 48.3%. Variations were also observed in rainfall contribution related mainly to antecedent moisture conditions and other hydrological properties of the catchment. Quick response flow that was estimated from the saturated overland flow in the model comprised 41.9 -75.9% of the total runoff for nine storm events, while base flow accounted for 41.7% of streamflow for all events. No significant relationship between rainfall amount and quick response flow was found. This study introduced a modeling approach to identify the source of streamflow on a forested catchment. Difficulties in predicting accurately the runoff were encountered. In general, immense and high quality data are required to overcome the complexity of hydrologic processes that occur in forested catchments.
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Rozwadowski, Helen M. "Internationalism, Environmental Necessity, and National Interest: Marine Science and Other Sciences." Minerva 42, no. 2 (2004): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mine.0000030023.04586.45.
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Mølhave, Lars. "Biomarkers and other substitute measures in indoor air sciences." Indoor Air 13, no. 4 (November 24, 2003): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0905-6947.2003.00227.x.
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Nurfitria, Rizki Siti, Khoerul Rasyidin, Ni Nyoman Sri Mas Hartini, and Ani Anggriani. "Praktek Pengelolaan dan Pemusnahan Limbah Obat pada Sarana Pelayanan Farmasi Komunitas Wilayah Bandung Timur." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.1.83-92.
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Latar belakang: Limbah farmasi sebagai salah satu penyebab pencemaran lingkungan masih menjadi masalah dilematis pada sarana pelayanan farmasi komunitas dimana obat harus dimusnahkan secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian pengelolaan dan pemusnahan limbah obat pada sarana farmasi komunitas wilayah Bandung Timur.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara pada bulan April – September 2021. Responden merupakan penanggung jawab kegiatan pengelolaan dan pemusnahan limbah obat pada 47 sarana farmasi yang terdiri dari apotek dan klinik pratama yang ditentukan secara accidental sampling. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif mencakup karakteristik limbah obat dan gambaran kesesuaian pengelolaan dan pemusnahan obat.Hasil: Semua sarana hanya menghasilkan limbah obat golongan obat keras, obat OTC, obat tradisional dengan bentuk sediaan solid mendominasi sebanyak rerata 330,2 item (41,9 g). Kegiatan pemusnahan limbah obat dilakukan secara mandiri sebesar 85,7% sedangkan 13,3 % penanganan dilakukan dengan cara diserahkan ke pihak lain. Sebagian besar sarana farmasi belum melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga. Sebesar 59,6% sarana telah memiliki alur pengelolaan limbah yang sesuai sedangkan sebelas apotek dan tiga klinik pratama memiliki alur penanganan limbah obat yang tidak sesuai.Simpulan: Separuh lebih sarana farmasi telah memiliki alur pengelolaan limbah sesuai Pedoman Pengelolaan Limbah Obat Rusak dan Kadaluarsa di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan tahun 2021 namun diperlukan sinkronisasi dengan pedoman layanan farmasi yang lain serta sosialisasi kepada pengelola. Apoteker sebagai pengelola perbekalan farmasi perlu mendapat daya dukung yang baik dalam menangani limbah obat secara professional. Title: Suitability of Practices for Management and Destruction of Drug Waste in Community Pharmacy Service Facilities in the East Bandung RegionBackground: Pharmaceutical waste as one of the causes of environmental pollution is still a dilemma for community pharmacy service facilities where drugs must be destroyed independently. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of the management and destruction of drug waste in community pharmacy facilities in the East Bandung area.Method: This research was a descriptive study conducted through direct observation and interviews in April – September 2021. Respondents were responsible for the management and destruction of drug waste at 47 pharmaceutical facilities consisting of pharmacies and primary clinics determined by accidental sampling. The data was processed and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively including the characteristics of drug waste and a description of the suitability of the management and destruction of drugs.Result: All facilities only produce solid drug, OTC drugs,and traditional medicines waste with solid dosage forms dominating an average of 330.2 items (41.9 g). The activity of destroying drug waste is carried out independently by 85.7%, while 13.3% of handling is carried out by handing it over to other parties. Most of the pharmaceutical facilities have not collaborated with third parties. As many as 59.6% of the facilities had appropriate waste management lines, while eleven pharmacies and three primary clinics had inappropriate drug waste management lines.Conclusion: More than half of pharmaceutical facilities already have a waste management flow in accordance with the Guidelines for Waste Management of Damaged and Expired Drugs in Health Service Facilities in 2021, but synchronization with other pharmaceutical service guidelines and socialization to managers is required. Pharmacists as managers of pharmaceutical supplies need to have good support in dealing with drug waste in a professional manner.
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Alexander, Mihili. "The “other Other” perspective." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 26, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2022.03.
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Aotearoa New Zealand is a bicultural nation, yet home to peoples of many different ethnicities. Among the many immigrants to these shores are a growing number of non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists. This article draws on findings from a small qualitative study with four non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists practicing and residing in Aotearoa New Zealand, to explore and understand their lived experiences. Additionally, current literature is drawn upon to supplement findings and to reflect on what it means for non- indigenous ethnic minorities to encounter and exist within a bicultural sphere.
He iwi tikanga rua a Aotearoa Niu Tīreni, ahakoa tonu he kāinga ki te mātawaka. Kai roto i te manene maha ki tēnei whenua, e rahi haere ake ana nga kaiwhakaora hinengaro manene iwi hauiti. He tirohanga tā tēnei tuhinga ki ngā hua puta ake i tētahi mātai ine kounga i waenga i ētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro manene hauiti tokowhā e mahi ana e noho ana i Aotearoa Niu Tīreni kia kite kia mātau ki ō rātau wheako koiora. I tua atu ka honoa atu ngā tuhinga o ēnei rā hai kīnaki i ngā hua, ka āta whai whakaaro ai hoki he pēhea tēnei āhua ki ngā iwi ehara i te tangata whenua , ā, he iwi hauiti ki te tuki ki te whaiora i roto i te awe o tikanga ruatanga.
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Gvishiani, A. D., M. N. Dobrovolsky, B. V. Dzeranov, and B. A. Dzeboev. "Big Data in Geophysics and Other Earth Sciences." Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth 58, no. 1 (February 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1069351322010037.
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Cort, Robin. "Environmental Epidemiology. Volume 2: Use of the Gary Literature and Other Data in Environmental Epidemiology. Committee on Environmental Epidemiology." Quarterly Review of Biology 74, no. 4 (December 1999): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/394217.
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Ignacio García S.J., José. "The Contributions of European Jesuits to Environmental Sciences." Journal of Jesuit Studies 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2016): 562–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00304002.
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Jesuit activity in the fields of the natural sciences manifest in the origins of the Society both as teachers and as missionaries. In particular, entomology, botany, meteorology, and geography attracted the attention of the early Jesuits. Always involved in scientific inquiry, the number of Jesuits today working in these fields has diminished tremendously. During the twentieth century though Jesuits established reputable institutions of agricultural education in both France and Spain. This article discusses the recent development of the discipline of ecology and other Jesuit contributions in the fields of agronomy, energy, economics, and social analysis.
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Campbell, Ben. "Environmental Cosmopolitans." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030102.
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Cosmopolitanism has become a rediscovered conceptual frontier within the social sciences. It has emerged in the space for relational thinking about contemporary movements of people and ideas beyond old societal boundaries, as an alternative to the homogenizing implications carried by globalization. It forefronts new cross-territorial contexts of encounter attending to samenesses and differences among people, places, and the nonhuman, presenting new kinds of translocal issues for anthropologists of the environment. While cosmopolitanism draws historically on aspects of Enlightenment universalist rationalism, current applications of the term forefront an empathy and respect for other people’s cultures and values. This is frequently drawn into a distinction between “normative” and “cultural” cosmopolitanisms. The first Kantian sense involves a context-transcendent level of ethical principles with general validity, while the second is about taking cognizance of difference and invokes some positive tolerance of multiplicity and appreciation of others. In both cases there is a sense of a projected “ethical horizon” (Werbner 2008).
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Dong, Yan, Guozhong Zhou, Wenjing Cao, Xin Xu, Yu Zhang, Zhenhua Ji, Jiaru Yang, et al. "Global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in human populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 6 (June 2022): e007744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007744.
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IntroductionBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) infection, the most frequent tick-transmitted disease, is distributed worldwide. This study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of Bb in human populations.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and other sources for relevant studies of all study designs through 30 December 2021 with the following keywords: ‘Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato’ AND ‘infection rate’; and observational studies were included if the results of human Bb antibody seroprevalence surveys were reported, the laboratory serological detection method reported and be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We screened titles/abstracts and full texts of papers and appraised the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration-endorsed Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Data were synthesised narratively, stratified by different types of outcomes. We also conducted random effects meta-analysis where we had a minimum of two studies with 95% CIs reported. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021261362).ResultsOf 4196 studies, 137 were eligible for full-text screening, and 89 (158 287 individuals) were included in meta-analyses. The reported estimated global Bb seroprevalence was 14.5% (95% CI 12.8% to 16.3%), and the top three regions of Bb seroprevalence were Central Europe (20.7%, 95% CI 13.8% to 28.6%), Eastern Asia (15.9%, 95% CI 6.6% to 28.3%) and Western Europe (13.5%, 95% CI 9.5% to 18.0%). Meta-regression analysis showed that after eliminating confounding risk factors, the methods lacked western blotting (WB) confirmation and increased the risk of false-positive Bb antibody detection compared with the methods using WB confirmation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Other factors associated with Bb seropositivity include age ≥50 years (12.6%, 95% CI 8.0% to 18.1%), men (7.8%, 95% CI 4.6% to 11.9%), residence of rural area (8.4%, 95% CI 5.0% to 12.6%) and suffering tick bites (18.8%, 95% CI 10.1% to 29.4%).ConclusionThe reported estimated global Bb seropositivity is relatively high, with the top three regions as Central Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Asia. Using the WB to confirm Bb serological results could significantly improve the accuracy. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy of global Lyme borreliosis burden estimates.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021261362.
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Siikala, Jukka, and Kirsten Hastrup. "Other Histories." Man 29, no. 4 (December 1994): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034014.
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Johnson, Mark, and Suzanne Clisby. "Both 'One' and 'Other': Environmental Cosmopolitanism and the Politics of Hybridity in Costa Rica." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030105.
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Cosmopolitans are frequently characterized as living and perceiving the world and their environment from a distance. Drawing on ethnographic work among a small group of Western migrants in Costa Rica, we complicate this portrayal in a number of ways. First, we demonstrate that these people think in similar kinds of ways as social theorists: they too are worried about living at a distance from place and are seeking what is, in their way of reckoning, a more engaged relationship with their surroundings. Second, however, we explore the social context and corollaries of these migrants' attempts to bring together a putatively "modern/cosmopolitan" way of relating to place and a "traditional/place-based" way of relating to surroundings. Specifically, we demonstrate how migrant claims to transcend the differences between "tradition" and "modernity" create new forms of social exclusion as they, both literally and figuratively, come to claim the place of "the other."
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Luoma, Samuel N. "Teaching Environmental Science Environmental Ecology: The Impacts of Pollution and Other Stresses on Ecosystem Structure and Function Bill Freedman." BioScience 40, no. 8 (September 1990): 612–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311304.
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Curiale, Michael S., Wendy Lepper, and Barbara Robison. "Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Dairy Products, Seafoods, and Meats: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 1472–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.6.1472.
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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate Listeria-TekTM, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in foods. The present ELISA method was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration culture method for detection of L. monocytogenes in dairy products and seafoods and to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service method for detection of L. monocytogenes in meats. Replicate samples of 6 food types (frankfurters, roast beef, Brie cheese, 2% milk, raw shrimp, and crab meat) inoculated with L. monocytogenes and uninoculated control samples were analyzed by the collaborators. L. monocytogenes was identified in 593 samples by the ELISA method and in 574 samples using culture procedures. Identical results were obtained for 506 positive samples and 419 negative samples using the ELISA and culture methods for an overall agreement rate of 85.6%. The enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of L. monocytogenes in dairy, seafood, and meat products has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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McCormack, Jared. "The Other Day." Pleiades: Literature in Context 42, no. 1 (March 2022): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2022.0047.
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HICKS, CHRISTINA C., CLARE FITZSIMMONS, and NICHOLAS V. C. POLUNIN. "Interdisciplinarity in the environmental sciences: barriers and frontiers." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 4 (December 2010): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000822.
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SUMMARYGlobal environmental changes present unprecedented challenges to humans and the ecosystems upon which they depend. The need for interdisciplinary approaches to solve such multidimensional challenges is clear, however less clear is whether current attempts to cross disciplinary boundaries are succeeding. Indeed, efforts to further interdisciplinary approaches remain hampered by failures in assessing their scope and success. Here a set of measures examined the interdisciplinarity of the environmental sciences and tested two literature-based hypotheses: (1) newer and larger disciplines are more interdisciplinary; and (2) interdisciplinary research has lower impact factors than its counterparts. In addition, network analysis was used to map interdisciplinarity and determine the relative extent to which environmental science disciplines draw on alternative disciplinary perspectives. Contrary to expectations, age and size of a discipline had no effect on measures of interdisciplinarity for papers published in 2006, though metrics indicated larger articles and journals were more interdisciplinary. In addition, interdisciplinary research had a greater impact factor than its more strictly disciplinary peers. Network analysis revealed disciplines acting as ‘interdisciplinary frontiers’, bridging critical gaps between otherwise disparate subject areas. Whilst interdisciplinarity is complex, a combination of diversity metrics and network analysis provides valuable preliminary insights for interdisciplinary environmental research policy. The successful promotion of interdisciplinarity is needed to help dispel commonly perceived barriers to interdisciplinarity and create opportunities for such work by increasing the space available for different disciplines to encounter each other. In particular, the networks presented highlight the importance of considering disciplinary functioning within the wider context, to ensure maximum benefit to the scientific community as a whole.
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Ermolaeva, Polina, Yulia Ermolaeva, and Olga Basheva. "Digital Environmental Activism as the New Form of Environmental Participation." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 19, no. 3 (2020): 376–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2020-3-376-408.
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The article provides a comprehensive study and systematization of the main approaches and theories to the study of digital environmental activism based on a related-literature analysis. The authors came to the conclusion that, in the conceptualization of a digital environmental activism, researchers place emphasis either on the features of the digital technologies that drive such activity, or on the basis of the environmental mobilization itself. In this work, combining both approaches with digital environmental activism, the authors understand the voluntary collective activity around common environmental interests and values that are implemented publicly and voluntarily through the use of new informational and communication technologies. The article discusses the main features of digital environmental activism, which include, on the one hand, the enhancement of environmental knowledge, and the change in the paradigm of interaction between actors in which they become not only consumers of information, but also its active producers. On the other hand, digital practices contribute to the alienation of users from the real protest movement by limiting them to virtual means of interaction; additionally, this form of participation is not accessible to all citizens, thereby generating new forms of digital inequality and social distances. The authors examined various types of digital participation which include clicktivism, meta-voting, self-affirmation, e-finance, political consumer protection, digital petitions, botivism, data activity, and hacktivism. The authors critically assess both established and new theoretical approaches to the study of digital eco-activism such as Castells’ theory of network society, deliberative democracy, “citizen science”, socio-psychological theories to explain environmental behavior, and Digital Environmental Humanities. The author’s vision of possible options for data synthesis in the study of environmental online activism for the Russian scientific context is proposed.
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Padgitt, Steve, Peggy Petrzelka, Wendy Wintersteen, and Eric Imerman. "Integrated crop management: The other precision agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 16, no. 1 (March 2001): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088918930000881x.
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Abstract“Precision agriculture” was a favorite buzzword in agricultural discussions in the 1990s. Proponents of precision agriculture note its promises are twofold: economic benefits for the producer and environmental benefits for society. These benefits are to be achieved by improving the efficiency of input use, based on data obtained with global positioning systems (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS) technologies. Although fulfillment of these promises has been mixed to date, it appears that “precision agriculture” will continue in the agriculture vernacular into the 21st century. In this article, we propose another sense of the term, and argue that precision agriculture, or at least long strides in that direction, is possible short of these highly complex methods and capital investments, through integrated crop management (ICM). As practiced by the producer and/or provided by independent crop consultants, ICM is one alternative to providing information-intensive management on the farm, and has proven efficiency of input use. That is, the promise of economic and environmental benefits holds true in a manner that makes it possible for any producer to implement “precision agriculture.” Using data from users and nonusers of independent crop consultants implementing ICM, this study reveals that several economic and environmental benefits are gained from the information and management recommendations provided by consultants. Pest and nutrient management recommendations have led to decreases in pesticide and commercial fertilizer use. For the majority of users, these input reductions have resulted in an increase in profits since hiring a consultant. Users attributed changes in total cost of production to their consultant's effectiveness, and some reported receiving double or greater return for every dollar invested in consultant services. The results confirm the important role that Iowa's independent crop consultants could play in agricultural production and environmental protection through their promotion of ICM activities. However, the scarcity of consultants in Iowa, and possibly elsewhere, presents a challenge within the industry. Addressing this issue may help in contributing to rural development, economic benefit for the producer, and environmental benefit for all of society.
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Finch, Kathryn C., Kassandra R. Snook, Carmen H. Duke, King-Wa Fu, Zion Tsz Ho Tse, Atin Adhikari, and Isaac Chun-Hai Fung. "Public health implications of social media use during natural disasters, environmental disasters, and other environmental concerns." Natural Hazards 83, no. 1 (April 19, 2016): 729–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2327-8.
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Jovanovic, Matija. "Neomarxist approaches to environmental crisis and sustainable development." Sociologija 57, no. 3 (2015): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1503421j.
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This paper discusses two neomarxist theories of ecological crises - theory of metabolic rift and the second contradiction of capitalism theory. The goal of the paper is to present two critical theories and to confront them so similarities, differences, flaws and contributions of those theories can be identified. In the first part of the paper author classifies different approaches to ecological crisis and sustainable development in order to relate two neomarxist theories to other approaches to the topic. In the second part, author discusses theory of metabolic rift, which is a heuristic analysis of Marx?s original work. In other words, this theory represents a new reading of the classic and tries to integrate it?s new findings about envirnmental side of Marx?s thought into a contemporary marxist theory. Third part of the paper is reserved for the second contradiction of capitalism, a neomarxist theory of economic crisis which can be applied as a theory of ecological crisis. Two theories are then confronted after which similarities and differences between them are pointed out. The author concludes the paper by stressing out the flaws and scientific contributions of the two theories.
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Dundelová, Jana. "Issues of environmental (ir)responsibility." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072085.
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In this paper the author reflects the questions of humans’ relationship to the environment and of their ecological behaviour that becomes together with the development of modern technologies increasingly relevant just as the question whether humans are able to affect fundamentally the environment on the Earth by their activities. According to some authors (e.g. Ehrlich, 1968; Gore, 2006; Wilson, 1995; Winter, Koger, 2009; Šmajs, 2005) human survival is directly connected with people’s relationship to the nature; but other influential authors have contradictory opinions or they are at least afraid of overestimation of ecological activities that can lead to neglecting of other important problems (e.g. Simon, 1981; Goklany, 2007; Lomborg, 2007; Klaus, 2007, 2009).These issues are dealt in this article mainly from the perspective of psychological theories and concepts – the Freud’s concept of unconsciousness is discussed as well as groupthink, theory of dissonance, contingency trap, Milgram’s theory of autonomous and agentic state of consciousness, group and intergroup behaviour, social dilemma – tragedy of the commons. Achieving a sustainable way of life depends on the equilibrium between consumption of individuals and regenerative abilities of the natural environment. However, people still behave as if they were separated from the nature. The linking axis of this article is the question of psychic powers causing individual and collective ecological (ir)responsibility and the resulting consequences.
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Hernández, Lizbeth. "Other Journalisms Are Possible." NACLA Report on the Americas 53, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2021.2000762.
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Ruzavin, G. "On the Problem of Rational Choice in Economics and Other Social Sciences." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2003): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-8-102-1116.
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Wide spreading of rational choice paradigm in economics puts forward the analysis of possibilities of its use in other social sciences. As a whole, it is applicable in every sphere where the choice takes place. However economic variables can be measured by value and therefore this discipline can use formal mathematical models. In other social sciences the use of formal models is more difficult. Hence the progress in social sciences may be achieved by constructing new mathematical models.
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Weersink, A., and A. Wossink. "Lessons from agri-environmental policies in other countries for dealing with salinity in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 11 (2005): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04156.
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Approaches to environmental policy for the agricultural sector have involved education programs, direct regulations, and market mechanisms. The effectiveness of these policies has varied depending on the characteristics of the environmental issue and incentives facing producers. This paper reviews, and provides examples of, agri-environmental policy options and points out the scenarios under which the instrument would be most effective. The paper concludes with recommendations on determining the policy solutions to the problem of salinity in Australia.
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Dianat, Iman, Sonia Azemi, Farahnaz Abdollahazade, Ahmad Bazazan, and Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi. "Does self-efficacy mediate the relationship between occupational stress and mental health problems? A study among nursing professionals." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.44.
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Background: While it is acknowledged that self-efficacy plays a significant role in understanding consequences of occupational stress, no research has given much attention to the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and mental health (MH)problems. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) the associations between occupational stress, MH problems, and self-efficacy among nursing professionals, and (2) mediating effect of self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and MH problems. Methods: A multi-hospital cross-sectional survey was adopted in eight hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. 389 nursing staff were recruited through a two-stage sampling procedure. Study variables included occupational stress (Health & Safety Executive [HSE] Management Standards RevisedIndicator Tool [MS–RIT]), mental health (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ–28]), and self efficacy (General Self-Efficacy [GSE–10]). Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM)was applied. Results: Occupational stress (mean±SD=109.2±13.4), poor MH (41.9%), and low selfefficacy (mean±SD=17.7±4.9) were fairly common among the participants. The results showed significant direct effect of occupational stress on MH problems (β=- 0.38, P<0.001). Indirect effect of occupational stress on MH problems through self-efficacy was not significant. Conclusion: The findings highlight the role of other mechanisms or factors than self-efficacy in the association between occupational stress and MH problems that should be established in future work.
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Clay, Brenda J. "Other Times, Other Places: Agency and the Big Man in Central New Ireland." Man 27, no. 4 (December 1992): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804171.
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Flegal, A. Russell, and Kingsley O. Odigie. "Distinguishing between Natural and Industrial Lead in Consumer Products and Other Environmental Matrices." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 46 (February 20, 2020): 12810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07848.
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Crane, Melissa M., Robert W. Jeffery, and Nancy E. Sherwood. "Exploring Gender Differences in a Randomized Trial of Weight Loss Maintenance." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316681221.
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The purpose of this study is to explore gender differences in reasons for losing weight, weight loss methods, and weight loss behaviors prior to and during a weight loss maintenance trial. This is a secondary analysis of data from a 24-month randomized controlled trial comparing Self-Directed or Guided phone-based weight loss maintenance interventions among adults who had intentionally lost ≥10% of their body weight in the year prior to enrollment. Participants reported their weight loss methods and reasons for recently losing weight at baseline. Dietary intake, physical activity, and dietary patterns were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Participants included 419 adults (18.4% men, age 47.0 ± 10.8, BMI 28.4 ± 5.0). Women were more likely than men to report having used an organized weight loss program during their weight loss (55.9% vs. 24.7%, p < .001) and to report improving personal esteem as a motivator (51.2% vs. 35.1%, p = .01). Men were more likely than women to report eating food from convenience stores at baseline (22.1% vs. 13.2%, p = .05) and throughout the study but otherwise reported similar meal patterns ( ps > .05). Men reported higher energy intake than women while physical activity was similar. Although more men self-directed their initial weight loss and more women utilized organized weight loss programs, behaviors reported during weight loss maintenance were similar. Futures studies are needed to understand if these results generalize to other men who have successfully lost weight and are participants in other weight loss maintenance interventions.
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Vandresen, Debora, Maria Helena B. Werlang, Mirian Carla B. Silva, Juliana S. Link, and Paulo Cezar N. Fortes. "Community Origin and Previous Use of Antimicrobials Increase the Risk of Nosocomial Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Colonisation in the Intensive Care Unit in a Brazilian Hospital." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010449.
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Background: Hospitalised patients are often surrounded by microorganisms, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major and growing threat to public health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and the risk factors for colonisation by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in a Brazilian hospital. Methods: Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who underwent nasal and rectal swab cultures for the surveillance of colonisation by MDROs were evaluated in a retrospective study. MDROs were determined by routine microbiological cultures. Results: Of the 785 patients included in this study, 86 presented positive results for MDRO colonisation. Overall, the most frequently isolated organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (41.9%), followed by Escherichia coli (33.7%). The main type of resistance was the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The prevalence of MDRO infections was significantly associated with the patient's origin (community or hospital-acquired). Having been submitted to previous antimicrobial drug therapy was significantly associated with MDRO infection (relative risk [RR]: 4.02 [2.60 - 6.23]). Conclusion: MDRO ICU colonisation was variable, with similar frequencies as other centres, and important factors, including previous hospital stay and antibiotic use, were closely related to MDRO colonisation. Therefore, control interventions should reduce their rates, especially considering the particularities of each geographic centre.
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Tsopelas, Fotis, Chrysanthos Stergiopoulos, and Anna Tsantili-Kakoulidou. "Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: from medicinal chemistry to environmental sciences." ADMET and DMPK 6, no. 3 (September 22, 2018): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/admet.553.
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Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) chromatography constitutes a valuable tool for medicinal chemists to prioritize drug candidates in early drug development. The retention on IAM stationary phases encodes lipophilicity, electrostatic and other secondary interactions contrary to traditional octanol-water partitioning. An increasing number of publications in recent years have suggested that IAM indices, including isocratic log k(IAM) or extrapolated log kw(IAM) retention factors, chromatographic hydrophobicity index CHI(IAM) or the polarity parameter Δlog kw(IAM) can successfully model the passage of xeniobiotics through biological membranes and barriers and predict pharmacokinetic properties, often in combination with additional descriptors. Examples referring to the modeling of human oral absorption, blood-brain penetration and skin partition are described. More recently, IAM chromatography has been applied to estimate toxicological endpoints in regard to drug safety, such as phospholipidosis potential, or in regard to chemical risk hazards including the bioconcentration factor and aquatic organisms’ toxicity. The promising results in both medicinal chemistry and in environmental science in combination with the speed, reproducibility and low analyte consumption suggest that a broader application of IAM chromatography in the early drug discovery process and in ecotoxicity may save time and money in initial drug candidate selection and will contribute to a reduced risk hazard of chemicals.
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Carolan, Michael S. "“This Is Not a Biodiversity Hotspot”: The Power of Maps and Other Images in the Environmental Sciences." Society & Natural Resources 22, no. 3 (February 10, 2009): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920801961040.
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Frischknecht, Peter M., and Dieter M. Imboden. "Environmental sciences education at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich and at other Swiss universities." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2, no. 1 (July 1995): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987514.
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Usmanov, B. F. "SOME HURRY, THE OTHER HASTEN." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-1-23.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT OF THE BOOK. What should be done for the transport in XXI century, in order that it meets more and more innovative expectations of consumers? Do you believe that in the near future there will be commuter trains- planes, intercontinental overland routes, and the speed of our travels over the ground steps over 1000 km per hour? On the pages of this not fiction book together with the authors we can try to answer the most daring questions, to broaden own attitudes, to get acquainted with breakthrough transport projects and everyday working hypotheses based on actual engineering and economic calculations. ABSTRACT OF THE REVIEW. The reviewer argues that the form of the presentation chosen by the authors allows to save a flexible boundary between dream-fantasy and a real prospect of development of terrestrial transport, that the book chapters are indeed solid sections, where in the first case five hypotheses (chapters) are put, the second subtitle «Philosopher’s vision for the future» indicates sixteen directions and profiles of the industry development in the global and national context, and in the third, «The future starts today» the innovative trends and future projects are assessed. In the third chapter (the final chapter), according to the authors, «only a few projects from the world of innovative collection are offered» (p. 178). But they, it should be immediately noted, will certainly be of interest to the reader, since they combine the past and the future of rail transport. The reviewer summing up his impressions, notes integrative and comprehensive features of the book. Written by two doctors of science, it drew the attention not only by uncommon construction of content and form, but also by a deep knowledge of the material. Keywords: transport, railway, philosophy, economics, information, management, forecasting, innovation, future. REFERENCES Sorokin, P. A. Public sociology textbook. Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl credit union of cooperatives publ., 1920, p. 19.
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Albergotti, Dan. "Of Truth and Other Fabrications." Ecotone 17, no. 1 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2021.0026.
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Williams, Brian, and Jayson Maurice Porter. "Cotton, Whiteness, and Other Poisons." Environmental Humanities 14, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9962827.
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Abstract This article examines how racial capitalism has shaped the ecological and technological dynamics of cotton production in the United States South. Cotton’s destructive dependence on chemicals and on the extraction of lives and resources was animated and enabled by anti-Blackness, which sanctioned a systematic hostility to life that encoded environmental violence in plantation landscapes from the seed to the root. Agrotechnological notions of scientific progress and development conceived places, plants, and Black people as interchangeable parts. Tracing these trajectories during slavery and after abolition, the article focuses on two dynamics: the use of chemicals to augment soil fertility and manage cotton’s ecologies, and the deployment of chemicals to protect cotton monocultures. In both instances, the manipulations of cotton’s ecologies and biophysical properties helped maintain plantation profitability and dominance in the face of conjoined crises of political-ecological and racial control. Racialized conceptions of chemical-scientific “innovation,” relations of indebtedness, and notions of threat also siphoned capital gains from Black workers and communities. By converting waste products into fertilizers and poisons, planters and industrialists continued to render Black communities, their labor, and their land as fungible but necessary components in the industrialization of racial capitalism.
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Ayanda, I. O., J. O. Popoola, and S. Inyang. "Heavy metal and genetic diversity studies in three populations of Snail (Achatina achatina Linnaeus, 1758) from Southwest, Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Biology 84 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248946.
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Abstract Environmental pollutants may often alter the genetic components of natural populations. In this study, heavy metals and genetic diversity in land snail (Achatina achatina) from three populations of south-western Nigeria were investigated, using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and DNA Sequencing technology respectively. Metal analysis revealed that the snails accumulated lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in high concentrations in two of the three states, while cadmium (Cd) was the least detected. Editing and alignment of the sequences of all snail accessions generated a range of 384bp to 419 bp. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) in all 18 accessions was low at only 16%. The query coverage (QC) ranged between 96% and 100%, with 14 (77.8%) of the 18 accessions showing 100% identity. Pairwise comparison of the accessions studied also showed a high genetic similarity. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) generated two main clusters. Cluster I was unique and contain one sample (AaOy06) while the other cluster are very closely related and can be further sub-divided into sub-clusters. The similarity index of between the clusters is 0.5357. The close similarity among the accessions may be due to the geographical proximity of the three states. The uniqueness of accession AaOy06 in comparison to other accessions might be due to the negative influence of heavy metal, particularly lead. The determination of evolutionary relationships among snail populations may be useful towards the breeding efforts of the species in Nigeria.