Journal articles: '4206 Public health'

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Isernhagen, Susan J. "Women: (Not) The Weaker Sex at Work?" Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4206.

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Wyatt, H. V., and S. Mahadevan. "Unnecessary injections in developing countries: the risk and costs." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4206.

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Kluth, Karsten, Horst G. Kellermann, and Helmut Strasser. "Assessment of the ergonomic quality of file handles using electromyographic and subjective methods." Occupational Ergonomics 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2004-4206.

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In a comparative investigation 3 file handles were evaluated with regard to their ergonomic quality. By means of a mobile measuring system for the recording of peripheral-physiological data, the muscle strain of 9 muscles of the left and right hand-arm-shoulder system was quantified with surface electromyography. A special laboratory device facilitated the standardized execution of the tests. A specific bipolar questionnaire had enabled the subjective assessment of the design, surface material, general usability, avoidance of pressure marks and blisters, suitability for the exertion of the necessary pressure and pushing forces, and the suitability during hand perspiration. Also, the assessment of more or less favorable body positions to various filing directions was made. From substantial differences in the objective data and the subjective evaluation, the inference has to be drawn that only the combination of subjective surveys and objective measurements represent the opportunity to assess the ergonomic quality of working tools adequately.

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Jonas, S., H. Khalifeh, P. E. Bebbington, S. McManus, T. Brugha, H. Meltzer, and L. M. Howard. "Gender differences in intimate partner violence and psychiatric disorders in England: results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 23, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796013000292.

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Aims.To assess the extent to which being a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with psychiatric disorders in men and women.Methods.A stratified multistage random sample was used in the third English psychiatric morbidity survey. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the Clinical Interview Schedule (Revised) and screening questionnaires. IPV was measured using British Crime Survey questions.Results.18.7% (95% CI 17.1–20.4; n = 595 of 3197) of men had experienced some form of IPV compared with 27.8% of women (95% CI 26.2–29.4; n = 1227 of 4206; p < 0.001). IPV was associated with all disorders measured (except eating disorders in men). Physical IPV was significantly linked to psychosis and with substance and alcohol disorders in men and women, but significant associations with common mental disorders (CMDs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders were restricted to women. Emotional IPV was associated with CMDs in men and women.Conclusions.The high prevalence of experiences of partner violence, and strength of the association with every disorder assessed, suggests enquiry about partner violence is important in identifying a potential risk and maintenance factor for psychiatric disorders, and to ascertain safety, particularly in women as they are at greatest risk of being victims of violence.

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Yilmaz, Fatma Ozlem, Esra Meltem Koc, Meryem Askin, Rabia Kahveci, and Musa Ozata. "The Attitudes About Law Number 4207 Among Health Administration Students." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 9, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2020090204.

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Aim: ‘National Tobacco Control Program’ had developed in Turkey by the Ministry of Health in 2009 with amendment of Law 4207 and all closed places became smoke-free. The National Media Campaign has been initiated with the “Smoke Free Air-Zone” slogan for raising public awareness. The aim of our study is to determine the smoking status and attitude of Health Management students about Law 4207 in a university in Turkey, four years after the application of Smoke Free Air-Zone. Methods: In this study we used a questionnaire with 33 questions, which was developed by researchers and Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependent Test to obtain the addiction level of the smokers. Results: Sixty-two percent of 244 students were female. 3.3% were ex-smokers and 10.7% were active smokers. 5.2% of females and 19.3% of males were smoking. 87.5% of smokers think smoking habbit is harmful. 41.4% of the students thought that Law 4207 was generally accepted by the society. Conclusion: Reducing the smoking prevalence and increasing the awareness about the Law 4207 among health administrators is very important for the imlementation of health policy. So our research has an importance to highlight this subject and increase the awareness of the campaign. Keywords: administrators, Law 4207, smoking cessation, tobacco use cessation

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Rassa, MNaim. "AFGHANISTAN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES STAFFS’ JOB SATISFACTION AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB SATISFACTION." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 975–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/4207.

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Madill, Helen M., T. Craig Montgomerie, E. Sharon Brintnell, and Leonard L. Stewin. "From Private- to Public-Sector Employment." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4205.

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Buriachenko, Andrii, Kostyantyn Zakhozhay, Anastasiia Liezina, and Volodymyr Lysak. "Sustainability and security of public budget of the Visegrad Group countries." Acta Innovations, no. 42 (March 14, 2022): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.42.6.

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The article examines the theoretical principles of studying sustainability and security of public budget of the Visegrad Group countries and determines that indicators of the normal functioning of the economy and ensuring a decent social standard of living of the population are reaching the limits of relevant indicators, some of which are approved by international standards. At the same time, the authors identified the absence of a single system of macrofinancial indicators of sustainability and security of public budget proposing to create it, including twelve ratios reflecting levels of debt security, deficit load on the economy, debt load on the population, budgetary independence, efficiency, population well-being, productivity, economic efficiency, as well as the effectiveness of financial support for health and education, elasticity of income and expenditure from the change in GDP of the Visegrad countries. Analytical calculations of the above-mentioned macro indicators in the dynamics made it possible to draw qualitative conclusions on compliance with the sustainability and security of public budget of the Visegrad Group countries, identify possible threats to national economies and prevent the consequences in case of non-compliance with standards. Based on the results of correlation-regression analysis, the authors determined the indicators that have the greatest impact on the resultant factor-the ratio of the level of deficit load on the economy of the investigated countries. It made it possible to analyze the real situation in the economy, to determine the level of sustainability and security of public budget and to give the necessary suggestions and recommendations.

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Kapil, Umesh, and Aakriti Gupta. "Can We Eliminate Anaemia from India?" Indian Journal of Community Health 30, no. 1 (Supp) (April 25, 2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2018.v30i01supp.002.

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Anaemia, as defined by low haemoglobin concentration, is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs. It is a major public health problem that affects low, middle and high-income countries. The global prevalence of anaemia is 42.6% in children, 38% in pregnant women and 29.4% in all women of reproductive age. The prevalence of severe anaemia amongst women and children is in the range of 0.9% to 1.5% and is associated with substantially worse health outcomes (1).

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Lake, Susanna J., Daniel Engelman, Oliver Sokana, Titus Nasi, Dickson Boara, Anneke C. Grobler, Millicent H. Osti, et al. "Defining the need for public health control of scabies in Solomon Islands." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): e0009142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009142.

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Pacific Island countries have a high burden of scabies and impetigo. Understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases is needed to target public health interventions such as mass drug administration (MDA). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of scabies and impetigo in Solomon Islands as well as the relationship between them and their distribution. We conducted a prevalence study in 20 villages in Western Province in Solomon Islands. All residents of the village were eligible to participate. Nurses conducted clinical assessments including history features and skin examination. Diagnosis of scabies was made using the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies diagnostic criteria. Assessments were completed on 5239 participants across 20 villages. Overall scabies prevalence was 15.0% (95%CI 11.8–19.1). There was considerable variation by village with a range of 3.3% to 42.6%. There was a higher prevalence of scabies in males (16.7%) than females (13.5%, adjusted relative risk 1.2, 95%CI 1.1–1.4). Children aged under two years had the highest prevalence (27%). Overall impetigo prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI 4.2–7.3), ranging from 1.4% to 19% by village. The population attributable risk of impetigo associated with scabies was 16.1% (95% CI 9.8–22.4). The prevalence of scabies in our study is comparable to previous studies in Solomon Islands, highlighting a persistent high burden of disease in the country, and the need for public health strategies for disease control.

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Ocaña-Riola, Ricardo, Carmen Pérez-Romero, Mª Isabel Ortega-Díaz, and José Jesús Martín-Martín. "Multilevel Zero-One Inflated Beta Regression Model for the Analysis of the Relationship between Exogenous Health Variables and Technical Efficiency in the Spanish National Health System Hospitals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 10166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910166.

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Background: This article proposes a methodological innovation in health economics for the second stage analysis of technical efficiency in hospitals. It investigates the relationship between the installed capacity in regions and hospitals and their ownership structure. Methods: A multilevel zero-one inflated beta regression model is employed to model pure technical efficiency more adequately than other models frequently used in econometrics. Results: Compared to publicly managed hospitals, the mean efficiency index of hospitals with public-private partnership (PPP) formulas was 4.27-fold. This figure was 1.90-fold for private hospitals. Concerning the efficiency frontier, the odds ratio (OR) of PPP models vs. public hospitals was 42.06. The OR of private hospitals vs. public hospitals was 8.17. A one standard deviation increase in the percentage of beds in intensive care units increases the odds of being situated on the efficiency frontier by 50%. Conclusions: The proportion of hospital beds in intensive care units relates to a higher chance of being on the efficiency frontier. Hospital ownership structure is related to the mean efficiency index of Spanish National Health Service hospitals, as well as the odds of being situated on the efficiency frontier.

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Lagos, G. "The impact of public policy on environmental quality and health: the case of land management and planning." Resources Policy 27, no. 4 (December 2001): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(02)00003-x.

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Raciborski, Filip, Mateusz Jankowski, Mariusz Gujski, Jarosław Pinkas, Piotr Samel-Kowalik, Artur Zaczyński, Igor Pańkowski, Kamil Rakocy, and Waldemar Wierzba. "Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Police Officers in Poland—Implications for Public Health Policies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 9072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239072.

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Background: This study aimed to characterize sources of knowledge on the means of prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as to assess the methods of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among police employees in Poland and their potential impact on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The study consisted of two phases: questionnaire and laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The questionnaire included 30 questions related to risk factors, knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, and methods of infection prevention. Results: Data were obtained from 5082 police employees. The most common source of knowledge for a daily update on SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention was the Internet (42.6%), television (40.3%), and radio (39.7%). The most commonly used methods of SARS-CoV-2 infection included washing one’s hands for at least 20 s (95.8%), wearing facemasks (82.9%), and physical distancing (74.9%). Results of IgG tests were lower in police units where the overall compliance with the preventive measures was higher (p < 0.01). Women were more likely to exercise SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention behaviors compared to men. Compliance with the recommended protective measures increased with age. Conclusions: Lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity rates were observed in police units with better overall compliance with the preventive measures, suggesting the key importance of group rather than individual behaviors.

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Jonasson, J., Y. Linné, M. Neovius, and S. Rössner. "An Internet-based weight loss programme — a feasibility study with preliminary results from 4209 completers." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 37, no. 1 (November 17, 2008): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494807085066.

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Soeda, S. "An individualized mental health education programme for Japanese managers." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa025.

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Abstract Background Mental health education for managers has typically been conducted using a group format. Few studies have examined the provision of individualized education. Aims This study discussed the evaluations and characteristic needs of participants in an individualized mental health education programme while examining avenues for providing such education. Methods Eighty-nine individualized education sessions were conducted for managers (87 males, 2 females) with a mean age of 42.6 years (SD = 5.1) at an assembly factory in Japan. Data from anonymous self-administered questionnaires completed before and after the education programme were analysed. Results Overall, 95% of the managers (81/85) approved the individualized education format. The characteristic needs of participants with high motivation (45%, 38/85) were mental health consultations for managers (37%, 14/38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–14.7, P < 0.01) and subordinate-related concerns (18%, 7/38, 95% CI 1.11–22.8, P < 0.05). Conclusions Individualized education may be a suitable method for conducting mental health consultations. It is recommended that the introduction of individualized education formats be implemented through voluntary consultations following group education. Individualized education may contribute to early intervention for work-related mental disorders.

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Dongxian Zhang, Yongyi Bi, Jay E. Maddock, and Shiyue Li. "Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge Among Female College Students in Wuhan, China." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2009): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539509350614.

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The purpose of this study was to explore demographic correlates of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among Chinese female college students. A total of 4769 participants were surveyed about sexual and reproductive health knowledge and related sociodemographic factors, using random cluster sampling between 2005 and 2006, in 16 colleges and universities in Wuhan, China. To evaluate knowledge, the scores of 60 questions on reproduction, contraception, and sexually transmitted infections were combined for a possible score of 100. The average score on the knowledge scale was 42.6 ± 13.0 (1.1 to 79.7). Knowledge scores were statistically significant ( P < 0.01) between different sociodemographic factors using χ2 test. Multilinear stepwise regression showed that 11 of 16 factors, including age, grade, major, menarche age, family residence, being the only child, and mother’s occupation were significantly related to knowledge. Female college students lack knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, and their knowledge was influenced by numerous sociodemographic factors.

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Olszewski, Kimberly A., Debra M. Wolf, and John Wenskovitch. "Exploring Occupational Health Professionals Understanding and Needs in Regard to Total Worker Health (TWH)." Workplace Health & Safety 69, no. 7 (May 26, 2021): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079921993110.

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Background: Occupational health professionals (OHPs) are in a unique position to impact the health and well-being of employees at work and outside of work. One way of achieving this holistic health goal is to integrate the concept of Total Worker Health® (TWH) into the organization’s culture. It is critical for OHPs to develop the ability to incorporate TWH into their practices, yet there are gaps in our understanding of OHP’s attitudes toward change and toward TWH, their level of TWH knowledge, and the number of OHPs who have adopted TWH. Methods: An electronic survey was administered to a national sample of 4,777. This cross-sectional study used Qualtrics to record survey responses measuring knowledge of TWH, attitude toward change, resistance to change, transformational leadership ability, perception of organizational readiness, and leadership commitment. Findings: The total sample size was 253 (5.3%). Most respondents were bachelors prepared nurses (75.1%) with greater than 10 years’ experience (71.5%) and employed in manufacturing (42.6%). Approximately 74% ( n = 125) of respondents knew about TWH, but did not have a program in place or were unsure of the existence of one. A high percentage (74.0%) were open to implementing TWH, had favorable attitudes toward change ( M = 3.9 on a 5-point Likert-type scale), but needed education on how to move forward (56.0%). Conclusions/Application to Practice: Findings suggest that most OHPs know about TWH, but generally have not adopted the TWH concept at their worksites. However, they are open to implementing TWH programs and have favorable attitudes toward change.

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Scanlon, P. H. "Article Commentary: The English national screening programme for sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy." Journal of Medical Screening 15, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2008.008015.

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Objectives The main objective of the national screening programme is to reduce the risk of sight loss among people with diabetes due to diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Offering two-field mydriatic digital photographic screening to all people with diabetes in England over the age of 12 years. Stage of development The programme is in its infancy, receiving the first year's annual reports from approximately 96 screening programmes, each of which have developed to offer screening to a minimum number of 12,000 people with diabetes, which would cover a population of 350,000 people with 3.4% diabetes prevalence. The national programme has commenced the External quality assurance (QA) programme in order to achieve and sustain the highest possible standards. Potential benefits England has a population of two million people with diabetes over the age of 12 and it is believed that there is a prevalence of blindness of 4200 and an annual incidence of blindness of 1280 people with diabetes. This programme has the potential to reduce the prevalence of blindness in England from 4200 people to 1000 people and a conservative estimate of reducing the annual incidence of DR blindness by one-third would save 427 people per annum from blindness. These figures are based on the UK certification of blindness but if World Health Organization (WHO) definitions are used the prevalence, incidence and potential reductions in blindness are much greater.

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Ejo, Mebrat, Legesse Garedew, Zabishwork Alebachew, and Walelgn Worku. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaIsolated from Animal-Origin Food Items in Gondar, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4290506.

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Salmonellahas been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2014 and December 2015 on food items of animal origin to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofSalmonellaisolates using standard bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence rate of 5.5% was recorded from the total analyzed food items of animal origin.Salmonellaisolates were detected from 12% of raw meat, 8% of minced meat, 2.9% of burger samples, 18% of raw eggs, and 6% of raw milk. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility test identified 47.6% resistantSalmonellaisolates, 28.6% intermediately sensitive isolates, and 23.8% susceptible isolates. AmongSalmonellaisolates tested, 42.6%, 28.6%, and 14.3% were found to be relatively resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ampicillin, respectively, while 9.5%–19% were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, our findings provide the prevalence and drug resistance ofSalmonellafrom foods of animal origin and contribute information to scientists as well as public health researchers to minimize the prevalent and resistant foodborneSalmonellaspecies in Ethiopia.

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Li, Jiwei, Jing Wu, Qiuyue Long, Yan’an Wu, Xiaoyi Hu, Yukun He, Mingzheng Jiang, et al. "Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population." Research 2022 (June 17, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9873831.

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The SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and have made great challenges to current vaccine and pandemic control strategies. It is urgent to understand the current immune status of various Chinese populations given that the preexisting immunity has been established by national vaccination or exposure to past variants. Using sera from 85 individuals (including 21 convalescents of natural infection, 15 cases which suffered a breakthrough infection after being fully vaccinated, and 49 healthy vaccinees), we showed significantly enhanced neutralizing activities against SRAS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent sera, especially those who had been fully vaccinated. The neutralizing antibodies against Omicron were detectable in 75% of convalescents and 44.9% of healthy vaccinees (p=0.006), with a GMT of 289.5, 180.9-463.3, and 42.6, 31.3-59, respectively. However, the neutralizing activities were weaker in young convalescents (aged<18 y), with a detectable rate of 50% and a GMT of 46.4 against Omicron. We also examined and found no pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing activities in vaccinated SARS-CoV-1 survivors. A booster dose could further increase the breadth and magnitude of neutralization against WT and variants of concern (VOCs) to different degrees. In addition, we showed that COVID-19-inactivated vaccines can elicit Omicron-specific T-cell responses. The positive rates of ELISpot reactions were 26.7% (4/15) and 43.8% (7/16) in the full vaccination group and the booster vaccination group, respectively, although without statistically significant difference. The neutralizing antibody titers declined while T-cell responses remain consistent over 6 months. These findings will inform the optimization of public health vaccination and intervention strategies to protect diverse populations against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Advances. Breakthrough infection significantly boosted neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants as compared to booster immunization with inactivated vaccine. Vaccine-induced virus-specific T-cell immunity, on the other hand, may compensate for the shortfall. Furthermore, the public health system should target the most vulnerable group due to a poorer protective serological response in both infected and vaccinated adolescents.

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Nunes, Baltazar, Marta Barreto, Ana P. Gil, Irina Kislaya, Sónia Namorado, Liliana Antunes, Vânia Gaio, et al. "The first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (2015): design, planning and implementation." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (September 2019): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy150.

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Abstract Background In Health Examination Surveys interview information is complemented with objective information, providing more accurate indicators than self-reported data. We report the study design, planning and implementation of the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF). Methods INSEF was a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old, residing in Portugal were selected from the national health users’ registry through multi-stage stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample size was set at 4200 individuals. Data was collected in primary care units and included blood pressure, height, weight, hip and waist measurements, blood collection for lipid profile, HbA1c and blood count and a general health questionnaire. European HES procedures were followed. Results A total of 4911 individuals agreed to participate (43.9% participation rate). Participation rate varied by region, sex and age group, being lower in Lisbon and Tagus Valley (32.8%), for men (41.8%) and for those aged 25–34 years old (36%). Conclusions INSEF has set up an experienced national and regional structure for HES implementation. Nationally representative quality epidemiological data is now available for public health monitoring, planning and research.

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Berutu, Heriaty. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SITINJO KABUPATEN DAIRI TAHUN 2020." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Imelda 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52943/jikeperawatan.v7i1.512.

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Exclusive breastfeeding is an action or activity that babies give breastfeed without additional liquid such as formula milk, oranges, honey, mineral water and without additional food such as banana, papaya, milk, biscuit, and porridge, except vitamin, mineral and medication.Exclusive breastfeeding is good for babies brain growth, most nutrition sources, relieve digestive, immune boosting infant, reduce the risk of obesity and nourish baby's lungs as well. On the other hand, Exclusive breastfeeding also benefits for mothers by economically profitable, durable, confidence to lactating, practical, convenient, delaying pregnancy, relieve overweight, diminution uterus, diminution of breast cancer, uterine cancer, reduce stress and reduce the risk osteoporosis. The factors which related to exclusive breastfeeding has not figured out. The research is descriptive analytical by cross sectional study approach. It analyzes the breastfeeding in region of Public Health Centre Sitinjo of Dairi.The population of research is 118 mothers who have babies 0-6 months in region of Public Health Centre Sitinjoof Dairi. The analysis data is univariate analysis, bivariate analysis Chi-square, and multivariate analysis logistic regression.The results showed age (p = 0,896), level of education (p = 0.582), work (p = 0,545), and income (p = 0,224) are not relevance with exclusive breastfeeding. Knowledge (p = 0.002; Or = 0,285), attitude (p = 0.001; Or = 0,211), place of birth (p = 0.000; Or = 0,280), and support the husband (p = 0.000; Or = 0,334) are relevance with exclusive breastfeeding. Knowledge, attitude, support the husband and place of birth are able to explain exclusive breastfeeding of 42.6% simultaneously. It is suggested to Public health Centre to do outreach the husband to improve knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and its benefits. It is suggested to health service facilities to support program exclusive breastfeeding.

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Jacobs, Karen. "From the Editor." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4201.

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MacRae, Nancy. "Women and Work." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4202.

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Sharp, Marilyn A. "Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance of Women in the U.S. Army." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4203.

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Atwood Sanders, Martha. "Women's Socialization into Nontraditional Heavy Work." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4204.

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Roberts, Michael. "Glass Ceilings and Lead Boots." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4207.

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Fitinghoff, Hélène, Ingrid Söderback, and R. Nordemar. "An Activity Analysis of Hand Grips Used in Housework by Female Rheumatoid Arthritics." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4208.

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Brintnell, E. Sharon, Helen M. Madill, T. Craig Montgomerie, and Leonard L. Stewin. "Disruption of Life Roles Following Injury." Work 4, no. 2 (1994): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-1994-4209.

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Kaware, Musa Sani, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, and Abduljaleel Umar Abdullahi. "Patient Safety Culture and Its Associated Factors: A Situational Analysis among Nurses in Katsina Public Hospitals, Northwest Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 3305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063305.

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Background: Patient safety involves identifying, assessing, and managing patient-related risks and occurrences to improve patient care and reduce patient harm. In Nigeria, there is a lack of studies on patient safety culture, especially in the northern part of the country. This study aimed to determine the levels and factors that contribute to nurses’ negative perceptions of patient safety culture in public health facilities. Methodology: A total of 460 nurses were surveyed across 21 secondary health facilities using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, and the response rate was 93.5%. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that 59.8% of the respondents were female, and 42.6% were within the age range of 30–39 years old. Most of them (48.3%) had spent 1–5 years working in the hospital. Three out of 12 composite measures had higher negative responses (staffing—30.5%, non-punitive response to error—42.8%, and frequency of events reported—43.1%). A multiple logistic regression analysis affirmed that all three variables, in addition to organizational learning, were significant associated with overall negative perceptions of patient safety culture, with 3.15, 1.84, 2.26, and 2.39 odds ratios, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that four critical areas of patient safety required improvement; therefore, intervention is recommended to minimize unnecessary patient harm and medical expenses.

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Cheung, Matthew C., Nicole Mittmann, Carolyn Owen, Nizar Abdel-Samad, Graeme Fraser, Selay Lam, Michael Crump, et al. "A Prospective Economic Analysis of Canadian Cancer Trials Group Clc.2/Alliance A041202: A Randomized Phase III Comparison of Bendamustine-Rituximab Versus Ibrutinib-Based Regimens in Untreated Older Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136692.

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CCTG CLC.2/Alliance A041202 demonstrated superior progression-free survival at 2 years with ibrutinib alone (87%; HR 0.39) or ibrutinib-rituximab (IR 88%; HR 0.38) compared to chemo-immunotherapy with bendamustine-rituximab (BR 74%) in treatment-naïve patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who were 65 or older (Woyach NEJM 2018). We hypothesized that ibrutinib-based therapies would be more costly than BR but that costs would be offset by less toxicity and improved quality of life (QOL). We completed a prospective trial-based economic analysis to study the direct medical costs and quality-adjusted benefit associated with ibrutinib-based therapies compared to BR in the Canadian (CDN) subset of patients enrolled in CLC.2/Alliance 041202. All CDN pts were invited to participate in the companion analysis. Health utilities were collected using the EuroQOL EQ-5D and calculated using CDN population valuations (Bansback PLOS One 2012). Resource utilization forms were administered to collect off-protocol health care encounters. The planned analysis was a cost-utility analysis from the perspective of a public healthcare system, examining the costs and outcomes (quality-adjusted life years or QALYs) of ibrutinib-based therapy compared to BR. Unit costs were applied to resource data based on publicly available provincial/national databases; all costs were expressed in 2019 US dollars (1 CDN = 0.75 US dollar). Total and disaggregated direct medical costs are presented descriptively. Mean survival was calculated using the restricted mean survival method from randomization to the study time-horizon of 24 months; derived utilities were used to calculate QALYs. A discount rate for costs and benefits (r=0.05) was applied. The analysis was based on estimation (with bootstrapping) of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and/or direct medical costs. A total of 55 pts were enrolled; two pts who did not receive any treatment were censored at day 1 and 3 after randomization and excluded from analysis. Of the 53 analysed, pt demographics were well balanced between treatments and were reflective of the entire population: mean age was 71.6 (SD 6.34) in pts receiving ibrutinib alone (n=17), 72.2 (SD 3.85) in pts receiving IR (n=18), and 71.7 (SD 4.1) in pts receiving BR (n=18). A total of 3 pts, one in each arm, had 17p deletion. Progression-free survival at 2 years for CDN pts was 94% (95% CI 65-99%) for ibrutinib, 100% (95% CI 100-100%) for IR, and 72% (95% CI 45-87%) for BR (Figure 1). At 24 months, 1 pt on the BR arm had crossed over to ibrutinib (as per protocol); there was no overall survival difference between the three arms. On-protocol costs (including protocol treatment, ambulatory care, and imaging) and off-protocol costs (including hospitalizations, concomitant medications, and ambulatory care) are highlighted in Figure 2. On-protocol costs were higher for pts receiving ibrutinib (mean $142,001 USD; SD 48,417) and IR ($164,931; SD 46,208) compared to BR ($38,509; SD 10,351), driven by higher drug acquisition costs associated with ibrutinib (list price $6422 for 420mg/30 days). In contrast, off-protocol costs were modestly higher for pts on BR (mean $3050; SD 3812) compared to the ibrutinib ($2460; SD 3863) or IR ($2890; SD 4206); hospitalizations were the key off-protocol cost drivers and were highest for pts on IR and BR. Overall mean costs over the 2-year time horizon were $144,461 (SD 47,910) for pts on ibrutinib, $167,820 (SD 46,830) for pts on IR, and $41,560 (SD 11,849) for pts on BR. Discounted QALYs were similar between the three treatment arms: 1.66 (0.16) for ibrutinib alone, 1.65 (0.24) for IR, and 1.66 (0.17) for BR. Given the similar quality-adjusted survival between arms at the time of this analysis, a formal ICER was not calculated. Direct medical costs are substantially higher for pts receiving continuous ibrutinib-based therapies, compared to chemo-immunotherapy of fixed duration, in frontline CLL management; the key cost driver is the cost of ibrutinib. The PFS benefit with ibrutinib-based therapy has not translated into an advantage in quality-adjusted survival to date; further follow-up may be required to demonstrate any cost or QOL benefits associated with fewer progression events for those on ibrutinib. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882; U10CA180863 and #704970 CCTG. https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01886872 Figure Disclosures Owen: AbbVie, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Astrazeneca, Merck, Servier, Novartis, Teva: Honoraria. Lam:Roche: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Crump:Servier: Consultancy; Kite/Gilead: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy. Sperlich:Lundbeck Canada: Honoraria. Woyach:Pharmacyclics, Janssen, Morphosys, Karyopharm, Verastem, Abbvie, Lox: Research Funding; Janssen, Pharmacyclics, AstraZeneca, Abbvie, Arqule: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company, AbbVie, Janssen, AstraZeneca, ArQule: Honoraria. Prica:astra zeneca: Honoraria; seattle genetics: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria. Hay:Roche: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding.

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Schagatay, Erika, Alexander Lunde, Simon Nilsson, Oscar Palm, and Angelica Lodin-Sundström. "Spleen contraction elevates hemoglobin concentration at high altitude during rest and exercise." European Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 12 (September 10, 2020): 2693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04471-w.

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Abstract Purpose Hypoxia and exercise are known to separately trigger spleen contraction, leading to release of stored erythrocytes. We studied spleen volume and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) during rest and exercise at three altitudes. Methods Eleven healthy lowlanders did a 5-min modified Harvard step test at 1370, 3700 and 4200 m altitude. Spleen volume was measured via ultrasonic imaging and capillary Hb with Hemocue during rest and after the step test, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), heart rate (HR), expiratory CO2 (ETCO2) and respiratory rate (RR) across the test. Results Resting spleen volume was reduced with increasing altitude and further reduced with exercise at all altitudes. Mean (SE) baseline spleen volume at 1370 m was 252 (20) mL and after exercise, it was 199 (15) mL (P < 0.01). At 3700 m, baseline spleen volume was 231 (22) mL and after exercise 166 (12) mL (P < 0.05). At 4200 m baseline volume was 210 (23) mL and after exercise 172 (20) mL (P < 0.05). After 10 min, spleen volume increased to baseline at all altitudes (NS). Baseline Hb increased with altitude from 138.9 (6.1) g/L at 1370 m, to 141.2 (4.1) at 3700 m and 152.4 (4.0) at 4200 m (P < 0.01). At all altitudes Hb increased from baseline during exercise to 146.8 (5.7) g/L at 1370 m, 150.4 (3.8) g/L at 3700 m and 157.3 (3.8) g/L at 4200 m (all P < 0.05 from baseline). Hb had returned to baseline after 10 min rest at all altitudes (NS). The spleen-derived Hb elevation during exercise was smaller at 4200 m compared to 3700 m (P < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory variables were also affected by altitude during both rest and exercise. Conclusions The spleen contracts and mobilizes stored red blood cells during rest at high altitude and contracts further during exercise, to increase oxygen delivery to tissues during acute hypoxia. The attenuated Hb response to exercise at the highest altitude is likely due to the greater recruitment of the spleen reserve during rest, and that maximal spleen contraction is reached with exercise.

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Razavi, Alexander C., Amber Dyer, Matthew Jones, Alexander Sapin, Graciela Caraballo, Heather Nace, Kerri Dotson, Michael A. Razavi, and Timothy S. Harlan. "Achieving Dietary Sodium Recommendations and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Prevention through Culinary Medicine Education." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123632.

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Sodium-reduction initiatives have been a cornerstone of preventing hypertension and broader atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) since the early 1970s. For nearly 50 years, public health and clinical guidelines have concentrated on consumer education, behavioral change, and, to a lesser extent, food policy to help reduce sodium intake among Americans. While these efforts undoubtedly helped improve awareness, average sodium consumption remains at approximately 4200 mg/day in men and 3000 mg/day in women, well above the United States Dietary Guidelines of 2300 mg/day. Culinary medicine is an emerging discipline in clinical and public-health education that provides healthcare professionals and community members with food-based knowledge and skills. With the hands-on teaching of kitchen education to individuals, culinary medicine provides eaters with tangible strategies for reducing sodium through home cooking. Here, we review opportunities for culinary medicine to help improve both individual- and population-level sodium-reduction outcomes through five main areas: increasing adherence to a plant-forward dietary pattern, food literacy, the enhancement of complementary flavors, disease-specific teaching-kitchen modules, and the delivery of culturally specific nutrition education. Through this process, we hope to further underline the value of formal, hands-on teaching-kitchen education among healthcare professionals and community members for ASCVD prevention.

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Heyink, Joost, and Tjeerd Tymstra. "Liver transplantation: a success in most cases." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4201.

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Gannon, K. "Mortality associated with surgery: a case review study." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4202.

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Oommen, Tom. "A study on the awareness of the use of medicines among high school students aged 14–16 years in a co-educational school in North India." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4203.

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Breggin, Peter R. "Psychiatry's role in the holocaust." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4204.

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de Vries, René A., Marcel de Bruin, Jo J. M. Marx, and Albert van de Wiel. "The biological effects of radiation." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 4, no. 2 (1993): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-1993-4205.

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Bradbury-Williams, J. C. "Book Reviews : Shock Horror by Central Office of lnformation (COI) (HSE). Available from CFL Vision. Running time approv 10 minutes UK 4209 VHS PAI." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 114, no. 3 (June 1994): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409411400320.

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Kang, Melissa, Arlie Rochford, Victoria Johnston, Julie Jackson, Ellie Freedman, Katherine Brown, and Adrian Mindel. "Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among 'high risk' young people in New South Wales." Sexual Health 3, no. 4 (2006): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06025.

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International research on homeless adolescents has found that incidence and prevalence of sexually transmissible infections is relatively high. This study reports on a chlamydia prevalence survey conducted among high-risk young people (14–25 years) in New South Wales. The participants were recruited from youth health centres, which target homeless and high-risk youth. Of 333 clients (42.6% male), 84.1% were sexually active and mean number of sexual partners over the preceding 3 months was 1.4. Among sexually active participants, 24.6% claimed to use condoms always and 25% never. Sixteen of 274 available urine samples tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Further research is warranted to better define high-risk groups and clarify the nature of associations between various factors impacting on sexual health. Most importantly, research is now called for into effective strategies for engaging and attracting young people to screening, treatment and contact tracing.

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El Joumani, T., H. Rkain, T. Fatima Zahrae, H. Kenza, A. Radouan, N. Laila, S. Bahloul, et al. "AB0902-HPR COVID-19 PANDEMIC: KNOWLEDGE, BELIEVES AND FEARS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1474.3–1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4200.

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Objectives:To investigate the knowledge, believes, and fears of patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases (CIRD) in Morocco regarding the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods:COVID-19 related knowledge was evaluated through following items: clinical presentations, age of infection, transmission routes, self-reported preventive behaviors, patient’s approach in case of suspicion of being infected by COVID-19 and vaccination. We also investigated the source of the patients’ information.Believes and fears of patients regarding COVID-19 was assessed using 2 items that explored participant’s perception of the degree of threat to public health and their individual infection susceptibility compared to the general population.Results:A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with rheumatic diseases using a questionnaire providing information on patients and disease characteristics.350 patients had participated in this online survey (mean age of 46,1 ± 14,4, 68% were women, 15.7% were illiterate, 45.7% were unemployed, rural residence in 11.7% of cases).The correct answer rates of the 6 questions of the knowledge section of the questionnaire were 53.4-100% with an average mean of 90.7%. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 5,43/6 (SD:0,48). Most participants (96.6%) correctly identified the age group concerned about Covid-19 infection. Remarkably 92.3% of the participants recognized 3 clinical features when 97.7% and 72.3% of the sample recognized perfectly modes of transmission and disease prevention measures. 87.4% of patients knew the recommended course of action to do if they have fever or cough and have recently been in contact with an infected patient. 64% of the study population thought that there was no vaccine available yet.The sources of information on COVID-19 were in descending order: rheumatologist (56.6 %), personal research (on the internet or other) (43.4%), video broadcasts on national television channels (28%), other Awareness Video (24.2%).Regarding the patients believes and fears toward COVID-19, 81.7% of patients believed that the pandemic is a serious threat for the public health and 80.6% thought that their CIRD makes them more exposed to the risk of contamination than general population.Conclusion:The results of this survey show a high prevalence of patient concern about COVID-19. However, the majority of patients responded correctly on the mode of transmission and the means of protection for the COVID-19 infection. Those results could be explained by enormous awareness-raising efforts carried out by our differents departments of our government.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Del Ciampo, Luiz Antonio, Willian Coelho Marciano, Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo, and Heloisa Bettiol. "Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric and Adolescent Obesity Enrolled in a Tertiary Referral Center." International Journal of Nutrology 12, no. 03 (December 2019): 097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708889.

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Abstract Objective To describe some demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of obese children and adolescents admitted in an obesity ambulatory of a referral center located in the southeastern region of Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional and observational study and the data (age, gender, type of delivery, birthweight, age of birth, breastfeeding, laboratory tests and maternal body mass index [BMI]) were collected from medical records. Results The study included 89 patients, of which 45 (50.6%) were male. The mean age was 68.9 months, 50 (55.6%) were first-born, 51 (57.3%) were exclusively breastfed during the 1st 6 months of life, and 18 (20.1%) did not receive breast milk. The mean age of the mothers was 29 years old, 87 (98%) did prenatal assistance, and 69 (77.6%) had a BMI > 25 kg/m2. The results also showed that cesarean delivery (42.6%), low birthweight (6.7%), prematurity (8.7%) and early introduction of artificial food (20.1%) was not predominant among the patients. A total of 25 (28%) subjects had total cholesterol > 170 mg/dL, 35 (39.3%) with LDL-cholesterol > 110 mg/dL, 34 (38.2%) had HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL, and 6 (6.7%) with triglycerides > 130 mg/dL. All of the patients had at least one altered biochemical test. Conclusion Healthy lifestyle promotion should be included in every pediatric primary care program, and all children should receive counseling about healthy nutrition and physical activity since birth. Reducing childhood obesity is a major public health priority and primary prevention programs are a critical part to address the problem.

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Hoadley, John F. "Health Care in the United States: Access, Costs, and Quality." PS: Political Science & Politics 20, no. 02 (1987): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500026007.

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Fact: As a nation, medical care expenditures represent 10.6% of the gross national product. The portion of the nation's medical care dollar coming from federal sources declined slightly (42.6% to 41.4%) between 1981 and 1984, but this share is more than 15 percentage points above the comparable figure from the years prior to 1965 (Anderson, 1985).As these numbers illustrate, paying for health care is a very expensive proposition in the United States, consuming a higher proportion of our nation's resources than is true for most developed nations. While we have strongly resisted any move to a government-run system of health care delivery, the above numbers also show clearly that the federal government pays for a substantial share of all health care in this country.Three major themes have dominated the health policy agenda during recent years: access to health care, cost containment, and quality of care. The fates of these issues have waxed and waned over the years as changes in health care delivery, federal budgetary politics, and shifting public opinion have altered the environment over time. In the 1960s, access was the key issue, as Democratic administrations used government programs to make health care more readily available to all Americans. As inflation levels soared in the 1970s, cost containment was forced onto the agenda, resulting in a series of attempts to reduce federal expenditures on hospital care. Finally, by the mid-1980s, cost containment pressures were modifying slightly; we have recently witnessed a return to access issues and the emergence of quality as a new political issue.

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Hoadley, John F. "Health Care in the United States: Access, Costs, and Quality." PS 20, no. 2 (1987): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030826900627868.

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Fact: As a nation, medical care expenditures represent 10.6% of the gross national product. The portion of the nation's medical care dollar coming from federal sources declined slightly (42.6% to 41.4%) between 1981 and 1984, but this share is more than 15 percentage points above the comparable figure from the years prior to 1965 (Anderson, 1985).As these numbers illustrate, paying for health care is a very expensive proposition in the United States, consuming a higher proportion of our nation's resources than is true for most developed nations. While we have strongly resisted any move to a government-run system of health care delivery, the above numbers also show clearly that the federal government pays for a substantial share of all health care in this country.Three major themes have dominated the health policy agenda during recent years: access to health care, cost containment, and quality of care. The fates of these issues have waxed and waned over the years as changes in health care delivery, federal budgetary politics, and shifting public opinion have altered the environment over time. In the 1960s, access was the key issue, as Democratic administrations used government programs to make health care more readily available to all Americans. As inflation levels soared in the 1970s, cost containment was forced onto the agenda, resulting in a series of attempts to reduce federal expenditures on hospital care. Finally, by the mid-1980s, cost containment pressures were modifying slightly; we have recently witnessed a return to access issues and the emergence of quality as a new political issue.

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Perez, Miguel A. "Safety implications of infotainment system use in naturalistic driving." Work 41 (2012): 4200–4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0122-4200.

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Wang, Minjuan, Dong Sun, and Fang Chen. "Using naturalistic driving films as a design tool for investigating driver requirements in HMI design for ADAS." Work 41 (2012): 4205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0718-4205.

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Mihoevic, Drago Vrsalovic, and Aída Kirschbaum Kasten. "Conocimientos, opiniones y hábito de fumar en profesores." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 7, no. 3 (September 1991): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1991000300005.

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Dada la trascendencia que tienen las actividades educativas en la prevención del hábito de fumar en niños y jóvenes, se realizó un estudio con la finalidad de conocer las tasas de prevalencia, conocimientos y opiniones que tienen los profesores sobre el tabaquismo. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario a 746 profesores de la ciudad de Osorno, Chile. Los resultados indicaron una tasa de 42,6% de maestros fumadores; considerando la especialización, las mayores prevalencias se hallan en las profesoras de Biología y de Educación Física. Se establecen comparaciones con prevalencias de otros países. Se determinó que el nivel de conocimientos es independiente del hábito de fumar, en cambio, las opiniones expresadas sobre diversos aspectos vinculados al tabaquismo, están fuertemente asociadas a su hábito. Se concluye la necesidad de realizar una capacitación sistemática a los profesores en servicio y en los Centros de formación de maestros.

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Khokhlova, Olga, A. Alabusheva, D. Kapshuk, O. Yeremeeva, V. Sergeeva, Yuriy Dykhno, Yekaterina Yeremina, et al. "MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF PURULENT COMPLICATIONS IN CANCER PATIENTS." Problems in oncology 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2018-64-1-121-125.

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Infectious complications in cancer patients are an important public health problem. The purpose of the work is microbiological monitoring of purulent complications in cancer patients for the period 2003-2015. 4209 specimens from oncological patients were examined. The bacteriological method of investigation and PCR were used. It was established that gramnegative microflora occupied one of the leading places in the occurrence of purulent complications. A significant role was played by non-fermenting gram-negative pathogens - 32.8% of the total number of clinically significant strains. The main pathogens were characterized by a high degree of resistance to antimicrobial drugs - the proportion of MDR was 23.33%, XDR - 28.33%. The main mechanism of resistance in enterobacteria was the production of beta-lactamase of extended action (81.0%) including in K.pneumoniae (87.5%), E.coli (60.0%). During the follow-up period the number of methicillin -resistant strains increased significantly: MRSA - up to 52.5%, MRSE - up to 72.0%.

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Gandha Sunaryo Putra and Ria Risti Komala Dewi. "Gambaran Penerimaan Vaksin Covid-19 Di Kecamatan Sintang Tahun 2021." SEHATMAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (April 27, 2022): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i2.216.

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The Covid-19 vaccination is an effort made by the government to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2020 stated that only 65% of the people were willing to be vaccinated. The specific objective to be achieved from this research is to find out the description of the acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine in the community in Sintang District in 2021. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were 380 people. Primary data collection in this study was conducted by interview. The data collection instrument used a structured questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used univariate analysis. The results showed that 50.8% of the people in Sintang District were not ready to be vaccinated. This is because 42.6% of the public's perception of vaccines is still not good, 44.5% of the public stated that they did not get information about vaccines and 56.9% of people stated that they did not get information on when to implement the vaccine. 47.6% of the public's attitude is also less supportive regarding the implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination and 48.2% of the public also lacks confidence in the Covid-19 vaccine. Based on this research, it is suggested to the Sintang District Health Office to increase efforts to vaccinate the community by providing education, socializing the timing of vaccine implementation and correct information about vaccines.

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Rose, Sally B., Susan M. Garrett, Eileen M. McKinlay, and Sonya J. Morgan. "‘Be nice to us, we’re still learning’: an online survey of young people in Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, about unmet need for sexual health care and improving access to services." Sexual Health 18, no. 5 (2021): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh21092.

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Background Young people need equitable access to high-quality sexual and reproductive health care to enjoy good sexual health. Methods This online survey of people aged 15–24years in a defined region of New Zealand asked about unmet need for sexual health care and sought views on improving access to sexual health care. Results Fivehundred participants took part in the study between August and October 2020, of whom 60% were female, 25% were of Māori (indigenous) ethnicity, and 21.4% were gender and/or sexuality diverse. Sixty percent had ever received sexual health care (300/500), and 74.3% received it from a general practice clinic (223/300). Overall, 41% (204/500) reported they needed, but had not received sexual health care in the past (‘unmet need’). Reasons for unmet need included being shy, embarrassed or ashamed (74.5%, 152/204), fear of judgment by clinic staff (42.6%, 87/204), cost (32.8%, 67/204), concerns about confidentiality (28.9%, 59/204), and not knowing where to go (24%, 49/204). Māori participants were more likely to report not knowing where to go (32.1% vs 20%, P=0.04). Participants identified the need to reduce stigma, normalise sexual health care, improve convenience, affordability and awareness of services as key to improving access. Reassurance about confidentiality and being treated with kindness, empathy and respect were deemed critical to service acceptability. Conclusions Action is urgently needed at policy, funding and practice levels to improve access to services by: reducing societal stigma, normalising discussions around sexual health, improving affordability and raising awareness of services. Quality improvement is also needed in general practice to ensure young people can routinely access youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health care.

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Journal articles on the topic '4206 Public health'

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