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Narimatsu, Hiroto, Makoto Murata, Seitaro Terakura, Kyoko Sugimoto, and Tomoki Naoe. "Potential Role of a Mismatched HLA-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clone Developed Pre-Transplant in Graft Rejection Following Cord Blood Transplantation." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3269.3269.
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Abstract Graft rejection is a significant complication in cord blood transplantation (CBT), but little is known about the mechanism of rejection. In the present study, to investigate the potential role of T lymphocytes in graft rejection, we isolated a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone from a patient who developed graft rejection after CBT. A female patient received CBT from an unrelated male donor using a reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of 125 mg/m2 fludarabine and 180 mg/m2 melphalan. The infused total nuclear cell dose was 2.9 × 107 /kg. The patient was diagnosed as having graft rejection on day 28 based on the marrow hypoplasia, with complete loss of donor chimerism. The patient achieved primary engraftment after a second CBT. DNA typing of the HLA-A and B loci demonstrated that the recipient was A*1101/A*2402 and B*4404/B*5603, the first CBT donor was A*1101/A*2402 and B*1501/B*5603, and the second CBT donor was A*2402/A*3303 and B*4403/B*5101. We obtained the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) just after the development of graft rejection following CBT, cultured them in interleukin-2-containing media without stimulator cells for 14 days, and isolated two T lymphocyte clones by limiting dilution. One of the two clones, designated N19D8, lysed Epstein Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL) from the donor, but failed to lyse B-LCL from the patient. Thus, we further investigated the N19D8 clone because it may have been involved in the immunological graft rejection. Flow cytometry and sex chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that the N19D8 clone was CD3+CD4−CD8+ T lymphocyte and originated from the patient. In a cytotoxicity assay for a panel of B-LCL derived from unrelated individuals, N19D8 CTL lysed all of five B-LCL lines from unrelated individuals that shared HLA-B*1501, which is the mismatch antigen in the first CBT, but it failed to lyse B-LCL from nine unrelated individuals without B*1501. To determine if the lack of recognition by N19D8 CTL was solely due to the absence of HLA-B*1501 gene expression, the patient’s B-LCL were transfected with HLA-B*1501 cDNA and then employed as targets in cytotoxicity assays. The B*1501-transfected recipient’s B-LCL were lysed almost as effectively as the first CBT donor’s B-LCL. Furthermore, COS cells transfected with HLA-B*1501 cDNA alone stimulated interferon-γ production of N19D8 CTL. Thus, we concluded that the N19D8 CTL clone recognizes the mismatched HLA-B*1501 molecule as an alloantigen, but not a minor histocompatibility antigen presented by the HLA-B*1501 molecule such as an unidentified male-specific H-Y antigen. We next determined if the N19D8 clone was developed before transplantation, using nested PCR assays specific for the CTL clone’s uniquely rearranged T cell receptor Vβ17 chain gene. PCR products were produced by amplification of DNA from pre-transplant as well as post-transplant PBMC. Additionally, the presence of microchimerism of B*15-positive cells in the pre-transplant PBMCs was confirmed by PCR assay specific for the HLA-B*15. These data demonstrated that the N19D8 CTL clone developed in the patient before the first CBT. The present study demonstrated a potential role of pre-transplant CTLs in graft rejection following CBT. Further studies on mismatched HLA-specific CTLs should help determine the optimal strategy for overcoming graft rejection in CBT.
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Van Halbeek, Herman. "NMR developments in structural studies of carbohydrates and their complexes." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 4, no. 5 (October 1994): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(94)90168-6.
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Wang, Zhijun, Chen Xie, Steven Yeung, Jeffrey Wang, and Moses S. S. Chow. "Development of a simple and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of streptomycin in mice and its application to plasma pharmacokinetic studies." Biomedical Chromatography 33, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): e4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4408.
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Hidy, Dóra, Zoltán Barcza, Hrvoje Marjanović, Maša Zorana Ostrogović Sever, Laura Dobor, Györgyi Gelybó, Nándor Fodor, et al. "Terrestrial ecosystem process model Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0: summary of improvements and new modeling possibilities." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2016): 4405–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4405-2016.
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Abstract. The process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC was enhanced to improve its ability to simulate carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles of various terrestrial ecosystems under contrasting management activities. Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 was used as a base model. Improvements included addition of new modules such as the multilayer soil module, implementation of processes related to soil moisture and nitrogen balance, soil-moisture-related plant senescence, and phenological development. Vegetation management modules with annually varying options were also implemented to simulate management practices of grasslands (mowing, grazing), croplands (ploughing, fertilizer application, planting, harvesting), and forests (thinning). New carbon and nitrogen pools have been defined to simulate yield and soft stem development of herbaceous ecosystems. The model version containing all developments is referred to as Biome-BGCMuSo (Biome-BGC with multilayer soil module; in this paper, Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0 is documented). Case studies on a managed forest, cropland, and grassland are presented to demonstrate the effect of model developments on the simulation of plant growth as well as on carbon and water balance.
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Vecco, Marilena, Simeng Chang, and Andrej Srakar. "La topographie changeante de l’art contemporain en Chine continentale." Géographie et cultures, no. 97 (October 1, 2016): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4405.
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Allix, Étienne, and Bénédicte Florin. "Indésirables dans la ville, utiles dans l’ordure ?" Géographie et cultures, no. 98 (October 31, 2016): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.4434.
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Messaoudi, Ilhem, Alexander Barron, Mary Wellish, Helen Li, Scott W. Wong, Donald H. Gilden, and Ravi Mahalingam. "T cell senescence results in persistent simian varicella virus infection in aged rhesus macaques; a model for herpes zoster (44.4)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 44.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.44.4.
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Abstract Herpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and causes significant morbidity and sometimes mortality in the elderly. Several clinical studies suggest that the waning of T cell immunity with age is the underlying cause of VZV reactivation. However, the exact defects in T cell immunity remain poorly understood due to the fact that VZV infection of laboratory animals, including nonhuman primates, does not result in disease. We have developed a novel animal model wherein rhesus macaques are inoculated with the closely related simian varicella virus (SVV). SVV infection of rhesus macaques reproduces hallmarks of VZV infection in humans: 1) generalized varicella; 2) the development of cellular and humoral immunity; and 3) the establishment of latency with limited transcriptional activity in sensory ganglia. This is the only model where acute infection and latency can be studied in the same animal. Furthermore, whereas adult rhesus macaques can resolve acute SVV infection, aged animals remain persistently viremic. The SVV-specific antibody response generated by elderly animals was comparable to that of adult animals. On the other hand, the SVV-specific T cell response in aged animals was delayed and reduced in magnitude. These data suggest that, similar to clinical observations about VZV, the inability of aged animals to control SVV viremia is due to a reduced T cell response.
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Fischler, Raphaël. "Development Controls in Toronto in the Nineteenth Century." Articles 36, no. 1 (May 16, 2013): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015817ar.
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Histories of contemporary development control tend to situate its beginning in the first or second decade of the twentieth century, when modern zoning bylaws were adopted. Yet, as some researchers have pointed out, building and land-use regulations took shape in the nineteenth century and even earlier. This paper focuses on controls set by the City of Toronto between 1834, when it was incorporated, and 1904, when it adopted bylaw no. 4408, which is seen by many as the first step taken by the city toward modern zoning. In technical terms, it appears that a coherent, though minimal, apparatus of land-use regulation was already in place by the 1860s. Over the course of the nineteenth century, building codes and nuisance laws display the growing intervention of public authorities in the development of the industrial city. Municipal control over material production and over human activity diversifies and finds expression in increasingly complex ordinances. In political terms, the bylaws reveal a growing concern with socio-spatial differentiation and with the protection of property values rather than with health and safety. The incremental development of land-use regulation suggests that, even though North American cities borrowed from each other and from their European counterparts, they constructed zoning locally, in accordance to local needs, resources, and constraints (economic, political, and legal) and in a piecemeal fashion, one bylaw, one amendment at a time.
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Tsygankov, Sergii, Viktor Ushkarenko, Olena Grek, Alla Tymchuk, Inna Popova, Natalia Chepel, Olena Onopriichuk, and Oleksandr Savchenko. "DETERMINATION METHODS OF DEFROSTED PROTEIN-VEGETABLE MIXTURES PARAMETERS DEVELOPMENT." EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (November 30, 2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2018.00791.
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The aim of the work is to develop methods of investigating the influence of semolina and extruded semolina on quality and quantity parameters of mixtures with milk-protein concentrates in a cycle of freezing-defrost that allows to substantiate resource-saving in semi-products manufacturing. Obtained results of changes of the quality of protein-vegetable mixtures after the effect of negative temperatures confirm cryo-protective properties of carbohydrates of products of wheat processing. There were studied methods of extracting proteins of whey for getting albumin mass and using in the composition of milk-protein concentrates. It was established, that adding collagen-containing ingredients in amount 0,4 % for intensifying thermal coagulation of whey proteins decreases the duration of precipitation to (55±2) and (40±2) min respectively depending on a type of raw material processing. There were studied both native whey and protein concentrate, obtained by the method of ultra-filtration with mass share of dry substances (16±2) %. The method of thermal analysis determined a cryoscopic temperature of sour-milk fatless cheese and also albumin mass, obtained using «Collagen pro 4402». The calculation method, based on cryoscopic temperature indices determined an amount of moisture, frozen out in milk-whey mixtures with wheat processing products. The presented information is enough for estimating traditional modes of freezing milk-protein concentrates objectively. The obtained results of the studies indicate the effectiveness of the offered methods for determining parameters of protein-vegetable mixtures after defrosting. Measurements of quality parameters may be used for correcting mass losses of concentrates effectively.
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Sherehiy, Bohdana, Waldemar Karwowski, and Tadeusz Marek. "Relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: A systematic review." Occupational Ergonomics 4, no. 4 (May 17, 2005): 241–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2004-4404.
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A systematic review of the published literature was carried out in order to identify the most important risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the nursing profession. A standardized checklist was used in order to assess the methodological quality of the publications selected for the review. Specific criteria were established to assess the strength and consistence of evidence for potential risk factors for MSD. The results support a notion of the importance of physical work-related factors for the development of musculoskeletal problems in nursing. Lifting in awkward and forward-bent postures were especially high-risk tasks that resulted in variety of reported musculoskeletal problems. This review also revealed that psychosocial factors, especially work organization issues and "social relations at work" were strongly related to the musculoskeletal outcomes in the studied population. Such risk factors as psychological job demands and job control were also associated with musculoskeletal problems; however, the evidence concerning these factors were weak and inconsistent. Further research is needed to establish the moderating and combined effects of different risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession.
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Łępicka, Magdalena, and Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke. "EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND PLASMA NITRIDING ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 440B MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0026.
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Abstract Reliability and durability assurance poses a serious challenge for surgical instruments manufacturers. Hard working conditions, such as intermittent contact with body fluids and hard bone tissues, as well as necessity to undergo frequent sterilisation processes, induce constant research into solutions capable of ensuring high wear resistance while maintaining satisfactory imperviousness to corrosion. Plasma nitriding is marked as the modern corrosion resistance improving method suitable for surgical instruments steels. The paper presents findings from the heat treated and plasma nitrided AISI 440B (PN EN or DIN X90CrMoV18) steel corrosion resistance studies. Three conventionally heat treated (quenched with tempering in 250, 390 or 605°C) and three additionally plasma nitrided in N2:H2 reaction gas mixture (50:50, 35:65 and 20:80 ratio, respectively) specimens groups were examined. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the effect of machining - polishing and sandblasting - on investigated steel corrosion resistance. Microscopic observations and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed using a variety of analytical techniques. Results showed that, in comparison to conventional heat treatment, plasma nitriding of 440B stainless steel does not significantly affect its corrosive characteristics as far as the uniform nitride layer over the entire detail surface is obtained. The layer heterogeneity results in intensification of corrosion processes, making the material even more susceptible to corrosion than after conventional heat treatment, and contributing to severe, visible even with the unaided eye damages development.
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Zygouris-Coe, Vassiliki, and Sherron Killingsworth Roberts. "A Situated Framework for Socialising a Scholarship Mindset with Doctoral Students." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 14 (2019): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4406.
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Aim/Purpose: The doctoral experience is a complex, challenging, and life-changing process. Cultivating a scholarship mindset is a requirement for success in early and later academic careers. This paper presents a situated framework for socializing doctoral students' scholarship mindset. Background: Faculty of doctoral education programmes prepare students for higher education and other scholarly positions. Methodology: In this situated framework, two doctoral faculty utilized their academic qualifications, programmatic experiences, and related academic literature to develop a framework that has been successful in a particular School of Teacher Education context. Contribution: The situatedThe situated framework, which includes steps to Develop, Nurture and Challenge, Apprentice, and Celebrate scholars, can serve as a guide to encourage review and evaluation of doctoral education programmes and the ways in which they develop doctoral students' scholarship mindset and preparation. framework can serve as a guide to encourage review and evaluation of doctoral education programs and the ways in which they develop doctoral students' scholarship mindset and preparation. Findings: Key findings included increased doctoral student participation in events and experiences that contributed to developing a scholarship mindset and strengthening their scholarly publication and research trajectory. Recommendations for Practitioners: Doctoral students need to engage in ongoing, strategic experiences that will positively impact their scholarship trajectory. Retention of doctoral students is not just a matter of successful completion of course work. Recommendation for Researchers: Research in the environmental learning contexts of doctoral education programmes and in the ways in which doctoral academic mentors engage students in scholarship may prove useful to programme developers. Impact on Society: Scholarship during doctoral studies and beyond will contribute to the development of quality education, knowledge, and research at all levels. Future Research: Future research should focus on empirical studies that explore the effectiveness of this situated framework through the perspectives of additional faculty and doctoral students at the particular university context.
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Zhou, Qiangwei, Pengpeng Guan, Zhixian Zhu, Sheng Cheng, Cong Zhou, Huanhuan Wang, Qian Xu, Wing-kin Sung, and Guoliang Li. "ASMdb: a comprehensive database for allele-specific DNA methylation in diverse organisms." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (October 19, 2021): D60—D71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab937.
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Abstract DNA methylation is known to be the most stable epigenetic modification and has been extensively studied in relation to cell differentiation, development, X chromosome inactivation and disease. Allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) is a well-established mechanism for genomic imprinting and regulates imprinted gene expression. Previous studies have confirmed that certain special regions with ASM are susceptible and closely related to human carcinogenesis and plant development. In addition, recent studies have proven ASM to be an effective tumour marker. However, research on the functions of ASM in diseases and development is still extremely scarce. Here, we collected 4400 BS-Seq datasets and 1598 corresponding RNA-Seq datasets from 47 species, including human and mouse, to establish a comprehensive ASM database. We obtained the data on DNA methylation level, ASM and allele-specific expressed genes (ASEGs) and further analysed the ASM/ASEG distribution patterns of these species. In-depth ASM distribution analysis and differential methylation analysis conducted in nine cancer types showed results consistent with the reported changes in ASM in key tumour genes and revealed several potential ASM tumour-related genes. Finally, integrating these results, we constructed the first well-resourced and comprehensive ASM database for 47 species (ASMdb, www.dna-asmdb.com).
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de Morais, Mariana Abrahão Bueno, Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil de Souza, and Mario Tyago Murakami. "Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the mitochondrial tryparedoxin peroxidase fromLeishmania braziliensis." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 69, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1744309113003989.
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Tryparedoxin peroxidase (TXNPx) is an essential constituent of the main enzymatic scavenger system for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in trypanosomatids. Genetic studies have demonstrated the importance of this system for the development and virulence of these parasites, representing a potential target for the discovery of new trypanocidal drugs. In this work, the mitochondrial TXNPx fromLeishmania braziliensiswas cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals diffracted to 3.3 Å resolution and belonged to space groupP42212, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 131.8,c= 44.4 Å. These studies will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS detoxification by trypanosomatids.
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Eisner, Wendy R., Torbjörn E. Törnqvist, Eduard A. Koster, Ole Bennike, and Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen. "Paleoecological Studies of a Holocene Lacustrine Record from the Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) Region of West Greenland." Quaternary Research 43, no. 1 (January 1995): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1995.1006.
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AbstractA lacustrine sediment record from the Kangerlussuaq region, West Greenland, has resulted in a pollen, macrofossil, and sediment stratigraphy that encompasses the last 5000 14C yr. Deglaciation of the area and subsequent development of a nearby floodplain occurred before 5000 yr B.P. Since that time eolian sand and silt deposition appear to have been continuous, with a significant increase ca. 1000 14C yr B.P. Pollen analysis shows little change in the character of the vegetation throughout the record. Fluctuations in herb pollen taxa indicate changes in the extent and development of eolian sand sheets. The oldest pollen zone records relatively little pollen accumulation and low taxa diversity. This is followed by a zone of high pollen accumulation, presumably a phase of highest vegetation density, from 4400 to 3400 14C yr B.P. Thereafter, declining pollen accumulation rates reveal a gradual environmental deterioration. Macrofossil analyses record significant limnological changes, with an early eutrophic phase followed by a masotrophic phase and a reversal to more eutrophic conditions in the final phase. The preserved record illustrates the interactions of deglaciation, eolian activity, regional vegetation, and limnological change.
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Manikowska, Ewa, Gil Pasternak, and Malin Thor Tureby. "Introduction." Culture Unbound 14, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.4409.
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Digital technology rapidly permeated all aspects of human existence in the majority of the world during the early twenty-first century, concurrently reshaping social understanding of the present and interpretations of the past. Indeed, the process has reconditioned age-old social communication and expression practices, while opening up inventive spaces for information organisation, data preservation, as well as for the creation and distribution of knowledge, beliefs and cultural values. The commercialisation of the Internet in the 1990s, coupled with the simultaneous emergence of the World Wide Web, have played a particularly significant role in the development and popularisation of public digital cultures (Gere 2008: 207-224). However, relying as such on digital technology for their exposure, sustainability and expansion, digital cultures were not as conspicuous back then as they turned out to be, especially in the 2010s when social media platforms, augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI) and smart communication devices rose to prominence and became integrated across the otherwise discontinuous geographies dominated by technologically-advanced nations. Since then, it has hardly been possible not to be conscious of how digital cultures have re-energised well-established cultural memories and legacies, on the one hand, and perpetuated innovative cultural dispositions, on the other. In doing so, digital technology, and perhaps digital cultures more specifically, have adapted a set of recognised traditional identities to the social pressures and political demands of life in the twenty-first century. At the same time, they have given expression to otherwise marginalised, non-conformist, and even contentious identities.
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Magen- Nagar, Noga, Hanna Shachar, and Osnat Argaman. "Changing the Learning Environment: Teachers and Students’ Collaboration in Creating Digital Games." Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 18 (2019): 061–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4405.
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Aim/Purpose: The current study examines the impact of an intervention program to train teachers to collaborate with their students while creating digital games. Background: Teachers seem unable to leverage the potential of ICT to present students with a rich learning environment. ICT integration is usually at a relatively simple and concrete level without changing the traditional teacher-student paradigm. Methodology: The study is both quantitative and qualitative. Participants were 63 active teachers studying in the M.Ed. program at a teacher education college. The teachers responded to a series of pre- and post-questionnaires and wrote a concluding reflection. Contribution: Teaching based on creating digital games, combined with teacher-class collaboration, is a viable and real alternative of constructivist teaching, adapted to different learners. Findings: The SEM path analysis showed that it was only after the intervention that the lower the teachers’ resistance to changing teaching patterns, the higher their intrinsic motivation to learn an innovative pedagogical-technological program and likewise the sense of mastery of 21st-century skills, resulting in a positive attitude towards classroom collaboration. The qualitative findings reveal eight categories dealing with two main themes: the first is professional development, including conceptual, behavioral and emotional change, and the second is the teachers’ perception of the learners. Recommendations for Practitioners: Teacher training should be ongoing in order to change teaching-learning processes and promote an active approach based on constructive principles, 21st-century skills and collaboration between teachers and students in a computer environment. Recommendation for Researchers: Future studies should start by sampling teachers and education professionals who have convenient access to technology in their teaching-learning environment. Impact on Society: Collaboration between teachers and students in creating learning games in a computer environment and teacher-class collaboration, in general, require very different training than that which exists today. Hence there should be some rethinking of teacher training. The proposed pedagogical model is one such idea in the right direction. Future Research: A larger study with a greater number of participants, including a control group, should be conducted.
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Ruggeri, Giulia, and Satoshi Takahama. "Technical Note: Development of chemoinformatic tools to enumerate functional groups in molecules for organic aerosol characterization." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 7 (April 11, 2016): 4401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4401-2016.
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Abstract. Functional groups (FGs) can be used as a reduced representation of organic aerosol composition in both ambient and controlled chamber studies, as they retain a certain chemical specificity. Furthermore, FG composition has been informative for source apportionment, and various models based on a group contribution framework have been developed to calculate physicochemical properties of organic compounds. In this work, we provide a set of validated chemoinformatic patterns that correspond to (1) a complete set of functional groups that can entirely describe the molecules comprised in the α-pinene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene MCMv3.2 oxidation schemes, (2) FGs that are measurable by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (3) groups incorporated in the SIMPOL.1 vapor pressure estimation model, and (4) bonds necessary for the calculation of carbon oxidation state. We also provide example applications for this set of patterns. We compare available aerosol composition reported by chemical speciation measurements and FTIR for different emission sources, and calculate the FG contribution to the O : C ratio of simulated gas-phase composition generated from α-pinene photooxidation (using the MCMv3.2 oxidation scheme).
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Marinho-Dias, Joana, and Hugo Sousa. "Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: from Past Doubts to Present Questions." Acta Médica Portuguesa 26, no. 2 (June 5, 2013): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.221.
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Background: Since early 60’s that Cytomegalovirus was studied for its possible role in cervical cancer development. Despite several decades of studies and the description of CMV DNA in cervical samples, it is still doubtful what is the prevalence of Cytomegalovirus in cervix and if CMV can act as a co-factor in cervical carcinogenesis. Methods: In this Systematic Review we intend to summarize the frequency of Cytomegalovirus in cervical samples by revising all published studies between 1980 and 2011 regarding the detection of Cytomegalovirus in cervical samples and the development of lesions/ invasive cervical cancer. Crude and adjusted frequencies of Cytomegalovirus infection were calculated according to country and world region. Results: This study revealed that the worldwide crude frequency of Cytomegalovirus infection in the cervix was 18.9% in all cervical samples and 36.5% in HPV positive women. Cytomegalovirus infection was present in all different types of lesions: 17.4% in normal/ cervicitis, 28.0% in LSIL, 19.7% in HSIL and 44.4% in CIS/ICC. The overall rate of Cytomegalovirus infection varied from 1.58% to 61.0% with an increased incidence in less developed countries. Conclusion: In this study we described a high frequency of positive Cytomegalovirus cases in all types of cervical samples, with increased incidence in both HPV-infected women and CIS/ICC cases. Hence, despite results showed that Cytomegalovirus shedding in cervical samples is frequent more studies should be performed to clarify if Cytomegalovirus infection is an opportunistic infection in HPV-infected cases, or if it contributes for cervical immunosuppression that will favor HPV-associated carcinogenesis.
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Myagkov, Alexander, and Pavel Karamyshev. "Revisiting the influence of accommodation and accommodation disorders on the process of development and progression of myopia (literature review)." Eye 22, no. 129 (March 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2020-1-34-43.
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Purpose. To analyze domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 5 years, reflecting the issues of accommodation and accommodation disorders. To assess the presence or absence of changes in the classification of accommodation disorders. To evaluate the role of various accommodation disorders in the development and progression of myopia. Relevance. Given the significant increase in the number of people with myopia in recent decades, interest in the study of accommodation and accommodation disorders has increased again. This is due not only to the fact that accommodative insufficiency (AI, weak accommodation), is considered one of the leading factors in the development of myopia, but also because the use of one or another method of myopia control affects the process of accommodation, increasing or reducing accommodation reserves, affecting the functioning of the binocular system. New developments in the field of visualization of intraocular structures (anterior segment imaging by OCT, Sheimpflug imaging, UBM) allows carry out previously impossible studies of changes in the crystalline lens, ciliary body, at different levels of accommodation response, in different age groups in vivo, which itself affects the development and testing of new concepts related to the mechanism of the accommodation. Thus, the dynamics of the changes that are taking place motivates ophthalmologists to take a fresh look at the already established concepts of the accommodation mechanism, to assess the consistency of previously adopted approaches to the classification of accommodation disorders, which in turn can affect changes in the tactics of myopia control, which is especially crucial as myopization of the population, especially in children, is accelerating every day. Our task was to evaluate domestic and foreign scientific publications over the past 5 years, reflecting the results of studies of the accommodation mechanism, assessing the influence of accommodation disorders on the progression of myopia. The task was also to assess the prospect of creating a unified classification of accommodative disturbances, the ability to create a unified algorithm for controlling progression, based on accommodation parameters. Search strategy. A review of English and Russian sources related to the study of the mechanism of accommodation was conducted; the effect of accommodation disorders on the progression of myopia and their classification was studied using the following databases: PubMed, Cyberleninka, Google scholar, Elibrary. The search depth was 5 years (2014-2019), excluding the historical sources. The sources included: - original research; - historical issue, scanned publications; - studies / descriptions of accommodation disorders and their relationship with myopia; - abstracts and full-text publications; - literary reviews; - monographies. The exclusion criteria were: - themed issues with closed or restricted access. During the process of searching and processing information, the data obtained were not systematized according to the level of reliability due to the fact that the purpose of the review is to obtain a general idea of the views on this issue, assess the presence or absence of unity in the formation of diagnostic criteria, without the task of suggesting practical recommendations. The following search queries were made to search the databases: a) English-language sources - mechanism of accommodation, accommodation AND history issue, accommodation AND Helmholtz AND Tsherning, accommodation AND myopia, accommodation AND myopia control AND myopia progression, accommodation disorders OR accommodation anomalies, accommodative excess AND accommodative infacility AND accommodative insufficiency, epidemiology myopia AND etiology myopia, near work AND myopia AND children; b) Russian-language sources - the history of the study of accommodation, the mechanism of accommodation, classification of accommodation disorders, accommodation, accommodation disorders with myopia, accommodation and the progression of myopia, weakness of accommodation, habitual excess tension of accommodation; progressive myopia, myopia control.
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Tleuberdinova, A. T., K. V. Kulik, and V. B. Kulik. "INFRASTRUCTURAL SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN RURAL AREAS OF KAZAKHSTAN: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-1-17-29.
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Purpose of the research – comparative analysis of the level of infrastructure provision in rural areas of Kazakhstan, which allows to determine the strategic directions of its development.Methodology – a systematic approach to studying the problems of infrastructure security; methods of statistical and economic analysis. The research is based on the fundamental provisions of the concepts and hypotheses presented in classical and modern studies of foreign and domestic scientists, based on the system-functional approach, as well as software developments of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of regional development. This study is based on the use of methods of systemic, comparative and cluster analysis, methods of classification and grouping, multivariate statistical analysis, which made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the provision of rural areas of Kazakhstan with infrastructure, to group regions, which made it possible to determine the strategic directions for the development of infrastructure in rural areas of the country. To process the initial statistical information, the "Classification Analysis" package of the "IBM SPSS Statistics" application was used.Originality / value of the research – lies in the fact that the comparative analysis of the level of provision of rural areas in the regions of Kazakhstan with basic infrastructure makes it possible to differentiate the regions of the country by the level of infrastructure provision and determine the priority directions of its development, which ultimately will provide them with tourist attractiveness. The findings of the study may be of interest in the development and implementation of programs for the socio-economic development of regions, the development of the tourism industry, as well as for the implementation of scientific research on the integrated development of rural settlements by government bodies.Findings – A comparative analysis of the infrastructural provision of rural areas of Kazakhstan made it possible to identify existing problems in ensuring transport accessibility of destinations, a low level of provision of utilities and social infrastructure, which determines the unattractiveness of rural areas as tourist destinations and low demand from potential tourists.
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Likhvantseva, V. G., A. S. Gevorgyan, and S. G. Kapkova. "Comparative aspects of experimental models of eye neovascularization of different localization (experimental studies)." EYE GLAZ 24, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2022-2-32-45.
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The evolution of treatment technologies and changing requirements for them dictates the development of a strategy for their implementation in clinical practice. The fi rst stage is the assessment of the capabilities, effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, the development of indications and contraindications on models of eye diseases in the experiment.The purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative analysis of experimental models of neovascularization of the eyes of different localization, their reproducibility and compliance with natural analogues of human diseases.Material and methods. In an experiment 2 models of chorioretinal neoangiogenesis and 2 models of corneal localization were studied. All models employed the eyes of one biological species of experimental animals – rabbits of the Chinchilla breed (n = 60). Further, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the used models of eye neoangiogenesis were analyzed empirically. The correspondence of the formed experimental models in animals to natural human diseases was checked by fl uorescence angiography, optical coherence tomography and histological research methods. Results. All 4 experimental models demonstrated clinical signs of neovascularization with different clinical manifestations, verifi ed angiographically, morphometrically (OCT models 1 and 2; in vivo) and histologically (models 1–4; ex vivo). The percentage of neovascularization “yield” on different models varied from 75 to 100%. Models of chorioretinal neovascularization were closer in clinical manifestations to the natural manifestations of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. However, anterior localization models were preferred because of the free access, ease of reproduction, and good visualization of the area of interest, allowing monitoring during treatment. At the same time, angiogenesis in these models has a different nature and partly other mechanisms in which infl ammatory reactions play an important role. However, these models make it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the pathological process with a quantitative count of the newly formed vessels in the cornea, including their length, the diameter of their lumen, to assess the usefulness of the anatomy of the vascular wall, the composition and density of the paravasal cell microenvironment. Taken together, this is of no small importance in preclinical trials of technologies with the claimed angiostatic effect.Conclusion. To obtain a full amount of information about the test drug with the declared angiostatic potential, it is necessary to use several models of neoangiogenesis with different mechanisms of pathogenesis, on which one can study the range of their capabilities and side effects, as well as evaluate the entire range of biological effects.
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Abdukarimova, Z. T., S. Mukhamejanuly, and Sh U. Niyazbekova. "The role of universities in regional development." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-2-68-82.
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This article examines the legal and organizational issues of the role of universities in the development of regions. The purpose of the study is to determine the models of cooperation between universities in the development of regions. Methodology. In the course of the study, logical and formal-legal methods of analysis of individual regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating the issues of strategic planning, ownership of universities as legal entities, missions of universities and achievement of the stated goals, the organizational and legal form of universities, corporate governance bodies, requirements for members of the board of directors of universities were studied. Along with this, this study is based on international publications in the fi eld of higher education management, the place of development strategy in achieving sustainable development goals. Originality / value of research. We built our research on the analysis of the best universities in Kazakhstan according to the results of the IQAA-2020 ratings, since it was these universities that showed good practice of interaction with the regions. Along with this, the strengths and weaknesses of such interaction were identified to determine the further development path. Findings. The research has shown that many Kazakhstani universities do not quite clearly understand the role of universities in the development of regions and the performance of a social function. The lack of a clear understanding of the function assigned to the university by the society leads to the fact that universities do not see key priorities in such cooperation. The study made it possible to draw some conclusions and develop recommendations that are important for continuing eff orts in this direction. Universities should view this interaction as an important, strategic direction for their work and build on established practices.
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Likhvantseva, V. G., A. S. Gevorgyan, S. G. Kapkova, K. A. Kuzmin, A. I. Miroshnikov, and R. S. Esipov. "Development of criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of antiangiogenic drugs on models of neovascularization of the eye (experimental studies)." EYE GLAZ 24, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2022-3-39-47.
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The evolution of therapeutic technologies dictates the development of a strategy for their implementation in clinical practice. The first stage is the assessment of the capabilities, efficiency, advantages and disadvantages, development of indications and contraindications on models of eye diseases in the experiment.The purpose of the work: to develop criteria for assessing the effectiveness of anti‑angiogenic drugs and evaluate the proposed modeland neovascularization of the eye in the experiment.Materials and methods. Neoangiogenesis models – two chorioretinal and two corneal localizations – were formed in the experiment on rabbits of Sovetskaya Chinchilla breed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them were analyzed empirically. Experimental animals with neovascular disease were treated with recombinant peptides with angiostatic potential (tumstatin, PEDF, endostatin). In the course of treatment, we developed efficacy criteria based on clinical, instrumental, and morphological studies.Results. Comprehensive efficacy evaluation criteria were developed and tested, allowing not only to reveal and describe the spectrum of biological effects of the tested drugs, but also to quantitatively assess and compare their therapeutic potential with each other at almost all stages of vascular assembly. The complex consisted of qualitative and quantitative clinical (hyperemia, edema, vascularization, antiangiogenic activity according to a score scale), angiographic (intensity and area of edema, area of neovascularization and index of corneal vascularization) and morphological (extent of edema, extent of vessels and their number in section, index of vascularization) indicators.Conclusion. To get the full amount of information about the tested drug with the claimed angiostatic potential, it is necessary to use several models of neoangiogenesis with different mechanisms to study the amplitude and spectrum of their effects.
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Vorsanova, S. G., I. V. Solovyev, O. S. Kurinnaya, V. S. Kravets, A. D. Kolotii, I. A. Demidova, V. O. Sharonin, Yu B. Yurov, and I. Yu Yurov. "The Y chromosome disomy syndrome (47, XYY) in children with mental retardation, deviations of sex development and different genome anomalies: molecular cytogenetic studies." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 65, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-2-40-48.
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The article present the results of retrospectively analyzed children (4424 boys) with mental and psychomotor retardation, congenital malformations and/or developmental micro anomalies. 23 children had various forms of Y chromosome dysomy syndrome. The frequency of this syndrome in the studied cohort was 0.52%; and in this connection the authors discussed the role of Y-chromosome in the origin of mental retardation. Besides, the chromosome instability in sex and somatic cells is supposed to be a common mechanism of different chromosomal anomalies. The authors discussed the possibility of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic diagnosis, and also clinical polymorphism of the syndrome. The authors established the necessity of molecular cytogenetic technologies in the diagnosis of different forms of the syndrome, including mosaic forms and isodicentric chromosomes-connected forms. The severity of clinical symptoms doesn’t depend on presence of regular or mosaic forms of the syndrome. The study assumes a possible connection of clinical polymorphism with mosaisism, associated with the presence of abnormal cells (cell lines) in different tissues, together with the role of Y chromosome in the origin of mental retardation in children with Y- chromosome disomy syndrome and other chromosomal anomalies. The authors underline the necessity of molecular cytogenetic diagnosis of different forms of the syndrome for correct medical and genetic consultation.
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Zhang, Zhenyu, Ting-Yu Hsu, Hsi-Hsien Wei, and Jieh-Haur Chen. "Development of a Data-Mining Technique for Regional-Scale Evaluation of Building Seismic Vulnerability." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071502.
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Assessing the seismic vulnerability of large numbers of buildings is an expensive and time-consuming task, requiring the collection of highly complex and multifaceted data on building characteristics and the use of sophisticated computational models. This study reports on the development of a data mining technique: Support Vector Machine (SVM) for resolving such multi-dimensional data problems for assessing buildings’ seismic vulnerability at a regional scale. Particularly, we developed an SVM model for rapid assessment of the macroscale seismic vulnerability of buildings in terms of spectral yield and ultimate points of their capacity curves. Two case studies, one with 11 building characteristics and the other with 20, were used to test the proposed SVM model. The results show that when 20 building characteristics are included, an individual building’s seismic vulnerability in term of its spectral yield and ultimate points can be predicted by the proposed SVM model with an average 64% accuracy if the training dataset contains 400 samples, rising to 74% with 4400 training samples. Coupling the proposed technique with demand curves based on buildings’ locations will enable rapid and reliable seismic-risk assessment at a regional scale, requiring only basic building characteristics rather than complex computational models.
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Bushaway, Bob. "J.M. Neeson, Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700–1820, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993. xiv + 382 pp. £35 hb ISBN 0521 44054 8." Rural History 7, no. 1 (April 1996): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001035.
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Uzakova, Sh Т., A. D. Ospanova, and G. T. Uzak. "Features of regional development projects problems: analysis based on central Kazakhstan monotowns." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-2-104-115.
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The purpose of the paper examines the problem of regional development projects (RDP) in monotowns of Kazakhstan the case of Karagandy region through aims and indicators of implemented programs and projects in order to understand are applicable for these monotowns and its value. Methodology. With aim to better understanding the evolution and roots of ineffi ciency of RDP in Kazakhstan on base of Karagandy region monotowns it was adopted a comprehensive review of relevant literature, government programs and its indicators. The necessity of indicators revision and new approach based on project management principles (stakeholders and value) is suggested. Originality / value of the research. The paper reveals the current state and revealed the root of ineffi ciency of regional development programs in monotowns and ways of their decision. Usability of key objectives and indicators of regional development programs to single-industry towns of Karaganda region are considered. Findings. Government programs strongly emphasized the importance of mostly infrastructure projects however, the aim of the programs was to achieve economy diversity. In addition, there were a single indicators and methodology for all monotowns, which are not suitable for all of them. Government reports regarding the results of implemented projects showed only improvements on the power grid and water supply networks but studies and articles in the media state the low effi ciency and no impact and value for endusers of these programs and projects – local community.
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Smetankin, I. G., I. M. Salahutdinov, L. A. Bessonova, and N. U. Belousova. "Development of the shunt implantation technology in patients with open-angle glaucoma and clinical results." EYE GLAZ 24, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2022-3-15-19.
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Glaucoma continues to lead among the irreversible causes of blindness and low vision. In some cases, surgical treatment is the method of choice even for newly detected glaucoma. The indication for the use of drains is refractory glaucoma, but today microshunting is widely enough used in patients with primary open angle glaucoma at the first stage of surgical treatment.The aim of the study is to develop a technology of polymeric microshunt implantation and estimate the clinical effect of its using for the surgical treatment of worsening and terminal open‑angle glaucoma.Materials and Methods. 30 patients (30 eyes) with open‑angle glaucoma and high level of intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed. All the patients were given modified partial‑thickness deep sclerectomy with the polymeric microshunt implantation by means of the developed insertor. The shunt made of polymer (polycarbonate methacrylate) is a hollow square tube 2.5 mm long, the diameter of the inner hole is 0.2 mm. The needle cut angle is 45 degrees, the end of the needle has an additional lateral anti‑lock hole. The microshunt consists of two parts: the needle for placing into the anterior chamber and supporting elements for the shunt fixation between the superficial and deep layers of the sclera. The insertor we created is an instrument 12.2 mm long with the 2.2 mm long thin rod at the end. Before implantation the shunt put on the needle is securely fixed due to the working part of the tool cut (45 degrees), which is congruent to the external part of the shunt. After the implantation the needle is removed from the shunt by pressing the side button of the insertor that allows to leave the shunt at the implantation site.Results. All the patients demonstrated good results at a distant time with areactive current of postoperative period. Computer static projector perimetry and visometry didn’t reveal any negative dynamics during the entire observation period. According to ophthalmoscopy and optical coherent tomography results, the changes of the optic disc, ganglion cells layer in the macula and peripapillary nerve fibers remained at the same level.Conclusion. Antiglaucomatous surgery according to the invented technology of the polymeric shunt implantation with the help of the original insertor in combination with modified sclerectomy provides stable hypotensive effect and minimizes complications. In addition, the method helps to stabilize visual functions in patients with worsening and terminal open‑angle glaucoma and high level of IOP.
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Scatizzi, John, Argyrios Theofilopoulos, and Dwight Kono. "The role of peritoneal B-1a cells in spontaneous and induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (P4038)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 44.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.44.4.
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Abstract Previous studies have suggested peritoneal B-1a cells play a vital role in the development of anti-erythrocyte antibodies (AEA), but this remains controversial. While studying the Lbw2 lupus-susceptibility locus on chr 4, we discovered a subcongenic line, Lbw2-SE (NZB strain with 20 Mb NZW), that was deficient in peritoneal B-1a cells. NZB mice spontaneously develop autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and exhibit an expansion of peritoneal B-1a cells, therefore we used this congenic to study the role of B-1a B cells in AEA production. Compared to NZB, Lbw2-SE mice had decreased total number of peritoneal B cell subsets (B-1a, B-1b, and B-2) but no differences in the number of splenic B cell subsets and a slight delay in AEA incidence similar to Lbw-2 congenics. To precisely map the B-1a-affecting variant, additional subcongenics were generated of which two (SEA & SED) had the low B1a phenotype. They, however, did not overlap suggesting the responsible mutation was located outside of the Lbw2-SE interval. The SEA and SED sublines had AIHA similar to NZB mice, while the SEB and SEC sublines had normal numbers of B-1a cells yet lower incidences of AIHA. Interestingly, after administering a TLR3 agonist to induce AEAs in young mice, the SEA and SED sublines with fewer B-1a cells demonstrated resistance to the development of AEAs. Our data indicate that B-1a cells are not required for the development of AEAs, but can enhance induction of AIHA under environmental conditions.
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Mishen'kina, Ol'ga. "SCREENING OF COLLECTION SAMPLES OF OATS BY RESISTANCE TO DAMAGE OF A DUST SMUT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-29-33.
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Studies to identify the sources of resistance to dust smut among the collection samples of oats of various ecological and geographical origin, and varieties and breeding lines created in Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, were performed on an artificial infectious background of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture in the Middle Volga region in 2016-2018. 36 samples were studied that showed varying degrees of resistance-susceptibility to the harmful pathogen, including five varieties with identified resistance genes to diseases caused by smut fungi Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr. and Ustilago kolleri Wille. Allur variety susceptible to dust smut was used as a universal indicator. The indicator variety over the years of research on average was affected by-44.4 %, with the lowest value in 2018 - 25.6 % and the maximum in 2017-58.1 %, when the conditions for the development of the disease were the best. Most of the oat samples studied showed varying degrees of resistance to Ulyanovsk dust smut population: 9 samples were immune, 14 were practically resistant. A significant proportion of stable genotypes were collected samples whose country of origin is the United States (52.2 %) and varieties of local selection (12.7 %). Of particular interest are the stable naked forms of oats, including the new variety of oat Griva. It has shown a high degree of stability over all the years of testing. Weak and medium susceptibility was characterized by 8 and 3 samples, respectively. Severe dust smut damage, over 50 %, was observed in two samples
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Kovalevskaya, Maria, Alexander Myagkov, and Olga Donkareva. "What makes us meet a patient with ametropia cautiously?" Eye 125, no. 2019-1 (2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2019-1-14-24.
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Purpose: To assess the presence of risk factors for ocular hypertension among students in Voronezh and its connection with various types of ametropia. Material and methods. The present study involved 835 students (454 women, 381 men, 1670 eyes) aged 18 to 27, the average age was 21.2±1.3. Among these students, 442 students (52.9%) had emmetropia, 116 students (13.9%) – hyperopia and 277 students (33.2%) – myopia. The presence of risk factors for the development of glaucoma in medical history was studied using a questionnaire. Complex inspection included visometry, direct ophthalmoscopy, induction-based tonometry. Results. Slightly more than half of the students in the age group from 18 to 27 years had emmetropia, and every fourth had myopia. The IOP level of 22 mm Hg and higher was detected using non-contact tonometry in 6.8% of students, 43.9% of them had risk factors for the development of glaucoma. Students with high myopia had 6 times higher risk of glaucoma development compared to those with mild or moderate myopia, hyperopia and emmetropia. No reliable data on the increase of IOP when comparing it to groups with various types of ametropia was obtained. Conclusion. According to the screening results of 835 students, the risk factors for glaucoma and other eye diseases were studied and analyzed, refractive errors were revealed, IOP was evaluated with an Icare tonometer, the relation of IOP with ametropia type, visual acuity and visual acuity with habitual correction was studied.
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Ibadildin, N. A., A. Y. Artykbayeva, and Sh M. Borashova. "Project management in the development of dual learning in the education system of Kazakhstan." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-2-45-57.
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Purpose of the research. This article is aimed to study the world experience in the application of project management and its approaches in the fi eld of education and in the system of dual education in the Republic of Kazakhstan too. The rapidly developing technologies of the labor market are tightening the requirements for young professionals, so the authors propose to consider new management approaches that will help educational organizations train highly qualifi ed personnel, so necessary for the labor market. The proposed approaches (predictive, adaptive and hybrid) include a set of project management techniques and methodologies that have the potential to solve all necessary organizational issues. Methodology. The research methodology was implemented through a literature review of scientifi c articles, according to the following keywords: «project management in education», «waterfall approach in education», «Agile in education» and «hybrid approach in education». Originality / value of the research. The relevance of the research topic lies in the potential for solving the social problem associated with youth unemployment in the Republic of Kazakhstan among the NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) generation. The originality of the research is confi rmed and substantiated by a small number of scientifi c studies and articles that reveal the use of project management to organize the educational process, especially in the process of organizing a system of dual education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Findings. The results of the article are the authors' recommendations on the application of the necessary and appropriate project management approaches at certain stages of the implementation of dual training for its effective development in the country.
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Uphoff, Eleonora, Báltica Cabieses, Mariona Pinart, Macarena Valdés, Josep Maria Antó, and John Wright. "A systematic review of socioeconomic position in relation to asthma and allergic diseases." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 2 (December 23, 2014): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00114514.
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The role of socioeconomic position (SEP) in the development of asthma and allergies is unclear, with some pointing to the risks of low SEP and other research pointing in the direction of higher SEP being associated with higher prevalence rates. The aim of this systematic review is to clarify associations between SEP and the prevalence of asthma and allergies. Out of 4407 records identified, 183 were included in the analysis. Low SEP was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in 63% of the studies. Research on allergies, however, showed a positive association between higher SEP and illness in 66% of studies. Pooled estimates for the odds ratio of disease for the highest compared with the lowest SEP confirmed these results for asthma (unadjusted OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.37–1.39), allergies in general (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62–0.72), atopic dermatitis (unadjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.83) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (unadjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46–0.59). Sensitivity analyses with a subsample of high-quality studies led to the same conclusion. Evidence from this systematic review suggests that asthma is associated with lower SEP, whereas the prevalence of allergies is associated with higher SEP.
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Munir, Tahir, Muhammad Soomair Akbar, Sadia Ahmed, Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Muzna Sarfraz, Miguel Felix, and Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda. "A Systematic Review of Internet of Things in Clinical Laboratories: Opportunities, Advantages, and Challenges." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 8051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22208051.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, electronics, and online connectivity systems. This study explores the role of IoT in clinical laboratory processes; this systematic review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines. We included IoT models and applications across preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical laboratory processes. PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, IEEE, and A.C.M. Digital library were searched between August 2015 to August 2022; the data were tabulated. Cohen’s coefficient of agreement was calculated to quantify inter-reviewer agreements; a total of 18 studies were included with Cohen’s coefficient computed to be 0.91. The included studies were divided into three classifications based on availability, including preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical. The majority (77.8%) of the studies were real-tested. Communication-based approaches were the most common (83.3%), followed by application-based approaches (44.4%) and sensor-based approaches (33.3%) among the included studies. Open issues and challenges across the included studies included scalability, costs and energy consumption, interoperability, privacy and security, and performance issues. In this study, we identified, classified, and evaluated IoT applicability in clinical laboratory systems. This study presents pertinent findings for IoT development across clinical laboratory systems, for which it is essential that more rigorous and efficient testing and studies be conducted in the future.
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Römer, Thomas, Johannes Bitzer, Christian Egarter, Peyman Hadji, Marion Kiechle, Heike Kramer, Patricia G. Oppelt, et al. "Oral Progestins in Hormonal Contraception: Importance and Future Perspectives of a New Progestin Only-Pill Containing 4 mg Drospirenone." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 81, no. 09 (June 14, 2021): 1021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1471-4408.
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AbstractHormonal contraceptives are an effective and safe method for preventing pregnancy. Progestins used in contraception are either components of combined hormonal contraceptives (tablets, patches or vaginal rings) or are used as a single active ingredient in progestin mono-preparations (the progestin-only pill (POP), implants, intrauterine systems or depot preparations). Progestins are highly effective in long-term contraception when used properly, and have a very good safety profile with very few contraindications. A new oestrogen-free ovulation inhibitor (POP) has recently been authorised in the USA and the EU. This progestin mono-preparation contains 4 mg of drospirenone (DRSP), which has anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoidic and anti-androgenic properties. The hormone administration regimen of 24 days followed by a 4-day hormone-free period was chosen to improve bleeding control and to maintain oestradiol concentrations at early follicular-phase levels, preventing oestrogen deficiency. Clinical trials have demonstrated a high contraceptive effectiveness, a very low risk of cardiovascular side effects and a favourable menstrual bleeding pattern. Due to the long half-life of DRSP (30 – 34 hours), the effectiveness of the preparation is maintained even if a woman forgets to take a pill on a single occasion. Studies involving deliberate 24-hour delays in taking a pill have demonstrated that ovulation inhibition is maintained if a single pill is missed. Following a summary of the current status of oestrogen-free contraception, this review article will describe the clinical development programme of the 4 mg DRSP mono-preparation and the resulting data on the effectiveness and safety of this new oestrogen-free oral hormonal contraceptive.
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Kurysheva, N. I., and G. A. Sharova. "Efficacy of Laser Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma." EYE GLAZ 24, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2022-1-20-33.
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Addressing the issue of a closed angle of the anterior chamber plays a key role in preventing the development of angleclosure glaucoma.The purpose: to compare the efficacy of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) at the stage of primary angle closure suspects (PACs) with LPI carried out at the initial stage of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).Materials and methods. A clinical case of a primary angle closed disease (PACD) in a patient with PACs after LPI in the right eye and with PACG after LPI, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the left eye is presented. A detailed examination was performed in dynamics, including methods of visualization of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.Results. After 2.5 years, the anterior chamber angle in the right eye retained an expanded profile after LPI (up to 30°), no signs of PACG development were recorded. On the left eye, the anterior chamber angle remained closed (9°) with an IOP of 24 mm Hg at the maximum hypotensive therapy with eye drops. Despite the absence of progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in both eyes, the risk of the transition from the initial stage to the moderate and advanced stage of PACG in the left eye still remains due to the presence of goniosynechia and possible fluctuations of intraocular pressure.Conclusion. LPI is more effective at the stage of PACs and its implementation is advisable in order to prevent the development of PACG.
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Rahman, Maryam, Gregory J. Velat, Brian L. Hoh, and J. Mocco. "Direct thrombolysis for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis." Neurosurgical Focus 27, no. 5 (November 2009): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.7.focus09146.
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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an increasingly diagnosed disease with a wide range of symptoms, ranging from a mild headache to cerebral herniation. A potentially devastating syndrome, CVST has been associated with a mortality rate of 6–10%. In prospective studies, the overall rate of death and dependency from CVST ranges from 8.8 to 44.4%. Systemic anticoagulation remains the first-line treatment. However, a percentage of patients deteriorate despite medical therapy. These cases have resulted in the development of thrombolysis or endovascular treatment for CVST. Initial reports of the use of endovascular treatment of CVST have been promising. However, enthusiasm for the use of endovascular thrombolysis and thrombectomy should be tempered by an understanding of possible risks such as intracerebral hemorrhage and/or vessel dissection. The authors review the literature regarding endovascular treatment of CVST with a description of the chemical and mechanical thrombolytic techniques.
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Serván-Mori, Edson, Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera, Amado D. Quezada, Carlos Pineda-Antunez, María del Carmen Hernández-Chávez, Angélica García-Martínez, Abby Madrigal, et al. "Early neurological development and nutritional status in Mexican socially deprived contexts." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 21, 2022): e0270085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270085.
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Early childhood development (ECD) is a critical stage in the intergenerational process of human development. Targeted interventions depend on accurate and up-to-date ECD measurements. This paper presents estimates for the nutritional and neurodevelopmental status of socially marginalized children in Mexico. We performed a cross-sectional study based on data collected in 2019–2020 during home visits to 1,176 children aged 0–38 months across 24 highly marginalized locations in Oaxaca. We assessed nutritional status according to the World Health Organization 2006 child-growth standards and ECD status using the Child Development Evaluation Test, 2nd Edition. We stratified results by sex. Prevalence of stunting was 5.3 percentage points (p.p.) higher (p = 0.023) in males (25.3%; 95% CI: 20.2%, 31.1%) compared to females (20.0%; 95% CI: 15.0%, 26.1%). Overall prevalence rates stood at 5.7% (95% CI: 4.0%, 8.1%) for underweight, 1.5% (95% CI: 0.9%, 2.7%) for wasting and 3.6% (95% CI: 2.3%, 5.7%) for overweight/obesity, with no significant differences by sex. Prevalence of normal development was 8.3 p.p. lower (p = 0.001) in males (39.3%; 95% CI: 34.5%, 44.4%) compared to females (47.6%; 95% CI: 41.6%, 53.6%). By development area, the highest prevalence of suboptimal outcomes among children with developmental lag or at risk of delay was observed in their gross motor and language skills: 24.1% (95% CI: 20.0%, 28.8%) and 38.6% (95% CI: 34.0%, 43.3%), respectively. The largest difference between the sexes was found in the language area. Our results show that childhood development strategies have been insufficient thus far in the studied population. Programs specifically designed to prevent ECD lags and bridge inequality gaps are urgently needed. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04210362.
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Gruszczyński, Tomasz, Jerzy Małecki, Anastasiia Romanova, and Maciej Ziułkiewicz. "Reconstruction of Thermal Conditions in the Subboreal Inferred from Isotopic Studies of Groundwater and Calcareous Tufa from the Spring Mire Cupola in Wardzyń (Central Poland)." Water 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091945.
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Studies with application of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon have been performed on calcareous tufa, groundwater and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the spring mire cupola in Wardzyń. This study was focused on the verification of the a priori hypothesis that the analysed calcareous tufa is a chemical deposit and on the attempt to supplement an earlier scenario of environmental changes in the Subboreal with oscillations of water temperature. The constructed model of chemical and isotope balance, and δ13C determinations in DIC, allowed for calculating ratios of stable isotopes of carbon in particular speciations and in gaseous CO2. The obtained results coupled with δ13C values in calcite indicate that this mineral precipitated from the solution chemically (without the contribution of living organisms). Additionally, it was possible to reconstruct the temperature range at which the calcareous tufa was formed. The reconstructed scenario of changes in the thermal conditions was refined based on δ18O determinations in groundwater and calcite. Accordingly, the oldest calcareous tufa, with an age of about 5500 cal years BP, was formed in cool climate conditions (with average annual temperatures by about 3 °C lower than presently). The formation of younger series of the calcareous tufa took place between 4400–2900 cal years BP and represents a much warmer period with two distinct cooler episodes at 3900 and 3000 cal years BP, respectively. The course of the obtained temperature curves correlates well with the GISP2 curve and curves obtained for other sites in Northern, and Central Europe.
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Hernáez, Patricio, Betel Martínez-Guerrero, Arthur Anker, and Ingo S. Wehrtmann. "Fecundity and effects of bopyrid infestation on egg production in the Caribbean sponge-dwelling snapping shrimpSynalpheus yano(Decapoda: Alpheidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 4 (November 3, 2009): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991093.
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SeveralSynalpheusspecies have been reported as hosts of bopyrid parasites; however, the impact of infestation on egg production is still unknown. Therefore, the present work studied reproductive aspects and the effect of parasitism on fecundity of the alpheid shrimpSynalpheus yanofrom Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. Un-infested females (N = 84) ranging from 3.7 to 9.6 mm carapace length, produced between 5 and 246 eggs (average: 98±64.6), and egg number increased significantly with female size. The eggs were relatively large (0.6–1.3 mm in diameter), but within the range of otherSynalpheusspecies, and egg size did not differ significantly between un-infested and infested females. Despite these large eggs, the morphological characteristics of hatching larvae indicate a planktotrophic development. During the incubation period, the egg volume increased from 0.100 to 0.218 mm3, representing an overall increase of 118%. A total of 18 females (16% of all ovigerous individuals) were infested, and the occurrence of parasitic infestation was more pronounced in larger females. Infested females ranging from 4.6 to 9.4 mm carapace length, produced between 22 and 166 eggs (average: 81±44.4). Egg-bearing females infested by parasitic bopyrids carried on average 41% fewer eggs than similar-sized females without parasites. The co-occurrence of parasites and developing eggs, however, indicates that the bopyrid parasite does not necessarily castrate its host. Therefore, we encourage more comparative intraspecific studies on egg production in infested and un-infested females to assess the impact of infestation on fecundity in caridean shrimp.
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Khamitov, Zh M., and G. A. Junusbekova. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2021-5-90-103.
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The purpose of the research is to study the existing problems in the public procurement system and ways to solve them.The methodological basis of the research is scientific, scientific-practical and publication studies that reveal the problems of public procurement management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the article uses theoretical and empirical research methods, such as description, comparison and analysis. At the same time, official statistics are given and positive international experience in this area is studied, as well as a sociological research method is applied. The survey toolkit was developed by the authors and posted on the public procurement portal of the Republic of Kazakhstan (questionnaire).The originality / value of the study. The sphere of public procurement acquires an important role in the development of the socio-economic direction, the results obtained can be applied in improving the procurement system.Findings. The current situation in the field of public procurement monitoring in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the experience of advanced countries are analyzed, on the basis of which the problems of functioning in the analyzed area are highlighted. Procurement corruption manifests itself in different situations. In order to solve these problems and develop the institute of anti-corruption monitoring in the public procurement management system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to use the best practices of foreign countries. The necessity of strengthening public monitoring of public procurement and the creation of public control centers in the field of public procurement is substantiated. In conclusion, the article offers a number of recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of monitoring public procurement.
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Millar, Katherine, David J. Gibson, Bryan G. Young, and Andrew J. Wood. "Impact of interspecific competition on seed development and quality of five soybean cultivars." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 12 (2007): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07034.
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Enhancing total yield and improving seed quality is a dynamic area of research. Both breeding and biotechnology have been successful in creating soybean cultivars with increased oil or protein content with much research directed at total yield. We conducted a 2-year field experiment to investigate the potential impact of interspecific competition on seed quality and seed development of five soybean cultivars (Forrest, Essex, Asgrow 4603, Asgrow 4403 and Asgrow 3903). Three levels of weed competition were established using different application rates of pre-emergence herbicides s-metolachlor and cloransulam. Several seed related parameters were measured and many showed similar trends of significance for cultivar and weed competition treatments across both years. Higher levels of weed competition resulted in soybean seeds containing higher protein content (increase between 0.7 and 1%). For protein in 2005, there was a significant interaction term for competition level and cultivar (F8,44 = 2.38, P < 0.05). Seed oil tended to decrease with higher levels of competition, but by less than 1% each year. Seed yield showed a significant decrease in response to competition in 2005 (F2,44 = 56.82, P < 0.0001), but not in 2004. Seed per plant decreased in response to competition both years (2004: F2,44 = 8.23, P < 0.05; 2005: F2,44 = 8.71, P < 0.05). Seed per plant was impacted both years by competition. The number of aborted pods per plant was greater for plants under low and medium competition; however, significance was seen only in 2004 (F2,44 = 3.33, P < 0.05) but the trend was evident in 2005. Seed quality changes are responsive to the presence of neighbouring plants even if their interference does not reduce total yield. Future studies should be designed to investigate how competition and interference alter soybean metabolism such that seed quality is maximised.
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Melnychenko, M. G., A. A. Kvashnina, P. B. Antonenko, and K. A. Antonenko. "PREDICTING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS IN CHILDREN DEPENDING ON ACETYLATION GENOTYPE." Novosti Khirurgii 29, no. 5 (October 11, 2021): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18484/2305-0047.2021.5.573.
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Objective. To determine the predictive value of the genetic polymorphism of the N-arylacetyltransferase-2 (NAT-2) gene for assessing the risk of postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children. Methods. In all children (36 children with adhesive intestinal obstruction (main group) and 35 planned patients (comparative group)) the acetylation genotype was studied by detecting point mutations of the NAT-2 gene using allele-specific amplification method with analysis of apolymerase chain reaction-restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism. Results. The study of the frequency of mutations at position 481 revealed the greatest diversity of the studied variants of genotypes: 33.3% of the children of the main group were homozygous for the wild-type gene, 44.4% were heterozygotes, 22.2% of patients had a homozygous mutant gene. According to the NAT-2 * 6A genotype (G 590 - A), the majority of patients (55.6%) were heterozygotes, 44.4% were homozygotes with the wild-type of the gene. Not a single case of mutation at position 857 has been identified. Among the children of the main group, the share of «fast» acetylators was 69.4%, in the comparison group - 40.0% (χ<sup>2</sup>=6.215; p=0.013). The development of postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children with the “fast” acetylation genotype occurred in the absence of clinical and anamnestic risk factors and was characterized by a greater severity and prevalence of intra-abdominal adhesive process (PAI was (14.8±1.8) and (8.1±2.4 ), respectively). Conclusion. The risk of developing postoperative adhesive complications in children can be done preventively by determining the genetic polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase-2 gene. The risk group for developing adhesive intestinal obstruction is made up of children who are the carriers of NAT-2 alleles and correspond to the genotype of «fast» and «moderate» acetylation. Children who are «fast» acetylators have a more pronounced intra-abdominal adhesion process and a higher risk of complications associated with excessive adhesion even in the absence of other risk factors. What this paper adds N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphism as a prognostic risk factor for the development of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children has been studied. Children as the carriers of the «fast» acetylator genotype have a higher risk of developing intra-abdominal adhesions and therefore require more comprehensive preventive measures at all stages of possible influence.
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Araújo, Ricardo De Carvalho, Vanessa Pellegrino Toledo, and ÉriKa Christiane Marocco Duran. "Psychiatric patient classification system: analysis of scientific production." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 6, no. 2 (January 7, 2012): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.2052-14823-1-le.0602201225.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the scientific production on the psychiatric patients classification systems (PCSs), according to the level of dependence on the psychiatric nursing team. Methodology: this is an integrative literature review study that used the descriptors "psychiatric nursing", "staff dimensioning", and "classification" to carry out searches on the databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and LILACS. Nine publications were selected, which met the inclusion criteria and provided a response to the guiding question: "What is the scientific knowledge produced on a national and international basis about the psychiatric patients classification systems, their distribution over the years under study, the most used methodological design, and the themes addressed?" Results: the analysis allowed the identification of 55.5% of this production within the period from 1980 to 1994 and 44.4% from 2001 to 2008; 77% of the papers were found in the databases PUBMED and CINAHL; the most used methodological design was the grounded theory (55,5%); and the most approached theme was the creation/validation of an instrument for PCS (77.7%). Conclusion: one believes the development of studies that apply instruments for PCS can qualify its implementation in psychiatric hospitalization institutions. Descriptors: nursing; psychiatric nursing; staff dimensioning; classification.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a produção científica acerca dos sistemas de classificação de pacientes psiquiátricos (SCPs), conforme o nível de dependência da equipe de enfermagem psiquiátrica. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura que utilizou os descritores "enfermagem psiquiátrica", "dimensionamento de pessoal" e "classificação" para realizar buscas nas bases de dados PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL e LILACS. Selecionou-se nove publicações, que atenderam os critérios de inclusão e proporcionaram uma resposta à questão norteadora: "Qual é o conhecimento científico produzido nacional e internacionalmente sobre os sistemas de classificação de pacientes psiquiátricos, sua distribuição ao longo dos anos em estudo, o delineamento metodológico mais utilizado e as temáticas abordadas?" Resultados: a análise permitiu a identificação de 55,5% da produção no período de 1980 a 1994 e 44,4% de 2001 a 2008; 77,7% dos artigos encontravam-se nas bases PUBMED e CINAHL; o delineamento metodológico mais empregado foi a teoria fundamentada (55,5%); e a temática mais abordada foi a criação/validação de um instrumento para SCP (77,7%). Conclusão: acredita-se que o desenvolvimento de estudos que apliquem instrumentos para SCP possa qualificar sua implementação nas instituições de internação psiquiátrica. Descritores: enfermagem; enfermagem psiquiátrica; dimensionamento de pessoal; classificação.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la producción científica acerca de los sistemas de clasificación de pacientes psiquiátricos (SCPs), según el nivel de dependencia del equipo de enfermería psiquiátrica. Metodología: esto es un estudio de revisíon integradora de literatura que utilizó los descriptores "enfermería psiquiátrica", dimensionamiento de personal" y "clasificación" para búsquedas en las bases de datos PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL y LILACS. Fueron seleccionadas nueve publicaciones, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y proporcionaron una respuesta a la pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuál es el conocimiento científico producido nacional e internacionalmente acerca de los sistemas de clasificación de pacientes psiquiátricos, su distribución a lo largo de los años estudiados, el diseño metodológico más utilizado y los temas abordados? Resultados: el análisis permitió la identificación de 55,5% de la producción en el período de 1980 a 1994 y 44,4% de 2001 a 2008; 77,7% de los artículos fueron encontrados en las bases PUBMED y CINAHL; el diseño metodológico más empleado fue la teoría fundamentada (55,5%); y el tema más abordado fue la creación/validación de un instrumento para SCP (77,7%). Conclusión: se cree que el desarrollo de estudios que apliquen instrumentos para SCP pueda cualificar su implementación en las instituciones de internación psiquiátrica. Descriptores: enfermería; enfermería psiquiátrica; dimensionamiento de personal; clasificación.
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DEMİR, Yaşar, Erhan DAĞ, Pınar KARAKUŞ, and Saliha ÖZPINAR. "GENDER ATTITUDES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND ITS AFFECTING FACTORS: ALANYA EXAMPLE." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS, no. 44 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2022/abcd89/.44.4.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the gender attitudes and determinants of university students. Method:Personal presentation form and gender relations scale were used to collect the data of the cross-sectional study. The universe of the study consists of undergraduate students studying at a university in Alanya in 2021-2022. Percentage, frequency, mean and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the collected data. Before starting the research, permission was obtained from the ethics committee of the university where the research would be conducted. Results: 55% of the research group was female, and the age distribution was 20.85±1.25 (18-24). It was determined that the gender relations scale was affected by gender, class, department, father's education status and dating relationship, the equality sub-dimension was affected by gender, class, father's education level and family type, and the power sub-dimension was affected by gender, department, father's education level and family type.Conclusion: It was found that the gender attitudes of university students are egalitarian and affected by factors such as gender, class, department, father's education level and dating relationship. Considering that universities are places where the development and transformation of society is experienced, it can be suggested to reveal the general attitude of university students by conducting such studies in different universities.
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Базиль, Людмила, Валерій Орлов, and Оксана Фурса. "A DESIGN TEACHER IN THE CONTEXT OF PEDAGOGICAL REFLECTION." Мистецька освіта: зміст, технології, менеджмент, no. 14 (December 28, 2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37041/2410-4434-2019-14-1.
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The paper deals with one of the areas in the development of pedagogical skills of art teachers and the role of reflexive pedagogy in shaping creative personality in the system of training of future designers. One of the critical issues in design education is to bridge the gap between the information provided and its practical demand. During their years of study, students acquire too much and too little knowledge at the same time. Much knowledge refers to its volume, whereas little knowledge implies their adequacy to particular circumstances under which they have to work. Reflexive pedagogy can help to solve this issue. The paper considers the most common definitions of the term “reflection”. It indicates that pedagogical reflection of a design teacher is a system of linguistic and thinking processes, ensuring the realization of goals of future designers’ professional training and education in the system of artistic and pedagogical interaction. It demonstrates that cultural reflection is aimed at rethinking cultural acts and one’s cultural experience. It justifies the obtained results to reveal fundamentally essential conditions for developing professional reflection. It proves that many psycho-pedagogical studies cover the issue of professional reflection of art teachers, and there is no concept of its development for future designers. Therefore, it is essential to find out how to develop reflexion of students and university teachers. The paper concludes that one’s ability to generate new and non-standard ideas should be considered as one of the conditions for developing creative thinking of university teachers, boosting their self-confidence and promoting individual independence of vision.
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Harish, Keerthi, Ben Zhang, Peter Stella, Kevin Hauck, Marwa M. Moussa, Nicole M. Adler, Leora I. Horwitz, and Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs. "Validation of parsimonious prognostic models for patients infected with COVID-19." BMJ Health & Care Informatics 28, no. 1 (September 2021): e100267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2020-100267.
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ObjectivesPredictive studies play important roles in the development of models informing care for patients with COVID-19. Our concern is that studies producing ill-performing models may lead to inappropriate clinical decision-making. Thus, our objective is to summarise and characterise performance of prognostic models for COVID-19 on external data.MethodsWe performed a validation of parsimonious prognostic models for patients with COVID-19 from a literature search for published and preprint articles. Ten models meeting inclusion criteria were either (a) externally validated with our data against the model variables and weights or (b) rebuilt using original features if no weights were provided. Nine studies had internally or externally validated models on cohorts of between 18 and 320 inpatients with COVID-19. One model used cross-validation. Our external validation cohort consisted of 4444 patients with COVID-19 hospitalised between 1 March and 27 May 2020.ResultsMost models failed validation when applied to our institution’s data. Included studies reported an average validation area under the receiver–operator curve (AUROC) of 0.828. Models applied with reported features averaged an AUROC of 0.66 when validated on our data. Models rebuilt with the same features averaged an AUROC of 0.755 when validated on our data. In both cases, models did not validate against their studies’ reported AUROC values.DiscussionPublished and preprint prognostic models for patients infected with COVID-19 performed substantially worse when applied to external data. Further inquiry is required to elucidate mechanisms underlying performance deviations.ConclusionsClinicians should employ caution when applying models for clinical prediction without careful validation on local data.
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Didenko, V. I., S. L. Melanich, V. B. Yagmur, and K. A. Ruban. "Features of the hemostasis system in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." GASTROENTEROLOGY 55, no. 4 (January 11, 2022): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2308-2097.55.4.2021.247914.
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Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. In recent years, disorders in the hemostasis system, their role in the progression of liver diseases and the development of cardiovascular complications in NAFLD have been actively studied. The purpose was to investigate the features of the hemostasis system in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods. We examined 36 individuals with NAFLD (20 women and 16 men) aged 29–73 years. All patients underwent an anthropometric, general clinical, biochemical study of blood serum with the determination of platelets, prothrombin time ratio, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity organs with elastometry, followed by statistical data processing. Results. Among patients with NAFLD, class 2 obesity and overweight (30.6 % each), class 1 obesity (27.8 %) prevailed. At the same time, according to the controlled attenuation parameter, 38.9 % of people had a severe degree of steatosis, 33.3 % — moderate and 27.8 % — mild. Regarding the indicators of hemostasis, a significant increase in the level of fibrinogen up to (4.9 ± 0.5) g/l was detected in 44.4 % of patients, its severity tended to grow with an increase in the degree of hepatic steatosis. Conclusions. In 44.4 % of NAFLD patients, with an increase in the degree of hepatic steatosis, the tendency to hypercoagulability has grown with an increase in fibrinogen content by 1.6 times (p < 0.001). Changes in the international normalized ratio, prothrombin time ratio and platelets were determined in isolated cases: more than 83.3 % of patients with NAFLD didn’t have violations of these parameters.
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Conway, M. "Optimum | Tangible Hydra-PEG™ – Gaining Momentum in the Industry." EYE GLAZ 23, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2021-4-31-34.
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The issue of hydrophilicity of the surface of gas permeable contact lenses remains one of the persistent problems. Tangible Hydra-PEG™ surface coating is applied to gas permeable contact lenses to significantly improve wettability and wearing comfort. Although it is mainly used to alleviate dry eye symptoms in scleral and corneal lens users, particularly for those patients with corneal ectasia and/or Ocular Surface Disease (OSD), it can be used in other modalities. This article describes the development of the product and describes the benefits of its use in a clinical case.