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Journal articles on the topic '45s rRNA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Dyomin, Alexander, Svetlana Galkina, Arina Ilina, and Elena Gaginskaya. "Single Copies of the 5S rRNA Inserted into 45S rDNA Intergenic Spacers in the Genomes of Nototheniidae (Perciformes, Actinopterygii)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087376.

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In the vast majority of Animalia genomes, the 5S rRNA gene repeats are located on chromosomes outside of the 45S rDNA arrays of the nucleolar organiser (NOR). We analysed the genomic databases available and found that a 5S rDNA sequence is inserted into the intergenic spacer (IGS) between the 45S rDNA repeats in ten species of the family Nototheniidae (Perciformes, Actinopterigii). We call this sequence the NOR-5S rRNA gene. Along with Testudines and Crocodilia, this is the second case of a close association between four rRNA genes within one repetitive unit in deuterostomes. In both cases, NO

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2

Delorme-Hinoux, Valérie, Assane Mbodj, Sophie Brando, et al. "45S rDNA Diversity In Natura as One Step towards Ribosomal Heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plants 12, no. 14 (2023): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12142722.

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The keystone of ribosome biogenesis is the transcription of 45S rDNA. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains hundreds of 45S rDNA units; however, they are not all transcribed. Notably, 45S rDNA units contain insertions/deletions revealing the existence of heterogeneous rRNA genes and, likely, heterogeneous ribosomes for rRNAs. In order to obtain an overall picture of 45S rDNA diversity sustaining the synthesis of rRNAs and, subsequently, of ribosomes in natura, we took advantage of 320 new occurrences of Arabidopsis thaliana as a metapopulation named At66, sampled from 0 to 1900 m of altitud

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3

Arai, Taiga, Kensuke Ishiguro, Satoshi Kimura, Yuriko Sakaguchi, Takeo Suzuki, and Tsutomu Suzuki. "Single methylation of 23S rRNA triggers late steps of 50S ribosomal subunit assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 34 (2015): E4707—E4716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506749112.

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Ribosome biogenesis requires multiple assembly factors. In Escherichia coli, deletion of RlmE, the methyltransferase responsible for the 2′-O-methyluridine modification at position 2552 (Um2552) in helix 92 of the 23S rRNA, results in slow growth and accumulation of the 45S particle. We demonstrate that the 45S particle that accumulates in ΔrlmE is a genuine precursor that can be assembled into the 50S subunit. Indeed, 50S formation from the 45S precursor could be promoted by RlmE-mediated Um2552 formation in vitro. Ribosomal protein L36 (encoded by rpmJ) was completely absent from the 45S pre

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4

Harrington, C. A., and D. M. Chikaraishi. "Transcription of spacer sequences flanking the rat 45S ribosomal DNA gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 1 (1987): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.1.314-325.1987.

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The transcriptional activity of spacer sequences flanking the rat 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene were studied. Nascent RNA labeled in in vitro nuclear run-on reactions hybridized with both 5' and 3' spacer regions. The highest level of hybridization was seen with an rDNA fragment containing tandem repeats of a 130-base-pair sequence upstream of the 45S rRNA initiation site. Synthesis of RNA transcripts homologous to this internally repetitious spacer region was insensitive to high levels of alpha-amanitin, suggesting that it is mediated by RNA polymerase I. Analysis of steady-state RNA showed t

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5

Harrington, C. A., and D. M. Chikaraishi. "Transcription of spacer sequences flanking the rat 45S ribosomal DNA gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 1 (1987): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.1.314.

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The transcriptional activity of spacer sequences flanking the rat 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene were studied. Nascent RNA labeled in in vitro nuclear run-on reactions hybridized with both 5' and 3' spacer regions. The highest level of hybridization was seen with an rDNA fragment containing tandem repeats of a 130-base-pair sequence upstream of the 45S rRNA initiation site. Synthesis of RNA transcripts homologous to this internally repetitious spacer region was insensitive to high levels of alpha-amanitin, suggesting that it is mediated by RNA polymerase I. Analysis of steady-state RNA showed t

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6

Dunn, Sianadh, Olivia Lombardi, and Victoria H. Cowling. "c-Myc co-ordinates mRNA cap methylation and ribosomal RNA production." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 3 (2017): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160930.

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The mRNA cap is a structure added to RNA pol II transcripts in eukaryotes, which recruits factors involved in RNA processing, nuclear export and translation initiation. RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT)–RNA-activating miniprotein (RAM), the mRNA cap methyltransferase complex, completes the basic functional mRNA cap structure, cap 0, by methylating the cap guanosine. Here, we report that RNMT–RAM co-ordinates mRNA processing with ribosome production. Suppression of RNMT–RAM reduces synthesis of the 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor. RNMT–RAM is required for c-Myc expression, a major regul

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7

Rabanal, Fernando A., Viktoria Nizhynska, Terezie Mandáková, et al. "Unstable Inheritance of 45S rRNA Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 7, no. 4 (2017): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.040204.

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8

Stec, Michael J., David L. Mayhew, and Marcas M. Bamman. "The effects of age and resistance loading on skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 8 (2015): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2015.

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The hypertrophic response to resistance training is generally attenuated with aging; yet the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are largely unknown. Several studies to date have shown blunted translational efficiency following acute resistance exercise in older adults; however, the effects on translational capacity (i.e., ribosome biogenesis) have not yet been examined. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine changes in markers of ribosome biogenesis following an acute bout of resistance loading (RL; 9 sets × 10 repetitions of knee extensions) in younger (Y; n = 14; 39.2 ± 4.1 yr) and

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9

Locati, Mauro D., Johanna F. B. Pagano, Farah Abdullah, et al. "Identifying small RNAs derived from maternal- and somatic-type rRNAs in zebrafish development." Genome 61, no. 5 (2018): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0202.

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rRNAs are non-coding RNAs present in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes there are four rRNAs: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, originating from a common precursor (45S), and 5S. We have recently discovered the existence of two distinct developmental types of rRNA: a maternal-type, present in eggs and a somatic-type, expressed in adult tissues. Lately, next-generation sequencing has allowed the discovery of new small-RNAs deriving from longer non-coding RNAs, including small-RNAs from rRNAs (srRNAs). Here, we systemically investigated srRNAs of maternal- or somatic-type 18S, 5.8S, 28S, with small-RNA

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10

Sergeeva, Olga, Philipp Sergeev, Pavel Melnikov, Tatiana Prikazchikova, Olga Dontsova, and Timofei Zatsepin. "Modification of Adenosine196 by Mettl3 Methyltransferase in the 5’-External Transcribed Spacer of 47S Pre-rRNA Affects rRNA Maturation." Cells 9, no. 4 (2020): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9041061.

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Ribosome biogenesis is among the founding processes in the cell. During the first stages of ribosome biogenesis, polycistronic precursor of ribosomal RNA passes complex multistage maturation after transcription. Quality control of preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing is precisely regulated by non-ribosomal proteins and structural features of pre-rRNA molecules, including modified nucleotides. However, many participants of rRNA maturation are still unknown or poorly characterized. We report that RNA m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 interacts with the 5′ external transcribed spacer (5′ETS) of the

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11

Lopez, Francesca B., Antoine Fort, Luca Tadini, et al. "Gene dosage compensation of rRNA transcript levels in Arabidopsis thaliana lines with reduced ribosomal gene copy number." Plant Cell 33, no. 4 (2021): 1135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab020.

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Abstract The 45S rRNA genes (rDNA) are among the largest repetitive elements in eukaryotic genomes. rDNA consists of tandem arrays of rRNA genes, many of which are transcriptionally silenced. Silent rDNA repeats may act as ‘back-up’ copies for ribosome biogenesis and have nuclear organization roles. Through Cas9-mediated genome editing in the Arabidopsis thaliana female gametophyte, we reduced 45S rDNA copy number (CN) to a plateau of ∼10%. Two independent lines had rDNA CNs reduced by up to 90% at the T7 generation, named low copy number (LCN) lines. Despite drastic reduction of rDNA copies,

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12

Jung, Ji Hoon, Eun Jung Sohn, Eun Ah Shin, et al. "Melatonin Suppresses the Expression of 45S Preribosomal RNA and Upstream Binding Factor and Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Puromycin in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/879746.

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Since the dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is closely associated with tumor progression, in the current study, the critical role of ribosome biogenesis related signaling was investigated in melatonin and/or puromycin induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Despite its weak cytotoxicity, melatonin from 3 mM attenuated the expression of 45S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), UBF as a nucleolar transcription factor, and fibrillarin at mRNA level and consistently downregulated nucleolar proteins such as UBF and fibrillarin at protein level in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, immunofluore

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13

Radzioch, D., M. Clayton, and L. Varesio. "Interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma augment the levels of rRNA precursors in peritoneal macrophages but not in macrophage cell lines and fibroblasts." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 3 (1987): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.3.805.

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Abstract We have studied the ribosomal RNA content in murine peritoneal macrophages activated to cytotoxicity with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), interferon-beta (IFN-beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Total RNA was purified from IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma activated macrophages, and Northern blot analysis was performed by using subcloned fragments specific for precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) as probes. All types of interferon (alpha, beta, gamma) at the doses normalized for induction of cytotoxic activity caused accumulation of 45S, 41S, and 36S pre-rRNA. In contrast, the levels of 32S pre-RNA

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14

Maciak, Sebastian, Katarzyna Michalak, Shiv D. Kale, and Pawel Michalak. "Nucleolar Dominance and Repression of 45S Ribosomal RNA Genes in Hybrids between Xenopus borealis and X. muelleri (2n = 36)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 149, no. 4 (2016): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450665.

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Nucleolar dominance is a dramatic disruption in the formation of nucleoli and the expression of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, characteristic of some plant and animal hybrids. Here, we report that F1 hybrids produced from reciprocal crosses between 2 sister species of Xenopus clawed frogs, X. muelleri and X. borealis, undergo nucleolar dominance somewhat distinct from a pattern previously reported in hybrids between phylogenetically more distant Xenopus species. Patterns of nucleolar development, 45S rRNA expression, and gene copy inheritance were investigated using a combination of immunostainin

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15

Michalak, Katarzyna, Sebastian Maciak, Young Bun Kim, et al. "Nucleolar dominance and maternal control of 45S rDNA expression." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1820 (2015): 20152201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2201.

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Using a system of interspecies hybrids, trihybrids, and recombinants with varying proportions of genomes from three distinct Xenopus species, we provide evidence for de novo epigenetic silencing of paternal 45S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes and their species-dependent expression dominance that escapes transcriptional inactivation after homologous recombination. The same pattern of imprinting is maintained in the offspring from mothers being genetic males (ZZ) sex-reversed to females, indicating that maternal control of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) expression is not sex-chro

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16

Ali, Hoda B. M., Martin A. Lysak, and Ingo Schubert. "Chromosomal localization of rDNA in the Brassicaceae." Genome 48, no. 2 (2005): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-116.

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A survey is given about the number and chromosomal position of rDNA loci in 45 Brassicaceae species. For 34 species, 5S and 45S rDNA loci have been localized by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization for the first time. These data show the variability of rDNA within karyotypes of the Brassicaceae, provide anchor points for (comparative) genetic maps, and might be important for studies on concerted evolution of internal transcribed sequence types of rDNA in cruciferous plants.Key words: Brassicaceae, 5S and 45S rRNA genes, rDNA, FISH.

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17

Sochorová, Jana, Francisco Gálvez, Roman Matyášek, Sònia Garcia, and Aleš Kovařík. "Analyses of the Updated “Animal rDNA Loci Database” with an Emphasis on Its New Features." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (2021): 11403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111403.

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We report on a major update to the animal rDNA loci database, which now contains cytogenetic information for 45S and 5S rDNA loci in more than 2600 and 1000 species, respectively. The data analyses show the following: (i) A high variability in 5S and 45S loci numbers, with both showing 50-fold or higher variability. However, karyotypes with an extremely high number of loci were rare, and medians generally converged to two 5S sites and two 45S rDNA sites per diploid genome. No relationship was observed between the number of 5S and 45S loci. (ii) The position of 45S rDNA on sex chromosomes was r

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18

Vilchinskaya, N. A., K. V. Sergeeva, S. А. Tyganov, B. S. Shenkman, and Т. М. Mirzoev. "ROLE OF THE MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED CHANNELS IN THE REGULATION OF ANABOLIC MARKERS IN THE ISOLATED RAT POSTURAL MUSCLE IN RESPONSE TO PASSIVE STRETCHING." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 58, no. 4 (2024): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2024-58-4-44-51.

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At present, the role of mechanically-activated (МА) channels in realization of anabolic processes in the anti-gravity postural muscles in response to passive stretching remains poorly explored. The purpose of our investigation was to define a potential role of МА-channels in activation of ribosome biogenesis and the ERK1/2-dependent pathway in isolated rat soleus muscle in response to mechanical loading induced by passive stretching. Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: 1) Control (m. soleus was not subjected to the action of a MA-channels inhibitor or MA-channels activator Piezo1); 2) Gd3+

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19

Dundr, Miroslav, and Mark O. J. Olson. "Partially Processed pre-rRNA Is Preserved in Association with Processing Components in Nucleolus-derived Foci during Mitosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 9 (1998): 2407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.9.2407.

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Previous studies showed that components implicated in pre-rRNA processing, including U3 small nucleolar (sno)RNA, fibrillarin, nucleolin, and proteins B23 and p52, accumulate in perichromosomal regions and in numerous mitotic cytoplasmic particles, termed nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) between early anaphase and late telophase. The latter structures were analyzed for the presence of pre-rRNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes for segments of pre-rRNA with known half-lives. The NDF did not contain the short-lived 5′-external transcribed spacer (ETS) leader segment upstream from th

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20

Chen, Jin-Feng, Jack E. Staub, Jeffrey W. Adelberg, and Jiming Jiang. "Physical mapping of 45S rRNA genes in Cucumis species by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (1999): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-226.

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The chromosomal locations of the genes coding for the 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA was investigated in Cucumis species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n = 2x = 14) possesses four pairs of rDNA loci that were mapped to chromosomes 1C, 2C, 4C, and 7C. The distinctive hybridization sites of the 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA genes provide several useful cytogenetic markers for identification of chromosomes in C. sativus. The 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA genes have also been detected on two chromosome pairs, one major and one minor pair of loci, in melon (Cucumis melo L., 2n = 2x = 24) and o

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21

Marschner, Sylvia, Armin Meister, Frank R. Blattner, and Andreas Houben. "Evolution and function of B chromosome 45S rDNA sequences in Brachycome dichromosomatica." Genome 50, no. 7 (2007): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-048.

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The origin and activity of 45S rDNA located on micro B chromosomes of the daisy Brachycome dichromosomatica were analysed. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the 45S rRNA gene was sequenced for micro B, large B, and A chromosomes of B. dichromosomatica cytodeme A2, and conserved differences were identified between sequences originating from A and both types of B chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis did not identify a species containing an ITS2 sequence more similar to either of the B chromosome sequences than the B. dichromosomatica A chromosome sequences. Thus, an origin of the B chrom

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Makabe, So, Reiko Motohashi, and Ikuo Nakamura. "Growth increase of Arabidopsis by forced expression of rice 45S rRNA gene." Plant Cell Reports 36, no. 2 (2016): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2075-y.

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23

Cassidy, B. G., H. F. Yang-Yen, and L. I. Rothblum. "Additional RNA polymerase I initiation site within the nontranscribed spacer region of the rat rRNA gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (1987): 2388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2388-2396.1987.

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We identified and characterized an additional promoter within the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) of the rat ribosomal gene repeat that is capable of supporting initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I in vitro. Within this promoter there is a sequence of 13 nucleotides which is 100% homologous to nucleotides -18 to -6 (+1 being the first nucleotide of 45S rRNA) of the major promoter of 45S pre-rRNA and is located between nucleotides -731 and -719. To identify the exact location of the upstream initiation site, the RNA synthesized in vitro from this new promoter was gel isolated and subject

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Cassidy, B. G., H. F. Yang-Yen, and L. I. Rothblum. "Additional RNA polymerase I initiation site within the nontranscribed spacer region of the rat rRNA gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (1987): 2388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2388.

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We identified and characterized an additional promoter within the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) of the rat ribosomal gene repeat that is capable of supporting initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I in vitro. Within this promoter there is a sequence of 13 nucleotides which is 100% homologous to nucleotides -18 to -6 (+1 being the first nucleotide of 45S rRNA) of the major promoter of 45S pre-rRNA and is located between nucleotides -731 and -719. To identify the exact location of the upstream initiation site, the RNA synthesized in vitro from this new promoter was gel isolated and subject

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Gokhman, Vladimir E., and Valentina G. Kuznetsova. "Structure and Evolution of Ribosomal Genes of Insect Chromosomes." Insects 15, no. 8 (2024): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15080593.

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Currently, clusters of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been studied in about 1000 and 100 species of the class Insecta, respectively. Although the number of insect species with known 45S rDNA clusters (also referred to as nucleolus-organizing regions, or NORs) constitutes less than 0.1 percent of the described members of this enormous group, certain conclusions can already be drawn. Since haploid karyotypes with single 45S and 5S rDNA clusters predominate in both basal and derived insect groups, this character state is apparently ancestral for the class Insecta in general. Nevertheless, t

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Larson, D. E., P. Zahradka, and B. H. Sells. "Control points in eucaryotic ribosome biogenesis." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, no. 1 (1991): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-002.

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Ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotic cells involves the coordinated synthesis of four rRNA species, transcribed by RNA polymerase I (18S, 28S, 5.8S) and RNA polymerase III (5S), and approximately 80 ribosomal proteins translated from mRNAs synthesized by RNA polymerase II. Assembly of the ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus, the site of 45S rRNA precursor gene transcription, requires the movement of 5S rRNA and ribosomal proteins from the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, respectively, to this structure. To integrate these events and ensure the balanced production of individual ribosomal components, dif

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Liu, Guangxin, Xiaoling Zhang, Yue Lan, et al. "Karyotype and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of 15 Lilium Species from China." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 4 (2017): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04094-17.

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Karyotype comparison and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted to analyze the wild Lilium species distributed in China. The karyotype results revealed that all species except Lilium lancifolium (2n = 3X = 36) were diploid and had two pairs of metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotypes of all species are similar. FISH analysis revealed that there are 5–12 45S rRNA gene loci dispersed on the chromosomes of the 14 diploid species, and 15 45S rRNA gene loci were detected in the triploid species L. lancifolium. Most of the FISH signals were detected on the long arm

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Nguyen, Truong Xuan, Sung-Il Lee, Rameshwar Rai, Nam-Soo Kim, and Jong Hwa Kim. "Ribosomal DNA locus variation and REMAP analysis of the diploid and triploid complexes of Lilium lancifolium." Genome 59, no. 8 (2016): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0011.

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Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (2n = 2x = 24) is a cytologically conspicuous species with both diploids and triploids in nature. Cytological and molecular genetic analyses were carried out in both diploids and triploids that were collected from 55 geographical locations in Korea, Japan, and China. While the 5S rRNA gene loci were located at duplicated loci on the long arm of chromosome 2, the 45S rRNA gene loci were present in chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11. While the loci on chromosomes 1 and 7 were constant, the loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, and 11 were variable in some plants so that the L.

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Sasso, Emanuele, Monica Vitale, Francesca Monteleone, et al. "Binding of Carbonic Anhydrase IX to 45S rDNA Genes Is Prevented by Exportin-1 in Hypoxic Cells." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/674920.

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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a surrogate marker of hypoxia, involved in survival and pH regulation in hypoxic cells. We have recently characterized its interactome, describing a set of proteins interacting with CA IX, mainly in hypoxic cells, including several members of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling apparatuses. Accordingly, we described complex subcellular localization for this enzyme in human cells, as well as the redistribution of a carbonic anhydrase IX pool to nucleoli during hypoxia. Starting from this evidence, we analyzed the possible contribution of carbonic anhydrase IX to tra

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Zhu, Pan, Yuqiu Wang, Nanxun Qin, et al. "Arabidopsis small nucleolar RNA monitors the efficient pre-rRNA processing during ribosome biogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (2016): 11967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614852113.

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Ribosome production in eukaryotes requires the complex and precise coordination of several hundred assembly factors, including many small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). However, at present, the distinct role of key snoRNAs in ribosome biogenesis remains poorly understood in higher plants. Here we report that a previously uncharacterized C (RUGAUGA)/D (CUGA) type snoRNA, HIDDEN TREASURE 2 (HID2), acts as an important regulator of ribosome biogenesis through a snoRNA–rRNA interaction. Nucleolus-localized HID2 is actively expressed in Arabidopsis proliferative tissues, whereas defects in HID2 cause a

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Gong, Zhiyun, Chao Xue, Mingliang Zhang, Rui Guo, Yong Zhou, and Guoxin Shi. "Physical Localization and DNA Methylation of 45S rRNA Gene Loci in Jatropha curcas L." PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (2013): e84284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084284.

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Lakshmanan, Prabhu Shankar, Laere Katrijn Van, Tom Eeckhaut, Huylenbroeck Johan Van, Bockstaele Erik Van, and Ludmila Khrustaleva. "Karyotype analysis and visualization of 45S rRNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in aroids (Araceae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 9, no. (2) (2015): 145–60. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i2.4366.

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Karyotype analysis and FISH mapping using 45S rDNA sequences on 6 economically important plant species Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex André, 1877, Monstera deliciosa Liebmann, 1849, Philodendron scandens Koch & Sello, 1853, Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel, 1877, Syngonium auritum (Linnaeus, 1759) Schott, 1829 and Zantedeschia elliottiana (Knight, 1890) Engler, 1915 within the monocotyledonous family Araceae (aroids) were performed. Chromosome numbers varied between 2n=2x=24 and 2n=2x=60 and the chromosome length varied between 15.77 µm and 1.87 µm. No correlation between chromosome numbers an

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She, Chao-Wen, Xiang-Hui Jiang, and Chun-Ping He. "Comparative karyotype analysis of eight Cucurbitaceae crops using fluorochrome banding and 45S rDNA-FISH." Comparative Cytogenetics 17, no. 1 (2023): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v17.i1.99236.

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To have an insight into the karyotype variation of eight Cucurbitaceae crops including Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, 1753, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, 1753, Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg, 1794) Matsumura et Nakai, 1916, Benincasa hispida (Thunberg, 1784) Cogniaux, 1881, Momordica charantia Linnaeus, 1753, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus, 1753) Roemer, 1846, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida (Thunberg, 1783) Hara, 1948 and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret, 1819, well morphologically differentiated mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared using the enzymatic maceration and flame-drying method, and the ch

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She, Chao-Wen, Xiang-Hui Jiang, and Chun-Ping He. "Comparative karyotype analysis of eight Cucurbitaceae crops using fluorochrome banding and 45S rDNA-FISH." Comparative Cytogenetics 17, no. (1) (2023): 31–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v17.i1.99236.

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To have an insight into the karyotype variation of eight Cucurbitaceae crops including Cucumis sativus Linnaeus, 1753, Cucumis melo Linnaeus, 1753, Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg, 1794) Matsumura et Nakai, 1916, Benincasa hispida (Thunberg, 1784) Cogniaux, 1881, Momordica charantia Linnaeus, 1753, Luffa cylindrica (Linnaeus, 1753) Roemer, 1846, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida (Thunberg, 1783) Hara, 1948 and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poiret, 1819, well morphologically differentiated mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared using the enzymatic maceration and flame-drying method, and the ch

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Tran, Trang Thi Quynh, Trang Hien Do, Tung The Pham, et al. "Hypermethylation at 45S rDNA promoter in cancers." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0311085. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311085.

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The ribosomal genes (rDNA genes) encode 47S rRNA which accounts for up to 80% of all cellular RNA. At any given time, no more than 50% of rDNA genes are actively transcribed, and the other half is silent by forming heterochromatin structures through DNA methylation. In cancer cells, upregulation of ribosome biogenesis has been recognized as a hallmark feature, thus, the reduced methylation of rDNA promoter has been thought to support conformational changes of chromatin accessibility and the subsequent increase in rDNA transcription. However, an increase in the heterochromatin state through rDN

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Idziak, Dominika, and Robert Hasterok. "Cytogenetic evidence of nucleolar dominance in allotetraploid species of Brachypodium." Genome 51, no. 5 (2008): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g08-017.

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Sequential silver staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to establish activity and number of 45S rDNA sites in meristematic root tip cells of 6 ecotypes of allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 30) species of Brachypodium and their putative ancestors, B. distachyon (2n = 2x = 10) and ABR114 (2n = 2x = 20). Using either total nuclear DNA of ABR114 or the ABR1-63-E6 BAC clone from a B. distachyon genomic library as an auxiliary probe, it was possible to distinguish by FISH between the two genomes composing the ecotypes of allotetraploid Brachypodium species and to determine unambig

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Sirri, Valentina, Alice Grob, Jérémy Berthelet, Nathalie Jourdan, and Pascal Roussel. "Sirtuin 7 promotes 45S pre-rRNA cleavage at site 2 and determines the processing pathway." Journal of Cell Science 132, no. 17 (2019): jcs228601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.228601.

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Tsoi, H., K. C. Lam, Y. Dong, et al. "Pre-45s rRNA promotes colon cancer and is associated with poor survival of CRC patients." Oncogene 36, no. 44 (2017): 6109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/onc.2017.86.

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Wang, Kai, Qi Huang, Zhiwei Yang, Kezong Qi, Hongmei Liu, and Hongjun Chen. "Alternative reverse genetics system for influenza viruses based on a synthesized swine 45S rRNA promoter." Virus Genes 53, no. 4 (2017): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-017-1457-8.

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Kotani, Takaya, Junya Takegaki, Ryo Takagi, Koichi Nakazato, and Naokata Ishii. "Consecutive bouts of electrical stimulation-induced contractions alter ribosome biogenesis in rat skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 6 (2019): 1673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2018.

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Ribosome biogenesis has been implicated in resistance exercise training (RET)-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. However, it is unclear how increasing bouts of RET affects ribosome content and biogenesis. This was investigated in the present study using simulated RET where rat skeletal muscle is subjected to increasing bouts of electrical stimulation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following seven groups: sedentary for 5 days (SED) or 6 wk (SED_6w), resistance-exercise trained with 1 bout (1B), 2 bouts (2B), 3 bouts (3B), 6 bouts (6B), and 18 bouts (18B). RET was simulated

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Grozdanov, Petar N., and Luchezar Karagyozov. "The Mouse Ribosomal DNA Amplification Promoting Sequence 1 is Highly Methylated and Repeated in the Genome." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 9-10 (2002): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-9-1023.

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Upstream of the mouse 45S pre-ribosomal RNA promoter there are regions that are involved in enhancement of pre-rRNA transcription, origin of replication and promotion of amplification. We report that in different mouse strains and cell lines the enhancer region, which overlaps with the origin of replication, is hypo-methylated. Contrary to that the amplification- promoting sequences 1 and 2, identified upstream in the intergenic spacer, are hypermethylated. Hybridization results also suggest that amplification-promoting sequence 1 is repeated in the genome.

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Scaldaferro, Marisel A., M. Victoria Romero da Cruz, Nicolás M. Cecchini, and Eduardo A. Moscone. "FISH and AgNor mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated species of Capsicum (Solananceae)." Genome 59, no. 2 (2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099.

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Chromosome number and position of rDNA were studied in 12 wild and cultivated species of the genus Capsicum with chromosome numbers x = 12 and x = 13 (22 samples). For the first time in these species, the 5S and 45S rRNA loci were localized and physically mapped using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and AgNOR banding. We focused on the comparison of the results obtained with both methods with the aim of accurately revealing the real functional rRNA genes. The analyzes were based on a previous work that reported that the 18S–5.8S–25S loci mostly coincide with GC-rich heterochromati

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Jehangir, Maryam, Syed Farhan Ahmad, Adauto Lima Cardoso, Guilherme Targino Valente, and Cesar Martins. "FISH mapping of 45S rRNA and IHHB genes on autosomes and B chromosome of cichlid fish Astatotilapia latifasciata." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp175.

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B chromosomes (B) are supernumerary, additional and non-homologous to standard (A) chromosomes. Significant biological questions concerning the origin and structural organization of Bs are under discussion. Previous reports found that B chromosomes are enriched with repetitive elements and can carry functional genes. The present study is aimed to extend our knowledge of the structure and composition of B chromosomes. We have combined cytogenetics and genomics approaches to undertsand the B chromosome problem. Cytogenetics analysis, applied to cichlid fish Astatotilapia latifasciata, revealed t

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Sadova, A. A., D. Yu Panteleev, and G. V. Pavlova. "Human rDNA Structure, Expression, and Non-Canonical Functions: the Role of Non-Coding Regions." Молекулярная биология 57, no. 3 (2023): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0026898423030084.

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The review is dedicated to analyzing and summarizing the data on the part of human genome encoding 45S rRNA. The sequences which seem evolutionary conserved on the first glance astonish one with their variability in structure and a variety of functions on closer examination. The major part of rDNA is non-coding and contains regulatory elements, protein binding sites, pseudogenes, repetitive sequences, and microRNA genes. Ribosomal intergenic spacers are not only in charge with the nucleolus morphology and functioning, namely, the rRNA expression and ribosome biogenesis, but also control nuclea

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von Walden, Ferdinand, Vandre Casagrande, Ann-Kristin Östlund Farrants, and Gustavo A. Nader. "Mechanical loading induces the expression of a Pol I regulon at the onset of skeletal muscle hypertrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 302, no. 10 (2012): C1523—C1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00460.2011.

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The main goal of the present study was to investigate the regulation of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene transcription at the onset of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Mice were subjected to functional overload of the plantaris by bilateral removal of the synergist muscles. Mechanical loading resulted in muscle hypertrophy with an increase in rRNA content. rDNA transcription, as determined by 45S pre-rRNA abundance, paralleled the increase in rRNA content and was consistent with the onset of the hypertrophic response. Increased transcription and protein expression of c-Myc and its downstream polymerase I

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Van Laere, Katrijn, Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan, Tom Eeckhaut, Johan Van Huylenbroeck, Erik Van Bockstaele, and Ludmila Khrustaleva. "Karyotype analysis and visualization of 45S rRNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in aroids (Araceae)." Comparative Cytogenetics 9, no. 2 (2015): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v9i2.4366.

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Chen, Jin-Feng, Jack E. Staub, Jeffrey W. Adelberg, and Jiming Jiang. "Physical mapping of 45S rRNA genes in Cucumis species by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 3 (1999): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-77-3-389.

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Sadova, Anastasia A., Dmitry Y. Panteleev, and Galina V. Pavlova. "Zooming in: PAGE-Northern Blot Helps to Analyze Anti-Sense Transcripts Originating from Human rIGS under Transcriptional Stress." Non-Coding RNA 7, no. 3 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7030050.

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Ribosomal intergenic spacer (rIGS), located between the 45S rRNA coding arrays in humans, is a deep, unexplored source of small and long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed in certain conditions to help a cell generate a stress response, pass through a differentiation state or fine tune the functioning of the nucleolus as a ribosome biogenesis center of the cell. Many of the non-coding transcripts originating from the rIGS are not characterized to date. Here, we confirm the transcriptional activity of the region laying a 2 kb upstream of the rRNA promoter, and demonstrate its altered expressi

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Li, Zaiyun, J. Cartagena, and K. Fukui. "Simultaneous Detection of 5S and 45S rRNA Genes in Orychophragmus violaceus by Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization." CYTOLOGIA 70, no. 4 (2005): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.70.459.

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Son, Jae-Han, Kyong-Cheul Park, Tae-Won Kim, Young-Jin Park, Jung-Hoon Kang, and Nam-Soo Kim. "Sequence diversification of 45S rRNA ITS, trnH-psbA spacer, and matK genic regions in several Allium species." Genes & Genomics 32, no. 2 (2010): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13258-009-0849-0.

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