Academic literature on the topic '4D development'

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Journal articles on the topic "4D development"

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Tanaka, Hirokazu, and Mutsuko Sasaki. "Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 3 (2010): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1146.

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Abstract The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three-dimensions in realtime during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal behavior, especially fetal whole-body movements and facial expressions in all three trimesters of pregnancy and the continuation of behavior from the fetal to neonatal period. Moreover, we introduce a new scoring system (KANET, Kurjak Antenatal Neurological Test) for assessment of the fetal neurological status using 4D ultrasound. 4D ultrasound also facilitated the evaluation of inter-human contact in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal behavior and inter-twin contact, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional ultrasound. 4D ultrasound should become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to ascertain the role of 4D ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavioral development.
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Yamasaki, Kenichi, Naoki Suzuki, Asaki Hattori, Akihiro Takatsu, and Akihiko Uchiyama. "The Development of 4D Muscle Model for 4D Quantitative Movement Analysis." Journal of Japan Society of Computer Aided Surgery 2, no. 1 (2000): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5759/jscas1999.2.22.

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Li, Xin, Jianzhong Shang, and Zhuo Wang. "Intelligent materials: a review of applications in 4D printing." Assembly Automation 37, no. 2 (2017): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-11-2015-093.

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Purpose The paper aims to promote the development of intelligent materials and the 4D printing technology by introducing recent advances and applications of additive layered manufacturing (ALM) technology of intelligent materials and the development of the 4D printing technology. Also, an arm-type ALM technology of shape memory polymer (SMP) with thermosetting polyurethane is briefly introduced. Design/methodology/approach This paper begins with an overview of the development and applications of intelligent materials around the world and the 4D printing technology. Then, the authors provide a brief outline of their research on arm-type ALM technology of SMP with thermosetting polyurethane. Findings The paper provides the recent developments and applications of intelligent materials and 4D printing technology. Then, it is suggested that intelligent materials mixed with different functional materials will be developed, and these types of materials will be more suitable for 4D printing. Originality/value This paper overviews the current developments and applications of intelligent materials and its use in 4D printing technology, and briefly states the authors’ research on arm-type ALM technology of SMP with thermosetting polyurethane.
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Indaryanti, Rosita Budi, Harsono Harsono, Sutama Sutama, Budi Murtiyasa, and Bambang Soemardjoko. "4D Research and Development Model: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Review." Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah 25, no. 1 (2025): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.31599/na7deq07.

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The 4D model—Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate—is a widely recognized framework for research and development (R&D), particularly in educational innovation. This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the implementation trends, challenges, and opportunities of the 4D model across various fields, analyzing 50 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2013 and 2023 using PRISMA guidelines. Results indicate that the 4D model is predominantly applied in educational contexts, such as curriculum design and instructional material development, with limited adoption in non-educational sectors. Major challenges include a lack of empirical validation and difficulties in adapting the model to multidisciplinary applications. Opportunities for enhancing the 4D model include integration with contemporary methodologies, such as agile approaches and artificial intelligence. This study provides recommendations for future research and practical insights to broaden the applicability and impact of the 4D model.
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Lupeikis, Kęstutis, and Algimantas M. Mačiulis. "4D ARCHITEKTŪROJE." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 35, no. 1 (2011): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2011.04.

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Recently, among other processes in modern architecture, a lot more attention is expressed towards the fourth dimension (4D). This process is caused as an opposition to pragmatic functionalism, utilitarity, unification, formal deconstructyvism, sophistication. The expression of 4D in contemporary architecture is an intention to change the face of modern architecture, giving it more expressiveness, modern innovation. It results in specific aims and priorities of architectural expression. Architecture of today contains a variety of artistic areas (video, installation, painting, sculpture, graphics) as integral parts of its surface or internal structures. A building becomes an object of interdisciplinary art. The integration of interactive hypersurfaces in exteriors and interiors leads to various aspects of 4D in modern architecture. The paper discusses various aspects of 4D in architecture, excluding several marginal cases showing a wide range of aspects and priorities. Santrauka Pastaruoju metu, šalia kitų reiškinių, šiuolaikinėje architektūroje vis aktyviau reiškiasi ketvirtosios dimensijos vaidmuo. Šį procesą lemia priešprieša pragmatiškam funkcionalizmui, utilitarumui, unifikacijai, formaliam dekonstrukciniam laužymui, įmantrumui, daugžodžiavimui. 4D raišką šiuolaikinėje architektūroje formuoja siekis keisti architektūros „veidą“, suteikiant jai daugiau išraiškingumo, įtaigumo ir šiuolaikinio novatoriškumo. Tai lemia specifinius architektūrinės raiškos tikslus ir prioritetus. Šiuolaikinė architektūra įtraukia į save įvairių meno krypčių (videomenas, instaliacija, tapyba, skulptūra, grafika) elementus ne kaip atskirus meno objektus, o kaip neatsiejamus pastato paviršiaus ar vidaus struktūrinius darinius. Pastatas tampa tarpdisciplininiu meno objektu. Interaktyvių hiperpaviršių integravimasis eksterjere ir interjere lemia įvairius ketvirtosios dimensijos aspektus šiuolaikinėje architektūroje, kurie ir yra nagrinėjami šiame straipsnyje. Straipsnyje aptariami įvairūs ketvirtosios dimensijos šiuolaikinėje architektūroje aspektai ir sritys, išskiriami kraštutiniai, charakteringi atvejai, atspindintys platų tikslų ir prioritetų diapazoną. Aptariami, autorių manymu, charakteringiausi šios raiškos atvejai, daugiausiai dėmesio skiriant hiperpaviršių įtakai ketvirtosios dimensijos pasireiškimui šiuolaikinėje architektūroje.
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Lukin, Izeia, Saioa Musquiz, Itsasne Erezuma, et al. "Can 4D bioprinting revolutionize drug development?" Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 14, no. 10 (2019): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2019.1636781.

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Gorbi Irawan, Ade, Ni nyoman Padmadewi, and Luh Putu Artini. "Instructional materials development through 4D model." SHS Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 00086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184200086.

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This research aimed at developing Instructional materials for the second semester students in economy faculty of Panji Sakti University. This research was a Research and Development (R & D) study. The type of the research was 4D model The steps of this study were: (1)Define,(2) Design, (3)Develop, and (3)Disseminate. In the “Define” step, There were two questionnaires employed in the research: (1) needs analysis questionnaire (2) expert judgment questionnaire. The needs analysis questionnaire was distributed to the students to identify the target needs and the learning needs of the students. The expert judgment questionnaire was used to evaluate the material. The data from the needs analysis questionnaire were analyzed using frequency and percentage and the results were then used as the basis to design and develop the materials, while the data from the expert judgment questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the findings from the materials evaluation, the content, the language, the presentation, and the layout of the materials are appropriate. The mean score of all aspects of the developed materials was 4.18. This indicates that the developed material is categorized as excellence material.
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Herr, Meryl. "The 4D-R Method of Imagining the Future, Part 2: Considerations on Design, Development, and Use." Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 14, no. 2 (2017): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073989131701400213.

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To fill a methodological gap in vocational discipleship methods, the author developed the 4D-R method for vocational discipleship. The author then embedded the 4D-R method in a reflective journal and conducted a qualitative study to understand adult evangelical Christians' experience with the 4D-R method. This article presents findings related to the design, development, and use of the 4D-R method.
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Zhang, Li, and Tian-liang Jin. "Predictive value and accuracy of prenatal four-dimensional color ultrasound for fetal abnormal development." Medicine 102, no. 32 (2023): e34553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034553.

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To investigate the value and accuracy of prenatal GE-E10 ultrasound Equipment in predicting fetal abnormal development. 160 pregnant women and women who received prenatal ultrasound examination were selected. Before delivery, all pregnant women were examined by conventional two-dimensional and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound. 18 fetuses with abnormal development were detected by gold standard in 160 pregnant women. Sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional color ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormal development were 78.38% and 82.60%. The sensitivity and specificity of 4D color ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormal development were 81.15% and 83.43%. ROC showed that the AUC (0.873) of 4D color ultrasound was higher than that of two-dimensional color ultrasound (0.827). The diagnostic efficiency of 4D ultrasound is greater. The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of 4D color ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal abnormal development is high, and it is valuable for prenatal screening of macrosomia and low birth weight.
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Izeli, Maíra Gabriela Borges, Marcos Hexsel Grochau, Fabio Tatsuya Gomes Makino, et al. "Impact of 4D FWI for development and production of a Brazilian presalt carbonate reservoir." Leading Edge 44, no. 7 (2025): 532–39. https://doi.org/10.1190/tle44070532.1.

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The use of 4D seismic data for increasing production and recovery factor (RF) in siliciclastic oil field reservoirs is well established. However, in the carbonate rocks of the Brazilian presalt, which are stiff, deep (approximately 5 km), and heterogeneous, the 4D signal is weaker and presumably would require higher repeatability between base and monitor acquisitions. In a pilot project with streamer (preproduction) and nodes acquisitions, processing algorithms were tested to overcome the low repeatability. The 4D full-waveform inversion (FWI) proved to be effective in providing high-quality 4D signal related to saturation variations in the field. The surprisingly high quality of the fast-track data already provided information on layer property variations in a shorter time than conventional workflows. The results highlight the impact of 4D FWI on the management and development of a presalt field in Brazil. Gas saturation variations were confidently interpreted, as well as the rise of the oil-water contact. Preferred permeability directions are being refined, and this set of information allows for greater robustness in adjustments of geologic and flow models and better positioning of new injectors and producers. The results of this study pave the way for the application of 4D FWI in other presalt fields, potentially amplifying the economic impact.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "4D development"

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HEDLUNDH, SANDRA, and FRIDA NYBERG. "Development and implementation of 4D modeling in a Gigafactory." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299332.

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The auto manufacturing industry has experienced a shift towards a lower carbon trajectory, resulting in new fleets of electric vehicles. The trajectory has put the supply chain in motion and the demand for lithium-ion batteries has increased significantly. The expected growth within the energy storage industry has led to companies starting to produce lithium-ion batteries. The production facilities, called Gigafactories, involve a large number of international suppliers, highly complex process steps as well as strict environmental requirements. In Sweden, Northvolt has become a frontrunner for high-quality green batteries and has recently started to build its Gigafactory in Skellefteå. Northvolt has aimed to implement 4D modeling in the Gigafactory in Skellefteå. 4D modelling has been within the construction industry for about two decades. The technology within planning and 3D modelling has evolved further to generate more advanced simulations. 4D modeling has its core in pure construction processes and the research of using 4D modeling for production facilities is scarce. The purpose was to foresee potential problems in the construction process at an early stage to increase efficiency, while quality-checking the installation process. Furthermore, there is a research gap within using 4D modeling for automated, large-scale production facilities. For a Gigafactory, multiple aspects and departments need to be involved to define a 4D development process that will bring value to the organization. The implementation process for 4D modeling was designed for Northvolt’s Blueprint team, which is responsible for fast and cost-efficient scale-up for the production facilities with improvements in operations and project deliveries. The focus of the implementation process was primarily on developing 4D modeling for the installation of equipment but was required to allow scalability of other areas in the construction. The presented implementation process is defined by practically developing 4D modeling in a Gigafactory. The process was developed in several iterations to add value with identified attributes. In addition, the involved departments' ways of working were aligned, which improved communication and thereby minimized the challenge of having design and planning separated. When developing an implementation process for 4D modeling in a Gigafactory, established workflows and clear internal structures were needed. The main challenge of implementing 4D modeling is to automate the workflow to eliminate the risk of human errors. The result was a semiautomated process to manage the program's lack of interactions. An additional investigation was made to clarify that an automated process could be designed in-house for future 4D projects.<br>Bilindustrin har som mål att minska koldioxidutsläppen vilket har resulterat i ett ökat intresse för elektriska fordon. Detta har skapat förändringar i materialflöden med en ökad efterfrågan av litiumjonbatterier. Den ökade tillväxten inom energilagring har lett till att organisationer inlett produktion av litiumjonbatterier i stora anläggningarna, så kallade Gigafabriker. Dessa fabriker involverar flertalet internationella leverantörer, komplexa processer samt strikta miljöer med höga krav på renlighet och luftfuktighet. I Sverige har Northvolt blivit en ledare för dessa gröna batterier och började nyligen bygga en Gigafabrik i Skellefteå. Northvolt vill implementera 4D-modellering i Gigafabriken för att tidigt kunna förutse och åtgärda potentiella problem. Modellering i fyra dimensioner (4D) har funnits på marknaden i ungefär två årtionden, men det är först nu som tekniken finns på plats för att kunna skapa mer avancerade simuleringar. 4D-modellering har sin grund inom bygg- och konstruktionsindustrin, medan användandet i produktionsanläggningar är minimal. Att implementera 4D-modellering i Gigafabriken i Skellefteå skulle öka effektiviteten och samtidigt kvalitetssäkra installationsprocessen. Flera avdelningar behöver vara involverade för att utveckla 4Dmodellering som ger värde för organisationen. Vidare så saknas det forskning om att använda 4Dmodellering i automatiserade och storskaliga produktionsanläggningar. Implementeringsprocessen av 4D-modellering designades för Blueprint teamet på Northvolt. Teamet är ansvariga för snabba, skalbara och kostnadseffektiva produktionsanläggningar som förbättrar drift och projektleveranser. Syftet med studien var att utveckla implementeringsprocessen för 4D-modellering med fokus på installation av maskiner. Därutöver så behövde utvecklingsprocessen även vara skalbar för att inkludera andra områden i konstruktionen. Den presenterade implementeringsprocessen är framtagen genom att praktiskt utveckla 4Dmodellering i flera iterationer för att integrera värdet av de identifierade attributen. Genom att arbetsmetoderna anpassades för 4D-modellering kunde kommunikationen inom organisationen förbättras och därmed minska utmaningarna med separata avdelningar. När 4D-modellering ska implementeras måste arbetssätt och interna strukturer vara tydliga och väldefinierade. Den största utmaningen med att implementera 4D-modellering är att automatisera arbetsflödet för att minska risken för den mänskliga faktorn. Resultatet blev en semi-automatiserad process för att hantera programmens brist på interaktion. En ytterligare undersökning visade att en automatiserad process kunde utvecklas in-house för framtida 4D-projekt.
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Wright, Richard James. "4D seismic analysis of the Hibernia oil field, Grand Banks, Canada /." Internet access available to MUN users only:, 2004. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,16342.

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Lin, Lan. "Development and clinical application of an integrated treatment planning platform for 4D radiotherapy : a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400966621&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Carabana, Garcia Claudia. "Defining cell fate specification of mouse Mammary Stem Cells in 4D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS055.

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SPÉCIFICATION DU DESTIN CELLULAIRE DES CELLULES SOUCHES MAMMAIRES EN 4DAu cours du développement, une coordination entre la spécification du destin cellulaire et la morphogenèse tissulaire est nécessaire à la formation des organes. Par conséquent, la façon dont différents types de cellules se différencient dans le temps et l'espace reste une question majeure en biologie du développement.La glande mammaire est constituée d'un épithélium ramifié composé d'une couche externe de cellules basales (BCs) et d'un compartiment interne de cellules luminales (LCs). Dans ce tissu, l'homéostasie adulte est exclusivement maintenue par des progéniteurs unipotents, alors que des cellules souches mammaires multipotentes (MaSC) ne se trouvent que dans la glande embryonnaire, ce qui en fait un paradigme tissulaire idéal pour étudier leur comportement dynamique et leur contribution à la morphogenèse tissulaire.HYPOTHÈSE DE TRAVAILNous avons récemment montré que les cellules souches mammaires deviennent unipotentes lors de la tubulogenèse de la glande, suggérant un lien étroit entre spécification cellulaire et morphogenèse. Notre hypothèse implique que la perte de multipotence soit liée aux remaniements cellulaires qui guident la morphogenèse. Cependant, le moment exact et les mécanismes responsables du passage de la multipotence à l'unipotence sont encore inconnus.OBJECTIF ET MÉTHODOLOGIEL'objectif principal de ce projet était d'intégrer les circuits transcriptionnels définissant le potentiel de différenciation des cellules souches à l'analyse de la morphogenèse cellulaire et tissulaire en temps réel, afin de déchiffrer les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l'acquisition de l'identité cellulaire et d'étudier la coordination entre spécification des cellules souches et morphogenèse. Nous avons abordé cet objectif ambitieux en combinant deux approches : 1) des analyses transcriptomiques en cellule unique intégrées dans l’espace, au cours du développement mammaire, et 2) une approche de suivi du lignage en temps réel dans des cultures mammaires embryonnaires ex vivo, afin d'étudier les comportements et réarrangements cellulaires au cours des premières phases de la croissance mammaire.RÉSULTATSNous avons constaté que la restriction du potentiel des cellules souches est progressive pendant le développement embryonnaire. Par transcriptomique sur cellules uniques, nous avons pu distinguer trois types cellulaires distincts très tôt (E15). L'intégration dans l’espace de ces données transcriptomiques nous a révélé que des cellules de type BC et LC sont positionnées différemment dans le bourgeon mammaire très précocement. Cette analyse a donc révélé de nouveaux marqueurs moléculaires des LC et BC embryonnaires, qui ne peuvent pas être distingués avec les marqueurs mammaires adultes connus.De plus, nous avons défini les signatures transcriptionnelles qui distinguent deux populations de cellules stromales mammaires embryonnaires délimitées dans l'espace. Nous avons aussi montré qu’une signalisation paracrine du mésenchyme aux cellules épithéliales, via Fgf10-Fgfr2, influence la morphogenèse de la glande mammaire.Nous avons ensuite développé une approche d’analyse d’images semi-automatique aux niveaux cellulaire et tissulaire dans nos explants mammaires analysés par microscopie time-lapse. Nous montrons que les étapes initiales de la morphogenèse sont caractérisées par des réarrangements cellulaires très dynamiques. De plus, l'activation épithéliale de la beta-catenin empêche la formation de branches, indiquant que Wnt est un régulateur essentiel de la morphogenèse mammaire.Ces travaux mettent en lumière les circuits transcriptionnels qui régissent le branchement mammaire et qui lient la différenciation des cellules souches à leur dynamique cellulaire pendant la morphogenèse. Les mécanismes ainsi dévoilés nous fournissent des biomarqueurs potentiels du cancer du sein, qui résulte souvent de la réactivation de programmes de multipotence embryonnaires<br>DEFINING CELL FATE SPECIFICATION OF MOUSE MAMMARY STEM CELLS IN 4DCoordination of cell fate specification and branching morphogenesis is necessary to generate an organ with its specialized final structure and function. Accordingly, how different cell types are specified in a tightly regulated manner in time and space, in order to drive the morphogenesis of a complex tissue, remains a major question in the field of developmental biology.The mammary gland (MG) consists in a branched bi-layered epithelium composed of an outer layer of basal cells (BCs) and an inner compartment of polarised luminal cells (LCs). In this tissue, adult homeostasis is exclusively maintained by lineage-restricted unipotent progenitors, whereas multipotent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) are only found in the embryonic gland, making it an ideal tissue paradigm to study stem cell dynamics and lineage specification, as well as their contribution to tissue morphogenesis.WORKING HYPOTHESISOur recent results showed that multipotent MaSCs become lineage-restricted around embryonic day E15.5, coinciding with the first morphogenetic events that establish the mammary ductal network. We thus hypothesized that loss of multipotency in the mammary gland was linked to cell rearrangements, leading to the branching of embryonic mammary buds. However, the exact timing and the mechanisms responsible for the switch from multipotency to unipotency during embryonic MG are still unknown.AIM AND METHODOLOGYThe overarching aim of this project was to characterise the stem cell dynamics underlying MaSCs differentiation during MG development, and to define the transcriptional signals underpinning this process. We have approached this ambitious objective combining two approaches: 1) single-cell RNA sequencing analysis at different embryonic times, to discover which signals determine cell identity during mammary development, and 2) a live lineage tracing approach in ex vivo embryonic mammary cultures to study dynamic cell behaviours and rearrangements during the earliest phases of mammary growth.RESULTSWe found that lineage restriction is a progressive developmental process. By single cell transcriptomics, we identified a single population of mammary epithelial cells at E13.5, but we could distinguish three transcriptionally distinct cell subsets at E15.5, which included luminal-like, basal-like and hybrid cells co-expressing luminal and basal genes. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed that the basal-like and luminal-like clusters were indeed already spatially restricted in the embryonic mammary bud, being positioned either in close proximity to the basement membrane or in the inner bud region, respectively. Importantly, this analysis revealed novel molecular markers of committing LCs and BCs, that cannot be distinguished with known adult MG markers.Additionally, we report the transcriptional signatures distinguishing two spatially restricted embryonic mammary mesenchymal cell populations, representing sub-epithelial and dermal mesenchyme. Long-term live-imaging revealed that paracrine signalling from embryonic mesenchyme to epithelial cells, via Fgf10-Fgfr2, influences epithelial branching.We then developed a deep learning-based pipeline to semi-automatically track individual cells and tissue branches in embryonic mammary explants analysed by time-lapse microscopy. We show that the initial steps of morphogenesis are characterized by highly dynamic cell rearrangements in the growing branch tips. However, forced activation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in the embryonic mammary epithelium precluded branching in vivo and ex vivo, indicating that epithelial Wnt signalling is an essential regulator of mammary branching morphogenesis.This work sheds light on the timing and mechanisms governing mammary cell fate decisions, providing potential biomarkers of breast cancer, which often arises from reactivation of embryonic multipotency programs
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Kunieda, Yoichiro. "Development of an impact assessment tool for demolition." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715294.

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Currently in the field of demolition, which generates most of the waste in the construction industry, the treatment of waste largely relies on landfill or degraded recycling, which leads to significant consumption of natural resource and energy and a shortage of landfill site. In order to improve the inefficiency of demolition waste recovery, “to suggest improvements in the environmental impact of the demolition industry in UK” was set as the aim of the present research. After the identification of few opportunities for communication between demolishers and constructers in the current social system, a collaboration support system between these two stakeholders called ‘Demolition Project Mapping’ (DPM) system was suggested. In the system, the impact evaluation tool developed in the 4D-CAD software is applied to the demolition project simulation. This tool allows the users to dynamically simulate the impact of project planning which can be designed in the tool. In the pilot study, the simulation result shows the large potential to reduce the impact (e.g. 28% for the cost) by the tool application.
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Bock, Jelena [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Burkhardt. "Development and testing of new strategies for pre-processing and analysis of 4D flow-senisitive mri data = Entwicklung und Erprobung neuer Strategien zur Bearbeitung und Analyse von 4D flusssensitiven MR Daten." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1123475733/34.

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Thomas, Rowena. "Development of resonant inelastic X-ray metal catalysts scattering spectroscopy for 4d and 5d transition metal catalysts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354566/.

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Feng, Yan. "Development and implementation of quadratically distorted (QD) grating and grisms system for 4D multi-colour microscopy imaging (MCMI)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3190.

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The recent emergence of super-resolution microscopy imaging techniques has surpassed the diffraction limit to improve image resolution. Contrary to the breakthroughs of spatial resolution, high temporal resolution remains a challenge. This dissertation demonstrates a simple, on axis, 4D (3D + time) multi-colour microscopy imaging (MCMI) technology that delivers simultaneous 3D broadband imaging over cellular volumes, which is especially applicable to the real-time imaging of fast moving biospecimens. Quadratically distorted (QD) grating, in the form of an off axis-Fresnel zone plate, images multiple object planes simultaneously on a single image plane. A delicate mathematical model of 2D QD grating has been established and implemented in the design and optimization of QD grating. Grism, a blazed grating and prism combination, achieves chromatic control in the 4D multi-plane imaging. A pair of grisms, whose separation can be varied, provide a collimated beam with a tuneable chromatic shear from a collimated polychromatic input. The optical system based on QD grating and grisms has been simply appended to the camera port of a commercial microscope, and a few bioimaging tests have been performed, i.e. the 4D chromatically corrected imaging of fluorescence microspheres, MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Further investigation of bioimaging problems is still in progress.
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Morton, Natasha Elizabeth. "Improving thoracic imaging for radiation therapy: The development and translation of patient adaptive computed tomography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28950.

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Radiotherapy is a lifesaving cancer treatment using radiation to kill cancer cells. Effective treatment requires accuracy and precision, directing radiation to the cancer while avoiding healthy tissue. As such, in-depth knowledge of the cancer’s size, location and surroundings is required for planning radiation delivery. For regions under motion, such as the thorax, spatial-temporal imaging (4D CT) is required to gain an understanding of how the anatomy will move during treatment. Current 4D CT techniques fail to adapt to a changing patient, resulting in inaccurate images and reduced confidence in treatment planning. This thesis presents the development and implementation of the next generation of 4D CT, patient adaptive CT imaging. Adaptive CT is a software solution that adapts the 4D CT imaging process to patient motion signals (respiratory changes and cardiac function), with the goal of improving image accuracy. There are three main studies around which this body of work focuses. The first outlines steps towards the clinical translation of adaptive CT, comparing adaptive CT to standard 4D CT imaging techniques. The second outlines the development for future applications and improvements of adaptive CT. Delving into limitations of the system itself, an in-silico analysis of the system and scanner parameters on image quality is detailed. The universality of the system is discussed and techniques for inter-brand compatibility are explored. The third details the expansion of adaptive CT for emerging radiation therapy indications. Cardiac motion is incorporated into the adaptive CT software and a detailed feasibility study is presented with implications for centrally located lung cancer and non-invasive cardiac radioablation treatments. Overall, this body of work presents the advancement of patient adaptive CT imaging, providing superior images for radiation therapy treatment planning and opening up 4D CT imaging for new treatment paradigms.
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Silva, Pedro Emanuel Santos. "Development of new structures with helical filaments." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22960.

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Doutoramento em Nanociências e Nanotecnologia<br>O entrelaçamento de estruturas filamentares marcou um passo importante na evolução da humanidade. Vários tipos de filamentos são usados em tecidos, cordas e, mais recentemente em micro e nanoestruturas. Esta tese oferece um contributo que pode ser relevante para as àreas do têxtil, nanotecnologias e campos relacionados com a ciência dos materiais. Nesta tese, são descritos métodos para produzir micro e nanofibras com diferentes propriedades físicas de acordo com formatos pré-estabelecidos nas estruturas. Alguns destes métodos são inspirados em sistemas naturais, onde as estruturas contêm topologias específicas para ultrapassar diferentes tarefas. Em particular, fibras helicoidais são produzidas experimentalmente usando a técnica de electrofiação. Em segundo lugar, é introduzido uma generalização do conceito das perversões. Perversões são ocorrências geométricas que invertem o sentido de rotação de estruturas helicoidais. As perversões aparecem quando filamentos, com as extremidades constrangidas, enrolam e adoptam formas helicoidal mas têm de conservar a torção total. Mostramos que é possível obter matematicamente e experimentalmente uma variedade contínua de perversões diferentes que apresentam diferentes geometrias. Experimentalmente, diferentes perversões são geradas irradiando microfibras electrofiadas com ciclos de irradiação de luz UV e máscaras opacas. Os resultados experimentais confirmam também que os diferentes tipos de perversões têm comportamentos distintos quando libertadas e adoptam configurações finais diferentes. Do mesmo modo, usando uma abordagem experimental semelhante, são obtidas hélices com diferentes curvaturas alternadamente. É observado que, durante o relaxamento das fibras, as regiões com curvatura intrínseca maior, começam a enrolar primeiro, enquanto as regiões com curvatura intrínseca menor permanecem alongadas até a um ponto em que começam a enrolar depois. Todos os efeitos observados experimentalmente estão em concordância com simulações computacionais realizadas para modelar a dinâmica de filamentos com curvatura intrínseca. Os resultados experimentais e computacionais demonstram que é possível controlar com precisão a forma de microfilamentos modificando as propriedades mecânicas da superfície das fibras, em vez de depender arranjos moleculares específicos. Por último, descrevemos duas abordagens para obter entrelaçamentos com fibras helicoidais usando exclusivamente interacções mecânicas. A ligação nos tecidos é gerada, no primeiro caso, fazendo enrolar as perversões entre os filamentos adjacentes e, no segundo caso, entrelaçando as voltas das hélices dos filamentos. Simulações computacionais mostram como tecidos podem ser gerados com sucesso usando cada uma das ideias para criar ligações entre as fibras.<br>The entanglement of filamentary structures marked an important step in mankind evolution. Filaments appear in fabrics, ropes and, more recently, in micro and nanostructures. This thesis offers a contribution that can be relevant to the fields of textiles, nanotechnologies and materials science in general. In this thesis, we present methods for shaping micro and nanofibres on demand and with different physical properties. Some of these methods are inspired in natural systems, where structures have specific topologies to fulfil different tasks. In particular, it will be discussed how fibres with helical shape can be produced using the electrospinning technique. Secondly, we introduce a generalization of the concept of perversions. Perversions are geometrical occurrences that reverse the handedness of connected helices. Perversions arise when clamped filaments coil into a helical shape but must conserve zero overall twist. We show mathematically and experimentally that a continuous range of different perversions can exist and present different geometries. Experimentally, different perversions are generated by using irradiated micro electrospun fibres with cycles of UV light and opaque masks. Experimental results also confirm that different types of perversions behave differently upon release and adopt different final configurations. We also produce filaments containing helices with alternating curvatures. It is observed that, upon release, the regions with higher curvature start to curl first, while regions with lower intrinsic curvature remain stretched until start to curl later. All the effects observed in experiments is in good agreement with computational simulations performed to model the dynamics of filaments with intrinsic curvature. The experimental and computational results showed that the precise control of the shape of microfilaments can be achieved by changing the properties of the fibres surface, instead of relying on material’s molecular arrangements. Finally, we describe two approaches to entangle helical filaments by using exclusively mechanical interactions. The linkage in fabrics is generated, in the first case, by winding perversions between neighbouring filaments and, in the second case, by intertwining helical loops of the filaments. Computational simulations show how fabrics can be generated by using both approaches to create links between the fibres.
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Books on the topic "4D development"

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name, No. 4D CAD and visualization in construction: Developments and applications. Balkema, 2002.

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A, Issa Raja R., Flood Ian, and O'Brien William J, eds. 4D CAD and visualization in construction: Developments and applications. A.A. Balkema Publishers, 2003.

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Valušytė, Rūta, Alessandro Biamonti, and Cabirio Cautela. 4D Designing Development Developing Design. Conference Proceedings. KTU leidykla "Technologija", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/e01.9786090213766.

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Valušytė, Rūta, Alessandro Biamonti, and Cabirio Cautela, eds. 4D Designing Development Developing Design. Conference Proceedings. KTU leidykla "Technologija", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/e01.9786090214114.

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4D leadership: Competitive advantage through vertical leadership development. Kogan Page, 2016.

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4D Hyperlocal: A Cultural Toolkit for the Open-Source City. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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O'Brien, W., Raymond Issa, and I. Flood. 4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications. CRC Press LLC, 2012.

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O'Brien, W., Raymond Issa, and I. Flood. 4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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O'Brien, W., Raymond Issa, and I. Flood. 4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "4D development"

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Kumar, Vinay, Rupinder Singh, and Inderpreet Singh Ahuja. "In-house Development of Smart Materials for 4D Printing." In 4D Imaging to 4D Printing. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003205531-6.

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Cook, John. "The 4D framework." In The Companion to Development Studies, 4th ed. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429282348-54.

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Zolfagharian, Ali, Mir Irfan Ul Haq, Marwan Nafea, and Mahdi Bodaghi. "4D Printing of Smart Magnetic-Based Robotic Materials." In 3D Printing and Sustainable Product Development. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003306238-12.

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Elghaish, Faris, Farzad Pour Rahimian, Tara Brooks, Nashwan Dawood, and Sepehr Abrishami. "An Automated 4D BIM Model Development and Optimization." In Blockchain of Things and Deep Learning Applications in Construction. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06829-4_8.

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Saarela, Ulla, and Ilya Skovorodkin. "Time-Lapse Technologies and 4D Imaging of Kidney Development." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9021-4_14.

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Takeshita, Hideko, Satoshi Hirata, Tomoko Sakai, and Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi. "Fetal Behavioral Development and Brain Growth in Chimpanzees Versus Humans: A View from Studies with 4D Ultrasonography." In Fetal Development. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22023-9_4.

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Hindi, Sherif S. Z., Uthman M. Dawoud, and Mona O. Albureikan. "Challenges of Bioplastics as Bioinks for 3D and 4D Bioprinting of Human Tissue-Engineered Structures." In Bioplastics for Sustainable Development. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1823-9_23.

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Prodinger, Barbara, and Barbara Neuhofer. "Multisensory VR Experiences in Destination Management." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94751-4_15.

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AbstractThe rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the high level of consumer acceptance have made it increasingly complex to retain loyal customers. Virtual Reality (VR) has become a solution that allows tourism providers to design technology-enhanced experiences along the entire customer journey. While most VR offers focus on pre-travel experiences, the potential of VR in the post-travel phase is still little explored. Considering that multisensory tourism experiences contribute to memory formation, the multisensory extension of VR (4D VR) in post-travel experiences is of interest. Thus, through a quantitative field experiment, this study aims to detect what effect the stimulation of different senses during the use of VR has on the overall experience and how this influences the brand relationship quality. The results revealed elevated levels of technology acceptance, which consequently enhances the traveler’s overall VR experience. The multisensory component positively affects one realm of an experience in the area of escapism and thus correlates with the overall experience. However, there is no significant difference between 3D and 4D regarding the level of brand relationship quality. The study expands the literature on 4D VR experiences and supports tourism practitioners in the implementation to strengthen the relationship between a destination and its guests.
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Hatori, Fumio, Kouji Satou, Joji Onodera, and Yuichi Yashiro. "Development of BIM-Based 4D Simulation System for Construction Schedule Planning." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_39.

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Endo, Masahiro, Takanori Tsunoo, Susumu Kandatsu, et al. "Development and performance evaluation of the first model of 4D CT-scanner." In CARS 2002 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56168-9_61.

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Conference papers on the topic "4D development"

1

Qian Eu, Kenji Zhong, Man Qi Goi, Yousif Saad Alshebly, Kai Feng Bong, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali, and Marwan Nafea. "Development of Bioinspired 4D-Printed PLA Grippers." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2cacis61270.2024.10649824.

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Parab, Surabhi, Artur Wolek, Dipankar Maity, and Andrew Willis. "Real-Time Simulation of Complex 4D Wind Fields and Gusts for UAS Control System Development." In 2025 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas65942.2025.11007887.

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Baines, Demetric, Yonghua Yan, Tanaji Sen, and Jean-Francois Ostiguy. "Vlasov Project: 4D Code Development." In Vlasov Project: 4D Code Development. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1996935.

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А. Милашин, В. "4D – терминологическая неточность?" У Geomodel 2010 - 12th EAGE science and applied research conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development. EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201404582.

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Foreste, K., M. Kleemeyer, A. Altintas, J. T. Robertson, and J. Stammeijer. "4D Seismic Integration to Field Development Plan." In First Workshop on Far East Hydrocarbons 2011. EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144294.

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Carter, John N., Tim P. Monks, C. N. Paulson, and C. H. Shadle. "Design and development of a 4D scanner." In San Diego '92, edited by Andrew G. Tescher. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.139058.

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Tong, Ka Jun, Yousif Saad Alshebly, and Marwan Nafea. "Development of a 4D-Printed PLA Microgripper." In 2021 IEEE 19th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scored53546.2021.9652719.

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Lee, Wei Han, Yousif Saad Alshebly, Mohamed Sultan Mohamed Ali, and Marwan Nafea. "Development of a 4D Printed Variable Stiffness Gripper." In 2022 IEEE 20th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scored57082.2022.9973965.

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Gat, Nahum, Gordon Scriven, John Garman, Ming De Li, and Jingyi Zhang. "Development of four-dimensional imaging spectrometers (4D-IS)." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Sylvia S. Shen and Paul E. Lewis. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.678082.

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Neep, J., and K. Koryakova. "4D Rock Physics Modelling for UKCS Development Areas." In 84th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202310509.

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Reports on the topic "4D development"

1

Moore, Andrew M., Ralph F. Milliff, and Hernan G. Arango. Continued Development of 4D-Variational Data Assimilation and Adjoint-Based Methods of Sensitivity Analysis and Applications Using ROMS. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613575.

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Moore, Andrew M., Ralph F. Milliff, and Hernan G. Arango. Continued Development of 4D-Variational Data Assimilation and Adjoint-Based Methods of Sensitivity Analysis and Applications Using ROMS. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573386.

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MURPH, SIMONA. MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR 3D/4D ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) TECHNOLOGIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1676417.

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SESSIONS, HENRY. MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR 3D/4D ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (AM) TECHNOLOGIES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838344.

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