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Journal articles on the topic '4G LTE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

kapse, Kirti, and Prof Raju kamble. "4G LTE and LTE-Advanced using Simulation." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 2 (2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-09268084.

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2

Ulfah, Maria, and . "Analysis of the Addition e Node B in 4G LTE Network for Coverage Area." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.25 (August 14, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.25.17475.

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As the number of LTE 4G network subscribers increases, telecom operators must expand their coverage area to be able to serve the telecommunications needs of customers. Research on 4G LTE is still interesting to be studied because 4G LTE network is still developed.This study discusses the effect of the addition of e Node B to the coverage area of 4G LTE network. The research method used is survey, simulation. This research is done by taking data of telecommunication operator in north Balikpapan. From the research results for the 4G LTE network need to add 4 e Node B from 14 to 18 e Node B. By addition of e Node B number increased coverage area of 4G LTE network from 89.108 km2 to 132 km2

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3

Fan, Xin Xin, Teng Wu, and Guang Gong. "An Efficient Stream Cipher WG-16 and its Application for Securing 4G-LTE Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1436.

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The fourth generation of mobile telecommunications system (marketed as 4G-LTE) is being commercially and widely deployed. Security mechanisms are crucial to protect communications of mobile users from potential malicious attacks as well as to ensure revenue for 4G-LTE network operators. The randomness properties of the keystream generated by the current cipher suites in 4G-LTE standard are difficult to analyze and some vulnerabilities with regard to the integrity algorithms have been recently discovered. To address those issues, we present a detailed specification and security analysis of a bit-oriented stream cipher WG-16 as well as the corresponding confidentiality and integrity algorithms in this paper. Our experimental results on smartphones and comparisons with the cipher suites in 4G-LTE standard demonstrate that WG-16 is a competitive candidate for securing the emerging 4G-LTE networks.

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4

黄, 金城. "Emergency Communication Network Based on 4G LTE." Software Engineering and Applications 09, no. 04 (2020): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sea.2020.94037.

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5

Ulfah, Maria. "Analisa Coverage Area Jaringan 4G LTE." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu) 5, no. 1 (April 11, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v5i1.213.

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6

Irtaza, Syed Ali, Aamir Habib, and Qamar-ul Islam. "Optimal Decoders for 4G LTE Communication." Lecture Notes on Information Theory 1, no. 4 (2013): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/lnit.1.4.170-174.

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7

Utama, Rangga Yudha. "Analisis Tekno Ekonomi Kelayakan Migrasi Jaringan 2G/3G ke 4G LTE Pada Frekuensi 900 MHz dan 1800 MHz di DKI Jakarta." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v7i1.1164.

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Tantangan penyediaan jaringan komunikasi nirkabel yang handaldengan kapasitas sistem yang tinggi tidak terlepas dari biaya investasiyang tinggi. Pemanfaatan resource spectrum secara efisien yangsemaksimal mungkin merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasibiaya investasi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini mem-fokuskan pada analisistekno ekonomi implementasi secara co-existance antara jaringan 2G/3Gexisting dan 4G LTE sesuai dengan tingkat prosentase pertumbuhanpelanggan nirkabel layanan data (2015-2019) dengan membandingkanmana yang lebih ekonomis apakah menggunakan resource spektrumfrekuensi di 900MHz atau 1800MHz.Pada penelitian ini model analisa yang digunakan berdasarkan prinsiptekno-ekonomi dengan metoda capacity estimation dan coverageplanning untuk menentukan perancangan teknologi 4G LTE dan metodaDCF untuk menganalisa secara ekonomi dalam mengukur kelayakanbiaya yang dikeluarkan untuk implementasi 4G LTE tersebut denganmemanfaatkan resource spectrum frekuensi secara efisien pada operatorselluler Indosat Ooredoo.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa implementasi migrasi jaringan2G/3G ke 4G LTE pada frekuensi 1800MHz menggunakan bandwidth10 MHz dari perhitungan ekonomi menghasilkan hasil yang lebihefisien dan layak untuk di implementasikan. Diperoleh diperoleh nilaiNPV positif sebesar Rp107.749.194.676 dan IRR sebesar 31.07%,dengan nilai Pay Back Period 3 Tahun 6 Bulan. Dibandingkan denganpenggelaran 4G LTE pada frekuensi 900MHz dengan bandwidth 5MHzdiperoleh nilai NPV positif sebesar Rp 61.075.272.890, namun IRRhanya sebesar 1,71% (dibawah suku bunga perbankan), dengan nilaiPay Back Period 4 Tahun 1 Bulan.

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8

Ulfah, Maria, and Andi Sri Irtawaty. "OPTIMASI JARINGAN 4G LTE (LONG TERM EVOLUTION) PADA KOTA BALIKPAPAN." Jurnal ECOTIPE 5, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v5i2.645.

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) merupakan teknologi generasi ke empat (4G) yang dikembangkan oleh 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE mampu memberikan kecepatan downlink sampai dengan 100 Mbps dan uplink 50 Mbps. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk melakukan perancangan jaringan 4G LTE pada wilayah kota Balikpapan dengan target khusus untuk mengetahui kualitas perancangan jaringan 4G LTE di kota Balikpapan melalui parameter best signal level, nilai C/ (N+I), throughput, RSRP dan BLER dari perancangan yang telah dilakukan. Metode penelitian dilakukan melaui survey ke lokasi site-site e Node yag diperlukan untuk memperoleh gambaran langsung kodisi sekitar e Node B dilanjutkan proses plotting 126 site-site e Node B di wilayah kota Balikpapan kemudian yang dilanjutkan dengan proses simulasi perancangan jaringan menggunakan software Atoll. Dari hasil simulasi ini dapat diketahui kualitas perancangan jaringan 4G LTE kota Balikpapan dengan nilai-nilai parameter yang diinginkan seperti best signal level sebesar -69,72 dBm, nilai C / (N+I) sebesar 5,08. Untuk perfomansi throughput sebesar 11.8034 kbps, sedangkan nilai RSRP sebesar -115, 88 dBm serta nilai BLER sebesar 0,03 .

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9

Shen, Qi, and Ying Rui Zhao. "Research on the Development of Future Wireless Network." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.578.

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Wireless networks today can be divided into several phases, the first voice communication is based, that is 1g, the second phase, where we are in stage-based data traffic. In the third phase, will be mainly dominated by video, the need for new ways to optimize the network in order to prevent saturation. The future is 4G era. Now, based on 3G mobile communication technology has been successful in the global implementation of standardized and up. 4G standards battle has been engaged in fierce. For now it seems 3G technology in the WiMAX and LTE will be strong competitors in the future 4G standards. In this paper, we will talk about the 4G technology standard, WiMAX and LTE the basic characteristics of the key aspects of technology and application prospects of WiMAX and compare LTE and the development of future wireless networks.

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10

Evalina, Noorly. "Analisis Perbandingan Kualitas Jaringan 4G LTE Operator X Dan Y Di Wilayah Kampus Utama UMSU." Teknologi Rekayasa Jaringan Telekomunikasi (TRekRiTel) 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51510/trekritel.v1i1.396.

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A technology appears, namely Long Term Evolution (LTE), which is a fourth generation (4G) cellular network technology. This LTE can provide data transfer speeds of up to 100 Mbps on the downlink side and 50 Mbps on the uplink side. The growth in the number of telecommunication service users in Medan City has caused a decline in network quality, especially 4G LTE technology. By doing a drive test, it can be seen the areas where there is signal strength of a network which aims to improve the signal quality of a network. Benchmark (comparison) of 4G LTE operator service quality is done by measuring, comparing, and analyzing the network quality (performance) of two 4G LTE operators around the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra campus. The overall throughput value of operator X is only 0> 3 Mbps, while operator Y is 0> 30 Mbps. The very low throughput value is caused by high traffic users during the day, where the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra campus is actively studying and many students use data services. That way, people can find out the causes of the internet speed problems they feel when using the internet during the day.

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11

Parikh, Jolly, and Anuradha Basu. "LTE Advanced The 4G Mobile Broadband Technology." International Journal of Computer Applications 13, no. 5 (January 12, 2011): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/1776-2449.

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12

Ashraf, Eman, Nihal F., Ali Takieldeen, and Mohammed Abd-elazeem. "Novel Cryptographic Algorithm for 4G / LTE-A." International Journal of Computer Applications 163, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2017912921.

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13

Rinne, M., and O. Tirkkonen. "LTE, the radio technology path towards 4G." Computer Communications 33, no. 16 (October 2010): 1894–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2010.07.001.

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14

Yafiz, Muhammad, Ipan Suandi, and Rachmawati Rachmawati. "Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Jaringan 4G LTE antara Provider Smartfren dan Indosat Ooredoo di Wilayah Kota Lhokseumawe." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 17, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v17i2.1961.

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Di Indonesia kebanyakan provider menawarkan paket internet yang berbasis kuota. Sehingga hanya dua provider yang menawarkan layanan paket internet tanpa batas (unlimited), yakni provider Smartfren dan Indosat Ooredoo. Paket unlimited ini yang membuat kedua provider ini jelas berbeda dari provider lain. Akan tetapi jaringan 4G LTE dari kedua provider Smartfren dan Indosat Ooredoo masih terbatas di wilayah Kota Lhokseumawe. Dari masalah yang ada memunculkan sebuah solusi untuk menganalisa perbandingan kinerja jaringan 4G LTE antara kedua provider tersebut. Untuk dapat mengetahui bagaimana kinerja jaringan 4G-LTE dari provider Smartfren dan Indosat Ooredoo yaitu dengan mengukur parameter sinyal 4G LTE seperti RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, dan SNR. Parameter tersebut diukur dengan menggunakan aplikasi G-Net Track Pro dengan menggunakan metode drive test. Pada provider Smartfren, nilai range terbaik berada pada wilayah Uteun Bayi dengan nilai RSRP -64 dBm, RSSI -63 dBm, RSRQ -7 dB, dan SNR 25 dB, sedangkan nilai terburuk pada wilayah Kampung Kota dengan nilai RSRP -108 dBm, RSSI -67 dBm, RSRQ -11 dB dan SNR 8,6 dB. Nilai terbaik pada provider Indosat Ooredoo berada pada wilayah Uteun Bayi dengan nilai RSRP -78 dBm, RSSI -66 dBm, RSRQ -8 dB, dan SNR 20,4 dB, sedangkan nilai terburuk pada wilayah Kampung Jawa Baru dengan nilai range RSRP -104 dBm, RSSI -73 dBm, RSRQ -14 dB, dan SNR 2,8 dB. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan dan analisa data dapat dinyatakan bahwa kuat jaringan 4G-LTE pada provider Smartfren lebih baik dibandingkan kinerja pada provider Indosat Ooredoo

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15

Rangankar, Suresh B., and Nitiket Mhala. "Performing Analysis of Quality of Service Parameters of 4G Long Term Evolution in Health Care System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 5008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8556.

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a leading 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. LTE is expected to provide very fast, highly responsive and cost effective data services and appears itself to be the right technology at the right time. LTE is becoming an ultimate choice for 4G services around the world due to its higher data rates and lower latency objectives. E-Health services comprise a wide range of healthcare services delivered by utilizing information and communication technology. In order to help existing and emerging e-Health services over converged next generation network (NGN) architectures, there is a need for network QoS control mechanisms that meet the often stringent requirements of such services. The mobile Health (m-health) is currently uniting major academic research worldwide to achieve innovative arrangements in the areas of healthcare. However, there are several challenges and issues that need to be addressed. In this paper we have proposed m-health care system based on 4G LTE network communication instead of existing 3G communication system. We will be monitoring QoS parameters like Delay, Throughput, Jitter, Energy Efficiency and Packet Data Rate for comparing 3G and 4G LTE usage over health care applications. We will further experiment the parameters with graph based analysis.

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Xu, Zhigang, Xiaochi Li, Xiangmo Zhao, Michael H. Zhang, and Zhongren Wang. "DSRC versus 4G-LTE for Connected Vehicle Applications: A Study on Field Experiments of Vehicular Communication Performance." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2750452.

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Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and 4G-LTE are two widely used candidate schemes for Connected Vehicle (CV) applications. It is thus of great necessity to compare these two most viable communication standards and clarify which one can meet the requirements of most V2X scenarios with respect to road safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment. To the best of our knowledge, almost all the existing studies on comparing the feasibility of DRSC or LTE in V2X applications use software-based simulations, which may not represent realistic constraints. In this paper, a Connected Vehicle test-bed is established, which integrates the DSRC roadside units, 4G-LTE cellular communication stations, and vehicular on-board terminals. Three Connected Vehicle application scenarios are set as Collision Avoidance, Traffic Text Message Broadcast, and Multimedia File Download, respectively. A software tool is developed to record GPS positions/velocities of the test vehicles and record certain wireless communication performance indicators. The experiments have been carried out under different conditions. According to our results, 4G-LTE is more preferred for the nonsafety applications, such as traffic information transmission, file download, or Internet accessing, which does not necessarily require the high-speed real-time communication, while for the safety applications, such as Collision Avoidance or electronic traffic sign, DSRC outperforms the 4G-LTE.

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Dixit, Saurabh, Himanshu Katiyar, and Arun Kumar Singh. "MIMO Modes in LTE." International Journal of e-Collaboration 15, no. 2 (April 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2019040101.

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The multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is a key technology for fourth generation (4G) and beyond wireless communications. The MIMO exploits the space diversity to improve performance as well as augment its capacity. Long term evolution (LTE), the dominant 4G standard, operates in diverse MIMO modes, including spatial multiplexing, spatial diversity, and beamforming techniques to combine the advantages of spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. This article discusses the various modes in LTE and analyses the performance of the single input single output (SISO) and the single input multiple output (SIMO) modes with selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver end. multiplexing (OFDM) is the multiple. The analysis was done on different values of power decay factor and the different number of channel taps. The performance of MIMO configurations for varying power delay profiles and resolvable paths has been analyzed. It is inferred that the higher number of resolvable paths and a low scattering propagating environment augments the performance.

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Katkov, Yu, Yu Berezovska, Yu Pshenychnyi, M. Ryzhakov, and S. Prokopov. "ANALYSIS OF THREATS AND VARIABILITY AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF 4G/LTE TECHNOLOGY." Telecommunication and information technologies, no. 4 (2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31673/2412-4338.2019.042538.

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Oktauliah, Farah, Dodi Setiabudi, and Bambang Supeno. "ANALISA PERENCANAAN JARINGAN 4G LTE PADA GEDUNG A FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER MENGGUNAKAN RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION SIMULATOR 5.4." SINERGI 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2017.1.004.

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Kondisi gedung yang memiliki banyak ruangan juga terdapat banyak redaman yang mengakibatkan pelemahan sinyal sehingga diperlukan adanya perencanaan jaringan nirkabel. Tulisan ini membahas perencanaan jaringan 4G LTE pada Gedung A Fakultas Teknik Universitas Jember yang kemudian disimulasikan oleh perangkat lunak Radiowave Propagation Simulator (RPS) 5.4 dengan variasi pengambilan data berupa jenis antena dan letak ketinggian Femtocell Access Point (FAP). Perencanaan jaringan 4G LTE menggunakan metode propagasi indoor COST 231 Multi Wall diperoleh jumlah FAP yang dibutuhkan pada Lantai 1 sebesar 2 FAP, Lantai 2 sebesar 4 FAP, dan Lantai 3 sebesar 4 FAP. Analisa cakupan yang efektif pada perencanaan jaringan 4G LTE indoor diperoleh saat FAP menggunakan jenis isotropic antenna dan letak ketinggian FAP 2 meter dari permukaan lantai seperti pada Lantai 1 saat ketinggian FAP 2 meter dan menggunakan dipole antenna diperoleh mean level daya sebesar -88,04 dBm dan isotropic antenna diperoleh mean level daya sebesar -87,89 dBm, sedangkan saat FAP 3,5 meter menggunakan dipole antenna diperoleh mean level daya sebesar -88,89 dBm dan isotropic antenna diperoleh mean level daya sebesar -88,33 dBm. Perencanaan jaringan 4G LTE menggunakan RPS 5.4 dan metode COST 231 Multi Wall dapat diterapkan pada Gedung A Fakultas Teknik Universitas Jember.

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Shalini, Ms, and Anoop Tiwari. "Overview of Beyond 4G-LTE Wireless Transmission Technologies." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (July 10, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5334.

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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising applicant innovation for 5G cell systems. By and by MIMO-OFDM remote innovations are utilizing in 4G LTE development remote correspondence. This paper examine about the job of MIMO-OFDM and NOMA as principal contributing execution factors in past 4G LTE Remote Transmission Innovation from a specialized point of view. Long Term Evolution (LTE) utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) along with MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) reception apparatus innovation standard to accomplish high radio spectral efficiency and multicarrier approach for multiple accesses.

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M. Zaki, Rana, and Hala Bahjat Abdul wahab. "4G Network Security Algorithms: Overview." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 15, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i16.24175.

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<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">Long Term Evolution (LTE) of (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is one of the modern steps in series of mobile telecommunications systems. That appears to be a strong technology that meets the requirements of fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks and supports authentication and encryption mechanisms between User Equipment (UE) and Message Management Entity (MME). This paper provides an overview of the three most important algorithms that are considered the heart of LTE cryptographic algorithms (SNOW3G, AES, and ZUC) and a comparison between cipher key length and initial vector length to generate keystream depending on the structure used for each algorithm as each algorithm has a time of complexity and space of complexity that differs from the other security algorithm.</p><p class="0abstractCxSpLast"><strong> </strong></p>

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Naveed, Muhammad, Sameer Qazi, Syed Muhammad Atif, Bilal A. Khawaja, and Muhammad Mustaqim. "SCRAS Server-Based Crosslayer Rate-Adaptive Video Streaming over 4G-LTE for UAV-Based Surveillance Applications." Electronics 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2019): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080910.

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This research focuses on intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based, real-time video surveillance to ensure better monitoring and security of remote locations over 4G-LTE cellular networks by maximizing end-user quality of experience (QoE). We propose a novel server-based crosslayer rate-adaptive scheme (SCRAS) for real-time video surveillance over 4G-LTE networks using UAVs. Our key contributions are: (1) In SCRAS, mobile UAVs having preprogrammed flight co-ordinates act as servers, streaming real-time video towards a remote client; (2) server-side video rate adaptation occurs in 4G-LTE based on the physical characteristics of the received signal conditions due to variations in the wireless channel and handovers; (3) SCRAS is fully automated and independent of client assistance for rate adaptation, as it is intended for real-time, mission-critical surveillance applications; (4) SCRAS ensures that during rate adaptation, the current video frame should not be damaged by completing the current group of packet (GoP) before adaptation. Our simulations in NS3 provide credible evidence that SCRAS outperforms recently proposed schemes in providing better QoE for real-time, rate-adaptive, video surveillance over 4G-LTE under varying channel quality and frequent handovers that occur during flight by UAVs.

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Chattha, Hassan Tariq, Maria Hanif, Xiaodong Yang, Qammer Hussain Abbasi, and Inam Elahi Rana. "FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE PATCH ANTENNA FOR 4G LTE APPLICATIONS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 69 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm18022101.

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KHAN, J., A. BASIT, M. ADIL, and M. A. IRFAN. "Performance Analysis of 4G LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation." SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES 50, no. 04 (December 18, 2018): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26692/sujo/2018.12.0098.

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Alfarhisi, Zikrie Pramudia, Hadi Suyono, and Fakhriy Hario Partiansyah. "4G LTE Network Coverage Optimization Using Metaheuristic Approach." International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Researc 10, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijcatr1001.1003.

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The main focus of this paper is to optimize the coverage of each 4G LTE network cell within the service area. There are many algorithms can be implemented to determine the optimal 4G LTE coverage area including the deterministic and heuristic approaches. The deterministic approach could solve accurately the optimization problem but need more resources and time consuming to determine the convergence parameters. Therefore, the heuristic approaches were introduced to improve the deterministic approach drawback. The methods used are the Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Adaptive Mutation Genetic Algorithm (AMGA), which are categorized as metaheuristic approach. The DEA and AMGA algorithms have been widely used to solve combinatorial problems, including for solving the network optimizations. In the network optimization, coverage is strongly related to 2 objectives, which are reducing the black spot area and decreasing the overlapping coverage areas. Coverage overlap is a condition when some cell sites in an area overlap. It implies in the occurrence of hand off and an inefficient network management. This research aims to obtain an optimal 4G LTE network coverage and reduce the overlapping coverage areas based on effective e-Node B arrangements by using the DEA and AMGA algorithms. The simulations results showed that the DEA algorithm’s coverage effectiveness was 23,4%, and the AMGA Algorithm’s was 16,32%.

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Ulfah, Maria. "PERHITUNGAN PATHLOSS TEKNOLOGI 4G LONG TERM EVOLUTION (LTE)." Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v3i2.19.

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Propagasi gelombang melalui media transmisi udara sangatlah berperan penting bagi kelancaran komunikasi seluler, karena sinyal yang disalurkan oleh media transmisi udara yang akan diterima oleh penerima dipengaruhi oleh kontur bumi, media pantulan, penghalang (obstacle) serta jarak dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang tidak dapat diprediksi kemunculannya dan menghambat proses transmisi sinyal yang berlangsung. Penting dalam memperhitungkan rugi-rugi (pathloss) sinyal yang terjadi disepanjang saluran transmisi, karena mempengaruhi kualitas sinyal yang akan diterima. Dalam menentukan rugi-rugi sinyal digunakan model propagasi COST 231 karena sesuai dengan frekuensi 4G LTE yaitu 1800 MHz. Dalam penelitian ini dihitung rugi-rugi (pathloss) sinyal 4G LTE dengan variasi jarak antena pemancar (E node B) terhadap penerima (mobile station) yaitu 1 km, 5 km, 10 km, 15 km, 20 km, dengan ketinggian antena pemancar 24 meter. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan semakin jauh jarak antara antena pemancar terhadap penerima maka nilai pathloss semakin besar yaitu dari 138.8853 dB menjadi 175.4915 dB. Sedangkan jika tinggi antena penerima diperbesar dengan jarak d antara eNodeB dengan MS tetap maka nilai pathloss menjadi menurun. Semakin besar nilai pathloss maka kualitas sinyal terima akan menurun demikian pula sebaliknya.

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Kuboye, Bamidele Moses. "Performance Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for 4G (LTE)." Communications and Network 10, no. 04 (2018): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2018.104013.

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Akyildiz, Ian F., David M. Gutierrez-Estevez, and Elias Chavarria Reyes. "The evolution to 4G cellular systems: LTE-Advanced." Physical Communication 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2010.08.001.

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Zhang, Charlie, Sirikiat Lek Ariyavisitakul, and Meixia Tao. "LTE-advanced and 4G wireless communications [Guest Editorial]." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 2 (February 2012): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6146488.

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Zhang, Charlie, Sirikiat Ariyavisitakul, and Meixia Tao. "LTE-Advanced and 4G wireless communications: Part 2." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 6 (June 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6211482.

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Gutierrez, Diego, Francisco Gimenez, Carlos Zerbini, and Guillermo Riva. "Measurement of 4G LTE Cells with SDR Technology." IEEE Latin America Transactions 18, no. 02 (February 2019): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2019.9082230.

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Gutierrez, Diego, Francisco Gimenez, Carlos Zerbini, and Guillermo Riva. "Measurement of 4G LTE Cells with SDR Technology." IEEE Latin America Transactions 18, no. 02 (February 2020): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2020.9085272.

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Bikos, Anastasios N., and Nicolas Sklavos. "LTE/SAE Security Issues on 4G Wireless Networks." IEEE Security & Privacy 11, no. 2 (March 2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.136.

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Wan, Lei, Zhiheng Guo, and Xiang Chen. "Enabling Efficient 5G NR and 4G LTE Coexistence." IEEE Wireless Communications 26, no. 1 (February 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.8641417.

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Choudhury, Nupur, Chinmoy Kalita, and Kandarpa Kumar Sarma. "Design of a Scalable 4G Portable Network Using Low Cost SDR And Raspberry Pi." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 20 (August 10, 2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23204.2021.20.15.

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Of late, Software Defined Radio (SDR) approach has become an effective means to design high data rate wireless systems for a range of applications. There are methods with which low cost SDR based 4th generation (4G) or long term evolution (LTE) systems can be designed. Using low cost Raspberry Pi systems, the SDR aided 4G systems can be designed for high data rate communication. The work is related to the design of a 4G wireless system using low cost SDR solutions and integrated to a programmable controller based on a Raspberry Pi. Experimental results show that the system is effective in a range of conditions

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PURNAMA, AFATAH, EKA SETIA NUGRAHA, and MUNTAQO ALFIN AMANAF. "Penerapan Metode ACP untuk Optimasi Physical Tuning Antena Sektoral pada Jaringan 4G LTE di Kota Purwokerto." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.138.

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ABSTRAK Kualitas jaringan 4G (LTE) yang masih tidak stabil sehingga menyebabkan bad coverage. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas jarigan 4G (LTE) dapat dilakukan dengan optimasi physical tuning antena sektoral. Physical tuning antena sektoral meliputi perubahan tinggi antena, azimuth dan tilting antena. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi physical tuning antena sektoral menggunakan metode Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan coverage di daerah Purwokerto Barat dan Purwokerto Utara. Perolehan persentase coverage site existing belum memenuhi standar KPI Operator untuk RSRP sebesar 78,491% ≥ (100) dBm dan CINR sebesar 65,698% ≥ (0) dB. Hasil optimasi physical tuninng antena sektoral menggunakan metode ACP sudah memenuhi standar KPI Operator untuk RSRP sebesar 90,037% ≥ (100) dBm dan CINR sebesar 94,868% ≥ (0) dB. Kata kunci: LTE, optimasi, physical tuning, Automatic Cell Planning, Atoll ABSTRACT The quality of the 4G (LTE) network is still unstable, causing bad coverage. To improve the quality of 4G network (LTE) can be done by sectoral antenna tuning optimization. Physical tuning of sectoral antennas includes changes in antenna height, azimuth and tilting antenna. In this study a sectoral antenna tuning physical optimization was carried out using the Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) method to meet coverage needs in West Purwokerto and North Purwokerto areas. The percentage of existing coverage sites has not met the KPI Operator standard for RSRP of 78.491% 100 (100) dBm and CINR of 65.669% ≥ (0) dB. The results of sectoral antenna tuning optimization using the ACP method have met the KPI Operator standard for RSRP of 90.037% ≥ (100) dBm and CINR of 94.868% ≥ (0) dB. Keywords: LTE, optimization, physical tuning, Automatic Cell Planning, Atoll

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Song, Jae-Yeol, Kyung-Hoon Lee, and Seong-Mo Park. "0.11μm CMOS Low Power Broadband LNA design for 3G/4G LTE Environment." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2014.9.9.1027.

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Jaloun, Mohammed, and Zouhair Guennoun. "LTE-A Implementation Scenarios." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2012010103.

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This paper covers most aspects of LTE Radio Frequency (RF) system planning; this study has been extended to cover different implementation scenario for LTE-Advance. It explains the parameters that comprise the 4G cellular RF Link Budget and the basic propagation models in order to perform a RF Planning for LTE. Cell coverage has been estimated for different spectrum band and bandwidth and different modulation and coding schemes (MCS).

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Marco Alaez, Ricardo, Jose M. Alcaraz Calero, Qi Wang, Fatna Belqasmi, May El Barachi, Mohamad Badra, and Omar Alfandi. "Open-Source Based Testbed for Multioperator 4G/5G Infrastructure Sharing in Virtual Environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1984314.

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Fourth-Generation (4G) mobile networks are based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies and are being deployed worldwide, while research on further evolution towards the Fifth Generation (5G) has been recently initiated. 5G will be featured with advanced network infrastructure sharing capabilities among different operators. Therefore, an open-source implementation of 4G/5G networks with this capability is crucial to enable early research in this area. The main contribution of this paper is the design and implementation of such a 4G/5G open-source testbed to investigate multioperator infrastructure sharing capabilities executed in virtual architectures. The proposed design and implementation enable the virtualization and sharing of some of the components of the LTE architecture. A testbed has been implemented and validated with intensive empirical experiments conducted to validate the suitability of virtualizing LTE components in virtual infrastructures (i.e., infrastructures with multitenancy sharing capabilities). The impact of the proposed technologies can lead to significant saving of both capital and operational costs for mobile telecommunication operators.

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Tuan, Le Minh, Le Hoang Son, Hoang Viet Long, L. Rajaretnam Priya, K. Ruba Soundar, Y. Harold Robinson, and Raghvendra Kumar. "ITFDS: Channel-Aware Integrated Time and Frequency-Based Downlink LTE Scheduling in MANET." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123394.

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One of the crucial problems in Industry 4.0 is how to strengthen the performance of mobile communication within mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and mobile computational grids (MCGs). In communication, Industry 4.0 needs dynamic network connectivity with higher amounts of speed and bandwidth. In order to support multiple users for video calling or conferencing with high-speed transmission rates and low packet loss, 4G technology was introduced by the 3G Partnership Program (3GPP). 4G LTE is a type of 4G technology in which LTE stands for Long Term Evolution, followed to achieve 4G speeds. 4G LTE supports multiple users for downlink with higher-order modulation up to 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). With wide coverage, high reliability and large capacity, LTE networks are widely used in Industry 4.0. However, there are many kinds of equipment with different quality of service (QoS) requirements. In the existing LTE scheduling methods, the scheduler in frequency domain packet scheduling exploits the spatial, frequency, and multi-user diversity to achieve larger MIMO for the required QoS level. On the contrary, time-frequency LTE scheduling pays attention to temporal and utility fairness. It is desirable to have a new solution that combines both the time and frequency domains for real-time applications with fairness among users. In this paper, we propose a channel-aware Integrated Time and Frequency-based Downlink LTE Scheduling (ITFDS) algorithm, which is suitable for both real-time and non-real-time applications. Firstly, it calculates the channel capacity and quality using the channel quality indicator (CQI). Additionally, data broadcasting is maintained by using the dynamic class-based establishment (DCE). In the time domain, we calculate the queue length before transmitting the next packets. In the frequency domain, we use the largest weight delay first (LWDF) scheduling algorithm to allocate resources to all users. All the allocations would be taken placed in the same transmission time interval (TTI). The new method is compared against the largest weighted delay first (LWDF), proportional fair (PF), maximum throughput (MT), and exponential/proportional fair (EXP/PF) methods. Experimental results show that the performance improves by around 12% compared with those other algorithms.

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Портной, С., and Р. Сухих. "ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СЕТЕЙ WiMAX В СЕТИ PRIVATE LTE: ИСТОРИЯ, СОСТОЯНИЕ." LAST MILE Russia 94, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/2070-8963.2021.94.2.56.61.

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Приведен краткий очерк истории трансформации сетей 4G/WiMAX в сети технологии private (частного) LTE. Представлены специфика и современное состояние последних. В качестве примера решений private LTE описывается соответствующее оборудование разработки компании Telrad Networks.

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Karo Karo, Ferdinanta, Eka Setia Nugraha, and Fikri Nizar Gustiyana. "Analisis Hasil Pengukuran Performansi Jaringan 4G LTE 1800 MHz di Area Sokaraja Tengah Kota Purwokerto Menggunakan Genex Asistant Versi 3.18." AITI 16, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/aiti.v16i2.115-124.

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The implementation of 4G LTE network and its advantages gave us faster speed of mobile network. We need to know the performance of LTE mobile network in Sokaraja Tengah – Indonesia, which deployed by Telkomsel network provider by comparing its RSRP, SINR, RSRQ, and throughput using drive test method of Genex Probe. Signal performance was measured by drive test dedicated mode on the streamed videos and analyzed with Genex Assistant. The result shows that generally Telkomsel’s 4G LTE network in Sokaraja Tengah has 99.7% of (-70) – (-90) dBm RSRP value, 85.09% of 1-15 SINR value, 99.23% of (-15)-0 dBm RSRQ value, average uplink 2575 kbps and downlink 1530 kbps of throughput.

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El Mahjoubi, Ahmed, Tomader Mazri, and Nabil Hmina. "4.5G Capacity & QoS Optimization: A New Proposal to Enhance the Principal KPIs of 5G/IoT." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i11.9256.

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RF capacity management and optimization is an important part of the network performances of the future. Technically, 4.5G/5G mobile network is expected to enable people-thing and thing-thing interconnections by combining communication technologies and networks. Our Lab has been actively promoting research on 4G & 5G performances, in which the RF Capacity management issue is of great interest. New 4G/5G tests put forward a lot of requirements for RF network performances in terms of KPIs, QoS, as well as user experience. Based on Morocco’s current situation, this article first discusses the LTE cell resources monitoring and optimization, Furthermore, we will introduce LTE OMSTAR tool, and LTE cell resources optimization scenarios are summarized.

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Chrismanaria, Harry, and Kus Prayoga Kurniawan. "Analisis Tekno Ekonomi Perancangan Migrasi 2G/3G ke 4G (LTE)." Jurnal Telekomunikasi dan Komputer 7, no. 3 (February 28, 2017): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/incomtech.v7i3.1175.

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Kebutuhan masyarakat akan informasi dan komunikasi terus berkembang pesat dari waktu ke waktu. Menyebabkan pihak penyedia jasa layanan telekomunikasi seluler dituntut untuk berkembang guna memenuhi keragaman kebutuhan konsumennya Area Kota Bekasi merupakan area dengan prospek akan penggunaan layanan data yang tinggi karena merupakan pusat bisnis, perkantoran, perumahan dan perbelanjaan, sehingga pada area tersebut sangat cocok untuk dibuat analisis perencanaan jaringan migrasi 2G/3G ke 4G LTE. Upaya peningkatan layanan yaitu dengan mengimplementasikan teknologi yang lebih handal dari segi kecepatan akses maupun kapasitas serta ekspansi jangkauan. Teknologi Long Term Evolution(LTE) dapat menjadi jawaban atas kebutuhan tersebut. Di penelitian ini dianalisa secara teknologi dan ekonomi terhadap implementasi LTE pada jaringan operator XYZ. Model analisa yang digunakan berdasarkan prinsip tekno ekonomi dengan menggunakan metoda capacity and coverage estimation untuk menentukan perancangan teknologi LTE dan metoda DCF untuk menganalisa secara ekonomi dan mengukur kelayakan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk implementasi LTE tersebut. Ada 3 Skenario untuk simulasi teknoeknomi yaitu Pesimis, Moderat dan Optimis. Dari simulasi skenario yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu NPV terbesar diperoleh berdasarkan skenario pertama dengan revenue optimis dengan pencapaian NPV sebesar Rp. 235.743.544.721,24, IRR sebesar 6% , dan waktu balik modal pada tahun ke 4 dan bulan ke 6. Untuk skenario kedua dengan pencapaian NPV sebesar Rp. 65.217.367.323,14, IRR sebesar 10% , dan waktu balik modal pada tahun ke 3 dan bulan ke 6. , diperoleh bahwa kemungkinan nilai NPV akan tetap positif, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi LTE di wilayah Bekasi adalah layak untuk diimplementasikan.

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Njikam, Mohamed, Nanna S., Shahrin S., and Mohd Fairuz Iskandar Othman. "High speed internet development in Africa using 4G-LTE technology-a review." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i2.684.

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The African continent is ranked second most populated region and has a huge amount of natural resources to be locally transformed or outsourced overseas. The traditional telecommunications system has helped connect people and enabled them to manage their businesses and trading in Africa for a long-time; many African countries have embarked early in changing their network and technology systems during the first years of the information age. Over a few decades ago, the introduction of new telecommunication methods and techniques have influenced much of African countries’ growth via different perspectives. The situation has triggered an enormous interest in people. They analyzed the factors supporting such changes, which in the case of this paper is all about the advent and adoption of LTE/4G-LTE technologies including its service commercialization in Africa. This review article attempts to provide an overview of 4G-LTE networks technologies and the internet; it includes the current evolution of telecommunication networks within and even beyond the African continent, assisted by the 4G-LTE expansion. An extended view is provided throughout this article’s development with respect to what could be expected (or is missing) for the sake of this continent’s telecommunication infrastructure enhancement and a better QoS to Africa’s dwellers.

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Irawan, Abny, Alfin Hikmaturokhman, and Dadiek Pranindito. "ANALISIS TEKNO EKONOMI PERANCANGAN 4G LTE DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS." Jurnal ECOTIPE 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v5i1.31.

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Kabupaten Banyumas mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat dengan kemajuan di dunia pendidikannya. Dengan semakin berkembangnya Kabupaten Banyumas ini maka dibutuhkan pula peningkatan layanan telekomunikasi yang layak. Indosat merupakan salah satu operator pengembang teknologi 4G LTE dengan menggunakan frekuensi 1800Mhz. Perencanaan dilakukan menggunakan software atoll dengan mengacu kepada kebutuhan jangkauan downlink, uplink dan kebutuhan volume data yang diperlukan dengan memperhatikan faktor demografi serta proyeksi pengguna di Kabupaten Banyumas. Perhitungan perancangan penggelaran teknologi LTE berdasarkan cakupan area Kabupaten Banyumas membutuhkan sebanyak 124 site, sedangakn perhitungan berdasarkan kapasitas membutuhkan sebanyak 71 site di tahun 2016. Hasil simulasi menggunakan software atoll menunjukan rata-rata nilai RSRP -80.9dBm dan nilai SINR 0.64dB. Layanan yang dicakup oleh pelanggan di Kabupaten Banyumas pada simulasi software atoll. IMS Signaling sebanyak 14.639 jiwa, streaming media sebanyak 34.348 jiwa, video phone sebanyak 65.731 jiwa, real time gaming sebanyak 20.637 jiwa, video conference sebanyak 66.325 jiwa dan layanan voice over IP sebanyak 134.331 jiwa. CAPEX meliputi biaya perangkat eNodeB, license, Instalasi dan modal pinjaman. OPEX meliputi Operational & Maintenance, Sewa backhaul, biaya SDM, biaya Interconnection, biaya marketing, biaya administrasi umum & BHP Frekuensi. Untuk umur depresisi selama 10 tahun. Struktur pendanaannya yaitu asumsi 60% pinjaman & 40% modal sendiri. Bunga pinjaman sebesar 7,5% per tahun dengan asumsi masa pengembalian pinjaman 5 tahun. Pajak per tahun sebesar 25%. WACC sebesar 12,5%. Perhitungan cost benefit menghasilkan IRR 3% dan NPV Rp-8.729.606.072. jadi perancangan penggelaran LTE di Kabupaten Banyumas selama 15 tahun belum mendapatkan payback period atau masih merugi.

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Gemiharto, Ilham. "TEKNOLOGI 4G-LTE DAN TANTANGAN KONVERGENSI MEDIA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v3i2.7409.

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Gemiharto, Ilham. "TEKNOLOGI 4G-LTE DAN TANTANGAN KONVERGENSI MEDIA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (December 2015): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkk.vol3n2.10.

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Abdeljebbar, Mourad, and Rachid El Kouch. "Fast Authentication during Handover in 4G LTE/SAE Networks." IERI Procedia 10 (2014): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2014.09.064.

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50

Fu, I.-kang, Yih-shen Chen, Paul Cheng, Youngsoo Yuk, Ronny Kim, and Jin Kwak. "Multicarrier technology for 4G WiMax system [WiMAX/LTE Update." IEEE Communications Magazine 48, no. 8 (August 2010): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2010.5534587.

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