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1
Oke, Adekunle, and Fatima Araujo Pereira Fernandes. "Innovations in Teaching and Learning: Exploring the Perceptions of the Education Sector on the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR)." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020031.
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Business operations are undergoing drastic changes due to the disruptive effects of technology innovations; however, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the acceptability and consequences of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) in the education sector. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study explores the readiness of the education sector for 4IR. We adopted face-to-face semi-structured interviews to explore the views of 33 key stakeholders in the education sector, to understand the readiness and acceptability of 4IR in the sector. Findings show that the education sector, especially in Africa, is unprepared for 4IR, although there are indications for opportunities to harness the potential of the much-anticipated 4IR. Moreover, our study demonstrates a mutual symbiotic relationship between the education sector and technology innovations. The findings show that 4IR can facilitate students’ learning experience and transforms the workplace, although there is a need to assess the learning environment, to understand the facilitators and barriers to 4IR diffusion. The findings indicate the opportunity for the education sector to harness the innovations associated with 4IR through research and teaching to enhance learners’ experience; however, this may require a significant improvement in education curricula, as well as investments. The findings contribute to the theory and practice of technology in education and the limited literature on 4IR in the education sector, particularly in Africa.
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Mayer, Claude-Hélène, Cemonn Wegerle, and Rudolf M. Oosthuizen. "The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Managers’ Sense of Coherence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083857.
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) disrupts the world of work, new technologies change the nature of individuals’ work and their tasks, and therefore it is necessary to determine how managers cope with these changes, specifically relating to their salutogenesis. There is a lack of research conducted on the salutogenesis of managers in times of the 4IR. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of managers’ sense of coherence (SOC) in terms of the adjustments and developments of the 4IR, and their in-depth understanding of their SOC. This study employs a hermeneutical research design with a qualitative approach by using a semi-structured interview. The method used to analyze the data was content analysis. From the data analysis, the findings indicate that a majority of the managers tend to have an understanding of the 4IR and what implications of the 4IR will have on the world of work and their job description, the necessary resources to cope with the 4IR, and find the 4IR meaningful, therefore, managers have a strong SOC level during the 4IR. The recommendations for future studies suggest that research could be conducted how managers and lower-level managers’ SOC differ, which will provide insight into what different methods are required for the different level of managers.
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Chaka, Chaka. "Skills, competencies and literacies attributed to 4IR/Industry 4.0: Scoping review." IFLA Journal 46, no. 4 (December 2020): 369–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035219896376.
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Much has been said about the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) or Industry 4.0 since its launch in 2011. In addition, certain skills have been touted as specifically 4IR or Industry 4.0 skills. Amidst all this, not much work has been done that focuses on and identifies what those skills are from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The current scoping review study set out to identify skills, competencies and literacies attributed to 4IR/Industry 4.0 by 64 peer-reviewed journal articles drawn from diverse subject disciplines. Three of its findings are worth mentioning. First, skills and competencies attributed to 4IR by the reviewed journal articles are generic soft skills often dubbed the 21st-century skills such as communication, creativity and problem solving. Second, of the hard skills, programming skills feature predominantly as the 4IR skills from the reviewed articles. Thirdly, information literacy is under-represented and under-cited as a skill for 4IR in the reviewed articles.
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Ajagunna, Ibrahim, Fritz Pinnock, and Evette Smith Johnson. "The Fourth Industrial Revolution." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2019-0071.
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Purpose This paper aims to re-examine the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the realities for maritime and tourism-dependent countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed all the papers presented in the issue and provided summaries for each to facilitate a general synopsis. Findings In addition to examining the reality of 4IR in the context of the maritime and tourism industries and education, the various papers presented contain inter-linkages of purpose, concept and arising issues that are paramount to the success of any industrial concern in the face of 4IR. Originality/value While the focus of all papers stems from 4IR and the realities for maritime and tourism dependent countries, they also serve to emphasize the implications for these industries, if they fail to attend to the immediate and future applications of 4IR.
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Moon, Sungkon, Namhyuk Ham, Sungjin Kim, Lei Hou, Ju-Hyung Kim, and Jae-Jun Kim. "Fourth industrialization-oriented offsite construction: case study of an application to an irregular commercial building." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2018-0312.
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PurposeThis study, a research project, aims to examine the distinct characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), with a focus on construction. Following this examination, the paper presents a field study to evaluate the impact of the 4IR on the construction process.Design/methodology/approachThe first half of this project is dedicated to defining the 4IR by reviewing existing literature. The other half of the project presents a case study to demonstrate the concept of the 4IR and measure the effect of its application. To validate the defined concept of the 4IR, the study focuses on the following: autonomous system for producing drawings and robotics in construction.FindingsThe intensive literature review revealed three unequivocal features of the 4IR: defined tasks, undefined tasks and improvement possibilities. The following case study showed that the incorporation of the three 4IR features resulted in improved productivity and efficiency during the construction of the podium for the Lotte World Tower. For example, the macro-based autonomous system achieved 5.52 shop drawings per hour, highlighting the potential impact of independent, autonomous machinery.Originality/valueThe originality of this project stems from its attempt to quantify the effectiveness of applying autonomous technologies to a practical project. While previous works in this field have focused on system development and improvement, this paper presents an autonomous system at work in an actual project, in which junior engineers were able to be entirely replaced. The system was successful in independently creating numerous required shop drawings. The value of this analysis is to generate scientific evidence to evaluate the efficacy of the adoption of 4IR-oriented technologies.
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Ogunlela, Oyebanjo, and Robertson Tengeh. "The fourth industrial revolution and the future of entrepreneurial university in South Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i3.1103.
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Globally, digital disruption has accelerated in the last few years. It is argued that this technological revolution would fundamentally alter our interactions with one another, our work, and our lives. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) can blur the boundaries between the physical and biological worlds. Although the extent of the effect is unclear, many anticipate massive changes in the economic and educational spheres. Given the close relationship between the economy and the drivers of entrepreneurship in universities, the survival of entrepreneurial universities remains contingent on the influence and preparedness of the 4IR. This review aimed to ascertain South African entrepreneurial universities’ readiness for the 4IR. Systematic literature analysis was adopted for this study; it draws on journal articles, books as wells as online publications relating to disruptive innovation, entrepreneurial universities, and 4IR. The paper argues that there is a need for a radical overhaul of the current curriculum, as retraining lecturers to prepare for 4IR disruptions.
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Abdulraheem-Mustapha, Mariam Adepeju. "4IR and Right to Education in Nigeria: Synergybetween Legal Instruments and Stem Education." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 2286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1198.
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Laws and policies have important roles to play in advancing the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) through Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research in Nigeria. STEM education and knowledge brings about development by converging scholars across the world with recent research discoveries. In order for Nigeria to reap the maximum benefits from the 4IR, its legal system must come in line with the principles advanced by the 4IR. It is important to state that the laws which have been enacted before the contemporary era are inadequate and obsolete.
Education (STEM education inclusive) which will benefit the most from thenewrevolution would demand new legal instrumentsthat are adequate and effective to cater for the legal and policy demands of the 4IR by bringing forth a more current and inclusive legal protection for all the relevant beneficiaries. Using doctrinal methodology, thispaperexamines4IR and right to education in Nigeria with a view to establishing the relationship between the legal instruments and STEM education with the objective of advancing the agenda of the relevance of all fields of education for the next generation.The paper is divided into six sections and the findings show that, education (STEM education inclusive) is bedeviled with many challenges andthe extant laws are inadequate to solve them.Thus, making the goal of 4IR unachievable in Nigeria. To reach the greatest dexterities in all works of life, the paper concludes by bringing the significance of laws and policies that wouldaccommodate free STEM education in secondary and tertiary school levels in order to answer the call for 4IR. It recommends research collaboration across STEM fields for integrated curriculum and an amendment of the Constitution. It also advocates for gender equality and investing more in STEM education for having a transformative shift in Nigeria for the purpose of achieving 4IR.
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Moloi, Tshele J., and Mogalatjane E. Matabane. "Reimagining the Sustainable and Social Justice Mathematics Classrooms in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.12.15.
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In this conceptual paper, we provide some ways to think about sustainability and a social justice approach to teaching of mathematics in Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) classrooms. We imagine the mathematics classrooms in 4IR not only to provide sustainable education, but also to promote core values and qualities of social justice. The teaching of mathematics for social justice is a pedagogy that seeks to expose students to issues concerning power between social groups. It is an approach to teaching that seeks to enable students not only to maintain the status quo, but also to acquire the necessary skills to challenge current practices and offer alternatives. While there is an increasing emphasis on incorporating technology into the teaching and learning of mathematics to produce educated citizenry that will be able to function in 4IR, it is equally important that one guards against unintended consequences brought about by 4IR and not deny access to learners from a low socio-economic environment. Using critical discourse analysis, the paper argues that, as we usher 4IR into the mathematics classroom, one should also be mindful of the social skills that constitute humankind. Social skills and human capital are good foundations for understanding mathematical concepts, and critical skills need to operate effectively and productively in 4IR. Moreover, social skills such as persuasion and emotional intelligence are in higher demand across industries and in education sectors than narrow technical skills, which include, among others, programming or equipment operation and control.
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Yusuf, Byabazaire, Lynne Masel Walters, and Siti Nazuar Sailin. "Restructuring Educational Institutions for Growth in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): A Systematic Review." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i03.11849.
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Industrial Revolutions basically have transformed human lives. We have gone from hand production to mechanized production into computerization or automation of concepts into products (Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)). However, 4IR urges the process of transferring data from digital domains and offline reality via interconnected systems to improve lives. The technologies in 4IR enter into varying areas, such as the economy, medicine and education. Educational institutions have contributed greatly to reshaping future technologies by being the test laboratories for innovations. In the meanwhile, there is an immense need for looking beyond the traditional educational approach. This can be achieved by strategically employing the trending technologies to prepare students and educators with the right kind of knowledge and set of skills. It is imperative to ask questions about how the delivery of education will be undertaken and how educational institutions will be restructured by the 4IR to prepare students for the challenges ahead.
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Prastowo, Andi. "Profil Guru Pembelajar Di Indonesia Dalam Merespon Tantangan Pendidikan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0." Madrasah 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mad.v12i2.9061.
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All sectors of community life in Indonesia, including the education sector, have been impacted by the change from the transition of the 3rd Industrial Revolution era to the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) era, from the 20th to the 21st century. These changes have changed the paradigms, challenges and needs of teachers. However, the teacher profile that is in line with the educational needs of the 4IR Era is still being debated by academics today. This article examines the profile of teacher teachers in Indonesia in response to the needs of the 4IR era. This study uses a structured literature review research method. The findings from the study revealed that the profile of teacher-learners in Indonesia that is relevant to the challenges and needs of the 4IR Era are teachers should have a growth mindset, continue to learn and develop themselves while inspiring others to do the same. They are also having educational skills, personal skills, social skills, and professional, as well as digital skills.
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Agbehadji, Israel Edem, Bankole Osita Awuzie, and Alfred Beati Ngowi. "COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: 4IR Technology Utilisation in Multi-Sector Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 10168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810168.
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In this paper, we reviewed the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies applied to waves of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is an existential threat that has resulted in an unprecedented loss of lives, disruption of flight schedules, shutdown of businesses and much more. Though several researchers have highlighted the enormous benefits of 4IR technologies in containing the COVID-19 pandemic, the recent waves of the pandemic call for a thorough review of these technological interventions. The cyber-physical space has had its share of the COVID-19 pandemic effect, and through this review, we highlight the salient issues to help policy formulation towards managing the impact of subsequent COVID-19 waves within such environments. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to review the application of 4IR technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic waves and to highlight their shortcomings. Recent research articles were sourced from an online repository and thoroughly reviewed to highlight 4IR technology applications, innovations, shortcomings and multi-sector challenges. The outcome of this review indicates that the second wave of the pandemic resulted in a lower proportion of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and a lower rate of thrombotic events. In addition, it was revealed that the delay between ICU admissions and tracheal intubation was longer in the second wave in the health care sector. Again, the review suggests that 4IR technologies have been utilized across all the sectors including education, businesses, society, manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture and mining. Businesses have revised their service delivery models to include 4IR technologies and avoid physical contacts. In society, digital certificates, among other digital platforms, have been utilized to assist with the movements of persons who have been vaccinated. Manufacturing concerns have also utilized robots in manufacturing to reduce human-to-human physical contact. The mining sector has automated their work processes, utilising smart boots to prevent infection, smart health bands and smart disinfection tunnels or walkthrough sanitization gates in the mining work environment. However, the identified challenges of implementing 4IR technologies include low-skilled workers, data privacy issues, data analysis poverty, data management issues and many more. The boom in 4IR technologies calls for intense legislation on sweeping data privacy for regulated tech companies. These findings hold salient implications for policy formulation towards tackling future pandemic outbreaks.
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Adebayo, Joseph Olusegun, Blessing Makwambeni, and Colin Thakur. "Covid-19, Fourth industrial revolution and the future of elections in Africa." Journal of African Elections 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2020/v19i2a1.
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The initial focus of this study was on exploring the potential impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on future elections in Africa. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is fundamentally changing the way we live, work and relate to one another. In its scale and complexity, 4IR could change humanity and human existence as we presently know it. The suddenness with which the novel coronavirus pandemic has shut down life across the globe, including the cancellation and postponement of scheduled elections, led to a realignment of the research goals. The study thus includes ways in which 4IR and unforeseen global emergencies like pandemics can impact future elections, with specific reference to Africa.
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Anshari, Muhammad, Mohammad Nabil Almunawar, and Abdur Razzaq. "Developing Talents vis-à-vis Fourth Industrial Revolution." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 4 (October 2021): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20211001.oa2.
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The growing numbers of unemployment raises concerns around the world. With the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) many believed that 4IR might increase the unemployment rate by replacing the current jobs with automated machines such as robots whereas some argued that 4IR might reduce the unemployment rate by creating millions of new jobs. The paper aims to share the scenario of Industry 4.0 processes that affect future talent management, in determining which jobs will be severely affected, and that will be less affected. The talent mapping is a conceptual framework of job landscapes and the following four clusters examine job characteristics: machine-centric to human-centric, routine to complex, and optimization to identity. A qualitative method was deployed to extracts primary data from educators' perspectives in developing talents required for 4IR through Education 4.0. The adoption of Education 4.0 will be advantageous for developing talent in keeping up with the progressive and demanding talents in 4IR. The proposed model defined that clusters of machine-centric are jobs performed routinely on an application basis and usually structured and do not require any compassion or emotions. While developing talents for clusters in human-centric jobs, it may be difficult to replace humans due to complexities in the decision-making process and required compassion for task completion.
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Tella, Adeyinka. "Repackaging LIS professionals and libraries for the fourth industrial revolution." Library Hi Tech News 37, no. 8 (May 29, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-02-2020-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need for African Library Schools to repackage their curriculum to be able to produce graduates that will match up with jobs demand in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. The discussion argued for the review of African Library Schools, identified the technologies that drive the 4IRs which LIS graduates will be working with, if employed, and relevant skills needed for functionality in the era. Design/methodology/approach This viewpoint adopts discussion method with reference to some review of literature to argue the pints. Findings This viewpoint finds out that to be relevant in the 4IR, LIS graduate will have to possess the required skills relevant to function in the 4IR. The skills identified among other are information curation, in-depth research, digital scanning, preservation, cloud data expansion, collaboration, teaching and facilitation, analytical thinking and innovation, active learning and learning strategies. Originality/value This paper is an original idea from the author and has been published or submitted to any platform. This paper is original because it has been able to emphasise that African LIS schools should work closely with the employer to make sure their courses and curriculum are designed in such a way to teach employability skills. Moreover, this paper is important, as it made it clear that there is need to ensure removal of barriers to implementing better assessment and training and providing much-needed funding and resources to support the efforts. LIS graduates or those in training should also work to develop in-demand skills and learn to use tools that reveal their capabilities to their potential employers.
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Ocholla, Dennis N., and Lyudmila Ocholla. "Readiness of academic libraries in South Africa to research, teaching and learning support in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." Library Management 41, no. 6/7 (July 3, 2020): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-04-2020-0067.
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PurposeIn this paper, we refer to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in 2016, where the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) was coined by Klaus Schwab, with the reference that it would be building on “the Third, the digital revolution” and would be “characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres”. While acknowledging that the 4IR will impact on everything, everywhere, including research and libraries, we conceptualize 4IR, and we compare current academic library services/trends in South Africa with 4IR requirements, through the analysis of 26 public university library websites.Design/methodology/approachBesides conceptualization of 4IR, a content analysis of websites of 26 public universities’ libraries in South Africa was achieved followed up with verification of the data by respective libraries through a preliminary research report circulated to them by email. 23 areas were identified as the trends in academic libraries, which included free Wi-Fi in the libraries; 24/7 study areas and access to library resources on and off campus; research commons; makerspace; borrowing ICTs (e.g. laptops); e-resources; e-catalogues; research data services (RDS; RDM, IR); open scholarship; information literacy and reference/bibliographic tools, library as a publisher, among others. Data obtained were captured in Excel and analyzed by the research questions.FindingsThe 4IR concept does not occur often in literature, in relation to academic libraries, but it is implied. The findings show that the libraries are responding well to the revolution through their services, with remarkable innovation and creativity on display. There was a 64% presence of the analyzed trends/services in the libraries, with emerging trends/services such as library as a publisher (4%), robotics/AI (4%), makerspace (8%), RDS (27%), borrowing of ICTs/devices (19%) and user experience (19%) scoring low, while information literacy and digital scholarship (e.g. IR) (88%), e-catalogue and e-resources (92%), group study area (85%) and off campus access (77%) scoring above 75%. The scatter of the trends/services among the university libraries is noted for knowledge sharing of best practice.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to improve accordance with trends, academic libraries have to be better resourced, accessed and used, as well as improve web visibility. The study expects library services to be responsive, resourced and accessible anytime and anywhere, and it provides a conceptual framework and a benchmark for further research and exploration in the country, region and perhaps elsewhere.Practical implicationsThe study can be used for benchmarking current and future academic library services in Africa. The conceptual framework provides an agenda for theoretical discussions and deliberations.Social implicationsThe trends, framework and 4IR representations in the study can inform theory and practice in LIS, particularly in Africa.Originality/valueLinking 4IR to current and future library services provides a tool for academic libraries services benchmarking and development and provides a conceptual framework for theoretical and practical debates and implementation. The study is quite current and appropriate for the ongoing discussions of 4IR implications to academic libraries.
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Kisusu, Robert W., Samson T. Tongori, and Donald Okumu Madiany. "Implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Gender Participation." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 7, no. 4 (October 2020): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2020100102.
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An economic development needs to know whether there is concrete implication of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) on participation of gender, as this has been a key concern in many countries. The paper established implications of 4IR using descriptive techniques and sample T-test. The review concludes that implication of 4IR to gender participation in Tanzania is that women participated more than men in agricultural production and unpaid domestic activities. Inversely, men participated more on productive works than women while gender balance exists in professional and skilled works. The review further notes that the influencing factor on GP is level of education associated with skill and profession. Then to balance GP, the review recommends increasing education to women and gender sensitivity.
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Menon, Jayant, and Anna Fink. "The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Implications for Regional Economic Integration in ASEAN." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 1, no. 1 (April 2019): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821566.
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This article explores the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It argues that technologies of the 4IR can bring huge benefits such as empowerment for small- and medium-sized enterprises and opportunities for countries to leapfrog traditional pathways of development. It will also bring tremendous challenges such as deep disruption to labour markets and the potential of rising inequality. To address the challenges and seize the opportunities of the 4IR, ASEAN will need a new way of formulating policy and regulation that will require: (a) evolution of the ASEAN Secretariat to become a ‘platform organisation’, (b) greater delegation of key activities to affiliated functional bodies, (c) a shift from long-term blueprints to three-year rolling plans, (d) democratise and decentralise and (e) establish multi-country test beds. JEL Codes: F14, F15
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Okuonghae, Omorodion. "Digital content creation: an emerging role for librarians." Library Hi Tech News 38, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-11-2020-0109.
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Purpose The increasing importance of digital content creation in relation to content marketing and promotion of library and information services in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has attracted global attention. Thus, the purpose of this study is to theoretically examine librarians’ role in the creation of digital content in the 4IR. Design/methodology/approach This study used the review method to theoretically examine the nexus between digital content creation and librarians’ role in the 4IR. Findings This study showed that librarians are well positioned to become professional digital content creation, as they already possess the basic skills needed to create effective content for high user engagement. Originality/value This study seeks to pioneer a new area of focus by linking librarians’ skills to digital content creation skills and making a case for librarians as the perfect digital content creator.
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Begić, Hana, and Mario Galić. "A Systematic Review of Construction 4.0 in the Context of the BIM 4.0 Premise." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080337.
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This paper presents a systematic review of Construction 4.0 in the context of the building information modeling (BIM) 4.0 premise. It comprises a review of the industry in the pre-fourth industrial revolution (4IR) age, the current and anticipated development of the 4IR, Construction 4.0’s origin and applications, and the synergy of its main drivers, i.e., the synergy of BIM with the internet of things (IoT) and big data (BD). The main aim of the paper is to determine the Construction 4.0 drivers and to what extent are they initialized by the 4IR, their development and their synergy with BIM, and the direction of BIM’s implementation in the construction phase. It was found that the main drivers of Construction 4.0, which originated from the 4IR, are BIM, IoT, and BD, but with specific implementations. The results of the analysis of BIM with IoT and/or BD revealed that the integrative approaches combining the aforementioned drivers show signs of project enhancement by providing significant benefits, such as improved real-time monitoring, data exchange and analysis, construction planning, and modeling. Furthermore, it was revealed that the main drivers are mostly applied in the project’s preconstruction phase, which is continuously developing and becoming more automated. The state-of-the-art review presented in this paper suggests that BIM is in transition, adopting Construction 4.0 to become BIM 4.0.
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Yorks, Lyle, Denise Rotatori, SeoYoon Sung, and Sean Justice. "Workplace Reflection in the Age of AI: Materiality, Technology, and Machines." Advances in Developing Human Resources 22, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422320927299.
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The Problem This article explores the nature of reflection within the workplace during the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), a period characterized by the proliferation of cognitive technologies—like artificial intelligence (AI)—which are changing the nature of work. This piece explores the manner in which individuals and teams learn through reflective practice as a result of increased human–machine collaboration in the 4IR since it has not been extensively researched. The Solution Through an analysis of Anand Rao’s three-tiered model of AI— assisted intelligence, augmented intelligence, and autonomous intelligence—and by using data collected through a semi-structured interview process that situated the article within a particular sector of the economy—the health care industry—this article provides a framework for understanding the workplace, and human-machine collaboration, during the 4IR. The Stakeholders Human resource development practitioners and researchers interested in the role of cognitive technologies within the workplace and their impact on human reflection.
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Mudau, Joseph, and Ricky Munyaradzi Mukonza. "Scant Penetration of Women in the Fourth Industrial Revolution : An Old Problem in a New Context." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n1a4.
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A study of every industrial revolution would be incomplete without any reference to the scant inclusion of women in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. It remains true that a plethora of women are still not extricated from the obfuscation of social inclusion in the technological space. The gender inequalities in ICT remains a perennial problem, consequently prompting a new debate. Closely related to this debate is the scant rate of the inclusion of women in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This article opines that men have more freedom to utilise technological devices than women due to, inter alia, limited knowledge regarding technological infrastructure. The article is conceptual in nature and relied on critical scholarship review as a methodological approach to obtain insights. The objective is to argue that gender inequality in ICT is most likely to persist in the 4IR. Furthermore, it provides a summation and conclusion on the 4IR.
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Adelowotan, Michael. "TOWARDS ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SOUTH AFRICAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 9, no. 1 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2021.09.01.003.
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The reality of the presence of disruptive technologies of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era has dawned on everyone. However, the narratives have centered on how these technologies will aid the production and delivery of goods and services in a more efficient and transparent manner based on increased data accumulation and analysis. The focus of these technologies has been on how large manufacturing and service organizations can automate the development of processes, products and services. The question is “how will the small and medium enterprises survive in the 4IR era?” This paper will attempt to answer this question by considering and examining how the South African small and medium enterprises can seize the opportunities provided by the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution era for their development and sustainability thereby contributing to the socio-economic development and growth of the South African nation. The findings show that in spite of the concerns with respect to perceived threats of loss of jobs, increase in inequality, unemployment and poverty in view of the emerging technologies of the 4IR, the development of a well-articulated policy directions and strategy on the fourth industrial revolution by government coupled with a positive response by the business community will afford the entrepreneurs the opportunity to participate in the newly created supply chains and markets. Furthermore, the new technologies of the 4IR will result in the expansion of labor demand through increased productivity thereby creating new jobs that will far outweigh the old jobs lost through digitalization.
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Safrankova, Jana Marie, Martin Sikyr, and Renata Skypalova. "Innovations in Workforce Management: Challenges in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 2 (2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-06.
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The radical technological changes in business models associated with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) naturally change workforce requirements and approach to workforce management. To deal with the workforce management challenges of the 4IR, employers should know the requirements and expectations of the potential workforce to be able to apply effective and efficient strategies, policies, and practices on workforce management to ensure the organization has quality employees it needs. The aim of the article is to present the main findings of the authors' questionnaire survey on requirements and expectations of Czech employees associated with the fourth industrial revolution and discuss the current workforce management challenges in developing attractive career opportunities. The authors' questionnaire survey was carried out from September to December 2019. The respondents included Czech male and female employees of different professions and different generations. The answers were obtained from 168 respondents. The data analysis methods included the calculation of relative frequencies and the evaluation of the dependence of responses on gender and generation of respondents using contingency tables and chi-square tests of independence. The findings show that respondents are familiar with the 4IR and they are not concerned about losing their jobs due to the development of digitization, automation, or robotization, however, they are aware of the fact that their employability in the 4IR is determined by their knowledge, skills, and abilities. On the other hand, they have relatively high job expectations, which could reduce their employability. Therefore, employers should learn how to know the requirements and expectations of the potential workforce to be able to develop attractive career opportunities. Keywords: The Czech Republic, employee expectations, employment opportunities, human resource management, industry 4.0, working conditions
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Lee, Sung-Woo, Jisung Jo, and Sewon Kim. "Leveraging the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology for Sustainable Development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR)—The Case Study of Autonomous Vessel." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158211.
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technology has been applied to various industrial areas not only to improve economic efficiency but also to obtain environmental and safety benefits. We paid attention to the unresolved issues of Arctic development to establish a balance between economic feasibility and social values and suggest the 4IR technologies as the solution for this. The master concept of application of the 4IR technology to NSR sailing is presented. Further, we conducted a case study for autonomous vessels. A cost breakdown structure model is specified to compare the total costs of traditional and autonomous vessels. Then, we conducted scenario analysis to investigate the economic and social effects of autonomous vessels by season and route. The results show that autonomous vessels have economic benefits compared to the traditional vessel even in the winter season, and if we realize autonomous vessels in the NSR, there are more cost saving effects than in the Suez Canal Route (SCR) in any season. As for the environmental benefits, autonomous vessels have lower gas emissions and reduced water disposal compared to the traditional vessel. Further, autonomous vessels could be a solution to provide a better crew working environment by minimizing the number of people on board. The contribution of this research is that, first, we utilize real fuel oil consumption measurement data to estimate the voyage expenses, and, second, this is a novel attempt of applying the 4IR technology as a solution for the Arctic development issue. In this respect, this research is expected to serve as a cornerstone for future research, and it will help to establish Arctic development strategies in Arctic or non-Arctic countries.
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Nowicka, Katarzyna, and Maciej Szymczak. "Logistyka i łańcuchy dostaw w obliczu czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej." Studia BAS 3, no. 63 (2020): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2020.22.
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The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) introduces significant changes in various areas of economic and social life. Many of them are perceived as groundbreaking and game-changing, which is a feature of every revolution. 4IR exerts a direct impact on economic and social life through the incredible development of ICT. The paper aims to present the scope of impact of these changes on logistics and supply chain management – areas of business management that are currently of great importance for competitiveness. The role of ICT in modern logistics and supply chain management was also shown, and selected specific technologies that considerably contribute to the deepening of digital transformation in these areas of activity were discussed. Attention was drawn to the complementarity of ICT solutions at the enterprise and the economy levels. The authors came up with a concept of an intelligent (digital) supply chain as a solution that satisfies the need to strengthen supply chain’s resilience and supports the implementation of environmental sustainability strategies in line with the development of the circular economy. The authors also discuss development directions of the so-called intelligent logistics and intelligent supply chains under the conditions of 4IR.
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Arora, Dhruv. "Demand prognosis of industry 4.0 to agriculture sector in India." International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 25, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/kes-210058.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate areas of applicability of Industry 4.0 or the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) to the Agriculture sector in India and how significant benefits can be delivered to the farmers by focusing on selected use cases. Agriculture has been the backbone of Indian economy for centuries, however, its contribution to the India’s economy, measured as a per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has declined over the last decade. Farm productivity has only marginally improved during this timeframe. At the same time, a surge in expected demand for food grains is expected, posing a significant challenge to the demand-supply parity. To solve this conundrum, 4IR Technologies as the umbrella framework comprising of cognitive internet of things (IoT), big data analytics, drones/spatial technologies and digital user experience, were evaluated in this research study. A baseline assessment of the digital use cases of 4IR Technologies that have already been leveraged in India was conducted. The list of these digital use cases was then enhanced and prioritized using Delphi technique, considering economic value of the use cases to the Indian farmers as well as ease of their implementation.
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Munsamy, Megashnee, and Arnesh Telukdarie. "Business Process (4IR) Centric Optimization Modelling." Procedia Computer Science 180 (2021): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.279.
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Ramnund-Mansingh, Aradhana, and Nikita Reddy. "South African specific complexities in aligning graduate attributes to employability." Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no2art1025.
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South African higher education (HE) cannot be compared to any other country’s HE systems due to the unique political landscape and structural narrative that it has undergone. Subsequent to the reorganisation of HEIs in 2004, a number of complexities arose. These included accessibility to education across race and the alignment of the South African HEIs to global pedagogic benchmarks. With the changing political landscape, transformations within higher education, socio economic inequities and changes in the workplace, researchers failed to cognize the impact of these factors on graduate employability. Changing graduate attributes to align with a decolonised curriculum and Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) workspaces were transiently underway when COVID-19 set a new narrative for the future of employability. This paper seeks to identify the impact of workplace changes and its direct influence on successful graduate employment and integration into the HE curriculum. The work environment has cursorily moved from 4IR to an advanced stage of the 4IR, where there is a full emphasis on digitisation, non-localised workspaces and is an ostensible playground for digital natives (Generation Z). This paper provides a systematic review of literature in the South African HE contexts that pertains to graduate attributes for employability within the workplace. The adoption of malleable secondary data will allow for an understanding of the relationship between changing workplace environments and expectations from graduates. This correlation is directly linked to graduate attributes which students need to comply with from year one. The paper will provide context to changes which are required for the future success of graduates, and whether graduate attributes are adequate preparation for employability. A clinical model is recommended with an intervention to manage the risk factors of decolonisation of curriculum, the 4IR and multi-generational workplace and responses to COVID-19.
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Aziz Hussin, Anealka. "Education 4.0 Made Simple: Ideas For Teaching." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.3p.92.
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Almost everyone is talking about the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR). The 4IR wave is so strong that change is inevitable, including within the education setting, making Education 4.0 the famous buzzword among educationists today. What is Education 4.0? Do educators really understand it or they simply follow what others are doing. Education 4.0 is a respond to the needs of IR4.0 where human and technology are aligned to enable new possibilities. The paper explains the nine trends of Education 4.0, preference of the 21st century learners, skills for 21st century teachers, share some ideas on how to implement Education 4.0 trends in the language classrooms and students’ feedback on their experience in learning in the Education 4.0 classroom.
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Vora-Sittha, Pornpen, and Apirada Chinprateep. "Readiness of the ASEAN Community for the 4th Industrial Revolution." Asian Social Science 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n2p31.
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The study explores the readiness of ASEAN Community for the world Fourth Industrial Revolution, and to propose policy suggestions for stakeholder perspectives. The methodology used is SWOT and TOWS analysis. The results of the study show that only Singapore is the readiest country to face 4IR. Rest of ASEAN members moderately prepared for the world 4IR, except Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. The size of the ASEAN digital economy has the opportunity to be ranked as the world's top five in 2025, drive-by e-commerce, large industrial plants with the participation of small and medium enterprises. Singapore may face employment disruption before other countries because of its most advanced in using AI technology.
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Mhlanga, David, and Tankiso Moloi. "COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Education: What Are We Learning on 4IR in South Africa?" Education Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070180.
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The study sought to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in motivating digital transformation in the education sector in South Africa. The study was premised on the fact that learning in South Africa and the rest of the world came to a standstill due to the lockdown necessitated by COVID-19. To assess the impact, the study tracked the rate at which the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) tools were used by various institutions during the COVID-19 lockdown. Data were obtained from secondary sources. The findings are that, in South Africa, during the lockdown, a variety of 4IR tools were unleashed from primary education to higher and tertiary education where educational activities switched to remote (online) learning. These observations reflect that South Africa generally has some pockets of excellence to drive the education sector into the 4IR, which has the potential to increase access. Access to education, particularly at a higher education level, has always been a challenge due to a limited number of spaces available. Much as this pandemic has brought with it massive human suffering across the globe, it has presented an opportunity to assess successes and failures of deployed technologies, costs associated with them, and scaling these technologies to improve access.
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Jones, Beata, Albert Pilot, Pierre Van Eijl, and Josephine Lappia. "The W-shaped model of professional competencies for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its relevance to honors programs." Journal of the European Honors Council 4, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31378/jehc.123.
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As the world is undergoing the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the fusing of physical, digital, and biological worlds with the new technologies, we experience a profound impact of this revolution on the labor markets and subsequent career planning of students. The new economic reality created by 4IR calls for immediate action in the world of higher education. The purpose of this paper is to advocate for new key competencies that university students will need to thrive in the new economy. These competencies include human literacy, digital fluency, hyper-learning, and systems and design thinking. Together, they are presented as the ‘W- shaped 4IR Competency Model’. This model combines previously published opinions about the topic from various educational futurists who have tackled the issue. This paper includes a call to action for universities to address the skills gap challenge of college graduates and rethink their value propositions. As honors programs are the breeding ground for innovation, universities might consider starting to test the robot-proof, twenty-first-century curricula with the smaller honors cohorts and then consider the curricular transfer to the mainstream educational programs. We urge honors educators and administrators around the world to adopt curricula that will make their graduates ‘robot-proof’ and able to thrive in the new economy for decades to come.
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Jiyane, Glenrose. "Recounting the Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas of KwaZulu-Natal from Information and Knowledge in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era." Libri 71, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2019-0197.
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Abstract The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) marks the new, advanced era of development in humankind, and globally countries are in the process of ensuring their citizenry’s readiness. In South Africa, various governmental departments, organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organisations (NPOs) are making efforts, through their plans, talks and actions, to attain this status for all her people, particularly women in rural areas. However, the development of women in the rural areas for empowerment remains a concern in developing countries. Consequently, there is a dire need to ensure the developmental status for women in rural areas in the advent of the 4IR, and this paper seeks to demonstrate that information and knowledge may be instrumental in empowering women in rural areas to strive in the 4IR. Accordingly, information and knowledge are a critical resource contributing to the empowerment of women in rural areas for their development. An exploratory question is raised to determine whether South Africa is ready for Fourth Industrial Revolution. The outcome of this paper will contribute to the body of knowledge advocating the importance of information and knowledge in the empowerment of women in rural areas. Significantly, it will generate insights for policymakers on the important role of information and knowledge for women’s development.
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Clavel-Maqueda, Mireya, Eduardo Cornejo-Velazquez, and Maria Catalina Ovando-Chico. "Desafíos para las instituciones de educación superior ante las disrupciones de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial (4IR)." Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA 9, no. 18 (June 5, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icea.v9i18.6730.
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La Cuarta Revolución Industrial (4IR) es una transformación en la forma en que los humanos trabajan, socializan y viven. La fuerza de trabajo interactúa con la tecnología inteligente para resolver problemas, mejorar la productividad, cumplir los objetivos y promover la competitividad. 4IR implica desarrollar tanto habilidades disciplinarias como sociales en la gestión de las organizaciones. En este trabajo se describen las aptitudes del personal académico de una universidad pública mexicana en las áreas de comprensión lectora, cálculo numérico y resolución de problemas en entornos ricos en tecnología. Se presenta evidencia estadística sobre la preferencia de los docentes en la formación a distancia y que los docentes con mayor habilitación académica participan menos en actividades formales de capacitación. Otro hallazgo es la necesidad de participar en cursos o clases particulares para temas especializados de formación disciplinar. En relación con los temas que favorecer la adopción de la 4IR, las habilidades de programación y uso de estadística o matemática avanzada no figuran entre las capacidades que utilicen los docentes. Además, se reporta que los docentes no publican frecuentemente sus resultados y experiencias en la literatura científica. El desarrollo de habilidades intelectuales superiores es un área de oportunidad que requiere una estrategia de gestión del entrenamiento y capacitación inteligente y urgente.
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Hussain, Abid. "Industrial revolution 4.0: implication to libraries and librarians." Library Hi Tech News 37, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-05-2019-0033.
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Purpose Industry 4.0 is a term for the so-called Fourth Industrial revolutions. It is the technological integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in the process of production. CPS enables internet-based process networking with all participants in the process of value creation. The industrial revolution is actually changing how we live, work and communicate. Many trades have highly been affected by 4IR, libraries are one of them. The libraries of twenty-first century are shifting their paradigms from traditional setup to modern information networking. As people and machines are connecting to each other at enormous speed, artificial intelligence, mobile computing, machine learning and automation of every trade have become a need of the day. Automation and artificial intelligence are change agents in 4IR that will make certain groups of employees redundant, replacing them with new workers with the needed skills or with machines that do the job cheaper. This paper aims to shed light on how the 4IR will “shape the future of education, gender, work and library services”. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges being faced by the library and librarians in the age of Industrial 4.0 revolution in contemporary society. The purpose of this study is to review the past literature on Industrial Revolutions 4.0 in education and interlink them with Library services. Design/methodology/approach The current study performs a systematic and content-centric review of literature relevant to library services. The literature of this study is based on a six-stage approach to identify the design principles and technology trends of 4IR in education and Library services. Findings Industry 4.0 Revolution is the current trend of revolutionary technology, which has affected many services in this age of globalization. Similar, Library services have highly been affected by 4IR. An effort has been made to highlight the vari-ous challenges being faced by libraries and librarians in this age of information. Some solutions have been presented to the library professionals to overcome this technology to boost its services up to the entire satisfaction of the patrons. Research limitations/implications The strategic approach in this study can serve the academicians and practitioners in the field of librarianship as a stepping stone to develop a successful transition from traditional manufacturing into the industry 4.0. Originality/value The study is among the first to identify the challenges being faced by libraries and librarians in this age of Industrial revolutions.
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Ilori, Matthew Olusoji, and Ibrahim Ajagunna. "Re-imagining the future of education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-10-2019-0066.
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Purpose Globally, higher education has been, over the years, a source of innovation, policy, new knowledge and a national asset. However, the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is having an impact on the principles of learning from primary to tertiary levels. The purpose of this paper is to consider how the 4IR has and will continue to impact education at the various levels of learning. Design/methodology/approach The paper aims to bridge the perceived information gap and provide insights into the kinds of educational preparation and the skills and qualifications that 4IR jobs require. In response, the following are considered: the need to tweak the curriculum, adopt the right technology for in class and online delivery and the projection of other learning techniques and skills that are often not considered pertinent. Data gathering for the report was by discussion with experts and consultation of relevant articles and write-ups from related websites. Findings The advent of smart communication systems involving artificial intelligence, internet, robotics, virtual reality and digital textbooks has opened a new vista in relation to how and what is learnt in schools. Just as technologies brought about smart communication systems, the 4IR model of higher education is rapidly evolving and as such, curriculum development and review must be dynamic, and it must keep pace with the technological advances and skills required in the twenty first century. Research limitations/implications More purposeful research needs to be conducted in universities and industries with the intention of accelerating internal and external innovations so that markets can be expanded. Furthermore, efforts to reduce the cost and time of generating innovations will need to be intensified. Practical implications The value and emphasis that are placed on the acquisition of degrees and paper qualifications are changing rapidly. Although it is traditional for students to compete for admission to the face-to-face classroom model, it is no longer unusual for a student to take courses online from any part of the world and still be accepted into positions usually reserved for traditional classroom education. Social implications As at today, examples of 4IR services include Uber, Airbnb, Cloud services, Artificial intelligence, Cyber-security, three-dimensional printers, driverless cars and robotics. Machine learning and drone technology are also of growing significance. As yet, subjects dealing with such inventions and innovations are not part of the curriculum of many institutions and this is a cause for concern. Originality/value The 4IR era will bring great changes to how students are taught and what students must learn as the tools for transformational learning are already overwhelming. Jobs will be scarce for those without the requisite skills, whereas those with the right skills will have to keep up with the pace of technological development, otherwise they too will be left behind. Schools will increasingly become centres for the generation of innovation and its incubation and in all this, quality learning, teaching and knowledge impartation can easily be carried out online.
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Utsumi, Takeshi, Mohamed Al-Azab, and Samia Elazab. "4th Industrial Revolution(4IR)for Smart Learning." International Journal of Internet Education 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijie.2019.98633.
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Pardey, Alvaro J., Manoa A. Moreno, Matthias Lutz, Matti Haukka, and Reinaldo Atencio. "Undecacarbonyl(pyridine-κN)-tetrahedro-tetrairidium(4Ir—Ir)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 4 (March 22, 2006): m838—m840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806009780.
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The title compound, [Ir4(C5H5N)(CO)11], shows a tetrahedral Ir4 core in which each Ir atom is linked to three other Ir atoms and three terminal carbonyl groups, except for one Ir atom, which carries two carbonyl ligands and one N-coordinated pyridine molecule. An intricate set of C—H...π hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal packing, where the π-systems are those of the C[triple-bond]O bonds of the carbonyl ligands.
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Steyn, Wynand Jacobus van der Merwe. "Selected implications of a hyper-connected world on pavement engineering." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 13, no. 6 (November 2020): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-6012-7.
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AbstractThe world is becoming a hyper-connected environment where an abundance of data from sensor networks can provide continuous information on the behaviour and performance of infrastructure. The last part of the 3rd Industrial Revolution (IR) and the start of the 4th IR gave rise to a world where this overabundance of sensors, and availability of wireless networks enables connections between people and infrastructure that was not practically comprehensible during the 20th century. 4IR supports the datafication of life, data science, big data, transportation evolution, optimization of logistic and supply chains and automation of various aspects of life, including vehicles and road infrastructure. The hyper-connected 4IR environment allows integration between the physical world and digital and intelligent engineering, increasingly serving as the primary lifecycle management systems for engineering practitioners. With this background, the paper evaluates a few concepts of the hyper-connected pavement environment in a 4IR Digital Twin mode, with the emphasis on selected applications, implications, benefits and limitations. The hyper-connected world can and should be managed in the pavement realm to ensure that adequate and applicable data are collected regarding infrastructure, environment and users to enable a more efficient and effective transportation system. In this regard, and planning for future scenarios where the proliferation of data is a given, it is important that pavement engineers understand what is possible, evaluate the potential benefits, conduct cost/benefit evaluations, and implement appropriate solutions to ensure longevity and safety of pavement infrastructure.
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Medoh, Chuks Nnamdi, and Arnesh Telukdarie. "Logistics Optimisation." International Journal of Business Analytics 7, no. 1 (January 2020): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2020010104.
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Contemporary multinationals exist in a dynamic digital age in which business units direct enormous attention to technological solutions and business challenges, especially logistics. Business units aim for solutions that are relatively effective to implement, in relation to solving business challenges ensuring sustainability. This research seeks to present value add relative to business process optimisation model based on 4IR (Fourth Industrial Revolution) implementations, specific to multinational logistics optimisation. The onset of the 4IR has advanced businesses significantly, specifically to logistics optimisation. This article assumes a business process-centric modelling approach via industry 4.0 implementations to model and predicts the optimum logistics execution time. This is facilitated based on defined scenarios with all potential variables affecting configured sets of logistics business functions. The results address the present gap related to presenting a process-centric and systemic architecture effective to simulate the impact of change on a business.
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Shilenge, Musa, and Arnesh Telukdarie. "4IR integration of information technology best practice framework in operational technology." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3429.
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Purpose: Since inception in the 1970s, Operational Technology (OT) systems were designed to operate in isolation from Information Technology (IT) systems mainly due to differences in objectives relating to Confidentiality, Integrity, Security and Availability (CISA). Additional diverse components include computing speed, and failure severity in terms of safety, environmental, and financial impact. With the onset of Industry 4.0 and the need for integration the worlds of IT and OT must operate in unison. The focal point of this research is to evaluate if an Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) best practice framework can be integrated into the operational technology domain.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative desk research methodology initiates data gathering on the two key domains. A comparative analysis is subsequently adopted for results analysis. Thereafter, an application case of ITSM inclusive of OT is proposed and reviewed.Findings: After comparative analysis and application case, the research concludes that an IT best practice framework i.e. the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) can be integrated and adapted into the operational technology domain to facilitate management of OT in a service management style.Practical implications: The key benefit of this work is the inclusion of OT in global IT best practices in this Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era.Originality/value: This paper contributes to ongoing research in IT-OT integration by providing a unique perspective on OT management in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Other researchers can utilize the research outcomes to apply ITSM in the OT domain where 4IR technologies have been implemented.
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Sharam, Andrea Gayle. "Disruption and the matching market for new multifamily housing in Melbourne, Australia." Journal of General Management 44, no. 3 (April 2019): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307018824230.
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A key area of system impact of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is the radical improvement in the functioning of matching markets. Matching markets are markets in which agents seek to be paired with someone or something with the criteria for matching often highly specific. Traditionally, the cost and difficulty in matching means many of these markets have not functioned well. Uber and Airbnb are examples of new matching market matchmakers that have been ‘turbo-charged’ by new digital technologies, resulting in what Parker et al. describe as a ‘platform revolution’. In this article, we examine the traditional, but poorly functioning, matching market for new multifamily housing development in Melbourne, Australia, and the potential for disruption offered by a new platform, Nightingale Housing Ltd. (NHL). Improved matching has been critical to the model and the Internet has been central to this. The NHL model has the potential for systems impact as outlined by Schwab in his conception of 4IR.
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Mfana, Hasan, and Ali. "Odd/Even Order Sampling Soft-Core Architecture towards Mixed Signals Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Applications." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234567.
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Digitization is at the center of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) with previously analog systems being digitized through an analog-to-digital converter. In addition, 4IR applications such as fifth generation (5G) Cellular Networks Technology and Cognitive Electronic Warfare (EW) at some point interface digitally through an analog-to-digital converter. Efficient use of digital resources such as memory, largely depends on the signal sampling design of analog-to-digital converters. Existing even order sampling has been found to perform better than traditional sampling techniques. Research on the efficiency of a digital interface with a 4IR platform is still in its infancy. This paper presents a performance study of three sampling techniques: the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling architecture, existing Mod-∆, and traditional 1st order delta-sigma, to address this. Step-size signal-to-noise (SNR), dynamic range, and sampling frequency are also studied. It was found that the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling achieved an SNR performance of 6 dB in comparison to 18 dB for Mod-∆. Sampling frequency findings indicated that the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling achieved a sampling frequency of 2 kHz in comparison to 8 kHz from a traditional 1st order sigma-delta. Dynamic range findings indicated that the proposed odd/even order sampling has achieved a dynamic range of 1.088 volts/ms in comparison to 1.185 volts/ms from a traditional 1st order sigma-delta. Findings have indicated that the proposed odd/even order sampling has superior SNR and sampling frequency performances, while the dynamic range is reduced by 8%.
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Adegbite, Waliu Mulero, and Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun. "Fourth Industrial Revolution Skillsets and Employability Readiness for Future Job." Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies 7, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/807.7.1.35.49.
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This paper explores the employees' readiness in the manufacturing sector for the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) vis a vis the 10 critical skill-sets identified by the World Economic Forum (WEF). We took a critical review of relevant theories and highlighted pragmatic solutions. Data collection for this study was obtained through a questionnaire among the employees of a brewing production plant in Nigeria. Using the 5-point Likert scale, 231 copies of the questionnaire were administered to workers on site. The study results are reported using a sample t-test to represent the values of Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Cronbach Alpha to test for the instrument's internal consistency. The analysis results revealed that most skillsets that require continuous career and employability in the 4IR are seen as low among the sampled organization employees, with an average mean score of less than 3.41. Interestingly, service orientation and people management skills are ranked the highest readily available skill among the workers. Many studies look at graduate work readiness, while attention to current employees' context is just beginning to gain traction.
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Yang, Xu, Hongyan Xing, Xinyuan Ji, and Zenghui Wang. "Smart Localization of Thunderstorm Charge for Human 4IR Applications." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (April 16, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5548350.
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The relationship between smart devices and human beings is one of the research hotspots of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). In this regard, we explored the practical relationship between the 3D electric field components measured by the smart 3D atmospheric electric field apparatus (AEFA) and the thunderstorm activity from the perspective of the observer. Especially, in the application of AEFA, a smart calibration method is proposed to solve the problem of inconvenient thunderstorm data acquisition. Firstly, in order to obtain the thunderstorm charge position from the observation angle of the apparatus, this paper establishes a 3D electric field measurement model. According to the mirror method theory, we further obtain the charge potential distribution at AEFA. Then, the electric field components are derived by using the potential distribution formula with permittivity. In addition, based on the vector relation of the model, the thunderstorm charge azimuth and elevation angles are obtained. Finally, after the establishment of a new coordinate system, the calibration of charge localization is carried out, based on the observation point. Meanwhile, a preliminary solution is given to the problem that the elevation of the apparatus position affects the localization performance. Results show that the method matches the data of radar map and microphone array, which reflects the advantages of the method. Besides, this method can be used not only in sound source localization but also in AI thunderstorm monitoring system to realize a big data net observation.
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Bhattacharya, Sanjay, and K. S. Momaya. "Actionable strategy framework for digital transformation in AECO industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 28, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1397–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2020-0587.
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PurposeThe Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) holds the potential to improve capabilities- and technology-based innovation, which will enable breakout for architectural, engineering, construction and operation and maintenance (AECO) companies, for international competitiveness. Though the top management of such companies is convinced on the utility of the applications, they are unsure on the strategy of implementing the same. The objective of this research is to suggest a strategy framework for digital transformation of the AECO value chain.Design/methodology/approachThe nascent level of research on 4IR in construction necessitated the adoption of the integrative review methodology for the study. Extensive literature review of research on strategy and 4IR has been utilized to establish the validity of the first two pillars, namely “a strategy of simple rules in a complex environment; and deployment of dynamic capabilities.” The validation of a construct for the third pillar of “confluence of change and continuity forces” has been achieved via hypothesis testing of data obtained through a questionnaire survey.FindingsThe present study has integrated three diverse ideas of strategy, named as the pillars, to facilitate sustainable digital transformation. Within the third pillar, top three continuity forces which offer resistance to change are organization culture, existing delivery processes and networks, and existing standard operating procedures. On the other hand, the leading drivers of change are needs of competitiveness; global industry trends and the advent of new technologies/innovations.Research limitations/implicationsThis provides a practical approach to operationalize digital transformation of the AECO at an organization level. The validation relied on opinion and perspectives of a sample frame in the Indian context, which was its limitation.Originality/valueThis paper suggests a strategy framework of three pillars to help address specific strategy dilemmas during implementation of digital transformation of particular organizations in AECO. The study contributes to both theory and practice by helping leaders of AECO companies, associations, policymakers and the academia to strategize transformations successfully.
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Serrano-Palacio, Nicolas, and Jorge Gómez-Paredes. "Will our next revolution support or obstruct the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals?" Bionatura 4, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2019.04.02.2.
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The so called “Fourth Industrial Revolution” (4IR) 1, is an emerging phenomenon which will likely transform our lives and affect multiple sectors of society. This new revolution encompasses and combines a wide range of new technologies, such as quantum computing, nano and bio-technology, artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and advance automation. Foreseeing all the impacts and ripple effects that these technologies will have in our societies, in the next years, is a sizeable and difficult task. Much of the debate has usually been focused on automation, which the Cambridge Dictionary defines as “the use of machines or computers instead of people to do a job, especially in a factory or office” 2. The ongoing debate focuses, on the potential of automation to generate production efficiency benefits vs. the threat to increase unemployment lines. But the actual effects (positive and negative) of this revolution may be much wider and deeper, including social and environmental impacts closely related to sustainable development. Following, we present a brief non-exhaustive commentary on some of the potential advantages and disadvantages of the 4IR from the perspective of the 17 goals adopted by all parties to the United Nations on September 2015, as part of an agenda to tackle global problems and reach sustainable development3.
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Mutambara, David, and Anass Bayaga. "PREDICTING RURAL STEM TEACHERS’ ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE LEARNING IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION." Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcpmi.v10i2.404.
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In South Africa, high schools’ Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education is faced with many challenges. However, previous studies have shown that mobile learning (m-learning) can be used to lessen the challenges faced in STEM education. Despite the benefits that m-learning can bring into STEM classrooms, its adoption is still below the expected rate. The acceptance of m-learning depends on the attitude of its users. Most studies focused on learners’ acceptance of m-learning. However, very little is known about rural high school STEM teachers’ acceptance of m-learning in the Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. This study proposes a model, which extends the Technology Acceptance Model by introducing perceived social influence and perceived resources. Stratified random sampling was used to select 150 teachers to participate in the survey. A total of 114 valid questionnaires were collected, and data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The proposed model explained 37.9 % of the variance in teachers’ behavioural intention to use m-learning in the 4IR era. Perceived attitude towards the use was found to be the best predictor of teachers’ behavioural intention, followed by perceived ease of use, perceived resources, perceived social influence, and lastly perceived usefulness
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Mayer, Claude-Hélène, and Rudolf M. Oosthuizen. "Sense of Coherence, Compassionate Love and Coping in International Leaders during the Transition into the Fourth Industrial Revolution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082829.
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Contemporary workplaces are influenced by rapid changes, high levels of competition, increasing complexities and internationalisation processes. At the edge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), insecurities and anxieties are high, and leaders are encouraged more than ever to lead employees with meaningful vision and prudence in order to make use of employees’ strengths, and ensure mental health and well-being. The aim of this article is to present new insights into salutogenesis, particularly sense of coherence (SOC), compassionate love (CL), and coping (C) in leaders with different cultural backgrounds. This study strengthens the idea that CL is a coping mechanism. This coping mechanism can be used by leaders to establish a resilient and salutogenic organisations. This article explores the subjective perspectives of 22 international leaders from five different countries and their views regarding SOC, CL and C through a qualitative research approach, using a qualitative online questionnaire for data collection and content analysis for data analysis. The findings on the perspectives of leaders provide new and original insights into how SOC, CL and C are connected, and how these concepts contribute to healthy organisations which are on their way to the transition into the 4IR. Conclusions are drawn. Recommendations for future research and practice are given.
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Roma, Margie. "Redefining Assessment in Tourism and Hospitality Education." International Journal of Higher Education 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n4p113.
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Higher educational institutions (HEIs) play a substantial role in the development of knowledge and skills that can cope with the demands of industries in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). This study examined the alignment between the current assessment practices used by HEIs and the competencies demanded by the hospitality and tourism industry. It also aimed to develop an assessment strategy typology that could specifically target the competencies required by the industry. In addition, the study was able to determine the three most and the three least preferred assessment methods as perceived by the hotel and restaurant management students in a private university in Mandaluyong City, Philippines. The findings revealed the common assessment methods employed by teachers in Hospitality and Tourism Managemnt (HTM) major courses. The study argues that the use of these identified assessment methods likewise contribute in developing the emerging skills in the 4IR such as sense-making, social intelligence, novel and adaptive thinking, and new media literacy. Further, the innovative strategies in the application of the assessment methods were found to be effective in student learning. Accordingly, hospitality educators are encouraged to continuously hone their knowledge and skills to provide quality education and produce competent graduates ready to face the challenges of today’s technological era.