Relevant bibliographies by topics / 4T1

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '4T1'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "4T1"

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Li, Wenjie, Haiqian Xu, and Cheng Qian. "c-Kit-Positive Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Growth and Angiogenesis of Breast Cancer." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7407168.

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Background. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) improve the regenerative ability and retention of fat grafts for breast reconstruction in cancer patients following mastectomy. However, ASCs have also been shown to promote breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. For the safety of ASC application, we aimed to identify specific markers for the subpopulation of ASCs that enhance the growth of breast cancer.Methods. ASCs and bone marrow-derived vascular endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated from Balb/c mice. c-Kit-positive (c-Kit+) or c-Kit-negative (c-Kit-) ASCs were cocultured with 4T1 breast cancer cells. Orthotropic murine models of 4T1, EPCs + 4T1, and c-Kit+/-ASCs + 4T1/EPCs were established in Balb/c mice.Results. In coculture, c-Kit+ASCs enhanced the viability and proliferation of 4T1 cells and stimulated c-Kit expression and interleukin-3 (IL-3) release. In mouse models, c-Kit+ASCs + 4T1/EPCs coinjection increased the tumor volume and vessel formation. Moreover, IL-3, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A in the c-Kit+ASCs + 4T1/EPCs coinjection group were higher than those in the 4T1, EPCs + 4T1, and c-Kit-ASCs + 4T1/EPCs groups.Conclusions. c-Kit+ASCs may promote breast cancer growth and angiogenesis by a synergistic effect of c-Kit and IL-3. Our findings suggest that c-Kit+subpopulations of ASCs should be eliminated in fat grafts for breast reconstruction of cancer patients following mastectomy.
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Imamura, Mayu, Tiantian Li, Chunning Li, Masayoshi Fujisawa, Naofumi Mukaida, Akihiro Matsukawa, and Teizo Yoshimura. "Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts for the Production of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in the Murine 4T1 Breast Cancer." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 43, no. 3 (October 22, 2021): 1726–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030122.

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The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is shown to promote the progression of breast cancer. We previously identified cancer cell-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a potential regulator of MCP-1 production in the murine 4T1 breast cancer, but it played a minimum role in overall MCP-1 production. Here, we evaluated the crosstalk between 4T1 cells and fibroblasts. When fibroblasts were co-cultured with 4T1 cells or stimulated with the culture supernatants of 4T1 cells (4T1-sup), MCP-1 production by fibroblasts markedly increased. 4T1 cells expressed mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-a, b and c, and the PDGF receptor inhibitor crenolanib almost completely inhibited 4T1-sup-induced MCP-1 production by fibroblasts. However, PDGF receptor antagonists failed to reduce MCP-1 production in tumor-bearing mice. Histologically, 4T1 tumors contained a small number of αSMA-positive fibroblasts, and Mcp-1 mRNA was mainly associated with macrophages, especially those surrounding necrotic lesions on day 14, by in situ hybridization. Thus, although cancer cells have the capacity to crosstalk with fibroblasts via PDGFs, this crosstalk does not play a major role in MCP-1 production or cancer progression in this model. Unraveling complex crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells will help us identify new targets to help treat breast cancer patients.
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Du, Jia, Yang Sun, Xiu-Feng Wang, Yi-Yu Lu, Qian-Mei Zhou, and Shi-Bing Su. "Establishment of an Experimental Breast Cancer ZHENG Model and Curative Effect Evaluation of Zuo-Jin Wan." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/324732.

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Herbal formulas based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (ZHENG) have been used as alternative treatments for breast cancer. However, there is a lack of the experimental animal ZHENG model for the evaluation of the herbal formulas. In this study, we have established 4T1 mouse breast cancer with Liver Fire Invading Stomach Syndrome model (4T1 LFISS mice) and investigated the effects of the herbal formula, Zuo-Jin Wan (ZJW). Our results showed that 4T1 LFISS mice have the features of LFISS including irritability, loss of appetite, yellow urine, chow, and a tail hot. Compared to untreated 4T1 LFISS mice, ZJW significantly reduced tumor weight and volume (P<0.05), although it was weaker than Cisplatin. However, ZJW significantly increased the body weight and food intake of 4T1 LFISS mice and decreased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels and ZHENG score (P<0.05), while Cisplatin reduced the food intake, and body weight and increased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels in 4T1 LFISS mice. Our study has provided a mouse breast cancer ZHENG model and showed that ZJW suppresses tumor growth and improves LFISS and kidney and liver functions in the 4T1 LFISS mice.
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ABDUL HAFID, SITTI RAHMA, and AMMU KUTTY RADHAKRISHNAN. "ELUCIDATING THE ROLE OF THE SATB1 GENE IN BREAST CANCER CARCINOGENESIS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TOCOTRIENOL-RICH FRACTION: EVIDENCE FROM A SYNGENEIC MOUSE MODEL OF BREAST CANCER." Malaysian Applied Biology 50, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v50i3.2087.

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Tocotrienols are reported to possess anticancer activities. Recently we showed that the anticancer effects of tocotrienolrich fraction (TRF) may be through inhibition of the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) gene in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer (BC). The present study aims to further explore the role of the SATB1 gene in murine BC cells. The expression of the SATB1 gene in the 4T1 murine BC cells was partially knocked down (SATB1-4T1) using the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology and these cells were injected into the mammary pads of mice. Control groups were injected with wild-type 4T1 (WT 4T1) cells. When the tumour was palpable, half of the mice in both groups were fed daily with 1 mg TRF and received intraperitoneal injections of dendritic cells pulsed with tumour lysate (DC+TL) once a week for three weeks. The tumour incidence in mice injected with the SATB1-4T1 cells was reduced (p<0.05) and this effect was independent of TRF supplementation. However, in mice injected with WT-4T1, there was inhibition of tumour growth (p<0.05) only in the group fed with TRF. In addition, the expression of S1004A and mutant P53 genes were suppressed in tumours from animals that were injected with the SATB1-4T1 cells, irrespective of TRF supplementation; which was also observed in tumours from mice injected with WT 4T1 cells and fed with TRF. These findings suggest that TRF may work through the SATB1 pathway.
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Hoyos, M. A., T. Calderon, I. Vergara, and J. Garcia-Solé. "New structural and spectroscopic data for eosphorite." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 387 (June 1993): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.387.16.

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AbstractX-ray diffraction refinement of the crystal structure of eosphorite has been carried out with reference to the orthorhombic space group Cmca. The structure is similar to that previously described by Hanson (1960), but the standard deviations are improved. Optical absorption and photoluminescence have also been studied for this mineral. Two sharp emission lines, denoted as R1 and R2, superimposed to a broad band (630-750 nm) have been related to the presence of Cr3+ ions. The excitation spectrum of these emissions confirms that the absorption (excitation) bands centred at 431 nm and 585 are related to with 4A2 → 4T1 and 4A2 → 4T2 spin allowed transitions of this ion.
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Morshed, Ramin, Alexander Haddad, Saket Jain, Sabraj Gill, Jordan Spatz, and Manish K. Aghi. "TAMI-06. TUMOR CELL-DERIVED CYTOKINE EXPRESSION CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN METASTASIS IN A SYNGENEIC MOUSE MODEL OF BREAST CANCER." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.790.

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Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States, and brain metastases occur in almost a third of patients with metastatic dissemination. Immunoediting is a critical component of metastatic tumor cell elimination, and tumor clones that develop immune-escape mechanisms are associated with progression and metastatic dissemination. We hypothesized that breast cancer brain metastatic cells harbor immunomodulatory cytokine expression changes that promote an immunosuppressive environment to avoid immune cell-mediated elimination. To study this, a syngeneic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer was used. A brain metastatic line derived from the 4T1 breast cancer parental cell line was created by serially selecting brain metastatic populations of cells after intracardiac injection (4T1 BrM). A gene-expression analysis using an 800-gene cancer immunology-specific microarray panel was performed comparing the 4T1 parental and 4T1 BrM lines. 4T1 BrM cells demonstrate gene expression changes promoting immunosuppression including significant upregulation of IL18 and Lgals9 (Galectin-9) and downregulation of CD40, IL2rg, CCL2, and EOMES. When compared to 4T1 parental lines, the 4T1 BrM line demonstrated decreased expression of CCL2 and increased expression of GM-CSF on a cytokine array, corresponding to results obtained from gene expression analysis. These results suggest tumor-intrinsic cytokine expression changes that may mediate an immunosuppressive environment.
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Wang, Bai Bin, Chi Fen Chang, Yan Ru Li, Thanh Nam Chau, and Wein Duo Yang. "Synthesis and Light-Emission Properties of Manganese-Doped Calcium Zirconate Phosphor and Manganese-Doped Strontium Zirconate Phosphor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 234 (November 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.234.1.

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This study successfully synthesized manganese-doped calcium zirconate phosphor and manganese-doped strontium zirconate phosphor using the sol-gel method. We employed X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze the crystal structure and spectral characteristics of both phosphors. In X-ray powder diffraction analysis, data related to manganese-doped calcium zirconate phosphor and manganese-doped strontium zirconate phosphor were compared using X-ray diffraction comparison software to confirm the crystal structures of both phosphors. The crystal structure of manganese-doped calcium zirconate phosphor was in accordance with orthorhombic perovskites belonging to the Pnma {62} space group. The lattice parameters were a=5.762 Å, b=8.017 Å, and c=5.591 Å; c/a=0.97; volume=258.3 Å3, and density=4.611 g/cm3. The crystal structure of manganese-doped strontium zirconate phosphor conformed to orthorhombic perovskites belonging to the Pnma {62} space group, and the lattice parameters were a=5.818 Å, b=8.204 Å, c=5.797 Å; c/a=0.996; volume=276.7 Å3, and density=5.446 g/cm3. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the primary broadband peak of manganese-doped calcium zirconate phosphor was located at 396.6 nm in the excitation spectrum corresponding to the 4T2(4G)4T1(4P) energy level transition. In the emission spectrum, the primary broadband peak was located at 596.6 nm, corresponding to the 4T2(4D)4T2(4G) energy level transition. For manganese-doped strontium zirconate phosphor, the primary broadband peak was located at 496.6 nm in the excitation spectrum and at 696.6 nm in the emission spectrum, corresponding to the 4T1(4G)4T2(4D) and 4E(4G)4T1(4G) energy level transitions, respectively.
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Yoshimura, Teizo, Kaoru Nakamura, Chunning Li, Masayoshi Fujisawa, Tsuyoshi Shiina, Mayu Imamura, Tiantian Li, Naofumi Mukaida, and Akihiro Matsukawa. "Cancer Cell-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Is Dispensable for the Progression of 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 16, 2019): 6342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246342.

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We previously reported that 4T1 murine breast cancer cells produce GM-CSF that up-regulates macrophage expression of several cancer promoting genes, including Mcp-1/Ccl2, Ccl17 and Rankl, suggesting a critical role of cancer cell-derived GM-CSF in cancer progression. Here, we attempted to define whether 4T1 cell-derived GM-CSF contributes to the expression of these genes by 4T1tumors, and their subsequent progression. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-GM-CSF neutralizing antibody did not decrease the expression of Mcp-1, Ccl17 or Rankl mRNA by 4T1 tumors. To further examine the role of cancer cell-derived GM-CSF, we generated GM-CSF-deficient 4T1 cells by using the Crisper-Cas9 system. As previously demonstrated, 4T1 cells are a mixture of cells and cloning of cells by itself significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis. By contrast, GM-CSF-deficiency did not affect tumor growth, lung metastasis or the expression of these chemokine and cytokine genes in tumor tissues. By in-situ hybridization, the expression of Mcp-1 mRNA was detected in both F4/80-expressing and non-expressing cells in tumors of GM-CSF-deficient cells. These results indicate that cancer cell-derived GM-CSF is dispensable for the tuning of the 4T1 tumor microenvironment and the production of MCP-1, CCL17 or RANKL in the 4T1 tumor microenvironment is likely regulated by redundant mechanisms.
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Pereira, Jonathas Xavier, Sofia Nascimento dos Santos, Thaís Canuto Pereira, Mariana Cabanel, Roger Chammas, Felipe Leite de Oliveira, Emerson Soares Bernardes, and Márcia Cury El-Cheikh. "Galectin-3 Regulates the Expression of Tumor Glycosaminoglycans and Increases the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2019 (December 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9827147.

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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding lectin that once synthesized is expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell surface, and extracellular environment. Gal-3 plays an important role in breast cancer tumors due to its ability to promote interactions between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) elements, increasing tumor survival and metastatic dissemination. Still, the mechanism by which Gal-3 interferes with tumor cell migration and metastasis formation is complex and not fully understood. Here, we showed that Gal-3 knockdown increased the migration ability of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells in vitro. Using the 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer spontaneous metastasis mouse model, we demonstrated that 4T1-derived tumors were significantly larger in the presence of Gal-3 (scramble) in comparison with Gal-3 knockdown 4T1-derived tumors. Nevertheless, Gal-3 knockdown 4T1 cells were outnumbered in the bone marrow in comparison with scramble 4T1 cells. Finally, we reported here a decrease in the content of cell-surface syndecan-1 and an increase in the levels of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans such as versican in Gal-3 knockdown 4T1 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings establish that Gal-3 downregulation during breast cancer progression regulates cell-associated and tumor microenvironment glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PG), thus enhancing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Emamian, Manouchehr, Akbar Abbaspour, Tina Shahani, Alireza Biglari, and Ali Sharafi. "Non-viral Suicide Gene Therapy: Cytosine Deaminase Gene Directed by VEGF Promoter and 5-fluorocytosine as a Gene Directed Enzyme/prodrug System in Breast Cancer Model." Drug Research 71, no. 07 (June 28, 2021): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1488-6054.

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AbstractThe present study investigated the potential of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter to derive cytosine deaminase (CD) transfected by polyamidoamine (G4-PAMAM) dendrimers to 4T1 murine breast cancer cell line as gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy. The VEGF promoter and cytosine deaminase gene were cloned into the pEGFP-N1vector from the genomic DNA of 4T1 and E. coli, respectively. The frequency of transfection for VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1 and pEGFP-N1- CD treated groups was 35±3 and 36±4, respectively. MTT assay was perform to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of converted 5-flurocytosine on 4T1 cells. Also, the optimal concentration of 5-FC in 4T1 cells transfected by VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1 plasmid was evaluated. The GFP expression of transfected 4T1 cells by VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1were observed by fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry. Results demonstrated that the suicide CD gene was successfully expressed in 4T1 cells determined by RT-PCR and GFP expression. A concentration of 200 μg/ml 5-FC was identified as optimal dose of prodrug. Furthermore, the CD/5-FC enzyme/prodrug system not only demonstrated toxicity on transformed 4T1 cells but also exerted a ‘bystander effect’ determined by MTT assay. The results showed that by 35% transfection with VEGF-CD–pEGFP-N1and CD-pEGFP-N1 plasmids, 80% and 90% inhibition of the cells growth occurred, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "4T1"

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Gosselin, Marie-Pierre. "Vectorisation de petits acides nucléiques par des lipopolyplexes : application au cancer du sein." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2017/document.

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Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai utilisé des complexes composés d’acides nucléiques, d’un polymère cationique et de liposomes cationiques appelés Lipopolyplexes pour formuler des siRNA (LPRi) et un leurre ADN (LPD) afin inhiber la croissance des cellules 4T1, un modèle murin de carcinome mammaire. Dans une première étude, des injections systémique ou endotrachéale de LPRi avec des siRNA anti-luciférase n’ont pas permis d’inhiber l’expression de la luciférase dans des métastases pulmonaires induites par des cellules 4T1-luciférase. A partir de ces résultats, les LPRi ont été améliorés en ciblant les cellules 4T1 avec le peptide uPA et/ou RGDc ou l’acide folique incorporés aux liposomes selon diverses approches. Les formulations obtenues ont été caractérisées, leur endocytose et l’effet siRNA mesurés in vitro. Cette deuxième partie a permis d’établir que les LPRi décorés avec du folate étaient la meilleure formulation ciblée. Dans une troisième partie, l’inhibition de la prolifération des cellules 4T1 a été recherchée en ciblant le facteur de transcription STAT3. Des LPRi anti-STAT3 ont montré une très bonne efficacité pour inhiber STAT3, mais sans effet antiprolifératif significatif. Des LPD anti-STAT3 ont montré un très bon effet antiprolifératif, celui-ci étant renforcé lorsqu’une co-délivrance siRNA/leurre ADN (LPRiD) a été réalisée. In vivo, un délai de la croissance des tumeurs 4T1 a été observé après co-délivrance siRNA/leurre ADN. Cette thèse a permis de montrer l’efficacité des lipopolyplexes pour la délivrance combinée de siRNA et de leurre ADN dans les cellules tumorales 4T1. Ils indiquent que des études sont cependant nécessaires pour augmenter leur délivrance in vivo dans la tumeur
During this thesis, I used complexes made with nucleic acids, cationic polymer and cationic liposomes called Lipopolyplexes to formulate siRNA (LPRi) and DNA molecular decoy (LPD) in order to inhibit the growth of 4T1 cells, a murine model of mammary carcinoma. In a first study, systemic or endotracheal injections of LPRi comprising anti-luciferase siRNA did not allow luciferase inhibition in pulmonary metastases induced by 4T1-Luc cells. From these results, LPRi were improved by targeting 4T1 cells using incorporation, by different means, of uPA and/or RGDc peptide or folic acid in liposomes. Resulted formulations were characterized, their internalization and siRNA transfection efficiency were measured in vitro. This second part showed that folate targeting of LPRi was the best formulation. In a third part, proliferation inhibition of 4T1 cells was investigated by targeting the STAT3 transcription factor. Anti-STAT3 siRNA LPRi showed very good efficacy in inhibiting STAT3, but without significant antiproliferative effect. Anti-STAT3 decoy LPD showed a very good antiproliferative effect, the latter being reinforced when co-delivery siRNA/DNA decoy (LPRiD) was performed. In vivo, a growth retardation of 4T1 tumors was observed after co-delivery siRNA/DNA decoy. This thesis demonstrated the effectiveness of lipopolyplexes for combined delivery of siRNA and DNA decoy in the 4T1 tumor cells. Some studies are however required to increase their in vivo delivery into the tumor
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Silva, Nicolle Camilla Rodrigues da. "Influência da composição de lipídeos da dieta no desenvolvimento do carcinoma mamário murino 4T1." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9MYLBM.

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Dietary lipids have been shown to influence breast cancer development at several stages in the carcinogenic process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect oils,containing low n-6/n-3 ratio, in tumor development and metastatic dissemination of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of 14 animals each fed semisynthetic AIN-93G diet containing 4g/100g soybean oil (Control), canola oil (Canola), fish oil (Fish) or flaxseed oil (linseed). The animals were fed ad libitum for 50 days, and on the 30th day seven animals in each group were inoculated with 4T1 cells (2.5 x 106) and named: Control 4T1, Canola 4T1, Fish 4T1 and Flaxseed 4T1. Body weight was recorded weekly. Cholesterol and triglycerides were determined by enzymatic assay. Fractionation of serum lipoproteins was performed by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatografy system. Quantification of hepatic lipids and cecal was performed as described by Folch et al. Assessment of lipid peroxidation was based on the determination of concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). For histological analysis of the primary tumor and metastases, samples were collected, fixed and intended for cutting and staining with hematoxylin & eosin, and for blades for immunohistochemistry to identify CDC47. Further biochemical analyzes for assessing inflammation were conducted by plasma levels of the enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), angiogenic, through the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hemoglobin (Hb), and the participation of the cytokine TNF-. There was no change in body weight of the animals during the experimental period. The animals in the Control 4T1 group decreased adduced lipoprotein cholesterol and increased fecal excretion of total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides compared to Control group. The Flaxseed 4T1 group had increased cholesterol and triglycerides circulating in relation to Linseed and Control 4T1 groups and decreased lipid content in the liver compared to Flaxseed group. Likewise, the Fish 4T1 group had higher levels of circulating triglycerides in relation to Fish group, but had lower triglyceride content in the liver compared to the other groups with tumor. Canola 4T1 group had lower hepatic levels of TBARS. No change in tumor growth and metastasis number among the groups. In relation to cell proliferation, Canola 4T1 group had higher expression of CDC47 protein compared to Control 4T1 group. The Fish 4T1 group showed increased MPO and NAG reduction in tumor site. No significant change was observed in the Hb concentration, however, increased by VEGF in Fish 4T1 group compared to other groups. Furthermore there was no change of TNF- in the tumor site. This present study that showed different oils did not alter tumor growth and the number of metastases, but exert distinct effects on lipid metabolism, inflammatory and angiogenic processes effects, and cellular proliferation in murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 model.
Os lipídeos da dieta têm demonstrado influenciar o desenvolvimento do câncer da mama em vários estágios do processo cancerígeno. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o efeito de diferentes óleos, contendo baixa relação n-6/n-3, no desenvolvimento neoplásico e na disseminação metastática do carcinoma mamário murino 4T1. Camundongos BALB/c fêmeas foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos com 14 animais cada, alimentados com dieta semi-sintética AIN-93G contendo 4g/100g de óleo de soja (Controle), óleo de canola (Canola), óleo de peixe (Peixe) ou óleo de linhaça (Linhaça). Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum por 50 dias, sendo que, no 30º dia sete animais de cada grupo foram inoculados com células 4T1 (2,5 x 106) e denominados: Controle 4T1, Canola 4T1, Peixe 4T1 e Linhaça 4T1. Peso corporal foi registrado semanalmente. Colesterol e triglicerídeos foram determinados por ensaio enzimático. O fracionamento das lipoproteínas séricas foi realizado pelo sistema de Fast Protein Liquid Chromatografy. A quantificação de lipídeos hepáticos e cecais foi feita conforme descrito por Folch e colaboradores. A avaliação da peroxidação lipídica baseou-se na dosagem da concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Para análise histológica do tumor primário e metástases, as amostras foram coletadas, fixadas e destinadas para cortes e coloração com Hematoxilina & Eosina, e para produção de lâminas para imuno-histoquímica para identificação de CDC47. Foram realizadas análises bioquímicas para avaliação do processo inflamatório, por meio das dosagens das enzimas N-Acetil-ß-D-Glicosaminidase (NAG) e mieloperoxidase (MPO), angiogênicos, através dos níveis de fator de crescimento vascular endotelial (VEGF) e hemoglobina (Hb), e a participação da citocina TNF-. Não houve alteração do peso corporal dos animais ao longo do período experimental. Os animais do grupo Controle 4T1 tiveram redução de colesterol carreado nas lipoproteínas e maior excreção fecal de lipídeos totais, colesterol e triglicerídeos comparado ao grupo Controle. O grupo Linhaça 4T1 apresentou aumento de colesterol e de triglicerídeos circulantes em relação aos grupos Linhaça e Controle 4T1 e diminuição do conteúdo de lipídeos hepáticos comparado ao grupo Linhaça. Da mesma forma, o grupo Peixe 4T1 apresentou maiores níveis de triglicerídeos circulantes em relação ao grupo Peixe, porém mostrou menor conteúdo de triglicerídeos no fígado em relação aos demais grupos com tumor. O grupo Canola 4T1 teve menores níveis hepáticos de TBARS. Não houve alteração no crescimento do tumor e número metástases entre os grupos avaliados. Em relação à proliferação celular, o grupo Canola 4T1 teve maior expressão da proteína CDC47 em relação ao grupo Controle 4T1. O grupo Peixe 4T1 apresentou aumento de MPO e redução de NAG no sítio tumoral. Não foi observada alteração significativa na concentração de Hb, porém, houve aumento de VEGF no grupo Peixe 4T1 em relação aos demais grupos. Ademais não houve alteração de TNF- no sítio tumoral. O presente estudo demonstrou que os diferentes óleos, não modificaram o crescimento do tumor e metástases, mas exercem efeitos distintos sobre o metabolismo lipídico, processos angiogênicos e inflamatórios, e na proliferação celular em modelo de carcinoma mamário murino 4T1.
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Souza, Cristina Maria de. "Carcinoma mamário murino 4T1: características morfológicas, imunofenotípicas, bioquímicas e ensaios pré-clínicos com talidomida/ carboplatina." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-99MH3V.

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4T1 murine mammary carcinoma is a widely used experimental model in the evaluation and better understanding of tumor biology. This is a highly tumorigenic cell line and invasive and metastasis are observed in several organs. This study aims to characterize the morphological, immunophenotypic, biochemical and preclinical trials with thalidomide/ carboplatin in the development of murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma in Balb/c. For this study all animals were inoculated with 2.5 x 106 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells in the left flank (sub-cutaneous). After implantation tumor growth was monitored at different times of development in accordance with the study protocol. Morphologically, the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma shows malignant epithelial proliferation in solid arrangement with proliferation of pleomorphic cells and high mitotic index. The results suggest that this experimental tumor mitotic index, and the number of apoptotic vessels are directly related to tumor evolution. The results immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive for hormone receptors, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, receptors, and markers of cell proliferation of blood vessels. Biochemical tests were also conducted in order to evaluate the role of angiogenic and inflammatory processes in tumor progression. Our results demonstrate that pro-angiogenic cytokines (VEGF), inflammatory (TNF-), macrophages and neutrophils participate actively in the development of murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma, and metastases. Aiming to suggest alternative therapies including greater specificity of antitumor chemotherapeutic agent, low toxicity and possible drug combinations, three trials were proposed. When evaluating the effect of treatment with thalidomide (150 mg/kg/day) on tumor growth in mice 4T1 Balb/c was observed that thalidomide reduces neoplastic growth by controlling neovascularization and recruitment of inflammatory cells in the tumor. Already administration of carboplatin (100mg/kg) was able to reduce by 50% the tumor volume and number of pulmonary metastases, the rate of cell proliferation and vascularization of tumors. Finally, to evaluate the effect of combination thalidomide/ carboplatin in 4T1 tumor growth was observed that this treatment regimen caused greater reduction in tumor size and number of lung metastases as compared to isolated treatments and increased survival of the animals.
O carcinoma mamário murino 4T1 é um modelo experimental muito utilizado na avaliação e melhor compreensão da biologia dos tumores. Trata-se de uma linhagem celular altamente tumorigênica e invasiva, onde são observadas metástases em diversos órgãos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos morfológicos, imunofenotípicos, bioquímicos e ensaios pré-clínicos com talidomida/carboplatina no desenvolvimento do carcinoma mamário murino 4T1 em camundongos Balb/c. Para a realização deste estudo todos os animais foram inoculados com 2,5 x 106 células do carcinoma mamário 4T1 no flanco esquerdo (sub-cutâneo). Após a implantação o crescimento do tumor foi acompanhado em diferentes tempos de desenvolvimento de acordo com protocolo de estudo. Morfologicamente, o carcinoma mamário murino 4T1 apresenta proliferação epitelial maligna em arranjo sólido, com proliferação de células pleomórficas e elevado índice mitótico. Os resultados sugerem que nesse tumor experimental o índice mitótico, apoptótico e o número de vasos estão diretamente relacionados com a evolução tumoral. Na análise imuno-histoquímica determinou-se positividade para os receptores hormonais, citoqueratina AE1/AE3, receptores de proliferação celular e marcadores de vasos sanguíneos. Testes bioquímicos também foram realizados com o intuito de avaliar a participação dos processos angiogênicos e inflamatórios na progressão tumoral. Nossos resultados demonstram que citocinas pro-angiogênica (VEGF), inflamatórias (TNF-), macrófagos e neutrófilos participam ativamente do desenvolvimento do carcinoma mamário murino 4T1, assim como nas metástases. Com o objetivo de sugerir alternativas de terapias antitumorais, incluindo maior especificidade do agente quimioterápico, baixa toxicidade e possibilidade de associação de drogas, três ensaios foram propostos. Ao avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com talidomida (150 mg/Kg/dia) no crescimento do tumor 4T1 em camundongos Balb/c foi possível observar que a talidomida reduz o desenvolvimento neoplásico ao controlar a neovascularização e recrutamento de células inflamatórias neste tumor. Já administração de carboplatina (100mg/kg) foi capaz de reduzir em 50% o volume do tumor, o número de metástases pulmonares, a taxa de proliferação celular e vascularização dos tumores. Por fim, ao avaliar o efeito da associação talidomida/carboplatina no crescimento do tumor 4T1 foi possível observar que este esquema terapêutico provocou maior redução no tamanho do tumor e no número de metástases pulmonares quanto comparados aos tratamentos isolados e aumento na sobrevida dos animais.
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Caffaro, Leonardo Affonso Massabki. "Influência da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea no crescimento de carcinoma 4T1 em glândula mamária de camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-06062017-083836/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da TENS no crescimento do tumor e área de necrose no tecido viável do carcinoma 4T1 em glândula mamária de camundongos. 22 camundongos Balb/c foram dividos em três grupos e submetidos à inoculação de células 4T1 e tratados por 20 minutos durante 10 dias: grupo do placebo (GP) estimulado com a intensidade zerada; grupo de alta frequência (GAF), tratados com frequência de 100 Hertz (Hz) e o grupo de baixa frequência (GBF), com frequência de 10 Hz. Os demais parâmetros da TENS foram duração do pulso - 200 microssegundos (?s) e intensidade sensorial. A intensidade foi reajustada em 1,0 mA a cada cinco minutos nos grupos GAF e GBF para evitar a acomodação da corrente. O crescimento do tumor foi mensurado seis vezes por meio de um paquímetro digital e depois de 10 sessões de tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados por injeção de xilazina e quetamina. Os tumores foram extirpados para análise histológica. O teste Two-way ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostrou que houve um aumento no volume do tumor em todos os grupos (p < 0,001) e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na relação entre grupos e tempo (p > 0,05). O One-way ANOVA mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para área de necrose no tecido neoplásico viável (p > 0,05). Concluiu-se que a TENS não influenciou o crescimento tumoral do carcinoma 4T1
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of TENS in tumor growth and necrotic area in viable tissue of 4T1 mammary gland carcinoma in mice. 22 Balb/c mice were subjected to inoculation of 4T1 cells and were divided into 3 groups subjected to 20 minutes of treatment for 10 days: placebo group (PG) stimulated with intensity at zero; High frequency group (HFG), treated with a frequency of 100 Hertz (Hz) and Low frequency group (LFG), with 10 Hz frequency. The others TENS parameters were pulse duration - 200 microseconds (?s) and sensory intensity. The intensity was readjusted on 1.0 mA every five minutes in HFG and LFG groups to avoid the current accommodation. The tumor growth was measured by a caliper six times and after 10 treatment sessions, the animals were euthanized by injection of xylazine and ketamine. The tumors were excised for histological analysis. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that there was an increase in tumor volume in all groups (p < 0.001) and there was no statistically significant difference in the relationship among groups and time (p > 0.05). One-way ANOVA showed that there was no statistically difference between groups for necrotic area in viable neoplastic tissue (p > 0.05). It was concluded that TENS did not influence the tumor growth of 4T1 carcinoma
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Harbourne, Bryant Thomas. "Effect of hypoxia-inducible secreted protein, tenascin c, on 4T1 tumour cells in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45992.

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Introduction: Metastatic cancer is responsible for 90% of cancer related deaths. Past research focused mainly on the primary tumour, leaving the process of metastasis poorly understood. Poorly oxygenated (hypoxic) tumour cells express hypoxia inducible proteins and have a more aggressive and invasive phenotype correlated with poorer prognosis. Hypoxic tumour cells are responsible for increased angiogenesis, invasion, matrix deposition and remodelling along with many other functions. We hypothesize hypoxic tumour secreted proteins are responsible for promoting metastasis. Our aim is to identify these hypoxia inducible secreted proteins and determine mechanisms promoting metastasis. Methods: Mammary carcinoma cells (4T1 – metastatic and 67NR – non-metastatic) were placed in 1% O₂ (hypoxic) or 21% O₂ (normoxic) for 24 hours. Stable Isotope Labelling of Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry were used to perform a quantitative proteomic screen of conditioned medium. Proteins in 4T1 conditioned media, up-regulated in hypoxia and absent from the 67NR results represented candidate secreted proteins in metastasis. Tenascin C (TNC), a candidate protein identified from the proteomic screen was stably knocked down and over-expressed. In vitro, the Boyden chamber and wound healing assay were used to study invasion and migration. In vivo, metastasis was assessed using flow cytometry-based quantification of metastasized tumour cells in the murine lungs. Results: (TNC) was identified as a secreted protein with a role promoting metastasis in vivo through enhanced migratory ability. In vitro, knockdown of TNC in 4T1 enhanced migratory ability whereas over-expression decreased migratory ability. These results were contradictory to the expected results based on the hypothesized in vivo role. However, in vivo knockdown of TNC in 4T1 tumour cells resulted in a significant decrease in lung metastases. These results are consistent with the expected role of TNC in vivo. Conclusions: Despite the contradictory results in vitro, TNC had a positive metastatic role potentially through a migratory mechanism. TNC represents a potential new therapeutic drug target. Given the 4T1 cell line results, these data support further examination of the migratory role of TNC and how it promotes metastasis. In addition, TNC expression in other tumour cell lines including human breast cancer should be examined.
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Silva, Renata Carvalho. "Fototoxicidade de nanoemulsão de extrato de crajiru (Arrabidaea chica) em linhagem de células de adenocarcinoma mamário murino (4T1)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15126.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, 2013.
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A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma terapia alternativa a cura de diversas doenças, entre elas o câncer. Um novo conjunto de fármacos fotossensibilizantes (FS) de origem natural oriunda de extratos e óleos vegetais tem sido testado na terapia contra o câncer. Porém, a maioria desses fármacos FS apresentam alguns entraves para uso clínico e nesse contexto, as nanoemulsões poliméricas, sistemas cineticamente estáveis, apresentam diversas potencialidades como sistemas carreadores de fármacos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e avaliar as possíveis propriedades fotoquímicas e fotofísicas do extrato clorofórmico de partes aéreas de crajiru (Arrabidaea chica) livre (ECr) e incorporado em nanoemulsão polimérica (NanoECr) e testar os efeitos da nanoemulsão na TFD contra células de adenocarcinoma mamário murino (4T1) in vitro. Por análises no espectrofotômetro, tanto o ECr quanto a NanoECr apresentaram absorbância em comprimento de onda de 670 nm e fluorescência em 690 nm e apresentaram produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio pelo teste de decaimento da absorbância do benzofurano, características fundamentais para serem considerados fármacos úteis em TFD. Pela técnica de espalhamento dinâmico da luz, a NanoECr apresentou diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio de 370,5 ± 264,31 nm, PdI de 0,133 ± 0,01 e carga de superfície de – 36,1 ± 0,15 mV, características que predizem que a formulação é estável. Nas microscopias eletrônicas de transmissão (MET) e varredura (MEV), as NanoECr apresentaram morfologia esférica e superfície rugosa com diâmetros médios de 374 ± 117 nm (MET) e 367 ± 69 nm (MEV antes da metalização) e 488 ± 70 nm (após metalização), sendo a MEV sem metalização o protocolo adequado para caracterização morfométrica dessas nanoestruturas. Após incubação da linhagem celular 4T1 com a NanoECr em várias concentrações na ausência de irradiação, foi determinada, por MTT, a concentração não tóxica (54 µg/mL) e em seguida, por espectrofotômetro e microscopia confocal o tempo máximo de interação da NanoECr com a linhagem 4T1 (15 minutos). Associando 54 µg/mL de NanoECr, por 15 min com irradiação com laser de comprimento de onda de 670 nm, morte celular ocorreu quando as células foram 2 2irradiadas com doses de energia variando entre 8,57 J/cm a 85,7 J/cm, e apenas na 2dose de energia de 85,7 J/cm (maior dose de energia utilizada no experimento) ocorreu 100% de morte celular. Na avaliação do tipo de morte celular, as células 2irradiadas em doses de energia de 25,7 J/cm apresentaram morte por apoptose, visualizada em microscopia confocal pela intensa marcação em laranja de corpos apoptóticos (laranja de acridina) e pela visualização de blebs e danos a mitocôndrias e 2retículo endoplasmático observados em MET. Já na dose de 85,7 J/cm, a necrose foi o tipo de celular ocorrido, observado pela intensa marcação do citoplasma das células em vermelho (brometo de etídeo) em microscopia confocal e por danos a membrana plasmática com extravasamento de conteúdo celular e presença de vacúolos no interior das células observadas em MET. Concluiu-se que o extrato clorofórmico de partes aéreas do crajiru incorporado em nanoemulsões poliméricas de PVM/MA é uma potencial formulação fotossensibilizante para uso em TFD. Além disso, as características desta preparação oferecem a perspectiva de que esta possa ser utilizada como um fotossensibilizante de 3ª geração na TFD. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative therapy to cure a lot of diseases, including cancer. A new set of photosensitizing (PS) drugs arising from natural plants, as vegetable oils and extracts have been tested in cancer therapy. However, most of these PS drugs present some difficulties for clinical use and in this context, polymeric nanoemulsions, kinetically stable systems, have several potential as drug carrier systems. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate possible photochemical and photophysical properties of the chloroform extract of aerial parts of crajiru (Arrabidaea chica) free (ECR ) and incorporated in polymeric nanoemulsion (NanoECr) and test the effects of this nanoemulsion in PDT against murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells ( 4T1 ) in vitro. By spectrophotometer analysis in both the ECr and NanoECr showed absorbance at a wavelength of 670 nm and fluorescence at 690 nm and production of reactive oxygen species by the decay of the absorbance of the test benzofuran, key features to be considered useful drugs in PDT. At the technique of dynamic light scattering, the NanoECr had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 370.5 ± 264.31 nm , PdI of 0.133 ± 0.01 and surface charge of - 36.1 ± 0.15 mV , characteristics that predict the formulation is stable. At transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the NanoECr showed spherical morphology and a rough surface with an average diameter of 374 ± 117 nm (TEM), 367 ± 69 nm (SEM before etallization) and 488 ± 70 nm (SEM after metallization). The SEM without metallization was the most suitable protocol for morphometric characterization of these nanostructures. After incubation of 4T1 cell line with various NanoECr concentrations in the absence of irradiation, non-toxic concentration (54 µg/mL) was determined by MTT and then by confocal microscopy and spectrophotometer the maximum time of interaction between NanoECr and 4T1 line (15 minutes) was also determined. Associating 54 µg/mL of NanoECr for 15 min and irradiating the cells with a laser of 670 nm wavelength, cell death occurred when 2 2the cells were irradiated with energy ranging from 8.57 J/cm to 85.7 J/cm and only on 2the energy dose of 85.7 J/cm (higher dose of energy used in the experiment) occurred 100 % of cell death. Evaluating the type of cell death, cells irradiated at a energy dose 2of 25.7 J/cm had death by apoptosis, visualized by intense cytoplasmic stainning of the apoptotic bodies with acridine orange in confocal microscopy and a visualization of blebs and mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum damage observed in TEM. At a 2,energy dose of 85.7 J/cm necrosis was the type of cellular occurred noted by intense staining of cells cytoplasm in red (ethidium bromide) in confocal microscopy and cell membrane damage with leakage of cellular contents and presence of vacuoles inside the cells observed in TEM. We can conclude that the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of crajiru incorporated in polymeric nanoemulsions is a potential photosensitizer formulation for use in PDT. Furthermore, the characteristics of this formulation offer the prospect that it can be used as a 3rd generation photosensitizer in PDT.
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Wu, Rita Shiu-fung. "Effects of B7.1, IFN-gamma, and antisense TGF-beta gene transfer on the tumorigenicity of murine 4T1 metastatic mammary carcinoma cells." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280475.

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Cancer progression is attributed in part to immune evasion strategies that include lack of co-stimulation, down-regulation of cell surface MHC molecules, and secretion of immunosuppressive factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Gene therapy has been employed to counter these mechanisms of immune evasion by transference of B7.1, IFN-γ or antisense TGF-β genes into tumor cells resulting in cell surface expression of B7.1, upregulation of MHC class I and class II molecules, or elimination tumor-derived TGF-β, respectively. Although each of these transgenes has been shown to alter tumorigenicity in murine models, a direct comparison of their efficacy has not been performed. To compare the effectiveness of these transgenes in eliciting an anti-tumor response, a very aggressive, poorly immunogenic and highly metastatic mammary tumor cell line 4T1, was genetically modified to express B7.1, IFN-γ and antisense TGF-β transgenes. Both IFN-γ and antisense TGF-β gene expression significantly reduced the tumorigenicity of these cells compared to mock transduced cells, with IFN-γ having a greater effect. In contrast, B7.1 gene transfer did not affect the tumorigenicity of 4T1 cells. The anti-tumor response directed against antisense TGF-β-expressing 4T1 tumors was mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, CD8+ T cells and not CD4+ T cells, appeared to mediate the anti-tumor response against IFN-γ-expressing tumors. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with IFN-γ or antisense TGF-β gene-modified tumor cell vaccines reduced the number of clonogenic metastases to the lungs and liver compared to treatment with mock-transduced cells. Finally, in a residual disease model in which the primary tumor was excised and mice were vaccinated with irradiated tumor cells, treatment of mice with vaccinations consisting of 4T1 cells expressing both antisense TGF-β and IFN-γ genes was the most effective in prolonging survival.
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Toccas, Salas Mary Luz. "Estudio del efecto del fucoidan de Lessonia trabeculata nativa (alga parda) sobre la capacidad migratoria y clonogénica de la línea celular de carcinoma mamario murino 4T1." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13998.

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El fucoidan es un polisacárido sulfatado presente en las algas pardas, cuya estructura y composición varía entre las diferentes especies de algas y se ha demostrado que posee efectos anticancerígenos, entre otros. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del fucoidan de Lessonia trabeculata (FLt) sobre la capacidad migratoria y clonogénica de la línea celular de carcinoma mamario murino 4T1. Se determinó la citotoxicidad de FLt mediante el ensayo MTT; se calculó la IC50 (concentración que inhibe el 50% de la población) y el índice de selectividad (IS). Como controles de actividad se consideraron el estándar de fucoidan de Fucus vesiculosus (FFv) y el quimioterápico doxorrubicina (Dox). Las células VERO-76 fueron empleadas como control de células normales. Se realizó el ensayo de migración celular por el método de “cierre de herida” y el ensayo clonogénico considerando 3 concentraciones de FLt, seleccionadas a partir de su IC50. Los resultados muestran que el FLt redujo la viabilidad celular de 4T1, con una IC50 de 950 µg/mL, y ejerció menor toxicidad sobre VERO-76, demostrando toxicidad selectiva sobre 4T1 (IS= 3.15). El FFv ejerció menor efecto citotóxico sobre ambas líneas celulares. El FLt inhibió significativamente y de manera dosis-dependiente la migración celular y la capacidad clonogénica o formación de colonias de 4T1 en concentraciones de 700, 950 (IC50) y 1200 µg/mL respecto al control no tratado (p<0.0001) a las 12 y 24 h de exposición. Adicionalmente se consideró el tratamiento combinado [Dox + FLt] IC50, demostrándose que el FLt IC50 incrementa la efectividad de doxorrubicina sobre 4T1. Se concluye que el FLt tiene el potencial de inhibir la proliferación, migración y capacidad clonogénica de 4T1 in vitro de manera selectiva y dosis-dependiente.
Perú. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Fondecyt). Proyecto de Investigación Básica. N° 133-2017
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Schworm, Iris Noemi [Verfasser], Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Multhoff, and Stephanie E. [Gutachter] Combs. "Einfluss von Bestrahlung und operativer Resektion des Primärtumors auf extramedulläre Hämatopoese in der Leber anhand eines orthotopen 4T1 Mammakarzinom Mausmodells / Iris Noemi Schworm ; Gutachter: Stephanie E. Combs, Gabriele Multhoff ; Betreuer: Gabriele Multhoff." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147968047/34.

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Blaudeau, Philippe. "Alexandrie et Constantinople : 451-491 : de l'histoire à la géo-ecclésiologie /." Rome : [Paris] : École française de Rome ; [diff. de Boccard], 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40204357k.

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Books on the topic "4T1"

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Camelot, P. Th. Les conciles d'E phe se et de Chalce doine: 431 et 451. Paris: Fayard, 2006.

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Geschichte, Seminar für Alte. Zum Gedenken an Peter Herrmann. 22. 5. 1927 - 22. 11. 2002. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2004.

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Alexandrie et Constantinople, 451-491: De l'histoire à la géo-ecclésiologie. Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 2006.

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Blaudeau, Philippe. Alexandrie et Constantinople, 451-491: De l'histoire à la géo-ecclésiologie. Rome: Ecole française de Rome, 2006.

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Lütkenhaus, Werner. Constantius III.: Studien zu seiner Tätigkeit und Stellung im Westreich 411-421. Bonn: Habelt, 1998.

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Gibson, Darril. MCITP SQL server 2005 database developer: Exam guide : (exams 70-431, 70-441, and 70-442). New York: McGraw Hill, 2008.

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MCITP SQL server 2005 database developer: Exam guide : (exams 70-431, 70-441, and 70-442). New York: McGraw Hill, 2008.

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You and your 401(k): How to manage your 401(k) for maximum returns. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

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Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York, USA: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2013.

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Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 4th ed. New York, USA: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "4T1"

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Day, P., A. C. W. P. James, and J. R. G. Thorne. "Jahn-Teller Distortion of the 4T1(G) State Of MnCl4 2- in Cs3MnCl5." In Understanding Molecular Properties, 85–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3781-9_5.

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Antonelli, Gianluca. "Simurv 4.1." In Underwater Robots, 331–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77899-0_5.

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"461–451." In Argos and the Argolid (Routledge Revivals), 134–39. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315778600-23.

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Son, Jee Y., Eun J. Yoon, Dea-Kee Kim, and Yhun Y. Sheen. "Anti-Metastasis Effect of Novel ALK5 Inhibitor in Both Breast Cancer Cells and 4T1-Luc Xenograft Mice." In CLINICAL/TRANSLATIONAL - Endocrine Neoplasia, P3–39—P3–39. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p18.p3-39.

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Bleckmann, Bruno. "Der Archidamische Krieg (431–421)." In Der Peloponnesische Krieg, 37–66. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406776724-37.

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"The Archidamian War, 431–421 BC." In The Athenian Empire, 89–103. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139058476.008.

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"ATHENIAN AND SPARTAN STRATEGY IN THE ARCHIDAMIAN WAR, 431–421." In Aspects of Greek History 750-323BC, 270–84. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203132630-27.

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"ATHENIAN AND SPARTAN STRATEGY IN THE ARCHIDAMIAN WAR, 431–421." In Aspects of Greek History 750-323BC, 355–71. Routledge, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203860212-26.

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Fletcher, John. "4.1." In The New Oxford Shakespeare: Modern Critical Edition, edited by Gary Taylor, John Jowett, Terri Bourus, and Gabriel Egan, 3160–65. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00217116.

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Herbert, Sir Henry. "441." In The Control and Censorship of Caroline Drama: The Records of Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels 1623–73, edited by N. W. Bawcutt. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00031254.

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Conference papers on the topic "4T1"

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Adochite, Ramona-Cosmina, Anna Moshnikova, Oleg A. Andreev, and Yana K. Reshetnyak. "pH (Low) Insertion Peptide targets 4T1 mammary tumors." In 2015 41st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2015.7117142.

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Harper, Mason, Kinan Alhallak, Lisa Rebello, Khue Nguyen, Sruthi Ravindranathan, David Lee, Nicholas Greene, et al. "Optical Metabolic Imaging of TWIST Inhibition in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells." In Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/omp.2017.oms2d.3.

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Muhammed, E., L. Chen, Y. Gao, and D. Erenso. "Radio-sensitivity of 4T1 chemo-treated breast cancer cells measured by laser trapping." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2019.jtu3a.96.

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Sun, Jianqi, Ping Liu, Xiaoxia Liu, Xiang Gu, Jun Zhao, Tiqiao Xiao, Lisa X. Xu, and Karen K. W. Siu. "High Resolution X-Ray Microangiography of 4T1 Tumor in Mouse Using Synchrotron Radiation." In 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3478200.

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Li, Xiaosong, Yunning Yang, Wenjie Li, Yuanuan Xu, Shan Long, Yingshu Cui, Yibing Zhao, and Yuanyuan Shun. "Influence of photothermal therapy on stimulator of interferon genes pathway in 4T1 cells." In Biophotonics and Immune Responses XVII, edited by Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2608372.

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Head, Jonathan F., Jeffrey T. Phillips, Xianpeng Jiang, and Robert L. Elliott. "Abstract 1664: Inhibition of 4T1 mammary tumor growth in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of a 4T1 whole cell vaccine containing IL-2 and GM-CSF as adjuvants." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1664.

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Roomi, M. Waheed, John Cha, Nusrath Roomi, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki, and Matthias Rath. "Abstract 4963:In vivoandin vitroeffect of a nutrient mixture on murine 4T1 breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4963.

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Cha, John, M. Waheed Roomi, Matthias Rath, and Aleksandra Niedzwiecki. "Abstract 2822: Ascorbic acid synergistically potentiates antimetastatic effect of natural products on 4T1 tumors." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2822.

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Elia, Jeanne, Hong Zhang, Chiaokai Wen, and Xifeng Yang. "Abstract 5196: CSFR-1R a potential therapeutic target in 4T1 xenograft breast cancer model." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5196.

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Malki, Mohammed Imad. "Contribution of Glycosaminoglycan binding in CCL21-mediated Migration of Breast Cancer cells." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0081.

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Abstract:
Lymph node metastasis constitutes a key event in Breast Cancer progression and it is a process at least partially mediated by the chemokine CCR7. Chemokine function is dependent upon their binding to both cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) molecules and to their specific receptors; thus, the role of GAGs in CCR7-mediated lymph node metastasis was investigated by creating a non-GAG binding chemokine CCL21 (mut-CCL21). Mut-CCL21 (Δ98-134) was synthesized, at 50nM it had similar potential to mobilize intracellular calcium compared to wild-type CCL21 (WT-CCL21). Next, a series of experiments was performed to determine how deletion of the GAG-binding site altered the ability of CCL21 to stimulate chemotaxis within a concentration gradient generated by free solute diffusion. Both WT-CCL21 and mut-CCL21 had a similar potential to stimulate chemotactic migration of PBMC (P>0.05). However, 4T1-Luc cells exhibit reduced migration at 30 & 50nM (p<0.001). Interestingly, this effect was greatly exacerbated in trans-endothelial migration, with the mut-CCL21 failing to increase cell migration above the background level at 30 nM in PBMC and 4T1-Luc cells (p> 0.001 vs WT). This difference could potentially be attributed to reduced GAG binding, as surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that mut-CCL21 did not significantly bind heparan sulphate compared to the WT-CCL21. Finally, a murine model was used to assess the potential of mut-CCL21 to prevent lymph node metastasis in vivo. Mice were injected with 4T1-Luc cells in the mammary fat pad and treated daily for a week with 20µg mut-CCL21 once the tumor was visible. Mice were imaged weekly with IVIS to assess bioluminescence and sacrificed on day 18. Luciferase expression was significantly reduced in lymph nodes from mice that had been treated with mut-CCL21 compared to the control (p=0.0148), suggesting the potential to target chemokine binding to GAGs as a therapeutic option.
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Reports on the topic "4T1"

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Trott, Christian Robert, Galen Shipman, and Graham Lopez. 4th Kokkos Bootcamp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1475258.

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Kinman, William Scott. Hoods in room 421. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1578006.

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Baird, Mark, Benjamin Collins, William Cramer, Andrew Godfrey, Brendan Kochunas, Ronald Lee, Robert Lefebvre, et al. VERA 4.1 Release Notes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1814391.

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Krebs, Carsten. 4th Penn State Bioinorganic Workshop. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1375808.

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Gregory, Louis. 4th Quarter CY17 Asbestos Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1416379.

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Gabriele, Mark, Paul Hager, and Leon Neufeld. Fischer International Watchdog Version 4.1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208005.

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Jason, Nora H. FIREDOC vocabulary list, 4th ed. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6033.

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MacKay, W. User Commands Sun Release 4.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119431.

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Feinman, Lori. The 4th International Conference on Anthrax. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada395961.

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Barrett, Brian, Ronald B. Brightwell, Ryan Grant, Kevin Pedretti, Kyle Wheeler, Keith D. Underwood, Rolf Riesen, Arthur B. Maccabe, Trammel Hudson, and Scott Hemmert. The Portals 4.1 Network Programming Interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1365498.

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