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Hajek, Peter, Dunja Przulj, Francesca Pesola, Hayden McRobbie, Sarrah Peerbux, Anna Phillips-Waller, Natalie Bisal, and Katie Myers Smith. "A randomised controlled trial of the 5:2 diet." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): e0258853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258853.
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Objective The 5:2 diet is a popular intermittent energy restriction method of weight management that awaits further evaluation. We compared the effects of one-off 5:2 instructions with the effects of one-off standard multicomponent weight-management advice; and also examined whether additional behavioural support enhances 5:2 adherence and efficacy compared to one-off instructions. Methods Three hundred adults with obesity were randomised to receive a Standard Brief Advice (SBA) covering diet and physical activity (N = 100); 5:2 self-help instructions (5:2SH) (N = 100); or 5:2SH plus six once-weekly group support sessions (N = 100). Participants were followed up for one year. Results Adherence to 5:2SH was initially high (74% at 6 weeks), but it declined over time (31% at 6 months and 22% at one year). 5:2SH and SBA achieved similar weight-loss at six months (-1.8kg (SD = 3.5) vs -1.7kg (SD = 4.4); b = 0.23, 95%CI:-0.79–1.27, p = 0.7) and at one year (-1.9kg (SD = 4.9) vs -1.8kg (SD = 5.7), b = 0.20, 95%CI:-1.21–1.60, p = 0.79), with 18% vs 15% participants losing ≥5% of their body weight with 5:2SH and SBA, respectively at one year (RR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.44–1.54, p = 0.55). Both interventions received positive ratings, but 5:2SH ratings were significantly higher. 5:2SH had no negative effect on fat and fiber intake and physical activity compared to SBA. Compared to 5:2SH, 5:2G generated a greater weight loss at 6 weeks (-2.3kg vs -1.5kg; b = 0.74, 95%CI:1.37–0.11, p = 0.02), but by one year, the difference was no longer significant (-2.6kg vs -1.9kg, p = 0.37; ≥5% body weight loss 28% vs 18%, p = 0.10). Conclusions Simple 5:2 advice and multicomponent weight management advice generated similar modest results. The 5:2 diet did not undermine other health behaviours, and it received more favourable ratings. Adding initial group support enhanced 5:2 adherence and effects, but the impact diminished over time. Health professionals who provide brief weight management advice may consider including the 5:2 advice as an option. Trial registration ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN79408248).
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Diet and Migraine." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 1, no. 2 (July 1, 1987): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-1-2-5.
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Smith, Raymond A., T. Scott Tibbels, and Samuel M. Cohen. "Quantitation of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole in rodent diet." Journal of Chromatography A 465, no. 3 (1989): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)92686-x.
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Tarro, Saija, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Niina Junttila, Antti Lampimäki, and Hanna Lagström. "Parental Self-Efficacy and Child Diet Quality between Ages 2 and 5: The STEPS Study." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224891.
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Parental self-efficacy (PSE), a measure of the subjective competence in the parental role, has been linked with child well-being and health. Research on the influence of PSE on child eating habits is scarce, and the few studies have concentrated on certain food groups, such as vegetables or fruits, and have mostly included only maternal PSE. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the associations between PSE (separately for mothers and fathers and as a total family-level score) and child diet quality in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study setting. PSE was measured at child ages of 1.5 and 5 years, and diet quality was measured at ages 2 and 5. Participants are from the Steps to Healthy Development (STEPS) Study (n = 270−883). We found that maternal PSE and family level PSE score were associated with child diet quality. Paternal PSE was not, but the dimension Routines was associated with child diet quality. PSE was similarly associated with child diet quality at both age points. Our results suggest that PSE is an important construct in the development of healthy dietary habits in children, and supporting parenting programs aimed at higher PSE could promote healthy diet quality in children.
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Rabbane, Md Golam, and Md Rakibur Rahman. "Effects of natural and commercial diets on growth, reproductive performances and embryogenesis of zebrafish Danio rerio." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i2.46399.
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This study evaluated the effects of five diets (diet 1: Dried tubifex, diet 2: Artemia, diet 3: Artemia and commercial pellet feed, diet 4: Spirulina and commercial pellet feed; diet 5: commercial pellet feed) on growth, reproductive performances and embryogenesis of zebrafish Danio rerio for a period of 62 days. Significantly higher specific growth rate was found in diet 5 when compared with diet 1 but no significant difference was observed between diet 2, 3, 4 and 5. Mean weight and length gain were significantly greater in zebrafish fed diet 5 than diets 1 ‐ 4. While 100% survival was found in diet 4, the lowest level was 90.26 ± 1.06% in diet 1. Mean spawning success was significantly higher in zebrafish fed diet 5 than in those fed diets 1 ‐ 4. Mean fertilization and hatching rates were higher in the fish fed diet 3 ‐ 5 than in diets 1 and 2. Zebrafish consumed commercial pellet feed only resulted in more viable offsprings and grown better. Results suggested that commercial pellet is suitable in zebrafish culture for maximum growth and production of viable offspring in laboratory condition.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(2): 159-166, 2017 (July)
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Excessive Bruising and the Ketogenic Diet." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-15-2-5.
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Oligoantigenic Diet for Epilepsy and Migraine." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 2, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-2-12-5.
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Rochani, Siti. "Study Kualitatif Tentang Kepatuhan Klien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Pada Program Diet Diabetes." Jurnal Smart Keperawatan 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34310/jskp.v9i1.617.
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Perencanaan program diet diabetes merupakan salah satu tindakan untuk memperbaiki kadar glukosa darah dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi akibat hiperglikemi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Masalah yang sering terjadi terkait dengan perencanaan program terapi diet diabetes adalah sulitnya mematuhi pelaksanaan diet itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan klien dengan diabetes melitus pada program terapi diet diabetes. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif fenomenologi, menggali pengalaman pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap program dietnya. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan tehnik in depth interview dan focus group discussion. Setiap Partisipan diberikan pertanyaan sesuai dengan panduan yang telah disediakan. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Mei 2021 terhadap 7 partisipan yang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di wilayah cakupan PKM Rangkasbitung. Hasil mendapatkan 5 tema yaitu pengetahuan, implementasi, hambatan, dukungan keluarga dan harapan. Sebagian besar partisipan tidak mengetahui dengan benar tentang terapi diet untuk diabetes melitus dan belum melaksanakan program diet diabetes. Hambatan adalah kurangnya dukungan keluarga dan kurangnya informasi. Dukungan keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan sangat dibutuhkan partisipan untuk memberikan motivasi. Harapan partisipan yaitu dapat melaksanakan program diet dengan benar sesuai dengan informasi yang diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan. Pendidikan kesehatan dan dukungan keluarga sangat dibutuhkan oleh partisipan agar dapat melaksanakan program dietnya secara patuh. Kata kunci: studi kualitatif; kepatuhan; diabetes melitus tipe 2; program dietA QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE ADHERENCE OF CLIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS TO DIABETIC DIET PROGRAMABSTRACT Planning a diabetes diet program is one of the actions to improve blood glucose levels and prevent complications due to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of client compliance with diabetes mellitus in the diabetes diet therapy program. The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological descriptive method, exploring the experiences of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with their diet program. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Each participant was asked questions according to the guidelines provided. The study was conducted during May 2021 on 7 participants who suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Rangkasbelitung Health Centre coverage area. The results get 5 themes, namely knowledge, implementation, obstacles, family support and expectations. Most of the participants did not know correctly about diet therapy for diabetes mellitus and had not implemented a diabetes diet program. Barriers are lack of family support and lack of information. Support from family and health workers is needed by participants to provide motivation. Participants hope that they can carry out the diet program correctly according to the information provided by health workers. Health education and family support are very much needed by participants in order to carry out their diet program obediently. Keywords: qualitative study; adherence; type 2 diabetes mellitus; diet program
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TUCKER, MIRIAM E. "Adding Alcohol to Diet Lowers Glucose in Type 2." Clinical Endocrinology News 2, no. 11 (November 2007): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1558-0164(07)70582-5.
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Marsh, Jeremy, Purna Mukherjee, and Thomas N. Seyfried. "Drug/diet synergy for managing malignant astrocytoma in mice: 2-deoxy-D-glucose and the restricted ketogenic diet." Nutrition & Metabolism 5, no. 1 (2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-5-33.
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Htin, Nwe Nwe, and May Phyo Chit. "Effects of the Ratio of Dietary Fish Meal to Soybean Meal on the Performance of Broiler Chicks." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 4, no. 1 (August 8, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v4i1.575.
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A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with a total of 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks which were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates into 20 pens and brooded. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. From day old chick to 21 day, the broiler chicks were fed Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (3% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 10) was served as control diet, Diet 3 (2% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.5% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 20). From day 22 onwards, the broiler chicks were fed finisher diet, Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (2.6% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 10, serve as control diet, Diet 3 (1.8% fish meal and 27% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.3% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 20). Weekly performances and mortality are measured. By feeding FS5 diet (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal), the heavier body weight, increased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks was observed when compared to that of other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is obvious that the ratio of dietary fish meal to soybean meal 1: 5 (FS5) improved body weight but the lower feed efficiency of this diet should be considered in economical point of view.
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Keller, Veronika, and Viktória Bocsková. "Hitek és tévhitek a növényi alapú étrendről egy online kutatás eredményei alapján." Táplálkozásmarketing 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20494/tm/7/2/5.
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A main current trend is healthy lifestyle and the consumption of fruit and vegetables. The assessment of healthiness of plant-based diet is not so obvious either among the population or food experts. In an online survey the knowledge, beliefs and misbeliefs about plant-based diet were analysed among members and non-members of online social media lifestyles groups. All in all, it can be stated that there are no significant relationships and differences between knowledge, attitude and perception of members and non-members. Social media users are aware of the different types of plant-based diet (vegetarian, vegan) and the positive and negative psychological effects. The associations connected to plant-based diet are the following: healthy, environmentally friendly and expensive. Only a small segment of Hungarian people follow plant-based diet. At the same the diverse and everyday consumption of fruit and vegetables is essential because of health and sustainability issues. Due to conscious nutrition and more plant-based diet, people can contribute to the protection of their own health and the Earth.
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Soares, Patrícia, Piedade Sande Lemos, Ana Maria Pires, and Ana Cláudia Cavaco de Sousa. "Celiac Disease and Gluten-free Diet in Portuguese Children – An Anthropometric Marker Contribution Assessment." International Journal of Celiac Disease 5, no. 2 (August 26, 2017): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-5-2-5.
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Nuttall, Frank Q., Kelly Schweim, Heidi Hoover, and Mary C. Gannon. "Effect of the LoBAG30 diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507819155.
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In subjects with untreated type 2 diabetes, we previously determined that a weight-maintenance, non-ketogenic diet containing 30 % protein, 50 % fat and 20 % carbohydrate (30:50:20) decreased the percentage total glycohaemoglobin (%tGHb) by 2·2 % glycohaemoglobin over 5 weeks compared to a diet recommended for the American public (protein–fat–carbohydrate 15:30:55). Both the fasting and postprandial glucose were decreased. The objective of the present study was to determine if increasing the carbohydrate content from 20 to 30 % at the expense of fat would still provide a similar effect on %tGHb, fasting and postprandial glucose concentration. Eight men with untreated type 2 diabetes were studied over a 5-week period. Results at the beginning (standard diet) and end of the 5-week study were analysed. Body weight was stable. Fasting glucose concentration decreased by 40 %; 24 h glucose area response decreased by 45 %. Insulin did not change. Mean %tGHb decreased by 1·7 (from 10·8 to 9·1 %), and was still decreasing linearly at 5 weeks. In conclusion, a high-protein, 30 % carbohydrate diet could be a patient-empowering method of improving the hyperglycaemia of type 2 diabetes without pharmacologic intervention. Long-term effects and general applicability of this diet remain to be determined.
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Guigas, Bruno, Leonie Hussaarts, Lianne van Beek, Mattijs M. Heemskerk, Simone Haeberlein, Jimmy F. Berbee, Vanessa van Harmelen, Ko Willems van Dijk, and Maria Yazdanbakhsh. "PS13 - 5. Protective effect of chronic helminth infection against diet-induced obesity." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Diabetologie 11, no. 4 (November 2013): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12467-013-0151-2.
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EVANS, JEFF. "Low-Carb Diet Trumps Caloric Restriction in Type 2 Diabetes." Family Practice News 36, no. 20 (October 2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(06)74007-5.
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Magnuson, Andrew D., and Xingen Lei. "137 Dietary Supplementations of Ethanolamine and Serine Enhance Docosahexaenoic Acid Deposition in Eggs of Laying Hens." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.197.
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Abstract Enrichment of docosahexaenoic-acid (DHA) into eggs of laying-hens may be limited by the availability phospholipids as a deposition sink. The present study was to determine if dietary supplementations of phospholipid-component molecules or synthesis-enhancers: choline, serine, and ethanolamine could elevate phospholipid and DHA enrichment in the eggs and tissues of hens. A total of 50-White-Leghorn-Shavers (42-wk old) were individually caged and divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group). The 5 groups of hens were fed the following diets for 3 wk: Diet-1 = a corn soybean-meal basal-diet, Diet-2 = Diet-1 + 4%-microalgae (Aurantiochytrium, Heliae, Gibert, AZ, 1.81 g-DHA/kg) + choline-chloride (26.3 g/kg diet, 60% purity, DSM-Co., Basel, Switzerland), Diet-3 = Diet-2 + 1.41% of L-serine (100% purity, Ajinomoto-Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan), Diet-4 = Diet-2 + 100 mg of ethanolamine/kg (99% purity, Sigma-Aldirch-Co., St Loius, MO), and Diet-5 = Diet-3 + 100 mg of ethanolamine/kg. At the end of study, eggs, liver, ovary, and adipose samples were collected from 6 hens/group for biochemical analysis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Compared with Diet-1, Diet-2 enhanced (P < 0.05) DHA concentrations in egg yolk and liver by 213 mg/egg and 2.98 mg/g tissue, respectively, but decreased (P < 0.05) total phospholipid-concentrations of yolk and liver by 50%, and hepatic-mRNA levels of elongases-2/5 and desaturases-4/6 by 25–50%. Compared with Diet-2, Diet-5 enhanced (P < 0.05) DHA (by 20%) and phospholipid (by 40%) concentrations in the egg yolk, and upregulated (P < 0.05) lipid-metabolism genes involved in the citicoline (CDP, up-to-3-fold) and CDP-ethanolamine (up-to-2.5-fold) pathways in the liver and ovary-tissue. In comparison, Diets-3 and 4 resulted in only 3–11% higher (P < 0.05) DHA-concentrations in the liver over Diet-2. In conclusion, feeding hens a high DHA and choline diet enriched DHA in the egg yolk and down-regulated lipogenesis-gene-expression in the tissues. Supplementing the diet with extra-serine and ethanolamine further-enhanced the DHA enrichment in the egg yolk and restored the high DHA-mediated changes in the gene-expression. (Supported in part by DOE-MAGIC-grant DE-EE0007091, USDA-grant 2019-69012-29905, and Cornell-University-Hatch-grants NYC-127419/127302).
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Aaron, Lerner, and Matthias Torsten. "Gluten-free Diet - Tough Alley in Torrid Time." International Journal of Celiac Disease 5, no. 2 (August 26, 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-5-2-4.
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Arguin, Hélène, Angelo Tremblay, John E. Blundell, Jean-Pierre Després, Denis Richard, Benoît Lamarche, and Vicky Drapeau. "Impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet on anthropometrics, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits in obese men displaying a high or a low satiety phenotype." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 9 (November 14, 2017): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002549.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet in men displaying various degrees of satiety efficiency. In all, sixty-nine obese men aged 41·5 (sd5·7) years were randomly assigned to a control (10–15, 55–60 and 30 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n34) or satiating (20–25, 45–50 and 30–35 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n35) diet for 16 weeks, and were classified as having a low (LSP) or high (HSP) satiety phenotype. Both diets were consumedad libitum. Changes in body weight, BMI, percent fat mass, waist circumference, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits were assessed following the intervention. Dropout rates were higher in the control diet (44·1 %) compared with the satiating diet (8·6 %). Decreases in body weight, BMI and waist circumference were significant in both groups, yet HSP individuals lost more body weight than LSP individuals (P=0·048). Decreases in % fat mass were greater in the satiating diet (LSP: −2·1 (sd2·1) %;P<0·01 and HSP: −3·0 (sd2·5) %;P<0·001) compared with the control diet (LSP: −1·1 (sd2·5) % and HSP: −1·3 (sd2·6) %) (P=0·034). Satiety responsiveness was markedly improved in the satiating diet, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Changes in dietary restraint (+3·3 (sd2·9) to +7·2 (sd5·5)), flexible control (+0·9 (sd1·4) to +2·3 (sd2·7)), rigid control (+2·2 (sd1·5) to +2·5 (sd2·8)), disinhibition (−2·8 (sd3·7) to −3·2 (sd2·6)) and susceptibility to hunger (−2·7 (sd4·1) to −4·6 (sd3·9)) were similar between the diets. Compared with the control diet, the satiating diet favoured adherence, decreased % fat mass and improved satiety responsiveness in both HSP and LSP individuals.
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Tso, Ko-Hua, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Min-Chien Cheng, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, and Hsin-I. Chiang. "Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity." Animals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092541.
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A 3-week feeding trial in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin (T-2) and two levels (0% and 0.5%) of green tea powder (GTP) supplements used in the diets of female brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs), respectively. Breed had a significant effect on the growth performances and the relative weights of organs and carcass. In general, the growth performances of KDs were better than BTDs. The relative weights of organs and carcass of BTDs were typically heavier than those of KDs; however, the breast of KDs was heavier than those of BTDs. Both ducklings received 5 mg/kg of T-2 blended in the diet showed lower feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) in the second and the third week. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 and 0.5% GTP improved the BWG compared to those fed the diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP in BTDs. Ducklings fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as decreased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were increased in KDs and BTDs fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP, respectively. However, duckling diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 with 0.5% GTP lowered concentrations of BUN and GOT in the blood plasma of KDs and BTDs, respectively. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 increased the relative kidney weight but decreased the relative breast weight of ducklings. Enlarged gizzards and reduced relative leg weights were observed in BTDs fed the diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2. In summary, BTDs are more sensitive than KDs in responding to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification. Green tea powder has detoxification ability and could potentially mitigate T-2 toxicity on BWG, BUN, and GOT in ducklings.
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Nuttall, Frank Q., Kelly Schweim, Heidi Hoover, and Mary C. Gannon. "Metabolic effect of a LoBAG30 diet in men with type 2 diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 291, no. 4 (October 2006): E786—E791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00011.2006.
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We recently reported that in subjects with untreated type 2 diabetes a 5-wk diet of 30:30:40 carbohydrate/protein/fat ratio resulted in a significant decrease in 24-h integrated glucose, total %glycohemoglobin, and total cholesterol compared with a control diet of 55:15:30 carbohydrate/protein/fat given at the beginning of the 5-wk period. Body weight was stable and insulin was unchanged. We now present data on other hormones and metabolites considered to be affected by dietary macronutrient changes. The test diet resulted in an elevated fasting plasma total IGF-I, but not growth hormone. Urinary free cortisol was increased. Serum renin and urinary aldosterone remained unchanged. Blood pressure was stable. Serum creatinine and uric acid were increased. Urinary microalbumin was decreased. Creatinine clearance, serum B12, folate, homocysteine, TSH, and free thyroxine were unchanged. Total triiodothyronine was decreased. Plasma α-amino nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and serum albumin were increased. Urea production rate was increased such that a new steady state was present. The calculated urea production rate accounted for 84% of protein ingested on the control diet but only 68% on the test diet, suggesting net nitrogen retention on the latter. Overall, the lack of negative effects, the improved glucose control, and the positive nitrogen balance suggest such a diet will be beneficial for older subjects with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the long-term effects and general applicability of the diet remain to be determined.
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Rodriguez-Mateos, Ana, Akari Ishisaka, Kazuaki Mawatari, Alberto Vidal-Diez, Jeremy P. E. Spencer, and Junji Terao. "Blueberry intervention improves vascular reactivity and lowers blood pressure in high-fat-, high-cholesterol-fed rats." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 10 (October 9, 2012): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512003911.
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Growing evidence suggests that intake of flavonoid-containing foods may exert cardiovascular benefits in human subjects. We have investigated the effects of a 10-week blueberry (BB) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and vascular reactivity in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, known to induce endothelial dysfunction. Rats were randomly assigned to follow a control chow diet, a chow diet supplemented with 2 % (w/w) BB, a high-fat diet (10 % lard; 0·5 % cholesterol) or the high fat plus BB for 10 weeks. Rats supplemented with BB showed significant reductions in systolic BP (SBP) of 11 and 14 %, at weeks 8 and 10, respectively, relative to rats fed the control chow diet (week 8 SBP: 107·5 (sem 4·7) v. 122·2 (sem 2·1) mmHg, P= 0·018; week 10 SBP: 115·0 (sem 3·1) v. 132·7 (sem 1·5) mmHg, P< 0·0001). Furthermore, SBP was reduced by 14 % in rats fed with the high fat plus 2 % BB diet at week 10, compared to those on the high-fat diet only (SBP: 118·2 (sem 3·6) v. 139·5 (sem 4·5) mmHg, P< 0·0001). Aortas harvested from BB-fed animals exhibited significantly reduced contractile responses (to l-phenylephrine) compared to those fed the control chow or high-fat diets. Furthermore, in rats fed with high fat supplemented with BB, aorta relaxation was significantly greater in response to acetylcholine compared to animals fed with the fat diet. These data suggest that BB consumption can lower BP and improve endothelial dysfunction induced by a high fat, high cholesterol containing diet.
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Alsoodeeri, Fahadah Naeef, Hissah Mohammed Alqabbani, and Norah Mubarak Aldossari. "Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) Consumption on Serum Lipid Profiles in Albino Rats." Journal of Lipids 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8469830.
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Dyslipidemia is an important cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cinnamon on body weight gain, food intake, and serum lipid profiles of albino rats. This study was conducted on 30 healthy male albino rats weighing approximately 130 ± 5 g. The study was divided into the following two experiments: experiment (1), wherein rats were fed a laboratory diet; and experiment (2), wherein rats were fed a high-fat diet. In experiment 1, a total of 15 rats were divided into three groups. Group A (n=5, untreated control) was fed laboratory diet, Group B n=5 was fed laboratory diet and cinnamon powder (2 g/kg body weight), and Group C n=5 was fed laboratory diet and cinnamon powder (4 g/kg body weight) for 30 days. In experiment (2), a total of 15 rats were similarly divided into three groups. Group D (n=5, treated control) was fed laboratory diet plus high-fat diet, Group E n=5 was fed cinnamon powder (2 g/kg body weight) mixed with laboratory diet plus high-fat diet, and Group F n=5 was fed cinnamon powder (4 g/kg body weight) mixed with laboratory diet plus high-fat diet daily for 30 days. An administration of 4 g/kg body weight of cinnamon extract powder decreased the final weight by 4.4%, body weight gains by 31.41%, food intake by 1.7%, and food efficiency ratio by 22.38% in hypercholesterolemic adult male rats as well as serum total cholesterol by 31.22%, triglyceride by 24.05%, and LDL-C by 43.49%, with an increase in the levels of HDL-C by 30.16%, furthermore, a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels and increasing serum HDL-C on day 30 were observed P<0.001. This finding provides scientific evidence to substantiate the traditional use of cinnamon to treat hyperlipidemia.
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Hou, Shouquan, Jiayao Li, Jinghao Li, Yawen Zhang, Jin Huang, Xugan Wu, and Yongxu Cheng. "Effects of fish meal replacement with protein mixtures on growth, gonad development and amino acid composition of pre-adult red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda, Cambaridae)." Crustaceana 94, no. 10 (October 27, 2021): 1161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10150.
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Abstract A 100-day growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein mixtures (PM) adding proportion on both sexes of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Five diets were prepared by replacing 0%, 16.67%, 33.33%, 50%, and 66.67% of fish meal (FM) protein with protein mixtures in feed (designed Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3, Diet 4 and Diet 5). The results showed that growth performance presented a decreasing trend with an increase in dietary protein mixture levels. The GSI of female crayfish and the HSI of male crayfish initially increased and then decreased with increasing dietary protein mixtures. Interestingly, the GSI of males fed Diet 5 was higher than that in other groups (). Diet 2 was the best feed for female gonad development and male muscle quality. Females fed Diet 3 had the highest muscle quality among the groups; males had improved gonad development when fed Diet 5.
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Shiau, Shi-Yen, and Li-Shan Lu. "Dietary sodium requirement determined for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 4 (April 2004): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041091.
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Two 8-week feeding trials were conducted to determine the dietary Na requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) reared in fresh water and seawater. In each experiment, NaCl was added to the basal diet at 0, 0·5, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7g Na/kg diet (fresh water) and at 0, 0·2, 0·5, 0·8, 1·2, 1·5, 2, or 3g Na/kg diet (seawater). Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish, individual fish initially weighing 0·69 (se 0·01) g, in a closed, recirculating rearing system. In fresh water, the tilapia fed the diet supplemented with 2g Na/kg diet had significantly (P<0·05) greater weight gain than the fish fed the diets supplemented with ≥3 and ≤0·5g Na/kg diet. Feed efficiency (FE) in fish generally followed the weight-gain pattern. Gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity was highest in the fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3g Na/kg diet, followed by the fish fed the diet with 7g Na/kg diet and lowest in the fish fed the unsupplemented control diet. In seawater, the weight gain, FE and gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity in fish were not affected by the dietary treatment. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain, by broken-line regression of gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body Na retention of the fish reared in fresh water, indicated that the adequate dietary Na concentration for tilapia is about 1·5g/kg diet. The present study also suggests that no dietary Na is required for tilapia reared in seawater.
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Kusuma, Vania Islamey, Reny I’tishom, Ema Qurnianingsih, and Purwo Sri Rejeki. "A Systematical Review of The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) Expression as An Apoptosis Marker in Cancer Treatment." Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v4i2.30173.
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Introduction: Ketogenic diet seems to be in a great demand nowadays as a lot of people are interested in adopting it into their lifestyle. It is also found that the ketogenic diet shows several beneficial effects including cancer prevention. However, the detail mechanism still remains unknown. Therefore, this review was aimed to find out the effect of ketogenic diet on Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) expression in cancer.Methods: We searched published literatures in PubMed through 2011-2020 using specific keywords. The literatures were filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Animal model, total sample size, underlying condition/inflammatory process occurs, details of the intervention/diet including diet contents in control group and high-fat group, and the duration of the intervention, Bcl-2 results, and p-value were extracted.Results: 7 studies were included in this review. Bcl-2 expression found decrease in 5 out of 6 studies. Similar result also obtained in Bcl-2 protein level, which measured by western blot. Bcl-2 protein level shows a decrease in 2 out of 3 studies.Conclusion: This review shows that high-fat diet that contained in ketogenic diet most likely lead to decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, indicating the ability of ketogenic diet to affect cancer progression by inducing apoptosis process.
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YUSUF, A., M. ABUBAKAR, and B. F. MUHAMMAD. "EFFECTS OF FEEDING UREA ENSILED MILLET STOVER BASED DIETS WITH CONCENTRATES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMY OF SUPPLEMENTATION IN GROWING YANKASA RAMS." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2022): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2022.0801.095.
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Effects of feeding urea ensiled millet stover based diets with concentrates on growth performance and economy of supplementation in growing Yankasa Rams were evaluated. Four kg urea was dissolved in 100 litres of water sprinkled on 100kg of millet stover kept in an airtight, anaerobic condition for 21 days (ensiled) as basal diet, fed ad libitum to thirty Yankasa rams with average initial weights of 16.35 - 18.21 kg replicated 5 times using completely randomized design were allocated to 6 diets; 300g cottonseed cake diet 1, Faidherbia albida diet 2, CSC & maize offal diet 3, FA & maize offal diet 4, CSC & wheat offal diet 5 and FA & wheat offal diet 6, fed twice for 70 days. Findings revealed highest (p<0.05) DM intake (756.09g/d) in diet 6. Rams on diet 2 recorded highest average daily weight gain and FCR (75.81g/d & 7.91) than diet 4 (35.02g/day & 17.94) with least. cost of concentrate diets was lower in diet 6 (₦ 35.82) than diet 1 (₦ 109.83), 2 (₦ 46.79), 3 (₦ 66.71), 4 (₦ 68.77) and 5 (₦ 58.50). Supplementation of urea ensiled millet stover based diet improved growth performance and FCR. However, supplementing Faidherbia albida pod meal at 30% with 4kg urea ensiled millet stover gave the highest ADG and FCR with a concomittant reduction in cost of feed, therefore is recommended for growing Yankasa rams.
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Samkani, Amirsalar, Mads J. Skytte, Daniel Kandel, Stine Kjaer, Arne Astrup, Carolyn F. Deacon, Jens J. Holst, et al. "A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet acutely decreases postprandial and diurnal glucose excursions in type 2 diabetes patients." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 8 (April 12, 2018): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000521.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess whether a simple substitution of carbohydrate in the conventionally recommended diet with protein and fat would result in a clinically meaningful reduction in postprandial hyperglycaemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In all, sixteen subjects with T2DM treated with metformin only, fourteen male, with a median age of 65 (43–70) years, HbA1cof 6·5 % (47 mmol/l) (5·5–8·3 % (37–67 mmol/l)) and a BMI of 30 (sd4·4) kg/m2participated in the randomised, cross-over study. A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet was compared with an iso-energetic conventional diabetes (CD) diet. Macronutrient contents of the CRHP/CD diets consisted of 31/54 % energy from carbohydrate, 29/16 % energy from protein and 40/30 % energy from fat, respectively. Each diet was consumed on 2 consecutive days in a randomised order. Postprandial glycaemia, pancreatic and gut hormones, as well as satiety, were evaluated at breakfast and lunch. Compared with the CD diet, the CRHP diet reduced postprandial AUC of glucose by 14 %, insulin by 22 % and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide by 17 % (allP<0·001), respectively. Correspondingly, glucagon AUC increased by 33 % (P<0·001), cholecystokinin by 24 % (P=0·004) and satiety scores by 7 % (P=0·035), respectively. A moderate reduction in carbohydrate with an increase in fat and protein in the diet, compared with an energy-matched CD diet, greatly reduced postprandial glucose excursions and resulted in increased satiety in patients with well-controlled T2DM.
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Ramsay, S. A., T. D. Bloch, B. J. Marriage, C. K. Spees, L. H. Shriver, and C. A. Taylor. "Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with Lower Diet Quality in 2-5 Year Old Children." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 115, no. 9 (September 2015): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.287.
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Scholtens, E. L., J. D. Krebs, B. T. Corley, and R. M. Hall. "Intermittent fasting 5:2 diet: What is the macronutrient and micronutrient intake and composition?" Clinical Nutrition 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 3354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.022.
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Yulistiani, Dwi. "Response of sheep fed on corn cob silage or elephant grass basal diet with or without Calliandra leaf meal supplementation." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 3 (August 16, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i3.1574.
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<p class="abstrak2">Limited availability of forage diet throughout the year could be overcome by utilization of crop by-products. Corn cob, a by-product from maize production is potential to be used as a fiber source for grass replacement. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of two different basal diets (basal grass diet and corn cob silage) with or without Calliandra supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation and growth of sheep. The study used 20 male sheep St Croix breed. The sheep were divided into 5 groups based on body weight. Each group was fed with one of four diet treatments for 13 weeks. The treatments were grass basal diet + concentrate, Corn cob silage (CCS) + concentrate, Grass basal diet + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal, CCS + concentrate + 5% Calliandra leaf meal. The ratio of basal diet (grass or CCS) to concentrate was 40 : 60% and was formulated in iso protein (crude protein content 14%). The diet was offered in total mix ration. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design and arranged in factorial 2 x 2 (2 type basal diets and 2 Calliandra supplementation levels) with 5 replications. Results showed that there was no interaction between basal diet and Calliandra supplementation on feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, except for crude protein (CP) intake. Feed consumption was not affected by basal diets or Calliandra supplementation. Feed conversion ratio and protein conversion ratio were better in grass basal diet than CCS. CP digestibility was higher in corn cob silage than basal grass diet without Calliandra supplementation. N retention was higher in corn cob basal diet than basal grass diet. Rumen fermentation was significantly affected by basal diet in which rumen ammonia and VFA concentrations were higher in grass basal diet. Grass basal diet had higher propionic acid production than CCS basal diet. From this study, it could be concluded that in iso protein diet, basal grass diet was comparable to corn cob basal diet as revealed by average daily gain was similar in both diets with average 107.5 g/head/day. Calliandra supplementation at 5% in the grass or CCS basal diet did not improve sheep performance.</p>
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Timofeev, A. "Studies on kidney function in pregnancy Jamada (Journ. of biochem., vol. 5, № 2, 1925)." Kazan medical journal 22, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj78659.
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Studies on renal function during pregnancy were performed by Jamada (Journ. Of biochem., Vol. 5, No. 2, 1925) on rabbits of the same weight (2.5 kg.) With a uniform diet. Urine was collected 1-3 times a day with a catheter and examined immediately.
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DiBona, G. F., S. Y. Jones, and L. L. Sawin. "Effect of endogenous angiotensin II on renal nerve activity and its arterial baroreflex regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): R361—R367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.2.r361.
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To determine the effects of physiological alterations in endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) activity on basal renal sympathetic nerve activity and its arterial baroreflex regulation, the effect of ANG II receptor (AT1) blockade with losartan was examined in conscious rats consuming low, normal, or high sodium diet that were instrumented for the simultaneous measurement of arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Intravenous losartan decreased arterial pressure in low (-27 +/- 4 mmHg) and normal (-15 +/- 2 mmHg) but not in high sodium diet rats (-5 +/- 2 mmHg). When arterial pressure had been restored to the prelosartan value with methoxamine infusion, renal sympathetic nerve activity was decreased in low (-27 +/- 4%) and normal (-20 +/- 3%) but not in high sodium diet rats (-5 +/- 2%). Arterial baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity was shifted to a lower pressure (arterial pressure at midrange) in low (-8 +/- 2 mmHg) and normal (-7 +/- 2 mmHg) but not in high sodium diet rats (0 +/- 2 mmHg). Intracerebroventricular losartan did not significantly decrease arterial pressure but decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity in low (-28 +/- 5%) and normal (-20 +/- 4%) but not in high sodium diet rats (-2 +/- 2%). Arterial baroreflex regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity was shifted to a lower pressure (arterial pressure at midrange) in low (-7 +/- 2 mmHg) and normal (-5 +/- 1 mmHg) but not in high sodium diet rats (0 +/- 2 mmHg). These results indicate that physiological alterations in endogenous ANG II activity tonically influence basal levels of renal sympathetic nerve activity and its arterial baroreflex regulation.
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Abeysekara, Saman, Philip D. Chilibeck, Hassanali Vatanparast, and Gordon A. Zello. "A pulse-based diet is effective for reducing total and LDL-cholesterol in older adults." British Journal of Nutrition 108, S1 (August 23, 2012): S103—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000748.
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Our purpose was to determine the effects of a pulse-based diet in individuals 50 years or older for reducing CVD risk factors. A total of 108 participants were randomised to receive pulse-based foods (two servings daily of beans, chickpeas, peas or lentils; about 150 g/d dry weight) or their regular diet for 2 months, followed by a washout of 1 month and a cross-over to the other diet for 2 months. Anthropometric measures, body composition and biochemical markers (i.e. serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), as the primary outcome, and other lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein) were assessed before and after each diet phase. A total of eighty-seven participants (thirty males and fifty-seven females; 59·7 (sd 6·3) years, body mass 76 (sd 16) kg) completed the study. Compared with the regular diet, the pulse-based diet decreased total cholesterol by 8·3 % (pulse, 4·57 (sd 0·93) to 4·11 (sd 0·91) mmol/l; regular, 4·47 (sd 0·94) to 4·39 (sd 0·97) mmol/l; P < 0·001) and LDL-C by 7·9 % (pulse, 2·93 (sd 0·84) to 2·55 (sd 0·75) mmol/l; regular, 2·96 (sd 0·86) to 2·81 (sd 0·83) mmol/l; P = 0·01). In a sub-analysis of individuals with high lipid levels at baseline (twenty individuals with high cholesterol), the pulse-based diet reduced cholesterol by 6 % compared with the regular diet (pulse, 5·62 (sd 0·78) to 5·26 (sd 0·68) mmol/l; regular, 5·60 (sd 0·91) to 5·57 (sd 0·85) mmol/l; P = 0·05). A pulse-based diet is effective for reducing total cholesterol and LDL-C in older adults and therefore reduces the risk of CVD.
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Arva, S., M. Zendehdel, Y. EbrahimNezhad, J. Ghiasi Ghalehkandi, S. Hassanpour, and H. Aghdam Shahryar. "Effect of opioid receptors agonists on feeding behaviour using different diets in ad libitum fed neonatal chicken." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 3 (March 10, 2017): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2/2016-cjas.
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Despite progress in studying the role of opioids in reward, the effect of opioid receptors on feeding behaviour in ad libitum fed meat-type chicken offered different diet types is still unclear. So in this study, 12 experiments (each included 4 groups) were designed to determine the role of μ, δ, and κ receptors with different diets on feeding responses in ad libitum fed neonatal chicken. In Experiment 1, group A chicken were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with saline, groups B–D chicken were ICV injected with DAMGO (µ-opioid receptor agonist; 125, 250, and 500 pmol), then standard diet without fat was offered. In Experiment 2, group A chicken were ICV injected with saline, groups B–D chicken were ICV injected with DAMGO (125, 250, and 500 pmol) and diet with nutrient energy ratio 20% below standard was provided to the birds. Experiments 3–4 were similar to Experiment 1, except after injection, diets containing nutrient energy ratio 20% above standard and standard diet with fat were provided to the birds, respectively. In Experiment 5, chicken were ICV injected with saline, DPDPE (δ-opioid receptor agonist) at doses of 20, 40, and 80 nmol, and then received standard diet without fat. Experiments 6–8 were similar to Experiment 5 in which diet containing nutrient energy ratio by 20% lower than standard, diet containing nutrient energy ratio by 20% higher than standard, and diet containing fat were provided instead of standard diet without fat to the birds, respectively. In Experiment 9, birds received ICV injection of saline and U-50488H (κ-opioid receptor agonist; 10, 20, and 40 nmol) and were provided standard diet without fat. Experiments 10–12 were similar to Experiment 9 but after ICV injection, birds were fed diet containing by 20% lower nutrient energy ratio, diet containing by 20% higher nutrient energy ratio, and standard diet containing fat, respectively. Then the cumulative food intake was measured until 180 min post injection. According to the results, DAMGO decreased while DPDPE and U-50488H increased the food intake (P < 0.05). These findings suggest endogenous governing food preferences via δ- and κ-opioid receptor in ad libitum fed neonatal chicken.
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Kawata, T., S. Kohno, T. Fujita, H. Sugiyama, C. Tokimasa, M. Kaku, and K. Tanne. "Long-Term Granular Diet May Lead to Declined Resistance to Trauma of the Temporomandibular Joint." Journal of International Medical Research 28, no. 3 (June 2000): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000002800303.
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This study was carried out to determine the effect of food texture on the response to trauma of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Animals were fed either a solid or granular diet after weaning. At 8 weeks old, condylar hypermobility was induced by forcing the mouth wide open ten times under ether anaesthesia. This procedure was repeated 10 times once daily for 10 consecutive days. The temporomandibular joint tissues were observed microscopically on day 0 and then 2 days, 5 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 5 weeks after the last forced opening. Eighteen male mice were used in total, three for each timepoint. A proliferation in synovial surface cells and an increased number of capillaries were seen at day 2 in the mice fed a granular diet, but not in those fed a solid diet. Multiple cell layers of the synovial membrane, dilated capillaries and fibrin deposits were expanded further between day 2 and week 5 in the mice fed a granular diet, but not until day 5 to week 5 in the mice that had been fed a solid diet. At week 3, the mice fed a granular diet showed erosion of the anterior articular disc. This was observed in both dietary groups at week 5. This study suggests that, in advanced countries, people who habitually eat easily chewable food should be advised that such practice may lead to a decline in the resistance to trauma of the masticatory system.
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Sakaguchi, Ei, and Tatsuro Matsumoto. "Effect of monensin on feed utilization and gastrointestinal fermentation in the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)." British Journal of Nutrition 54, no. 1 (July 1985): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850100.
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1. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of monensin on growth performance, feed utilization and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the forestomach and caecum of hamsters.2. In Expt 1, monensin was fed at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg to the growing male and female hamsters given a commercial diet (major component: lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal). In Expt 2, monensin was fed at levels of 0, 5, 15, 45 and 135 mg/kg to the growing male hamsters given a semi-purified diet containing 10 g urea/kg (main components: maize starch, sucrose, casein and cellulose). In Expt 3, monensin was fed at levels of 0 and 40 mg/kg to the growing male hamsters given the commercial diet containing lucerne meal or a semi-purified diet.3. In Expt 1, monensin improved feed conversion efficiency and growth performances in the young growing hamsters, but monensin did not affect the hamsters at a later growing stage.4. In response to monensin the proportion of acetic acid increased and that of propionic acid decreased in the forestomach, whereas the proportion of acetic acid decreased and that of propionic acid increased in the caecum in Expt 2. The hamsters given 135 mg monensin/kg ate less, developed diarrhoea and died.5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) was improved by monensin but those of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were decreased in hamsters given the semi-purified diet in Expt 3. Monensin did not appear to have a significant effect on the apparent digestibility of the diet containing lucerne meal.6. The responses to monensin in hamsters are compared with those in ruminants.
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Gilbert, Elizabeth R., Zhuo Fu, and Dongmin Liu. "Development of a Nongenetic Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes." Experimental Diabetes Research 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/416254.
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Insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass cause Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to generate a nongenetic mouse model of T2D. Ninety-six 6-month-old C57BL/6N males were assigned to 1 of 12 groups including (1) low-fat diet (LFD; low-fat control; LFC), (2) LFD with 1 i.p. 40 mg/kg BW streptozotocin (STZ) injection, (3), (4), (5), (6) LFD with 2, 3, 4, or 5 STZ injections on consecutive days, respectively, (7) high-fat diet (HFD), (8) HFD with 1 STZ injection, (9), (10), (11), (12) HFD with 2, 3, 4, or 5 STZ injections on consecutive days, respectively. After 4 weeks, serum insulin levels were reduced in HFD mice administered at least 2 STZ injections as compared with HFC. Glucose tolerance was impaired in mice that consumed HFD and received 2, 3, or 4 injections of STZ. Insulin sensitivity in HFD mice was lower than that of LFD mice, regardless of STZ treatment. Islet mass was not affected by diet but was reduced by 50% in mice that received 3 STZ injections. The combination of HFD and three 40 mg/kg STZ injections induced a model with metabolic characteristics of T2D, including peripheral insulin resistance and reduced β-cell mass.
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Miyada, Tomihiro, Akira Nakajima, and Kiyoshi Ebihara. "Iron bound to pectin is utilised by rats." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 1 (April 27, 2011): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510005842.
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In the present in vitro study, the effects of pH and ionic strength on the release of iron from pectin and the ability of pectin to reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron were examined. The bioavailability of Fe bound to pectin was evaluated in rats. The amount of Fe released from pectin was at a maximum at pH 2·0 and decreased as the pH value increased. At pH 2·0, the amount of Fe released from pectin increased as the ion length increased; at pH 5·0, ion length had no effect on pectin release. Pectin effectively reduced Fe from the ferric form to the ferrous form. In rats fed a pectin diet, where Fe bound to pectin was the only Fe source, the final Hb concentration using diets containing 4·4–5·7, 7·2 or 11·5 mg Fe/kg diet was equal to the concentration in rats fed diets containing 4·5, 7·6 or 13·5 mg ferrous iron/kg diet, respectively. Hb regeneration efficiencies in rats fed pectin diets were significantly different from rats fed a diet containing 13·5 mg ferrous iron/kg diet. In rats fed a diet with or without pectin, where ferric iron was the only Fe source, pectin increased the final Hb concentration. These results suggest that Fe bound to pectin is utilised by rats.
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Rainbird, Anna L., and A. G. Low. "Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 1 (January 1986): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860015.
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1. Five pigs initially of 40–50 kg live weight were fitted with simple gastric cannulas which permitted complete evacuation and sampling of gastric digesta once daily.2. The effects of addition of four types of dietary fibre(wheat bran (WB; 40 g/kg), sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose (CMC; 40 g/kg), high-methoxy citrus pectin (Pe; 40 g/kg) and granulated guar gum (G; 40 g/kg)) on gastric emptying of a semi-purified diet during 4 h following a meal were measured.3. Each of the test diets and the control diet (C) were given to each pig for 1 week using a 5 x 5 Latin-square arrangement. Digesta were collected before and 0.5, 1, 2 or 4 h after feeding on the last 5 d of each week.4. The mean gastric pH was not significantly affected by diet except 2 h after feeding (CMC higher than C) and 4 h (Pe, G and CMC higher than C).5. Compared with diet C, the rate of gastric emptying of digesta was significantly slower for diet G, 1, 2 and 4 h after feeding, and 2 and 4 h after feeding for diet CMC.6. The rates of gastric emptying of digesta components were not significantly reduced by dietary fibre except for dry matter (DM) (diet CMC 2 h and diet B 4 h after feeding), total nitrogen (TN)(diet G 2 h after feeding) and total glucose (diet Pe 2 h after feeding).7. There were no significant effects of diet on trichloroacetic-acid-soluble N:TN.8. When gastric emptying was expressed in terms of half-time (T59) values, significant increases (compared with diet C) were found for digesta (diets G and CMC), DM (diet WB) and TN (diet G).9. The apparent viscosity of the gastric digesta was significantly higher when diets Pe, G, and CMC were given than diets C or WB. Diets Pe and CMC were very viscous in the meal before ingestion, but diet G was not; its high viscosity developed after it had reached the stomach.10. It is concluded that although those types of dietary fibre which increased meal or gastric viscosity reduced the rate of gastric emptying of digesta, this effect was confined to the liquid phase, because DM, total glucose and TN emptying were largely unaffected. The hypothesis that a reduced rate of gastric emptying may be an important determinant of the decreased rates of glucose absorption observed when such sources of dietary fibre are eaten is not supported by the results presented.
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Edache, J. A., J. A. Edache, C. D. Tuleun, R. U. Muduudtai, and A. G. Yisa. "Performance and economics of production of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnir japonica) fed varying levels of peeled cooked sun-dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus) meal diets." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i1.2758.
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A six-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding peeled cooked sundried sweet potato tuber on growth parameters and economics of production of Japanese quails. Five isonitrogenous (25%CP) diets were compounded. The control diet (1) had no sweet potato tuber meal while 2, 3, 4 and 5 had maize replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by peeled and cooked sundried sweet potato tuber meal respectively. Three hundred day-old Japanese quails of mixed sexes were randomly assigned the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water provided ad libitum for six weeks. Each diet was allocated to 60 quail chicks which were further divided into three replicates of 20 birds each. Feed intake was significantly (p < 0.05) lower for birds on diet 3 (14.05g/b/d) than for those on diets 4 (14.87g/b/d) and 5 (14.79g/b/d). Water intake was however significantly (p < 0.05) higher for birds on diet 4 (27.40ml/b/d) than for those on diets 1 (23.77ml/b/d), 2 (24.01ml/b/l) and 3 (24.66ml/b/d). Protein intake was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for birds on diet 4 (3.72g/b/d) than for those on diets / (3.55g/b/d), 2 (3.54g/b/d) and 3 (3.51g/b/d). Energy efficiency ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) better on diet 5 (0.29) than on diet 1 (0.24) only. However, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/gain, energy intake and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the control. Total cost of production per bird was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on diet 3 than on diets 4 and 5. Revenue per bird was significantly (p < 0.05) lower on diet 2 than on diets 1 and 4 only. Gross margin per bird was significantly (p<0.05) lower on diet 2 than on diets 1 und 3 only. Total feed intake and seed cost/kg gain were not affected by the diets (p>0.05) and diet 5 has a cost saving of 3.00% over the control diet. Results showed that peeled cooked sundried sweet potato can completely replace maize in the diet of quail chicks without adverse effects on performance or on economics of production of Japanese quails.
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Edache, J. A., C. D. ,. Tuleun, R. U. Muduudtai, and A. G. Yisa. "Performance and economics of production of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed varying levels of peeled cooked sun-dried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) meal diets." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i2.900.
Full textAbstract:
A six–week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding peeled cooked sundried sweet potato tuber on growth parameters and economics of production of Japanese quails. Five isonitrogenous (25%CP) diets were compounded. The control diet (1) had no sweet potato tuber meal while 2, 3, 4 and 5 had maize replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by peeled and cooked sundried sweet potato tuber meal respectively.. Three hundred day-old Japanese quails of mixed sexes were randomly assigned the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water provided ad libitum for six weeks. Each diet was allocated to 60 quail chicks which were further divided into three replicates of 20 birds each. Feed intake was significantly (p< 0.05) lower for birds on diet 3 (14.05g/b/d) than for those on diets 4 (14.87g/b/d) and 5 (14.79g/b/d). Water intake was however significantly (p < 0.05) higher for birds on diet 4 (27.40ml/b/d) than for those on diets 1 (23.77ml/b/d), 2 (24.01ml/b/d) and 3 (24.66ml/b/d). Protein intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher for birds on diet 4 (3.72g/b/d) than for those on diets 1 (3.55g/b/d), 2 (3.54g/b/d) and 3 (3.51g/b/d). Energy efficiency ratio was significantly (p<0.05) better on diet 5 (0.29) than on diet 1 (0.24) only. However, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost/gain, energy intake and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the control. Total cost of production per bird was significantly (p< 0.05) higher on diet 3 than on diets 4 and 5. Revenue per bird was significantly (p< 0.05) lower on diet 2 than on diets 1 and 4 only. Gross margin per bird was significantly (p<0.05) lower on diet 2 than on diets 1 and 3 only. Total feed intake and feed cost/kg gain were not affected by the diets (p>0.05) and diet 5 has a cost saving of 3.00% over the control diet. Results showed that peeled cooked sundried sweet potato can completely replace maize in the diet of quail chicks without adverse effects on performance or on economics of production of Japanese quails.
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Siener, Roswitha, and Albrecht Hesse. "Influence of a mixed and a vegetarian diet on urinary magnesium excretion and concentration." British Journal of Nutrition 73, no. 5 (May 1995): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950081.
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Urinary Mg is suggested to be an effective inhibitor of the formation and growth of calcium oxalate stones. In order to examine the influence of variations in dietary Mg on urinary Mg excretion, ten healthy male subjects were kept on two different standard diets for 5 d each. In the course of the test period, 24 h urine samples were collected. Diets 1 and 2 were calculated according to the dietary recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, 1986). Diet 1 was established as a model of a balanced mixed diet, whereas diet 2 represented an ovo-lacto-vegetarian meal plan. Diets 1 and 2 were isoenergetic with equal amounts of the main nutrients, estimated from food tables, and a constant fluid intake. In contrast to the content of Mg (336 mg) and dietary fibre (28 g) of diet 1, diet 2 was rich in Mg (553 mg) and dietary fibre (52 g). On the ingestion of diet 1, renal Mg excretion was 5·09 (SEM 0·35) mmol on the control day and increased slightly but not significantly to 5·40 (SEM 0·52) mmol on the corresponding day on diet 2. Urinary Mg excretion as a percentage of estimated dietary intake was about double on the balanced mixed diet (37%) than on the Mg-rich vegetarian diet (24%). As both diets contained equal amounts of most nutrients, these results indicate a lower excretion rate of Mg from the vegetarian diet than from the mixed diet. This would appear to be primarily due to the higher Mg and fibre contents and to the lower Mg utilization, that are important factors in decreasing Mg absorption and consequently urinary excretion rate.
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Shiau, Shi-Yen, and Jia-Fen Hsieh. "Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000245.
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An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary K requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Purified diets with eight levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 g/kg diet) of supplemental K were fed to tilapia. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish initially weighing a mean value of 0.77 (SE 0.01) g/fish in a closed, recirculating rearing system. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in fish fed the diets supplemented with 2, 3 and 4 g K/kg diet than in fish fed diet with 10 g K/kg diet and the unsupplemented control diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity was highest in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3 g K/kg diet, followed by fish fed the diet with 5 g K/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the diet with 10 g K/kg diet. Whole-body K content in fish were generally increased as the dietary K supplementation level increased. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body K retention of the fish indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for tilapia is about 2–3 g/kg diet.
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Chappell, Mark C., Liliya M. Yamaleyeva, and Brian M. Westwood. "Estrogen and salt sensitivity in the female mRen(2).Lewis rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 5 (November 2006): R1557—R1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00051.2006.
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The present study determined whether early loss of estrogen influences salt-sensitive changes in blood pressure, renal injury, and cardiac hypertrophy as well as the effects on the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the hypertensive female mRen( 2 ).Lewis strain. Ovariectomy (OVX) of heterozygous mRen( 2 ).Lewis rats on a normal salt (NS) diet (0.5% sodium) increased systolic blood pressure from 137 ± 3 to 177 ± 5 mmHg ( P < 0.01) by 15 wk but did not show any changes in cardiac-to-body weight index (CI), proteinuria, or creatinine clearance. Maintenance with a high-sodium (HS) diet (4%) increased blood pressure (203 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.01), proteinuria (3.5 ± 0.3 vs. 6.4 ± 0.7 mg/day, P < 0.05), and CI (4.0 ± 0.1 vs. 5.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg, P < 0.01) but decreased creatinine clearance (0.89 ± 0.15 vs. 0.54 ± 0.06 ml/min, P < 0.05). OVX exacerbated the effects of salt on the degree of hypertension (230 ± 5 mmHg), CI (5.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg), and proteinuria (13 ± 3.0 mg/day). OVX increased the urinary excretion of aldosterone approximately twofold in animals on the NS diet (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 6.6 ± 0.5 ng·mg creatinine−1·day−1, P < 0.05) and HS diet (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.5 ± 1.0 ng·mg creatinine−1·day−1, P < 0.05). Circulating renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin II were also significantly increased in the OVX group fed a HS diet. These results reveal that the protective effects of estrogen apart from the increase in blood pressure were only manifested in the setting of a chronic HS diet and suggest that the underlying sodium status may have an important influence on the overall effect of reduced estrogen.
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Guz, L., K. Puk, N. Walczak, T. Oniszczuk, and A. Oniszczuk. "Effect of dietary supplementation with Echinacea purpurea on vaccine efficacy against infection with Flavobacterium columnare in zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0087.
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Abstract The effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea (EP) on the response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a Flavobacterium columnare vaccine was investigated. Two hundred D. rerio with an average weight of 290 ± 40 g were selected and fed different levels of E. purpurea (5 g kg-1 diet - group 1, 10 g kg-1 diet - group 2, 20 g kg-1 diet - group 3, 30 g kg-1 diet - group 4, and 0 g kg-1 diet - group 5). Experimental feeding was begun 3 weeks prior to bath immunization and continued until the end of the experiment. Twenty-eight days after immunization the fish were challenged by bath immersion with F. columnare at a concentration of 1x106 CFU/ml. The relative percent survival of the experimental groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) was 5.0, 6.0, 30.0, 36.0 and 5.0, respectively. In conclusion, diet supplementation with E. purpurea may effectively enhance the response of zebrafish to a F. columnare vaccine.
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Olovson, S.-G. "Diet and breeding performance in cats." Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367786780865638.
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A conventional cat breeding colony with 70 queens (female cats) was studied during a 4 year period 1979-1982. During that time the fat content in the diet was increased from 15% to 27% of dry matter. An increase in the number of kittens per litter (from 4·5 to 5·5) and in the annual number of litters per queen (from 1·4 to 2·3) was found. In addition, the mortality decreased from over 20% to 9%. Bodyweight gain under the new diet was such that the males reached 2500 g in 4 months while the females showed this same weight at 5 months of age. Litter size and sex distribution as a function of queen age, litter interval and time of year are presented. It is concluded that husbandry and diet are factors which are of great importance in a cat breeding unit. It is shown that under our conditions it is possible to breed conventional cats with good results.
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Pagliassotti, M. J., P. A. Prach, T. A. Koppenhafer, and D. A. Pan. "Changes in insulin action, triglycerides, and lipid composition during sucrose feeding in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): R1319—R1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.5.r1319.
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In the present study, the time course of change in sucrose-induced insulin resistance, triglyceride (TG) concentration, and liver fatty acid composition was examined. Male rats (n = 8-10/group per time point) was fed a high-starch (ST) diet for 2 wk and were then equicalorically fed ST or a high-sucrose (SU) diet for 1, 2, 5, or 8 wk. Body weight and percent body fat were similar between ST and SU diets at all time points. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the SU diet (9.2 +/- 0.9, 7.4 +/- 0.5, 6.2 +/- 1.0, and 6.0 +/- 0.9 mg.kg-1.min-1) vs. the ST diet (15.1 +/- 1.7, 15.7 +/- 0.7, 14.7 +/- 1.9, and 14.2 +/- 0.9 mg.kg-1.min-1) at 1, 2, 5, and 8 wk, respectively. Reduced suppression of glucose appearance accounted for 85, 50, 45, and 40% of the reduction in GIR at these same time points. Muscle glycogen synthesis was reduced (P < 0.05 vs. ST diet) in the SU diet at 2, 5, and 8 wk. Fasting plasma TG concentration was inversely related (r = -0.79, P < 0.001) to muscle glycogen synthesis, and liver TG concentration was positively related (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) to glucose appearance. Liver fatty acid composition was similar between diet groups. In summary, the SU diet produced insulin resistance in liver before muscle. TG concentration appears to be related to sucrose-induced insulin resistance in liver and muscle.
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Nurhayati, Nurhayati, Berliana Berliana, and Nelwida Nelwida. "Performa Ayam Broiler yang Mengkonsumsi Kulit Nanas yang Difermentasi dengan Yogurt dalam Ransum Mengandung Gulma Obat." Jurnal Agripet 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i1.3657.
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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ayam broiler yang mengkonsumsi kulit nanas yang difermentasi (KNF) dengan yogurt dalam ransum mengandung gulma obat (GO). Materi yang digunakan yaitu 200 ekor ayam broiler jantan umur 2 hari, ransum mengandung gulma obat dan kulit nanas yang difermentasi dengan yogurt. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu T0 (ransum kontrol, ransum mengandung 0 % KNF dan 0 % GO), T1 (ransum mengandung 0 % KNF dan 2 % GO), T2 (ransum mengandung 7,5 % KNF dan 2 % GO), T3 (ransum mengandung 15 % KNF dan 2 % GO), dan T4 (ransum mengandung 22,5 % KNF dan 2 % GO). Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), bobot akhir dan konversi ransum. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan Uji kontras ortogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ransum yang mengandung KNF berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, PBB, bobot akhir, dan konversi ransum. Konsumsi dan konversi ransum meningkat dengan peningkatan pemberian KNF sedangkan bobot badan menurun. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung kulit nanas setelah difermentasi dengan yogurt sebanyak 22,5 % di dalam ransum mengandung campuran gulma obat dapat menurunkan performa ayam broiler. (Broiler chicken performance fed fermented pineapple peel by yogurt in diet containing medicinal weed)ABSTRACT. Research aimed to determine broiler performance fed different level of yoghurt - fermented pineapple peel (FPPM) in the diet containing medicinal weed. Two hundred 2 day - old male broiler chicken, diet containing medicinal weed (MW) and yoghurt - fermented pineapple peel used in this study. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were T0 (control, diet containing 0% FPPM and 0% MW), T1 (diet containing 0% FPPM and 2% MW), T2 (diet containing 7.5% FPPM and 2% MW), T3 (diet containing 15% FPPM and 2% MW), and T4 (diet containing 22.5% FPPM and 2% MW). The variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, live weight and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Contrast orthogonal Test. The results showed that there was a significant effect (P<0,05) of treatment on the feed consumption, body weight gain, live weight and feed conversion ratio. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio increased with increasing level of FPPM in the diet, however, body weight decreased. It is concluded that feeding yoghurt - fermented pineapple peels up to 22,5 % in the broiler diet containing medicinal weed decreased broiler chicken performance.
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OYEGUNWA, A. S., A. A. MAKO, and R. O. ETTU. "PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING PULLETS FED CASSAVA ROOT-BASED DIETS." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i2.1699.
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A 13-week study was carried out to investigate the potentials of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots as a substitute for maize in layers ration. Unpeeled cassava root meal was used at 3 levels of inclusion (25%, 50% and 100%) while the peeled cassava meal was used only at 25% level of inclusion in the diet. A total of 140 black harco pullets were randomly allotted to 5 experimental diets in line with cassava root meal inclusion as diet 1 (control diet without cassava root), diet 2 (25% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 3 (50% unpeeled cassava root meal), diet 4 (100% unpeeled cassava root meal) and diet 5 (25% peeled cassava root meal). The study lasted for 13 weeks. No significant difference (p<0.05) were observed in the values obtained across the treatment groups for feed intake. Birds that were fed with 100% unpeeled cassava meal (diet 4) had significantly lowered body weight gain when compared with birds that were fed with diets 1, 2, 3 and 5 which had similar values. No significant difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio of birds fed with diets 1,2,3 and 5 but these values were significantly lower that the value for diet 4. Other performance indices like age at first egg and hen day production at 24 weeks were not affected by cassava root meal inclusion in the diets. The cost of producing feed using cassava root meal was however cheaper than maize based diet.