Academic literature on the topic '5002 History and philosophy of specific fields'
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Journal articles on the topic "5002 History and philosophy of specific fields"
1
Peterson, David. "The depth of fields: Managing focus in the epistemic subcultures of mind and brain science." Social Studies of Science 47, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312716663047.
Full textAbstract:
The ‘psy’ sciences emerged from the tangled roots of philosophy, physiology, biology and medicine, and these origins have produced heterogeneous fields. Scientists in these areas work in a complex, overlapping ecology of fields that results in the constant co-presence of dissonant theories, methods and research objects. This raises questions regarding how conceptual clarity is maintained. Using the optical metaphor ‘depth of field’, I show how researchers in all fields marginalize potential threats to routine scientific work by framing them as either too broad and imprecise or too narrow and technical. The appearance of this defocusing and devaluing across sites suggests a general aspect of scientific cognition, rather than a by-product of any specific scientific dispute.
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Dung, MA Le Anh. "THE HUMAN ISSUES IN EASTERN PHILOSOPHY." International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 05, no. 05 (2022): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2022.0433.
Full textAbstract:
The East (China and India) is known as a cradle of human civilization. Since ancient times, this place has achieved many brilliant development achievements in all fields of social life, especially philosophy. During the process of formation and development, Eastern philosophy has taken people and human-related issues as the object of study. Theories on people are very rich and diverse in order to clarify the human issues in many different aspects. The paper uses the methodology of the materialist dialectic with comprehensive principle, development one, specific history one and methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis to clarify the basic contents of the human issue in ancient Eastern philosophy, specifically the contents of human origin, human nature, socio-political attitudes of people in ancient Chinese and Indian society.
3
Douglas, Conor M. W. "Managing HuGE Expectations." Science & Technology Studies 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55178.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the rhetorical processes by which spokespersons and practitioners of human genome epidemiology (HuGE) try to articulate and legitimate their methods and approaches, while solidifying their future in American public health as a discipline at the intersection of epidemiological and genomic discourses. Based on works within the ‘dynamics of expectations’ this examination seeks to expand on the temporal understanding of expectations by identifying the specific rhetorical strategies used to manage emerging techno-sciences. Understanding such specific strategies is necessary for analysts working around fields of science that are highly contested and lodged in a prospective discourse, such as the climate sciences, information technologies, and other areas of biotechnology.
4
Radu, Mirela. "Medicine versus philosophy." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 120, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2017.120.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
The ancient Greek medicine was based on the principle that philosophy influences all natural sciences as a whole. The doctor had, first of all, a humanistic formation followed by study of applied sciences specific to medicine. If humanism is purely theoretical, medicine is an applied science and the two-philosophy and medical knowledge, despite the apparent antinomy are able to create a union to the benefit of humanity. Medicine is the art of treating patients, identifying diseases and malady prevention. In its endeavor, medicine is based on the findings of numerous other fields such as physics, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, etc. Philosophy, on the other hand, can be defined as an attempt to understand human life as a whole. It is inevitable that the two ways of dealing with human beings to have influenced each other and the history of mankind. Both forms of knowledge have a major impact and influence on the world. Philosophy, understood in its older meaning, urged towards the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases of the soul whereas medicine, relying on philosophical teachings is aimed at healing the body and study its psychosomatic features.
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Gomboso, Marco. "Experience and the Absolute in the Light of Idealism." Idealistic Studies 50, no. 1 (2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/idstudies202062113.
Full textAbstract:
The question of whether the true character of reality is monistic or pluralistic spans almost the entire history of metaphysics. Though little discussed in recent decades, it presents problems that are nowadays considered of the utmost importance. Think, for instance, of the ultimate nature of elements such as matter, elemental particles or physical fields. Are they self-sufficient? Do they depend on a higher reality? A major discussion regarding the metaphysical grounds of such questions took place in Britain during the late nineteenth century. It saw Francis Herbert Bradley (1846–1924) and James Ward (1843–1925) trying to understand the nature of experience. By recalling that specific discussion, this article seeks to show why the monistic character of reality prevails.
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Kelly, Kimberly, and Linda Grant. "Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields." Social Studies of Science 42, no. 6 (September 11, 2012): 869–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312712457111.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of gender wage gaps in academic work is well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage linked to marital, motherhood, and fatherhood statuses have been less explored among college and university faculty. Drawing from a nationally representative sample of faculty in the US, we explore how the combined effects of marriage, children, and gender affect faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields. We examine whether faculty members’ productivity moderates these relationships and whether these effects vary between SEM and non-SEM faculty. Among SEM faculty, we also consider whether placement in specific disciplinary groups affects relationships between gender, marital and parental status, and salary. Our results show stronger support for fatherhood premiums than for consistent motherhood penalties. Although earnings are reduced for women in all fields relative to married fathers, disadvantages for married mothers in SEM disappear when controls for productivity are introduced. In contrast to patterns of motherhood penalties in the labor market overall, single childless women suffer the greatest penalties in pay in both SEM and non-SEM fields. Our results point to complex effects of family statuses on the maintenance of gender wage disparities in SEM and non-SEM disciplines, but married mothers do not emerge as the most disadvantaged group.
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Lvov, Alexander A. "The specificity of historical-philosophical research in the Humanities." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 3 (2021): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.307.
Full textAbstract:
In interdisciplinary contemporary science, knowledge is obtained from a close collaboration of specialists with various competences. Philosophy appears to be effective in clarifying the meaning of concepts, discerning the normative and the empirical, determining whether the differences in the positions of the participants depend on how they use words or the essence of the argument. Philosophers actively help to develop various fields of the humanities and social sciences and they are in demand in the sciences. They admit themselves that the history of philosophy is the unifying factor for all the areas, although the areas of their research are diverse. The article considers the question of whether it is possible to talk about a specific influence exerted by professional historians of philosophy on other disciplines. Restricted to the humanities, it traces the streams that exist in the dialogue between the humanities and historical-philosophical studies, and also considers what contribution the historians of philosophy make in the field of historical sciences, in various areas of political research, in gender studies, anthropology, theology and religious philosophy, as well as the articulation of practical philosophy as a way of life. Despite the fact that the history of philosophy is thought of as an auxiliary discipline, the contribution of the historians of philosophy to the development of related and indirectly related fields of scholarship is significant: they reconstruct the genealogy of meaning and as a result, the concepts or ideas are clarified within their native cultural environment.
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Di Giulio, Marco. "Did Elitists Really Believe in Social Laws? Some Epistemological Challenges in the Work of Gaetano Mosca and Vilfredo Pareto." Topoi 41, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-021-09764-z.
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AbstractThe epistemological standards of contemporary social sciences refute ‘functional’ and ‘law-like’ explanations, whereas mechanism-based causal explanations have become widely accepted in various fields of inquiry. The paper supports the hypothesis that authors Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca, despite their deference to positivist epistemology, significantly anticipated these developments. Indeed, with their emphasis on history, contexts and agents, elitists ushered into the debate of their time some arguments that realist epistemology fully developed, emphasising the role of context-specific and, often, not directly observable explanatory features. To illustrate the ante litteram epistemological realism of elitist thinkers, the paper reconstructs the positions of Mosca and Pareto concerning two major themes of that time, in which elitists challenged the mainstream ideas and values of most of their peers with epistemological arguments that refuse a linear notion of causality.
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Brenna, Brita. "Clergymen Abiding in the Fields: The Making of the Naturalist Observer in Eighteenth-Century Norwegian Natural History." Science in Context 24, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000044.
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ArgumentBy the mid-eighteenth century, governors of the major European states promoted the study of nature as part of natural-resource based schemes for improvement and economic self-sufficiency. Procuring beneficial knowledge about nature, however, required observers, collectors, and compilers who could produce usable and useful descriptions of nature. The ways governments promoted scientific explorations varied according to the form of government, the makeup of the civil society, the state's economic ideologies and practices, and the geographical situation. This article argues that the roots of a major natural history initiative in Denmark-Norway were firmly planted in the state-church organization. Through the clergymen and their activities, a bishop, supported by the government in Copenhagen, could gather an impressive collection of natural objects, receive observations and descriptions of natural phenomena, and produce natural historical publications that described for the first time many of the species of the north. Devout naturalists were a common species in the eighteenth century, when clergymen and missionaries involved themselves in the investigation of nature in Europe and far beyond. The specific interest here is in how natural history was supported and enforced as part of clerical practice, how specimen exchange was grafted on to pre-existing institutions of gift exchange, and how this influenced the character of the knowledge produced.
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Nersessian, Nancy J. "Interdisciplinarities in Action: Cognitive Ethnography of Bioengineering Sciences Research Laboratories." Perspectives on Science 27, no. 4 (August 2019): 553–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00316.
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The paper frames interdisciplinary research as creating complex, distributed cognitive-cultural systems. It introduces and elaborates on the method of cognitive ethnography as a primary means for investigating interdisciplinary cognitive and learning practices in situ. The analysis draws from findings of nearly 20 years of investigating such practices in research laboratories in pioneering bioengineering sciences. It examines goals and challenges of two quite different kinds of integrative problem-solving practices: biomedical engineering (hybridization) and integrative systems biology (collaborative interdependence). Practical lessons for facilitating research and learning in these specific fields are discussed and a preliminary set of interdisciplinary epistemic virtues are proposed as candidates for cultivation in interdisciplinary practices of these kinds more widely.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "5002 History and philosophy of specific fields"
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Wade, Elizabeth Anne. "Clerks of Courts: Power and Change in the Victorian Magistrates' Courts, 1948 - 1989." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42547/.
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Clerks of Courts in Victoria (today’s Court Registrars) occupied a relatively subordinate position within the public sector hierarchy. Despite the limited role envisaged for them by the Law Department and the statutory and administrative guidelines that framed their work,
these court administrators exerted considerable influence within the busy summary jurisdiction.
This thesis explores the nature of clerks of courts’ formal and informal
discretionary power, and how such power evolved in the context of organisational, legal and social change culminating in the 1980s. Semi-structured interviews with registrars, former clerks, magistrates and judges were conducted to investigate the counter-intuitive concept of lower-level public servants exerting power and influence. Resulting data was analysed using primarily Michael Lipsky’s Street-level Bureaucrat framework.
Findings show that, although flying under the radar, clerks were foundational and forceful actors in the provision and ongoing development of the summary court jurisdiction in Victoria. Their influence derived from a striking combination of factors: their nexus with the judiciary, their court craft and detailed knowledge of statute law, their community connections and status, and their sustained endeavour to self-organise and maintain a strong culture in the face of challenges to their role. These elements also influenced how clerks as a group and as individuals chose to employ discretion in delivering justice to citizens. At their best, they humanised and made procedurally fairer what could have been experienced as an alienating and inequitably weighted justice system.
2
Downes, Gregory Maurice. "An oral history of women's football in Australia." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/34684/.
Full textAbstract:
Women have been playing football (soccer) in Australia since the late
nineteenth century. Over the past forty years the game has grown significantly
with the national team achieving global recognition and the game becoming
more widely accepted within the male-dominated football culture. According to
FIFA there are an estimated 30 million women playing the game worldwide
(FIFA Women’s Football Survey 2014), with around 378, 000 playing in
Australia (Roy Morgan Research 2015). Despite this long and compelling
history, researchers have largely ignored the history of women’s football in
Australia, and the voices of women players remain unheard. The women’s
game is yet to be written into the history of the code.
My research project aims to address this shortage of knowledge by asking the
question – ‘What can the oral history of women who played and play the
game of football contribute to the understandings of gender and football
history in Australia?’ The research uses oral history as a method of qualitative
interview and is based on interviews with eighteen women and three men,
some of whom have represented Australia, other players, administrators and
referees. My methodological approach provides the participants with an
opportunity to express, in their own words, their role in the history of the
game.
3
Bollard, Robert. "The active chorus : Victorian participation in the mass strike of 1917." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32985/.
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In 1917, eastern Australia was in the grip of a mass strike. Of the 97,000 workers
who struck for varying periods between August and December 1917, thirteen per
cent (over 14,000) were Victorian. This thesis will attempt to redress the
historiographical neglect of these Victorian strikes. It will do so by focusing on the
conflict between the rank and file of the unions involved and their officials. It will
draw upon Rosa Luxemburg's analysis of the phenomenon of the mass strike as well
as upon a tradition of Marxist analysis stretching from Luxemburg herself, through
Antonio Gramsci to Tony Cliff, which stresses the role of the trade union
bureaucracy as a principle buttress of reformism. Seen in this light, any rank and file
revolt is a positive development. Indeed, one on the scale of 1917 in eastern
Australia is clearly of immense significance. The fact that the strike was
disorganised and had no clear strategic direction, while regrettable, does not alter
this.
4
Briscoe, Mark. "Political realism and American foreign policy." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32984/.
Full textAbstract:
America's war in Afghanistan and on Iraq classified as part of the war on terror have
come in the aftermath of the atrocities of September 11, 2001 when America was
attacked by Islamist terrorists. America's response to these attacks, especially the
war on Iraq, has been criticized heavily throughout the world. The U.S. has been
criticized on the basis of morality, in terms of increasing the danger of further attacks
on American soil and by its lack of understanding of the Islamic world. Criticism of
U.S. foreign policy will continue long into the fixture, especially if the U.S. maintains
its status as the only superpower in the world, which is unlikely in the long term,
however we need to understand why America is criticized. The purpose of this thesis is to better understand American foreign policy and why
the U.S. embarks on the policies that it does. This understanding will come by way
of analysing America's stance towards both Afghanistan and Iraq in the last quarter
of a century to see how it has changed in correlation with American needs at the
time. Since the events of 9/11 America has become more aggressive in its foreign
policy stance toward both Afghanistan and Iraq. It has ousted both the Taliban and
the Saddam Hussein regime, with the help of allies, from these respective nations.
This thesis will argue that this is natural given the tenets of political realism. Political
realism is a theory based upon self-interest, power and opportunity. America's policy
towards Afghanistan and Iraq will be intimately tied with these notions, as these
notions have been called upon throughout history. The thesis should be viewed as a
microcosm of the realities of international relations. The essay will discuss different
aspects of International Relations political theory and draw the conclusion that political realism provides the more relevant and stronger theories. I use the word
theories because there exists differing approaches within the nexus of realism,
although core assumptions are maintained. The thesis will explore America's role in
Afghanistan and Iraq in the 1980s as well as in its post 9/11 context. Placed in its
proper context American foreign policy should be seen as something that is natural,
rather than something unique to America.
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Bak, Geert. "Negotiating Difference: Steiner Education as an Alternative Tradition within the Australian Education Landscape." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42217/.
Full textAbstract:
Steiner education, also known as Waldorf education, has represented a form of education “against the grain” in the Australian education landscape since its introduction as a practice in Sydney in 1957. Now with sixty schools or programs nationally, and an accredited Australian Steiner Curriculum Framework, Steiner education has shown that educational roots can be sunk into a different educational soil and can prosper. Contributing to the history of education in Australia, as well as to the contemporary understanding of educational alternatives in the Australian context, this study examines the localised development of Steiner education between the years spanning approximately 1970-2010, predominantly in Victoria. Three periods are covered, comprising a founding school phase (1970s), a second-generation Steiner school phase (1980s) and a publicly funded Steiner “streams” phase (approx. 1990 – 2010). Interviews with forty Steiner educators are drawn on, in addition to documentary sources such as school newsletters and newspaper articles, to examine the creation of six Steiner schools or programs. The thesis by publication comprises five papers – four already published and one under review – and an exegesis. Three of the papers are historical, one explores the ethical and methodological considerations stemming from the insider-outsider positioning of the researcher, and one examines the place of Steiner education in the contemporary education landscape in Australia.
The orientations of each paper draw on different elements of the methodology, including: practice theory, Gee’s D/d discourse analysis, oral history, biographical sociology, and auto-ethnography. The basis of Steiner education in an epistemology of movement, representing a foundational interest in dynamic performative discourse and concepts, in contrast to representational, static ones, represents a further red thread throughout this study. The exegesis places these papers in a broader context of debates on education and Steiner education more broadly, pulling together some of the literature and the methodological orientation as a whole. The focus for this study is firstly on the local circumstances of the creation of the schools and programs being examined, from the perspective primarily of Steiner educators involved, and secondly on the evolving external socio-political and bureaucratic contexts for these initiatives. The significance of this study lies in how it shows that while policies such as ‘choice’ may afford important opportunities for the creation of new Steiner schools and programs, they also constrain the conceptualisation of Steiner education. Secondly, it demonstrates that neoliberal approaches to education has narrowed conceptions of epistemological diversity within schooling, contributing to a glossing over of philosophical alternatives in contemporary scholarship on alternative education. Thirdly, the value of examining alternative education to highlight ideological and philosophical tensions and fault lines is shown, particularly in relation to the challenges of philosophical educational change. And finally, the case is made that contemplative inquiry, as well as philosophical and theoretical developments emphasising dynamic concepts of enactment and performance, such as socio-materialism, present helpful new framings for the notion of applied inner- life activity as recognised within Steiner education.
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Delaland, Christopher. "The 1950-1951 anti-communist debates and Herb Evatt's paradoxical relationship with civil liberties." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32982/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to outline the paradoxical relationship that Australia's former Attorney
General and Minister for External Affairs, Herbert Vere Evatt had with the preservation of
civil Liberties within Australia during his long and fruitful career.
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King, Samuel T. "Lenin's Theory of Imperialism Today: The Global Divide Between Monopoly and Non-Monopoly Capital." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37770/.
Full textAbstract:
The income gap between rich and poor countries has increased since 1980, despite the rapid
growth of capitalist commodity production in parts of the Third World. However, contemporary
Marxist writing rarely acknowledges this and can't explain how the imperialist core has
maintained its dominance. Over the same period, academic Marxism has come to reject Lenin's
theory of imperialism, but not replaced it with another Marxist theory. Academic Marxists
instead accept some version of the popular narrative that Third World nations (especially China)
are ‘catching up’ with the imperialist core.
It is shown that Lenin's Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism and its key theoretical
concept—monopoly finance capital—provides a Marxist theoretical framework that can
successfully explain the principle concrete developments in the international economy during
the neoliberal period. These are: the growth of capitalism in the Third World yet lack of
convergence with the imperialist core, how the global division of labour that developed during
the neoliberal period concretely manifests and reinforces imperialist monopolistic dominance
and how, on this basis, the imperialist core usurps the labour value created in the Third World.
Much of essential conceptual framework developed in the thesis was explicit in Lenin's
Imperialism but is lacking from contemporary discussion. It is argued, the most essential form
of monopoly—and that which is the key to long-term reproduction of imperialist core
dominance—is monopolistic dominance over the labour process. The latter is maintained by
monopoly over the highest and most sophisticated labour. Monopoly capital develops in this
way alongside and in connection with the parallel development of non-monopoly capital—much
of which is based in the Third World.
For this reason, the usurpation of value from Third World societies—i.e. Third World
exploitation—is shown to be an integral and inevitable feature of international production and
trade and underscores the longevity of the imperialist system.
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Worley, Leticia. "The poiesis of 'human nature' : an exploration of the concept of an ethical self." Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19374/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis inquires into our ‘human nature’ through an interdisciplinary approach that considers some of the radical changes in intellectual thought at those key points in Western culture in which this concept has been centrally deployed. The broad historical sweep that this study covers finds the preoccupation with defining who we are and what we are capable of inextricably linked with the focus, at most of the pivotal moments examined, on a dominant impulse to conceive human beings as moral creatures.
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Osborne, Samuel. "Staging standpoint dialogue in tristate education: privileging Anangu voices." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32634/.
Full textAbstract:
Aboriginal education in remote areas of Australia continues to be a contested focus for policy and practice, with little debate that actively involves Aboriginal people themselves. This thesis attempts to redress this gap in a small way by in-depth conversations about education with Anangu in the tristate area of central Australia (the region where Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory meet). Here Aboriginal people live in relatively small, dispersed desert communities with close language and familial connections. Contact with Europeans is relatively recent, with provision of schooling moving from centralised mission-based schooling to decentralised community schools following the 1967 referendum. Anangu children are frequently positioned as deficient in mainstream educational achievement narratives within colonial and neo-colonial educational endeavours. This study seeks to inform Anangu education policy and practice from Anangu standpoints and to explore the potential for standpoint dialogue in negotiating alternatives in tristate education (Harding, 1992).
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Lahjie, Annisa Abubakar. "The Impact of Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility and Information Quality on the Value of Indonesian Listed Firms." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33590/.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR), which incorporate notions of transparency, accountability and fairness, are important dimensions of a firm’s responsibilities toward its stakeholders. Although it has been established that these two dimensions make significant contributions towards increasing firm value in developed countries, limited studies have been conducted in developing countries. Furthermore, few studies have examined the influence of CSR on firm value while accounting for the impact of information quality. This study investigated the impact of CG and CSR on the value of listed firms in Indonesia as well as the impact of information quality on CSR and firm value. In order to better understand the relationships, the study utilised a comprehensive measure of CSR; one more suitable in the developing country context.
Books on the topic "5002 History and philosophy of specific fields"
1
Anderson, Miranda, Peter Garratt, and Mark Sprevak, eds. Distributed Cognition in Victorian Culture and Modernism. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442244.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book brings together 11 essays by international specialists in Victorian culture and modernism. The volume opens with a general introduction to distributed cognition that also sets out its relevance to the humanities, followed by a period-specific introduction. The essays revitalise our reading of Victorian and modernist works in the fields of literature, art, philosophy, material culture and the history of science and technology by bringing to bear recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind on the ways in which cognition is distributed across brain, body and world.
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Anderson, Miranda, George Rousseau, and Michael Wheeler, eds. Distributed Cognition in Enlightenment and Romantic Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442282.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This collection brings together eleven essays by international specialists in Romantic and Enlightenment culture and provides a general and a period-specific introduction to distributed cognition and the cognitive humanities. The essays revitalise our reading of Romantic and Enlightenment works in the fields of archaeology, history, drama, literature, art, philosophy, science and medicine, by bringing to bear recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind on the ways in which cognition is distributed across brain, body and world. The volume makes evident the ways in which the particular range of sociocultural and technological contexts that existed during the long eighteenth century periods fostered and reflected particular notions of distributed cognition.
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Corrigan, John, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Religion in America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190456160.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Over 110 scholarly articlesThis encyclopedia is a groundbreaking collection of detailed scholarly articles that address a wide range of topics in American religious history and culture, all written by experts in their fields. It is not an amalgam of articles on the traditionally invoked topics that have directed thinking about religion in America. Rather, it is organized in a way that utilizes the most recent categories of scholarly research to identify the crucial themes, events, people, places, and ideas that have constituted the rich history of religion in America. It is arranged in five sections: Space, Religious Ideas, Race and Ethnicity, Public Life, and Empire. In each section, a range of articles address the religious lives of Americans and the institutions, theologies, and social forces that have influenced those lives and given shape to a broad cultural landscape of religion in America.The articles in each section draw upon scholarship from an assortment of fields. As a result, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Religion in America is fully interdisciplinary in its approach to religion in America. It is informative about cutting-edge debates not only in the fields of religion and history, but in sociology, geography, philosophy, ethnic studies, literature, and a number of other fields as well. The articles are interconnected in various ways. There are common themes as defined by the section headings, such as space, race, and religious ideas. There are also mutually reinforcing articles on specific topics such as a particular denomination, a distinctive intellectual tradition, gender, class, economics, and immigration. The encyclopedia accordingly is best engaged as a tool that can be read both through and across the categories that organize it. It offers multiple insightful takes on a range of topics and represents the history and culture of religion in America in ways that will both resonate with and challenge the perspectives of readers.
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Aquino, Frederick D., and Benjamin J. King. Introduction. Edited by Frederick D. Aquino and Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.30.
Full textAbstract:
This Handbook seeks to explore John Henry Newman with critical appreciation and to assess the large amount of secondary literature. In so doing, it does not intend to protect his legacy but to examine his life, writings, thought, and significance from the different perspectives and disciplines of philosophy, theology, history, education, and literature. Newman himself thought that the attempt to acquire a deeper understanding of things called for more than a single disciplinary perspective. Although a scholar in any particular field works within her boundaries, it is engagement across those boundaries that the present volume seeks to promote while at the same time providing a critical engagement with current scholarship in specific fields. The Handbook does not seek to merge incommensurable readings of Newman into a governing viewpoint and no particular school of thought is privileged. Instead, the volume reflects a broad range of perspectives and methodological assumptions to move all towards deeper understanding.
Book chapters on the topic "5002 History and philosophy of specific fields"
1
Coeckelbergh, Mark. "Introduction: The Question Concerning Technology and Romanticism." In New Romantic Cyborgs. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035460.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction explains that the main argument and narrative of this book is that technology and romanticism are not in opposition to each other. The literature of the philosophy of technology lacks attention to the relationship between romanticism and technology; conversely, in related fields like cultural studies, sociology, and media studies, there is much literature about this relationship and its history. This book focuses on specific and contemporary technologies and critically examines its own arguments. The book also discusses how to move past romanticism, while acknowledging that the means of analysis are informed by Romanticism. It is comprised of three parts which discuss the traditional opposition between technology and romanticism, the complex relationship between them, and the ways to move beyond romantic and machine thinking.
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Menin, Marco. "Introduction." In Thinking About Tears, 1–18. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864277.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Introduction considers the privileged status of tears in the imaginary of the long eighteenth century in France before outlining the book’s central contribution to an already rich and fulsome field. First, it summarizes the most significant contributions to thinking about crying in the French early modern period, work stemming from the history of emotion but also adjacent and intersecting fields. Second, it underlines how the study of the phenomenon of crying represents a significant stage in the decisive process of ‘creating’ the modern notion of emotion, both conceptually and lexically. Finally, it presents the method and innovations this study introduces in relation to the current state of the art. The main methodological advancement is emphasizing the crucial role that the history of ideas in general, and the history of philosophy more specifically, can play in the field of emotions history. This specific point of view allows us to (1) investigate in further depth the role that emotion may play in the foundations of morality, (2) better understand the workings of sensibility, a faculty the description of which inevitably lies at the intersection of philosophy, literature, and science, (3) reveal the synergy between medical and philosophical thought so typical of the eighteenth century, and (4) gain new insight into the thought of foundational early-modern thinkers by looking at their understanding of emotional tears.