Academic literature on the topic '510-30 av'

Preimplantation pig embryos undergo modifications in their metabolism. Glucose is metabolized via aerobic and anaerobic pathways at early cleavage stages, whereas glycolysis becomes the dominant pathway as development progresses. Moreover, fatty acid oxidation rate increases significantly at the early blastocyst stage. It is possible that mitochondria undergo structural and functional changes in response to altering embryo metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate changes in surface density of inner mitochondrial membranes (Sv) and mitochondrial activity (Av) per unit volume of mitochondria during the maturation of oocyte and early development of porcine embryos derived in vivo. The measurements were carried out on immature and matured oocytes, zygotes, 4 to 8 cell embryos, morula, blastocysts, and late and hatched blastocysts (10 to 39 embryos per stage). To estimate Sv, material was stained with mixture of 1.05 μM 10-N-nonyl Acridine Orange (NOA) and 0.5 μM Mito Tracker Deep Red (MtDR) for 30 min at 20°C. To measure Av, oocytes and embryos were labeled sequentially with 0.5μM Mito Tracker Orange CMTMRos (MtOR) for 30 min at 39°C and 0.5 μM MtDr for 30 min at 20°C. Embryos were then fixed in 3.8% formaldehyde and analyzed by confocal microscopy with a LSM 510 Meta Zeiss. The amounts of fluorescence emitted from embryos labeled as INOA, IMtOR, and IMtDR were measured because these ratios were directly proportional to Sv and Av, respectively. Values Sv and Av calculated for embryos at different stages of development were compared by ANOVA and Tukey’s intervals. During oocyte maturation, Av was low and remained unchanged, whereas Sv significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from 0.26 ± 0.021 f.a.u. (fluorescence arbitrary units) at immature oocytes to 0.11 ± 0.012 f.a.u. at matured oocytes. From the zygote to morula stage, Av was constant and then increased almost 5 times to the value of 0.95 ± 0.036 f.a.u. at the blastocyst stage, whereas late and hatched blastocyst characterized by significantly lower (P < 0.001) Av: 0.51 ± 0.023 and 0.34 ± 0.019 f.a.u., respectively. Surface density of the inner mitochondrial membrane in pig embryo during cleavage significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 0.16 ± 0.013 f.a.u. at zygote to 0.35 ± 0.020 and 0.75 ± 0.059 f.a.u. at morula and blastocyst, respectively. In conclusion, during the early stage of pig embryo development, mitochondria undergo structural and functional changes. Results demonstrate that the area density of inner mitochondrial membranes increases earlier (at 4 to 8 cell stages) than mitochondrial activity, which increase not before blastocyst stage. Furthermore, after blastocoel formation, when energy requirement is significantly lower, Av decrease but Sv remain constant.

Abstract While MHA has been frequently reported with mechanical heart valves, hemolysis associated with native valvular heart disease is rare. A 20-year-old Amish female presented with left hip arthritis in 5/03. She had suffered rheumatic fever at age 10 manifested by Sydenham chorea, mitral regurgitation (MR) and migratory polyarthritis prompting a 5-year course of penicillin. In 5/03, she was admitted with acute arthritis of the left hip and pain in her left shoulder and hands. This picture together with a systolic murmur, pericardial friction rub and an ESR of 118 mm/h prompted a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealing a myxomatous mitral valve (MV) with severe MR and thickening of the tip of the posterior leaflet of the MV suspicious for endocarditis. Mild aortic regurgitation (AR) was also present. Blood cultures remained sterile; however, she received a course of penicillin prior to her hospital presentation. Antibiotics followed for culture-negative endocarditis. Anemia was noted with Hgb of 9.4 g/dL (12–16), HCT 27.6% (37–49), reticulocyte count 2.2%, absolute reticulocyte count 73.1 k/mcL (22–106). Serum haptoglobin was 452 mg/dL (34–234), bilirubin 0.5 mg/dL (0.2–1.2) and LDH 169 U/L (94–250). ESR was 118 mm/h (0–30). ASO was 200 IU (<200). ANA was not present. Cardiac cath demonstrating severe MR prompted a MV annuloplasty with insertion of a Duran ring in 7/03. Aortic valvular (AV) annuloplasty was also performed. No vegetations were noted. However, nodules of Arantius were prominent. In 3/04, a loud MR murmur on auscultation prompted a TEE revealing severe MR with redundant loose tissue on the atrial surface of both MV leaflets. Mild AR and moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation were also seen. Anemia was again noted with Hgb of 10.2 g/dL. MCV was 94.2 μM3 (81–99), RDW 18.4, ESR 125 mm/h. Reticulocyte count was 9.5%. Peripheral blood smear revealed fragmented erythrocytes. Serum haptoglobin was less than 6 mg/dL, bilirubin 2.3 mg/dL, LDH 1230 U/L. Direct antiglobulin test was not reactive. PT was 14.8 sec (10.8–15.9), INR 1.2, APTT 28.6 sec (23–35), fibrinogen 611 mg/dL (174–510). D-dimer was present in concentrations greater than 0.5 mcg/mL. Vitamin B12 was 639 pg/mL (211–911). Folate was greater than 24 ng/mL (1.1–20). Homocysteine was 8.1 μM (5.0–15). Methylmalonic acid was 184 μmol/L (88–243). Serum iron was 43 mcg/dL (37–170), TIBC 334 mcg/dL (250–450) with transferrin saturation of 13%. Heinz bodies were not present. Ham’s test was without hemolysis. Lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody, ANA, rheumatoid factor, antidouble-strand DNA, p-ANCA and c-ANCA were not present. ASO was 200 U/mL. DNA-se antibody was present at 240 (reference range less than 85). Blood cultures were sterile. On 3/18/04, she underwent AV and MV replacement with tricuspid annuloplasty. Annular dilatation was noted with diffuse inflammation suspicious for an acute rheumatic process. The Duran ring was well seated. The posterior mitral leaflet was immobilized by the diffuse inflammatory process. Histologic analysis of the valves described inflammatory changes compatible with acute rheumatic valvulitis. Following her operation, her hematologic picture became normal. On 4/26/04, Hgb was 12.1 g/dL, HCT 36.3%, bilirubin 0.8 mg/dL, LDH 265 U/L. The pattern of hemolysis appears most consistent with MHA related to acute rheumatic valvulitis with recovery following valve replacement.

Les institutions de la République romaine (509-27 av. J. C.) prévoyaient théoriquement que les magistratures électives et annuelles ne devaient jamais être vacantes. Ce principe juridique fondamental avait pour conséquence une continuité dans la détention du pouvoir exécutif qui reposait sur le ius, les auspicia et l’imperium. Cependant, il arriva à maintes reprises que les magistratures supérieures – consulat, tribunat militaire à pouvoir consulaire – fussent suspendues en raison soit d’entrave à la tenue des comices électoraux soit de scrupules religieux entraînant l’expiation rituelle et la renouatio auspiciorum. La légitimité et la légalité de la solution à la vacance du pouvoir exécutif reposait alors sur les patres auctores, détenteurs de l’auspicia patrum. Le rite de l’interregnum, procédure juridique archaïque, était l’émanation la plus claire de cette auctoritas patrum, apanage exclusif des sénateurs patriciens. Les vénérables pères, descendants des plus illustres familles de Rome, étaient les seuls à même de remédier à la vacance des magistratures par ce rite qui remontait, d’après la tradition, à l’époque royale latino-sabine et renvoyait au mythe bien connu du démembrement et de l’apothéose de Romulus. Le partage du corps souverain constitue à ce titre un symbole fondamental pour la représentation de l’auctoritas patrum et de la magistrature républicaine dont il serait peut-être vain de rechercher l’historicité. L’objet de cette étude est donc d’analyser la fort ancienne institution de l’interregnum qui, comme bien d’autres, était caractérisée par un passage progressif du sacral au juridique. Le droit public prévoit dans tout système institutionnel des recours d’exception révélant la représentation psychologique du pouvoir souverain. Rome n’échappe pas à la règle voire même elle put, d’une certaine façon, l’inventer.<br>The institutions of the Roman Republic (509-27 B.C.) were made to ensure, in theory, that electives and annuals magistracies must never be vacant. This fundamental juridical rule had as consequence an absolute continuity in the detention of the executive power which was based on ius, auspicia and imperium. However, it occurred several times that the supreme magistracies – consulate, military tribunate with consular power – were suspended because either of hindrance to the holding of consular elections or religious misgiving leading to ritual expiation and renouatio auspiciorum. The legitimacy and the legality of the solution to the vacancy of the executive power then relied on the patres auctores, holders of the auspicia patrum, exclusive privilege of the patrician senators. The venerable fathers, heirs of Rome’s most illustrious families, were the only ones to be able to put an end to the vacancy of the magistracies by using the ritual called interregnum which appeared, according to the roman tradition, during the royal latine-sabine period and were connected to the famous myth of the dismemberment and the apotheosis of Romulus. The partition of the king’s embodiment constitute, as such, a fundamental symbol of the representation of auctoritas patrum and of the republican magistracy of which it should be vain to search any historicity. The purpose of this study is thus to analyse the very old institution of the interregnum which, as many, was characterised by the progressive transformation from the sacred to the juridical. In every institutional system, the public law makes provision for exception recourses revealing the psychological representation of the sovereign power. Rome is not an exception to the rule; the city could even, in a certain manner, have invented it.

La période entre 338 et 290 av. J.-C. fut un tournant pour Rome, car elle vit la soumission des Latins et la défaite des Samnites, ce qui permit à l’Urbs de devenir la première puissance italique. On assista donc à l’avènement d’un impérialisme romain. Se pose alors la question de l’idéologie d’État de cette Rome en transition. Comme cette expansion fut accompagnée par la construction, à Rome, de dix nouveaux temples, souvent dédiés à des divinités nouvelles, et que toute divinité exprimait une idéologie, il nous a semblé possible de reconstituer, dans ses grands traits, cette idéologie d’État grâce aux nouvelles divinités et leurs sanctuaires. Nous avons donc choisi d’analyser deux nouveaux temples : celui de Quirinus et celui de Victoria. Le choix de Quirinus s’explique par le fait que ce dieu avait, on l’a montré, déjà été assimilé à Romulus ; quant à Victoria, on l’a choisie pour trois raisons : elle était une déesse de la victoire ; son temple fut élevé au-Dessus du Lupercal, au cœur même de la « Rome de Romulus » ; grâce aux fouilles de P. Pensabene, on peut reconstituer son sanctuaire. Puis, on a analysé les deux temples et leurs divinités à travers les concepts (cadre social de la mémoire, mémoire collective) issus de la sociologie de M. Halbwachs. On a ainsi constaté qu’à travers ces temples, l’élite dirigeante avait diffusé auprès du peuple une nouvelle identité collective affirmant le caractère exceptionnel de Rome et contenant l’idée d’une expansion illimitée de l’Urbs. Cette création d’une identité romaine impérialiste se fondant sur Romulus et la religion en général, on peut l’interpréter comme la construction d’un destin collectif pour Rome<br>The period between 338 and 290 B.C. saw a sea change for Rome, because the subjugation of the Latins and the defeat of the Samnites allowed her to become the main italic power, and witnessed the advent of a roman imperialism. In this context arises the problem of the state ideology of this Rome in transition. As this expansion was accompanied by the construction of ten new temples in Rome, frequently consecrated to new deities, each of them expressing a specific ideology, we thought it possible to reconstruct the new state ideology through an analysis of the deities and shrines in question. So, for our study, we chose two new temples, those of Quirinus and of Victoria. Quirinus because of his assimilation to Romulus, Victoria because she was a deity of victory; her shrine was built above the Lupercal, at the heart of the “Rome of Romulus”; and because her temple can be reconstructed thanks to the excavations of P. Pensabene. Then we analyzed the two temples and their godheads through concepts (social frame of memory; collective memory) taken from the sociology of M. Halbwachs. In this way we came to the conclusion that, through these two shrines, the ruling élite had tried to communicate to the common people a new collective identity promoting the exceptionality of Rome and her unlimited powers of expansion. This construction of an imperialistic roman identity being based on Romulus and the religion in general, one can interpret it as construction of a collective destiny for Rome