Relevant bibliographies by topics / -530 b.c

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '-530 b.c'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Li, Xi Feng, Kai Feng Zhang, Wen Bo Han, and Guo Feng Wang. "Gas Pressure Forming of Amorphous Fe78Si9B13 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.575.

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The deformation behavior of gas pressure forming of amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was investigated under equibiaxial tension. The gas pressure forming was carried out in the temperature range of 430°C~530°C below the crystallization temperature Tx and die apertures of 5mm~10mm. The dome height and amorphous ribbon thickness of deformed specimens at the pole was measured. It was found that amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy had exhibited good plasticity in the experimental temperature range. The near-semisphere specimens of the radius 5mm and the height 4.5mm were obtained from the gas-pressure forming at 450°C and 530°C for 30min, which is similar to the superplastic forming.
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Cheng, Fang Jie, Jun Feng Yao, Ying Wang, Jun Xiang Yang, Guan Xing Zhang, and Wei Min Long. "Effects of the Chemical Compositions of KF-CsF-AlF3 Middle Temperature Aluminum Flux on Melting Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.191.

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According to the KF-CsF-AlF3 ternary phase diagram, 25 samples (named group A) near the region around the E4 and E5 (ternary eutectics points), and 22 samples (named group B) near another region around the e5 (binary eutectic point) and m2 (ternary eutectics point) were prepared by the wet synthesis method. The melting curves of these samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the DSC data, the effects of the fluxs compositions on the melting characteristics were analyzed and summarized. The results indicated that the lowest solidus of group A samples was about 480°C, meanwhile, their liquidus was about 520~530°C, and the melting range was approximately 40°C. Furthermore, when the content of CsF was lower than 18mol%, the solidus of group A samples apparently rose to about 510°C, but the liquidus did not change greatly. The lowest solidus of group B samples was about 420°C, meanwhile, their liquidus was below 450°C, and the melting range was approximately 20~30°C. So, with this profile of melting characteristics, some of the samples of group B flux would be good substrates for aluminum alloy middle temperature brazing, with good prospects for application.
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Krishna, Marothu Vamsi, and Dannana Gowri Sankar. "Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations." E-Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/628987.

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Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.
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Abenojar, J., P. Díaz, M. A. Martinez, and Francisco Velasco. "Influence of Forming on the Mechanical Properties of the Al + 50 % B4C System." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.304.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Degradation of Brilliant Green by Using a bentonite Clay- Based Fe Nano Composite Film as a Heterogeneous Photo- Fenton Catalyst." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2016): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.3.524-530.

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This paper aims to study the chemical degradation of Brilliant Green in water via photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) and Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) reaction. Fe- B nano particles are applied as incrustation in the inner wall surface of reactor. The data form X- Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that Fe- B nanocomposite catalyst consist mainly of SiO2 (quartz) and Fe2O3 (hematite) crystallites. B.G dye degradation is estimated to discover the catalytic action of Fe- B synthesized surface in the presence of UVC light and hydrogen peroxide. B.G dye solution with 10 ppm primary concentration is reduced by 99.9% under the later parameter 2ml H2O2, pH= 7, temperature =25°C within 10 min. It is clear that pH of the solution affects the photo- catalytic degradation of B.G dye. All the conditions above have been studied to reach the optimum operation condition for the two processes Fenton and photo- Fenton. The B.G degradation process follows first- order reaction rules. Photo- Fenton process causes a more efficient oxidation rate than the Fenton process. So, the photo- Fenton degradation is an effective and economic process by producing higher percentage of degradation and mineralization in short radiation time.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite, Elayne Grun, Christian D. Denardi, Dachamir Hotza, and Marilena Valadares Folgueras. "Effects of Raw Materials on the Technological Properties of Brick Compositions Using a Statistical Design Approach." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.486.

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The simultaneous effect of raw materials (A, B and C) on physical and technological properties of brick compositions was studied. This investigation was carried out using the statistical design of mixture experiments. Ten mixtures of three raw materials were selected and used in the experiments design. Those mixtures were processed under conditions similar to those found in the ceramics industry. Fired body characterisation results were then used to iteratively calculate statistically significant and valid regression equations (trace plots), relating linear firing shrinkage, open porosity, fired bending strength and water absorption with the proportions of raw materials. The microstructures of some selected samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Mixtures with high clay B contents were most adequate to produce, under constant processing conditions, a brick with specified properties. The microstructures are characterized by a low closed porosity and absence of vitreous phase.
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Huo, Xiang Dong, Zhang Guo Lin, Yu Tao Zhao, and Yu Qian Li. "Development of Low Carbon Bainitic Cr-B Steel with High Strength and Good Toughness." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.937.

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In order to develop low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel, experimental procedures including melting, thermal simulation study and laboratory hot rolling were adopted. The dynamic CCT diagram was established, microstructure and properties of experimental steel were also analyzed. The transformation temperature of experimental steel lies between 650～400°C and final microstructure changes fromquasi-polygonal ferrite, granular bainite to lath bainite as cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50°C.s-1. The microstructure of steel plates, air cooled or water cooled to 530°C then air cooled, is mainly composed of granular bainite and quasi-polygonal ferrite, and the large size islands in granular bainite are responsible for the low strength and poor toughness. However, steel plate with lath bainite, water cooled to roomtemperature, boasts high yield strength (672MPa) and superior impact toughness (127J at -20°C). Therefore, it is feasible to produce low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel with high strength and good toughness through controlling cooling parameters.
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Ghosh, Siddhartha S., Yang Lu, Sung W. Lee, Xia Wang, Chandan Guha, Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury, and Namita Roy-Chowdhury. "Role of cysteine residues in the function of human UDP glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1)." Biochemical Journal 392, no. 3 (December 6, 2005): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050381.

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Bilirubin glucuronidation, catalysed by UGT1A1 [UGT (UDP glucuronosyltransferase) isoform 1A1, EC 2.4.1.17], is critical for biliary elimination of bilirubin. UGT1A1 deficiency causes CN-1 (Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1), which is characterized by potentially lethal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis of UGT1A1 in two CN-1 patients revealed that patient A was homozygous for a nt 530 G→A (where nt 530 G→A means guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 530) mutation, predicting a C177Y substitution, and patient B had a nt 466 T→C mutation on one allele and a nt 1070 A→G mutation on the other, predicting a C156R and a Q357R substitution respectively. All 11 cysteine residues of mature human UGT1A1 are highly conserved in other human UGT isoforms and in rat, mouse and Rhesus monkey UGT1A1, suggesting their functional importance. Expression of mutagenized UGT1A1 plasmids showed that substitution of any of the seven cysteine residues located within the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (including those mutated in patients A and B) abolished UGT1A1 activity or markedly increased its apparent Km for bilirubin. Substitution of the three cysteine residues within the C-terminal cytosolic tail had minimal effect on basal UGT1A1 activity, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc. N-Ethylmaleimide did not inhibit UGT1A1 activity in native microsomes, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc and inhibited the activity in digitonin-permeabilized microsomes. Dithiothreitol did not affect UGT1A1 activity in human liver microsomes. Together, the results suggested that free thiol groups, but not disulphide bonding, of seven cysteine residues within the intracisternal region of human UGT1A1 are important for its catalytic activity, while cysteine residues in the cytosolic domain may be involved in its physiological activation by UDP-GlcNAc.
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Hu, Jie, Jian Zhou, Haoran Tang, Cancan Jia, Feng Xie, Yue Zhang, and Shidong Jia. "Prognostic value of minimal residual disease profiling in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2024): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.530.

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530 Background: Detecting post-surgical residual disease is a critical clinical requirement in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies focused on specific genomic regions have indicated that ctDNA holds promise as a tool for prognostic assessment. Nevertheless, these methods exhibited limited sensitivity and failed to meet the minimal residual disease (MRD) threshold. Here we report the prognostic value of MRD profiling in HCC patients who have undergone hepatectomy. Methods: This retrospective study involved 88 HCC patients who underwent surgical resections in China, from January to May in 2016. During surgery, tumor and normal tissue specimens were collected. Plasma samples were obtained 7 days post-surgery. PredicineBEACON, a baseline tissue- or blood-informed MRD assay, was used for MRD profiling. This entailed identifying tumor-specific mutations through whole exon sequencing of tissue samples. Subsequently, a personalized MRD panel, selecting up to 50 mutations via bioinformatics pipelines merged with a fixed panel featuring 500 tumor actionable hotspots, was created for each patient. To detect MRD in post-surgery plasma samples, we employed ultra-deep sequencing at a coverage of 100,000X, utilizing the designed panel. Results: In the cohort of 88 patients, the distribution based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging was as follows: 79.5% stage A (N=70), 12.5% stage B (N=11), and 8.0% stage C (N=7,). The MRD assay identified 36 patients as MRD+ and 52 patients as MRD-. We observed significant correlations between MRD status and both relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). For MRD+ patients, the median RFS was 17.1 months, while it was not reached for MRD- patients (p=0.0013). Likewise, the median OS for MRD+ patients was 40.1 months, in contrast to it not being reached for MRD- patients (p=0.0012). The MRD positivity rate stood at 100% in stage C patients, a significantly higher percentage compared to the rates observed in stage B (36.4%, p=0.0256) and stage A (36.2%, p=0.0042). Significantly, MRD status emerged as a pivotal prognostic differentiator among clinically low-risk patients in stage A: among MRD+ patients, the median RFS was 23.3 months, whereas it was not reached for MRD- patients (p=0.05). Additionally, the median OS of both MRD+ and MRD- was not reached but their survival curves showed significant differences (p=0.038). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical utility of ctDNA MRD assay in patients with resectable HCC, as notably evident in the robust detection of MRD using plasma samples collected 7 days after surgery. Furthermore, the assessment of post-surgical MRD status provided valuable prognostic insights into both patient survival and the risk of disease relapse. ctDNA MRD status played a pivotal role as a prognostic differentiator, particularly among clinically low-risk patients.
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Boeck, Lucas, Joan B. Soriano, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Francesco Blasi, Konstantinos Kostikas, Wim Boersma, Branislava Milenkovic, et al. "Prognostic assessment in COPD without lung function: the B-AE-D indices." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 6 (April 21, 2016): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01485-2015.

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Several composite markers have been proposed for risk assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, choice of parameters and score complexity restrict clinical applicability. Our aim was to provide and validate a simplified COPD risk index independent of lung function.The PROMISE study (n=530) was used to develop a novel prognostic index. Index performance was assessed regarding 2-year COPD-related mortality and all-cause mortality. External validity was tested in stable and exacerbated COPD patients in the ProCOLD, COCOMICS and COMIC cohorts (total n=2988).Using a mixed clinical and statistical approach, body mass index (B), severe acute exacerbations of COPD frequency (AE), modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea severity (D) and copeptin (C) were identified as the most suitable simplified marker combination. 0, 1 or 2 points were assigned to each parameter and totalled to B-AE-D or B-AE-D-C. It was observed that B-AE-D and B-AE-D-C were at least as good as BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity), ADO (age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction) and DOSE (dyspnoea, obstruction, smoking, exacerbation) indices for predicting 2-year all-cause mortality (c-statistic: 0.74, 0.77, 0.69, 0.72 and 0.63, respectively; Hosmer–Lemeshow test all p>0.05). Both indices were COPD specific (c-statistic for predicting COPD-related 2-year mortality: 0.87 and 0.89, respectively). External validation of B-AE-D was performed in COCOMICS and COMIC (c-statistic for 1-year all-cause mortality: 0.68 and 0.74; c-statistic for 2-year all-cause mortality: 0.65 and 0.67; Hosmer–Lemeshow test all p>0.05).The B-AE-D index, plus copeptin if available, allows a simple and accurate assessment of COPD-related risk.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Schmidt, Harald. "Fundamentals of self-diffusion in amorphous Si-(B-)C-N." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 59, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14392.

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Krevet, B. [Verfasser]. "Keimbildung und Phasenwachstum von hoch-Tsub(c)Nb₃Ge-Aufdampfschichten / B. Krevet." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1196632383/34.

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Schmidt, Harald. "Fundamentals of self-diffusion in amorphous Si-(B-)C-N." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196130.

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Emmerich, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer. "Decay Form factors for Λb,c and B with QCD sum rules / Maximilian Emmerich ; Betreuer: Andreas Schäfer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166950751/34.

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Stoica, Mihai [Verfasser]. "Casting and characterization of Fe-(Cr,Mo,Ga)-(P,C,B) soft magnetic bulk metallic glasses / Mihai Stoica." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186588829/34.

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Mannarini, Gianandrea [Verfasser], G. C. La [Gutachter] Rocca, B. [Gutachter] Esser, and R. [Gutachter] Zimmermann. "Speckle Analysis of the Excitonic Emission fromQuantum Wells / Gianandrea Mannarini ; Gutachter: G. C. La Rocca, B. Esser, R. Zimmermann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1206189355/34.

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Linß, Volker. "Herstellung und Charakterisierung von dünnen Schichten im ternären System B-C-N." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200300286.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von dünnen Schichten im ternären System B-C-N. In diesem System sind einerseits die härtesten heute bekannten Materialien (Diamant, c-BN) enthalten, aber andererseits auch Stoffe mit unterschiedlichsten elektrischen Eigenschaften (Graphit, h-BN). Es besteht daher das Bestreben, verschiedene bekannte Materialien zu kombinieren und so deren Eigenschaften in gewünschter Weise einzustellen. Allerdings wird sowohl experimentell als auch theoretisch des öfteren eine Separation in BN- und C/CNx-Phasen beobachtet. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Schichten über einen weiten Stöchiometriebereich mittels reaktiver DC-Magnetronzerstäubung hergestellt und untersucht. Schwerpunkt wurde dabei auf die Analyse der Struktur und des Bindungszustandes sowie die mechanischen Eigenschaften Härte und Elastizitätsmodul gelegt. Es wird diskutiert, in welchen Elementezusammensetzungen wirkliche ternäre Verbindungen entstanden sind und ein Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und mechanischen Eigenschaften in Form einer empirischen Formel abgeleitet.
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Nagara, Srinivasa Prasanna Srivatsa [Verfasser], Anne E. B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nielsen, Anne E. B. [Gutachter] Nielsen, Roderich [Akademischer Betreuer] Moessner, Roderich [Gutachter] Moessner, and Jan C. [Gutachter] Budich. "Special states in quantum many-body spectra of low dimensional systems / Srivatsa Nagara Srinivasa Prasanna ; Gutachter: Anne E. B. Nielsen, Roderich Moessner, Jan C. Budich ; Anne E. B. Nielsen, Roderich Moessner." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-758538.

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Lattemann, Martina [Verfasser]. "Herstellung und Charakterisierung kovalent gebundener Ein- und Viellagenschichten aus dem System B-C-N-Si / Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe. Martina Lattemann." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2004. http://d-nb.info/972691022/34.

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Manna, Sourav [Verfasser], Anne E. B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nielsen, Roderich [Akademischer Betreuer] Moessner, Roderich [Gutachter] Moessner, Jan C. [Gutachter] Budich, and Simon [Gutachter] Trebst. "Quasiparticles in Quantum Many-Body Systems / Sourav Manna ; Gutachter: Roderich Moessner, Jan C. Budich, Simon Trebst ; Anne E. B. Nielsen, Roderich Moessner." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227832834/34.

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Books on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Richemond, Albert De. 500 AP physics B & C questions to know by test day. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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C, Freudenrich Craig, ed. 500 AP physics B & C questions to know by test day. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Xenophon. Anabasis: Der Zug der Zehntausend : griechisch-deutsch. München: Artemis, 1990.

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Xenophon. Anabasis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001.

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Fiorenza, Bevilacqua, ed. Anabasi. Torino: Unione tipografico-editrice torinese, 2002.

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Brownson, Carleton L. b. 1866. and Dillery John 1961-, eds. Anabasis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998.

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1892-1975, Sonevyt͡s︡ʹkyĭ Mykhaĭlo, ed. Anabazis. Ni͡u︡ Ĭork: Naukove t-vo im. Shevchenka, 1986.

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Athenian Politics, C. 800-500 B. C: A Sourcebook. Routledge, 1990.

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Saurer-Smith, Mary. Reincarnations of Marisa: 5300 B. C. to 21st Century A. D. Outskirts Press, Incorporated, 2011.

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Byers, A. Martin. Reclaiming the Hopewellian Ceremonial Sphere: 200 B. C. to A. D. 500. University of Oklahoma Press, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Predel, B. "C - Si (Carbon - Silicon)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 145. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_100.

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Predel, B. "C - Ta (Carbon - Tantalum)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 146. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_101.

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Predel, B. "C - Ti (Carbon - Titanium)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 147–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_102.

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Predel, B. "C - Tm (Carbon - Thulium)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 150. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_103.

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Predel, B. "C - V (Carbon - Vanadium)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 151–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_104.

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Predel, B. "C - Y (Carbon - Yttrium)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 153–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_105.

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Predel, B. "C - Zr (Carbon - Zirconium)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 155. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_106.

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Predel, B. "Ba - C (Barium - Carbon)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_49.

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Predel, B. "B - C (Boron - Carbon)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 25–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_5.

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Predel, B. "C - Co (Carbon - Cobalt)." In B - Ba … Cu - Zr, 129. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44756-6_85.

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Conference papers on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Mamaev, B. I., M. M. Petukhovsky, and A. V. Pozdnyakov. "Shrouding the First Blade of High Temperature Turbines." In ASME 2013 Turbine Blade Tip Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/tbts2013-2001.

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Blade shrouding gives an opportunity to increase the HPT (high pressure turbine) first stage efficiency by 2–3 %. However, if high gas temperature and high circumferential velocity are at the stage, shrouding can be problematic due to load increasing at blade/disk attachment and high temperature of the shroud itself. To make blade/disk attachment more reliable the shroud axial width has to be decreased by increasing a relative pitch of airfoil cascades t (t = t / b, where t – pitch, b – chord) at the blade tip span. According to experience for a flow with β1 = 50 – 85°, M2 = 0.8 – 1, and Re = (0.8 – 1)•106 high efficient cascades with t = 0.93 – 1.05 can be designed. Application of such a profiling for GTE (gas turbine engine) turbine is demonstrated here. In the turbine meridian flow path the blade was drastically tapered to the tip (tip width was 53 % of the mean width and 46 % of the hub width). To lighten the blade a partial shrouding can be also applied. Model turbine tests showed that local cuts at the front shroud area and the aft shroud area at the airfoil pressure side influenced the efficiency weakly. Required shroud temperature is provided with a cooling. The aircraft turbine with a governed cooling system and a radial clearance control is an example here. In this case the shroud had 3 labyrinth ribs. The shrouding decreased radial clearance by 0.8 mm at main design modes that increased efficiency by ∼ 1.5 %. To cool down the shroud the air downstream the compressor was fed into the cavity behind the front labyrinth rib. At maximal mode with full cooling the relative coolant mass flow (to the compressor mass flow) was mc = 1.3 % and gas leakages through the labyrinth were 0.2 %. It gave acceptable mixed temperature of 530°C in the cavity over the shroud. At cruise high altitude mode and a lower gas temperature and partial cooling with mc = 0.4 % and gas leakages of 0.1 % the mixed temperature also did not exceed 530°C over the shroud. The assessment with taking into account changes of the clearance, the coolant mass flow, and gas leakages showed that the shrouding provided the engine economy improvement by 0.7 – 0.9 % for both modes. For GTPU (gas turbine power unit) the first blade shrouding can be more complicated. However, even the slight turbine efficiency increase provides considerable profits due to GTPU huge power output and long term running. So, when GTE and GTPU designing starts, it is reasonable to consider the turbine first blade shrouding. Here the integral evaluation criterion, which includes the assessment of a possible income from the unit full life cycle running, has to be applied.
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Wang, Y., M. D. McMurtrey, R. I. Jetter, and T. L. Sham. "Evaluation of Mean Stress Correction on Fatigue Curves of Grade 91 and Alloy 617 in ASME Section III Division 5." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21572.

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Abstract The current ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B has only one design fatigue curve for grade 91 steel (Gr. 91) at 540 °C (or 1000 °F). The ASME Section III Working Group on Creep-Fatigue and Negligible Creep (WG-CFNC) has taken an action to incorporate the temperature-dependent design fatigue curves for Gr. 91 developed by Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) into ASME Section III Division 5. During the process, issues regarding the effect of mean stress on fatigue analysis, and how to consider the mean stress effect for elevated-temperature design, were brought up. To evaluate whether the design fatigue curves of Gr. 91 needed adjustment to account for mean stress, critical tests were designed and performed at 371 °C (700 °F) and 540 °C (1000 °F). This study is similar to the work performed on Alloy 617 when its fatigue design curves were established for temperature range of 538–704°C (1000–1300°F) as part of the Code Case package for Alloy 617 to be used as Class A construction material in Division 5. The effects of mean stress on Alloy 617 were evaluated at 550°C (1022°F). The results showed that the mean stresses introduced by the non-zero mean strain could not be maintained under strain-controlled fatigue and resulted in negligible effect on the fatigue life. Mean stress correction was not recommended for Alloy 617 fatigue design curves in Division 5. This study shows the same conclusion for Gr. 91.
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Pokhmurska, H., B. Wielage, T. Grund, M. Student, and Y. Sirak. "Arc Sprayed Coatings Obtained from Iron Based Cored Wires Under High Temperature Abrasive Wear Conditions." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0326.

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Abstract Development of new arc sprayed iron based coatings for protection against gas abrasive wear at room and elevated temperatures are of the great interest because of permanently increasing pressure to reduce production and repair costs of power production facilities. Two cored wires in steel cover with Fe-Cr-B-Al and Fe-Cr-N-Al filling are proposed as an alternative choice for self fluxing and cermet coatings that are considered nowadays for protection of screen tubes of boilers of power stations that are operated under the temperatures 500-600 °C. Oxidation behaviour of arc sprayed coatings is estimated by gravimetric measurements. Abrasive wear resistance at elevated temperatures after 1 hour is investigated by means of laboratory unit that alloys a rotation of coated specimens in heated quartz sand. It is shown that abrasion wear lost of carbon steel increases 1.5 times when test temperature increases from 20 °C to 550 °C. For all investigated coatings the 20-25% decrease of wear lost is observed at higher temperature. Arc sprayed coatings of both investigated systems improve significally the abrasive wear resistance of carbon steel. At room temperature the improvement by factor 1.3-2.2 times and at the temperature 550 °C by factor 2.7-4.6 is observed depending on chemical composition of coatings.
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Sikka, Vinod K., Ronald L. Klueh, Philip J. Maziasz, Suresh Babu, Michael L. Santella, Maan H. Jawad, John R. Paules, and Kenneth E. Orie. "Mechanical Properties of New Grades of FE-3Cr-W Alloys." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2576.

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This paper describes the development of two new grades of Fe-3Cr-3W(Mo) alloys at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The two grades are designated as A and B. The higher strength Grade B differs from Grade A in that it contains 0.10 wt % Ta. Both grades, when tested in normalized and tempered conditions, show a good combination of tensile strength and Charpy impact properties. Tensile properties of both A and B are over 150 MPa (20 ksi) higher than the highest strength commercial alloy T23. Grade B has higher creep-rupture strength than the T23 steel for the entire temperature range from 540 to 650°C. Grade B also exceeds creep-rupture strength of modified 9Cr-1Mo alloy (Grade 91) up to 615°C. Grade A exceeds the creep-rupture strength of T23 steel up to 600°C and match its values at the higher temperatures. Both grades have been scaled up to 50-ton-size commercial heats and processed into forgings and hot-rolled plates and bars.
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5

Park, Gary. "Advances in Risk-Informed Application Within ASME Section XI." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1801.

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The ASME Section XI Committees have published three Code Cases that support an alternative in using Risk-Informed application in the selection of piping welds (Category B-F, B-J, C-F-1 and C-F-2). The Code Cases (N-560, N-577, and N-578) have been revised based on industry feedback to keep them up-to-date. These Code Cases have been widely used and the Westinghouse and EPRI Topical Reports have received the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval. However, the Code Cases themselves still need to be submitted to the NRC on a case-by-case evaluation.
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Matsui, Yuichi, Masahiko Hiratani, and Isamu Asano. "A 500ｰC fabrication process for MIM capacitors-based on a Ta2O5/Nb2O5 bilayer with high permittivity-for DRAM and SoC applications." In 2004 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2004.b-9-3.

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7

А А, Завойкин А. А., and В. Д. Кузнецов. "THE CHRONOLOGY OF AN ARCHAIC DWELLING IN PHANAGORIA." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-324-4.129-140.

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Раскопки на «Верхнем городе» Фанагории в последние полтора десятилетия открыли на площади более 3 тыс. м 2 остатки городской застройки позднеархаического – раннеклассического времени. На протяжении примерно столетия этот район, обжитой с момента основания апойкии (ок. 540 гг. до н. э.), пережил по крайней мере дважды события катастрофического характера: в 480 г. и в середине 5 в. до н. э. его постройки были полностью разрушены, по всей видимости, в результате военных действий. В то же время, в истории некоторых зданий (как общественных, так и частных) выделяется три периода. Первый из них завершился пожаром на рубеже первой и второй четверти 5 в. до н. э., а последний – пожаром середины того же столетия. В разработке вопросов хронологии событий важную роль здесь играет анализ наиболее массового датирующего материала – тарных амфор. И особое значение имеет тщательное изучение состава комплексов находок этой категории, стратиграфически связанных с моментами строительства зданий или их разрушения. В настоящей заметке рассматривается один из таких комплексов, происходящий из здания (839), построенного еще в 6 в. до н. э. и разрушенного в 480 г. до н. э., над остатками которого в дальнейшем были последовательно возведены два более поздних дома, последний из которых не пережил события середины 5 в. до н. э. In the last fifteen years, excavations at the Upper City of Phanagoria on the area of over three thousand square meters brought to light plenty of remains of late archaic and early classical city structures. In the course of about a hundred years this area, which had been settled starting from the very foundation of the apoikia (ca. 540 B. C.), went through at least two catastrophic events. In 480 B. C. and in the middle of the 5th century B. C. its structures were totally demolished, most probably – by some military activities. At the same time, in the history of certain buildings (both public and private) three periods can be distinguished. The first one was terminated by a fire that hit the city between the first and the second quarters of the 5th century B. C.; the last one – by a similar fire of the middle of the same century. The analysis of the most numerous dating material – transport amphorae – is crucial for the development of the chronology of these events. Special attention here should be given to the groups of these objects associated with the times when the buildings were constructed or destroyed. The present article considers one such group originating from building No. 839, constructed in the 6th century B. C. and demolished in 480 B. C. Two later buildings were subsequently erected above its ruins, the last one perished in the middle of the 5th century B. C.
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Xu-Monette, Zijun Y., and Ken H. Young. "Abstract 5308: Distinct expression, activity, regulation and gene expression signature of NF-κB subunit c-Rel and the prognostic impact of crosstalk between p53, p63 and c-Rel in different subsets of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5308.

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9

Kagita, Gurumurthy, Balaji Srinivasan, Ramu Banothu, Gudimella G. S. Achary, and Subramanyam V. R. Sripada. "External Pressure Charts for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels in the Creep Range." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45023.

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External pressure charts of ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code do not account for reduction of buckling strength due to creep under long-term loads at elevated temperatures. This restricts the design of ASME boiler and pressure vessel components in the creep range. Although the design factors and equations for creep buckling are available in various other literatures, the external pressure charts in the creep range are not available at present time. External pressure charts are developed for most commonly used elevated temperature materials (Carbon & 1.25Cr-0.5Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo low alloy steels) in the refinery and petrochemical industry up to a temperature of 550 °C. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 isochronous stress-strain curves from Omega model, which does not include the effects of plasticity and primary creep, are used. Thus adjustment factors are proposed based on available isochronous stress-strain curves which considers the plasticity and primary creep effects. The developed external pressure chart for 2.25Cr-1Mo steel at 538 °C is validated with ASME B&PV Code Case 2676. The loads and load combinations to be considered in the design and examples illustrating the application of the developed external pressure charts in the creep range are presented.
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Manca, Oronzio, Biagio Morrone, and Sergio Nardini. "Effect of Transversal Aspect Ratio on Natural Convection Inside Open-Ended Cavities With Uniformly Heated Horizontal Walls." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0984.

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Abstract An experimental analysis of effects of transversal aspect ratio on air natural convection between horizontal parallel plates, with the lower plate heated, was carried out by means of visualization of flow and air temperature measurement. The distance between the plates, b, in the experiments was 40.0 mm and the width of the plates, W, was 100, 200 and 460 mm. The corresponding transversal aspect ratios, W/b, were 2.5, 5.0 and 11.5. The main flow pattern resembles a C shape (C-loop) in the longitudinal section. In fact, the flow penetrates inside the cavity close to the leading edge of the lower plate and exits from the upper part, by reversing its motion between the plates. The flow visualization and the temperature time records indicate that the lateral walls have significant impact on the secondary flows. As a matter of fact, when the transversal aspect ratio decreases the temperature fluctuations at any location became more regular. The average temperature values, instead do not present marked dependence on W/b.
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Reports on the topic "-530 b.c"

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Montes Prado, Millerlandy, Arturo Carabali Muñoz, and Rosa Helen Mira Herrera. Evaluación de métodos de monitoreo de Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) perforador del fruto de Cacao Theobroma cacao. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2017.2.

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Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), perforador del fruto del cacao ( g. 1d), ocasiona pérdidas de hasta el 50 % de la producción, el daño es ocasionado por estados inmaduros del insecto que barrenan la cascara y las semillas del fruto ( g. 1a, b, y c). Gracias a la interacción inter o intraespecífica de los artrópodos con sus hospederos, el empleo de trampas con atrayentes, como feromonas de atracción o de agregación, colores, pegantes, sonidos, aromas, luz entre otros, han resultado eficientes para el monitoreo y la detección de insectos plaga en cultivos comerciales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue probar la eficacia de dos tipos de trampas y tres atrayentes para el monitoreo de adultos de C. foraseminis en un cultivo de cacao.
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Lopez Aldama, Daniel, and Roberto Capote Noy. Processing La-139 in the Unresolved Resonance Region for the FENDL Library. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.mrpt-xx9q.

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The analysis of a numerical benchmark for a pure 1-meter sphere of La-139 proposed by C. Konno using ACE- and MATXS-formatted cross section files from the FENDL-3.1c library showed problems in the unresolved resonance region (URR). The total neutron flux computed using MCNP/ACE differed up to 50% from the one calculated applying ANISN/MATXS. The problem arose when too small total cross section values were sampled by the PURR module of NJOY2016 mainly due to the limitations of the processing method. NJOY2016 (PURR) patch to correct this issue was proposed and applied. The patch increases the neutron flux in the URR for Monte Carlo calculations (4% increase for the ENDF/B-VIII.0 evaluation vs 30% for the FENDL-3.1c evaluation). The corresponding increase of the calculated neutron flux for deterministic codes goes from 15% for the ENDF/B-VIII.0 data up to 50% for the FENDL-3.1c. The agreement between deterministic and Monte Carlo benchmark results was significantly improved. This report documents the NJOY2016 patch and summarizes the main results.
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Kuster, K., C. M. Lesher, and M. G. Houlé. Geology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area, Wawa-Abitibi terrane: implications for Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization, Ontario and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329394.

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The Shebandowan Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit occurs in the Shebandowan greenstone belt in the Wawa-Abitibi terrane. This deposit is one of a few economic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in the Superior Province and one of a very few deposits worldwide that contains both Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization. The mafic-ultramafic successions in the area comprise abundant flows and sills of tholeiitic basalt and lesser Al-undepleted komatiite (MgO >18 wt%, Al2O3/TiO2 = 15-25), the latter indicating separation from mantle sources at shallow levels. Siliceous high-Mg basalts (MgO 8-12 wt%, SiO2 > 53 wt%, TiO2 < 1.2 wt%, La/Sm[MN] < 1-2) are relatively abundant in the area and likely represent crustally contaminated komatiites. Ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area comprise at least three or four komatiitic sills (A-B, C, D) and at least two komatiitic flows (E, F), all of which are altered to serpentinites or talc-carbonate schists with relict igneous chromite and rare relict igneous orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene. Unit A-B contains pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-magnetite mineralization, occurring as massive sulfides, sulfide breccias, or stringers, and subeconomic chromite mineralization in contorted massive bands varying from a few millimetres up to 10 metres thick. The localization of massive and semi-massive Ni-Cu-(PGE) ores along the margins of Unit A and the paucity of disseminated and net-textured ores suggest tectonic mobilization. Chromite is typically zoned with Cr-Mg-Al-rich (chromite) cores and Fe-rich (ferrichromite/magnetite) rims due to alteration and/or metamorphism, but rarely contains amoeboid magnetite cores. The thickness of chromite in Unit B is too great to have crystallized in cotectic proportion from the komatiitic magma and a model involving dynamic upgrading of magnetite xenoliths derived from interflow oxide facies iron formations is being tested.
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Firon, Nurit, Prem Chourey, Etan Pressman, Allen Hartwell, and Kenneth J. Boote. Molecular Identification and Characterization of Heat-Stress-Responsive Microgametogenesis Genes in Tomato and Sorghum - A Feasibility Study. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7591741.bard.

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Exposure to higher than optimal temperatures - heat-stress (HS) - is becoming increasingly common to all crop plants worldwide. Heat stress coinciding with microgametogenesis, especially during the post-meiotic phase that is marked by starch biosynthesis, is often associated with starch-deficient pollen and male sterility and ultimately, greatly reduced crop yields. The molecular basis for the high sensitivity of developing pollen grains, on one hand, and factors involved in pollen heat-tolerance, on the other, is poorly understood. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes that control pollen quality under heat-stress conditions. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) Determination of the threshold heat stress temperature(s) that affects tomato and sorghum pollen quality whether: a) Chronic mild heat stress conditions (CMHS), or b) Acute heat stress (AHS). (2) Isolation of heat-responsive, microgametogenesis-specific sequences. During our one-year feasibility project, we have accomplished the proposed objectives as follows: Objectrive 1: We have determined the threshold HS conditions in tomato and sorghum. This was essential for achieving the 2nd objective, since our accumulated experience (both Israeli and US labs) indicate that when temperature is raised too high above "threshold HS levels" it may cause massive death of the developing pollen grains. Above-threshold conditions have additional major disadvantages including the "noise" caused by induced expression of genes involved in cell death and masking of the differences between heatsensitive and heat-tolerant pollen grains. Two different types of HS conditions were determined: a) Season-long CMHS conditions: 32/26°C day/night temperatures confirmed in tomato and 36/26°C day maximum/night minimum temperatures in sorghum. b) Short-term AHS: In tomato, 2 hour exposure to 42-45°C (at 7 to 3 days before anthesis) followed by transfer to 28/22±2oC day/night temperatures until flower opening and pollen maturation, caused 50% reduced germinating pollen in the heat-sensitive 3017 cv.. In sorghum, 36/26°C day/night temperatures 10 to 5 days prior to panicle emergence, occurring at 35 days after sowing (DAS) in cv. DeKalb28E, produced starch-deficient and sterile pollen. Objective 2: We have established protocols for the high throughput transcriptomic approach, cDNA-AFLP, for identifying and isolating genes exhibiting differential expression in developing microspores exposed to either ambient or HS conditions and created a databank of HS-responsivemicrogametogenesis-expressed genes. A subset of differentially displayed Transcript-Derived Fragments (TDFs) that were cloned and sequenced (35 & 23 TDFs in tomato and sorghum, respectively) show close sequence similarities with metabolic genes, genes involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, genes implicated in thermotolerance (heat shock proteins), genes involved in long chain fatty acids elongation, genes involved in proteolysis, in oxidation-reduction, vesicle-mediated transport, cell division and transcription factors. T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutants for part of these genes were obtained to be used for their functional analysis. These studies are planned for a continuation project. Following functional analyses of these genes under HS – a valuable resource of genes, engaged in the HS-response of developing pollen grains, that could be modulated for the improvement of pollen quality under HS in both dicots and monocots and/or used to look for natural variability of such genes for selecting heat-tolerant germplasm - is expected.
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Palhares Neto, Luiz, Leilane Gomes, José Marangon, Genilton Santos, and Cecílio Caldeira Júnior. Protocolo de micropropagação de Cattleya milleri, espécie endêmica do quadrilátero ferrífero criticamente ameaçada de extinção. ITV, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29223/prod.tec.itv.ds.2022.12.palharesneto.

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A espécie Cattleya milleri é uma orquídea endêmica dos Campos Rupestres Ferruginosos do Quadrilátero Ferrífero em Minas Gerais. Esta espécie é atualmente classificada como criticamente ameaçada de extinção sobretudo devido a restrição geográfica de sua ocorrência, degradação de seu habitat natural e reduzidas populações naturais. O estabelecimento de métodos de propagação e cultivo que possibilitem a rápida multiplicação desta espécie é etapa crucial para a conservação ex situ e também para o enriquecimento em áreas naturais e a manutenção da espécie em seu habitat. A micropropagação ou a propagação in vitro consiste na multiplicação em larga escala de plantas através do cultivo de células, tecidos, órgãos ou a planta inteira em meio nutritivo sob condições controladas de temperatura e luminosidade. As etapas da micropropagação são constantemente ajustadas de acordo com as necessidades das diferentes espécies. Diante disso, o objetivo do relatório foi descrever as etapas desenvolvidas para estabelecer o protocolo de micropropagação de C. milleri. O protocolo estabelecido foi dividido em quatro etapas: (1) coleta e assepsia do material vegetal, (2) estabelecimento e desenvolvimento in vitro, (3) aclimatização e rustificação e (4) reintrodução e monitoramento das mudas. Sementes de C. milleri foram retiradas de cápsulas maduras e transferidas para seringas. As seringas contendo as sementes foram preenchidas totalmente com a solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) a 0,3%. Após 12 minutos, em câmara de fluxo laminar, aproximadamente 1 mL da solução contendo as sementes foi adicionada em potes contendo 22 mL do meio de cultivo previamente esterilizado. O meio utilizado foi composto de sacarose (15g/L), fertilizante B&G® (3mL/L), carvão ativado (1,5g/L) e ágar nutriente (5g/L). A germinação foi observada em quase todas as sementes inoculadas, tendo início aos 25 dias. O processo de propagação in vitro de C. milleri teve duração de 18 meses, com dois episódios de repicagem durante esse período. As plantas responderam positivamente as condições in vitro, apresentando crescimento satisfatório da parte aérea e de raízes. Na etapa de aclimatização, as plantas enraizadas tiveram suas raízes lavadas e foram transplantadas para embalagens plásticas contendo musgo chileno e fragmentos de isopor. Após 450 dias de cultivo em estufa coberta com sombrite 80 (80% de interceptação) foi observada uma reduzida mortalidade de mudas. Posteriormente, plantas aclimatadas foram transplantadas para recipientes contendo substrato natural (contendo canga granular) e cultivadas em estufa com sombrite 80 e posteriormente em sombrite 50, onde permaneceram por 1.095 dias. Ao final da etapa de rustificação foram obtidas aproximadamente 3.000 mudas de C. milleri aptas para o plantio em ambiente natural. A reintrodução destas mudas ocorreu através do plantio das mudas na Serra da Calçada (MG). O monitoramento das plantas ocorre mensalmente com a quantificação das mudas sobreviventes. Após 2 anos de acompanhamento observou-se baixa taxa de mortalidade (-30%) e crescimento satisfatório das plantas. O processo de monitoramento continuará sendo realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os processos de floração e frutificação e recrutamento de novas plantas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a técnica de propagação in vitro é uma alternativa viável para a produção em larga escala de mudas de qualidade da espécie C. milleri. Uma vez que esta é uma espécie criticamente ameaçada de extinção, a reintrodução de plantas em ambiente natural contribui para o enriquecimento das populações existentes e, consequentemente, a conservação da espécie em seu ambiente natural. Uma próxima etapa importante será avaliar a diversidade genética da espécie para determinação das matrizes prioritárias para propagação
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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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7

Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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8

Nadeau, Elisabet, Andrea von Essen, and Anne Kjersti Bakken. Effekt av kvävegödslingsstrategi på gräsvallens avkastning och foderkvalitet vid olika utvecklingsstadier i första skörd. Department of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.38e4a3v12l.

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Syftet med projektet var att studera effekt av delad kväve(N)-giva och tidpunkt för den sena N-givan innan första skörd på avkastning, kvävebalans och fodervärde med speciellt fokus på råproteinhalt och råproteinets kvalitet i en timotej/ängssvingel vall. En vallfröblandning med 80 % timotej och 20 % ängssvingel såddes 2017 på NIBIO Kvithamar, Trondheim och 2018 på NIBIO Særheim, Stavanger, Norge och på Rådde gård, Länghem, Sverige (Hushållningssällskapet Sjuhärad). En yta av den sådda arealen skördades som förstaårsvall 2018 på NIBIO Kvithamar och som förstaårsvall 2019 på NIBIO Særheim och Rådde gård. En annan yta av den sådda arealen skördades som andraårsvall 2019 på NIBIO Kvithamar och som andraårsvall 2020 på NIBIO Særheim och Rådde. Försöksdesignen var randomiserat blockförsök med 3 fältblock, 4 gödslingsbehandlingar och 3 skördetidpunkter i första skörd. Gödslingsbehandlingarna var A) ingen N-gödsling, B) 110 kg N/ha på våren när grästillväxten började, C) 60 kg N/ha på våren när grästillväxten började och 50 kg N/ha när första noden känns på första timotejplantan, D) 60 kg N/ha på våren när grästillväxten började och 50 kg N/ha när två noder känns på största delen av timotejskotten. Samtliga försöksrutor gödslades med P och K på våren när grästillväxten började och mineralgödsel användes i samtliga led. Skördetidpunkterna var 1) vid början av stjälksträckning hos timotej då första noden var kännbar på första skotten, 2) när två noder var kännbara på största delen av timotejskotten och 3) vid begynnande axgång hos timotej när axet syntes på 10 % av skotten. Dessutom togs en skörd fyra veckor efter första skörd på de rutor som skördades vid skördetidpunkt 3, för att undersöka hur mycket kväve som var tillgänglig och kunde mobiliseras till återväxten. N-gödsling ökade råproteinhalten och den skördade avkastningen av torrsubstans (ts) och råprotein. Delad N-giva gav lika råproteinhalt som vid full giva på våren, men då andra givan gavs sent (ca 2 veckor innan skörd) var ofta ts-avkastningen oförändrad eller till och med lägre, vilket var fallet på Rådde och Kvithamar år 2. Tiden för den sena N-givan hade mindre betydelse for Særheim och Kvithamar i Norge, vilket kan bero på att gräsen tog upp mer N från jorden. Den sena N-givan som gavs ca 2 veckor innan skörd vid timotejens begynnande axgång visade sig ge effekt på ts-avkastningen i återväxten. Med tanke på att både väder och jordens N-innehåll kan påverka hur fort grödan tar upp N för att lagra in till sin tillväxt bör den andra givan ges 3-4 veckor innan skörd. Delad N-giva förbättrade inte proteinkvaliteten i form av större andel sant protein jämfört med full giva på våren, vilket kan bero på att en N-giva på 110 kg N/ha är en måttlig giva som gräsvallen hinner ta upp och lagra in som sant protein. Det var inga skillnader i nitrathalt mellan N-gödslingsstrategierna och nitrathalterna var låga, vilket visar på att växterna har omvandlat N från gödsel och jord till sant protein. Vi hittade få och små indikationer på att delad giva gav lägre N-förluster än en hel giva på våren. Med stigande gödselpriser och större svängningar i vädret kan det vara en fördel med delad giva, men det ger också en körning till i vallen.
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9

Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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10

Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
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