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1
Li, Xi Feng, Kai Feng Zhang, Wen Bo Han, and Guo Feng Wang. "Gas Pressure Forming of Amorphous Fe78Si9B13 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 551-552 (July 2007): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.551-552.575.
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The deformation behavior of gas pressure forming of amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was investigated under equibiaxial tension. The gas pressure forming was carried out in the temperature range of 430°C~530°C below the crystallization temperature Tx and die apertures of 5mm~10mm. The dome height and amorphous ribbon thickness of deformed specimens at the pole was measured. It was found that amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy had exhibited good plasticity in the experimental temperature range. The near-semisphere specimens of the radius 5mm and the height 4.5mm were obtained from the gas-pressure forming at 450°C and 530°C for 30min, which is similar to the superplastic forming.
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Cheng, Fang Jie, Jun Feng Yao, Ying Wang, Jun Xiang Yang, Guan Xing Zhang, and Wei Min Long. "Effects of the Chemical Compositions of KF-CsF-AlF3 Middle Temperature Aluminum Flux on Melting Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.191.
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According to the KF-CsF-AlF3 ternary phase diagram, 25 samples (named group A) near the region around the E4 and E5 (ternary eutectics points), and 22 samples (named group B) near another region around the e5 (binary eutectic point) and m2 (ternary eutectics point) were prepared by the wet synthesis method. The melting curves of these samples were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the DSC data, the effects of the fluxs compositions on the melting characteristics were analyzed and summarized. The results indicated that the lowest solidus of group A samples was about 480°C, meanwhile, their liquidus was about 520~530°C, and the melting range was approximately 40°C. Furthermore, when the content of CsF was lower than 18mol%, the solidus of group A samples apparently rose to about 510°C, but the liquidus did not change greatly. The lowest solidus of group B samples was about 420°C, meanwhile, their liquidus was below 450°C, and the melting range was approximately 20~30°C. So, with this profile of melting characteristics, some of the samples of group B flux would be good substrates for aluminum alloy middle temperature brazing, with good prospects for application.
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Krishna, Marothu Vamsi, and Dannana Gowri Sankar. "Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations." E-Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/628987.
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Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.
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Abenojar, J., P. Díaz, M. A. Martinez, and Francisco Velasco. "Influence of Forming on the Mechanical Properties of the Al + 50 % B4C System." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.304.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Degradation of Brilliant Green by Using a bentonite Clay- Based Fe Nano Composite Film as a Heterogeneous Photo- Fenton Catalyst." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2016): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.3.524-530.
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This paper aims to study the chemical degradation of Brilliant Green in water via photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) and Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) reaction. Fe- B nano particles are applied as incrustation in the inner wall surface of reactor. The data form X- Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis that Fe- B nanocomposite catalyst consist mainly of SiO2 (quartz) and Fe2O3 (hematite) crystallites. B.G dye degradation is estimated to discover the catalytic action of Fe- B synthesized surface in the presence of UVC light and hydrogen peroxide. B.G dye solution with 10 ppm primary concentration is reduced by 99.9% under the later parameter 2ml H2O2, pH= 7, temperature =25°C within 10 min. It is clear that pH of the solution affects the photo- catalytic degradation of B.G dye. All the conditions above have been studied to reach the optimum operation condition for the two processes Fenton and photo- Fenton. The B.G degradation process follows first- order reaction rules. Photo- Fenton process causes a more efficient oxidation rate than the Fenton process. So, the photo- Fenton degradation is an effective and economic process by producing higher percentage of degradation and mineralization in short radiation time.
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Correia, Sivaldo Leite, Elayne Grun, Christian D. Denardi, Dachamir Hotza, and Marilena Valadares Folgueras. "Effects of Raw Materials on the Technological Properties of Brick Compositions Using a Statistical Design Approach." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.486.
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The simultaneous effect of raw materials (A, B and C) on physical and technological properties of brick compositions was studied. This investigation was carried out using the statistical design of mixture experiments. Ten mixtures of three raw materials were selected and used in the experiments design. Those mixtures were processed under conditions similar to those found in the ceramics industry. Fired body characterisation results were then used to iteratively calculate statistically significant and valid regression equations (trace plots), relating linear firing shrinkage, open porosity, fired bending strength and water absorption with the proportions of raw materials. The microstructures of some selected samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Mixtures with high clay B contents were most adequate to produce, under constant processing conditions, a brick with specified properties. The microstructures are characterized by a low closed porosity and absence of vitreous phase.
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Huo, Xiang Dong, Zhang Guo Lin, Yu Tao Zhao, and Yu Qian Li. "Development of Low Carbon Bainitic Cr-B Steel with High Strength and Good Toughness." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.937.
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In order to develop low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel, experimental procedures including melting, thermal simulation study and laboratory hot rolling were adopted. The dynamic CCT diagram was established, microstructure and properties of experimental steel were also analyzed. The transformation temperature of experimental steel lies between 650～400°C and final microstructure changes fromquasi-polygonal ferrite, granular bainite to lath bainite as cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50°C.s-1. The microstructure of steel plates, air cooled or water cooled to 530°C then air cooled, is mainly composed of granular bainite and quasi-polygonal ferrite, and the large size islands in granular bainite are responsible for the low strength and poor toughness. However, steel plate with lath bainite, water cooled to roomtemperature, boasts high yield strength (672MPa) and superior impact toughness (127J at -20°C). Therefore, it is feasible to produce low carbon bainitic Cr-B steel with high strength and good toughness through controlling cooling parameters.
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Ghosh, Siddhartha S., Yang Lu, Sung W. Lee, Xia Wang, Chandan Guha, Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury, and Namita Roy-Chowdhury. "Role of cysteine residues in the function of human UDP glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 (UGT1A1)." Biochemical Journal 392, no. 3 (December 6, 2005): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050381.
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Bilirubin glucuronidation, catalysed by UGT1A1 [UGT (UDP glucuronosyltransferase) isoform 1A1, EC 2.4.1.17], is critical for biliary elimination of bilirubin. UGT1A1 deficiency causes CN-1 (Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1), which is characterized by potentially lethal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis of UGT1A1 in two CN-1 patients revealed that patient A was homozygous for a nt 530 G→A (where nt 530 G→A means guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 530) mutation, predicting a C177Y substitution, and patient B had a nt 466 T→C mutation on one allele and a nt 1070 A→G mutation on the other, predicting a C156R and a Q357R substitution respectively. All 11 cysteine residues of mature human UGT1A1 are highly conserved in other human UGT isoforms and in rat, mouse and Rhesus monkey UGT1A1, suggesting their functional importance. Expression of mutagenized UGT1A1 plasmids showed that substitution of any of the seven cysteine residues located within the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (including those mutated in patients A and B) abolished UGT1A1 activity or markedly increased its apparent Km for bilirubin. Substitution of the three cysteine residues within the C-terminal cytosolic tail had minimal effect on basal UGT1A1 activity, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc. N-Ethylmaleimide did not inhibit UGT1A1 activity in native microsomes, but prevented UGT1A1 activation by UDP-GlcNAc and inhibited the activity in digitonin-permeabilized microsomes. Dithiothreitol did not affect UGT1A1 activity in human liver microsomes. Together, the results suggested that free thiol groups, but not disulphide bonding, of seven cysteine residues within the intracisternal region of human UGT1A1 are important for its catalytic activity, while cysteine residues in the cytosolic domain may be involved in its physiological activation by UDP-GlcNAc.
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Hu, Jie, Jian Zhou, Haoran Tang, Cancan Jia, Feng Xie, Yue Zhang, and Shidong Jia. "Prognostic value of minimal residual disease profiling in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2024): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.530.
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530 Background: Detecting post-surgical residual disease is a critical clinical requirement in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies focused on specific genomic regions have indicated that ctDNA holds promise as a tool for prognostic assessment. Nevertheless, these methods exhibited limited sensitivity and failed to meet the minimal residual disease (MRD) threshold. Here we report the prognostic value of MRD profiling in HCC patients who have undergone hepatectomy. Methods: This retrospective study involved 88 HCC patients who underwent surgical resections in China, from January to May in 2016. During surgery, tumor and normal tissue specimens were collected. Plasma samples were obtained 7 days post-surgery. PredicineBEACON, a baseline tissue- or blood-informed MRD assay, was used for MRD profiling. This entailed identifying tumor-specific mutations through whole exon sequencing of tissue samples. Subsequently, a personalized MRD panel, selecting up to 50 mutations via bioinformatics pipelines merged with a fixed panel featuring 500 tumor actionable hotspots, was created for each patient. To detect MRD in post-surgery plasma samples, we employed ultra-deep sequencing at a coverage of 100,000X, utilizing the designed panel. Results: In the cohort of 88 patients, the distribution based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging was as follows: 79.5% stage A (N=70), 12.5% stage B (N=11), and 8.0% stage C (N=7,). The MRD assay identified 36 patients as MRD+ and 52 patients as MRD-. We observed significant correlations between MRD status and both relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). For MRD+ patients, the median RFS was 17.1 months, while it was not reached for MRD- patients (p=0.0013). Likewise, the median OS for MRD+ patients was 40.1 months, in contrast to it not being reached for MRD- patients (p=0.0012). The MRD positivity rate stood at 100% in stage C patients, a significantly higher percentage compared to the rates observed in stage B (36.4%, p=0.0256) and stage A (36.2%, p=0.0042). Significantly, MRD status emerged as a pivotal prognostic differentiator among clinically low-risk patients in stage A: among MRD+ patients, the median RFS was 23.3 months, whereas it was not reached for MRD- patients (p=0.05). Additionally, the median OS of both MRD+ and MRD- was not reached but their survival curves showed significant differences (p=0.038). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical utility of ctDNA MRD assay in patients with resectable HCC, as notably evident in the robust detection of MRD using plasma samples collected 7 days after surgery. Furthermore, the assessment of post-surgical MRD status provided valuable prognostic insights into both patient survival and the risk of disease relapse. ctDNA MRD status played a pivotal role as a prognostic differentiator, particularly among clinically low-risk patients.
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Boeck, Lucas, Joan B. Soriano, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Francesco Blasi, Konstantinos Kostikas, Wim Boersma, Branislava Milenkovic, et al. "Prognostic assessment in COPD without lung function: the B-AE-D indices." European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 6 (April 21, 2016): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01485-2015.
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Several composite markers have been proposed for risk assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, choice of parameters and score complexity restrict clinical applicability. Our aim was to provide and validate a simplified COPD risk index independent of lung function.The PROMISE study (n=530) was used to develop a novel prognostic index. Index performance was assessed regarding 2-year COPD-related mortality and all-cause mortality. External validity was tested in stable and exacerbated COPD patients in the ProCOLD, COCOMICS and COMIC cohorts (total n=2988).Using a mixed clinical and statistical approach, body mass index (B), severe acute exacerbations of COPD frequency (AE), modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea severity (D) and copeptin (C) were identified as the most suitable simplified marker combination. 0, 1 or 2 points were assigned to each parameter and totalled to B-AE-D or B-AE-D-C. It was observed that B-AE-D and B-AE-D-C were at least as good as BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity), ADO (age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction) and DOSE (dyspnoea, obstruction, smoking, exacerbation) indices for predicting 2-year all-cause mortality (c-statistic: 0.74, 0.77, 0.69, 0.72 and 0.63, respectively; Hosmer–Lemeshow test all p>0.05). Both indices were COPD specific (c-statistic for predicting COPD-related 2-year mortality: 0.87 and 0.89, respectively). External validation of B-AE-D was performed in COCOMICS and COMIC (c-statistic for 1-year all-cause mortality: 0.68 and 0.74; c-statistic for 2-year all-cause mortality: 0.65 and 0.67; Hosmer–Lemeshow test all p>0.05).The B-AE-D index, plus copeptin if available, allows a simple and accurate assessment of COPD-related risk.
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Rasiukevičiūtė, Neringa, Aušra Brazaitytė, Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, and Alma Valiuškaitė. "Different LED Light Wavelengths and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Effect on Colletotrichum acutatum Growth." Plants 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010143.
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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different photon flux density (PFD) and light-emitting diodes (LED) wavelengths on strawberry Colletotrichum acutatum growth characteristics. The C. acutatum growth characteristics under the blue 450 nm (B), green 530 nm (G), red 660 nm (R), far-red 735 nm (FR), and white 5700 K (W) LEDs at PFD 50, 100 and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 were evaluated. The effect on C. acutatum mycelial growth evaluated by daily measuring until five days after inoculation (DAI). The presence of conidia and size (width and length) evaluated after 5 DAI. The results showed that the highest inhibition of fungus growth was achieved after 1 DAI under B and G at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Additionally, after 1–4 DAI under B at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. The lowest conidia width was under FR at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD and length under FR at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Various LED light wavelengths influenced differences in C. acutatum colonies color. In conclusion, different photosynthetic photon flux densities and wavelengths influence C. acutatum growth characteristics. The changes in C. acutatum morphological and phenotypical characteristics could be related to its ability to spread and infect plant tissues. This study’s findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum by LEDs in controlled environment conditions.
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Devi, Zenita, K. Basavaiah, and K. B. Vinay. "Of bromination reaction for the spectrophotometric assay of domperidone in pharmaceuticals." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 1 (2011): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq100616057d.
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Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of domperidone (DOM) in bulk drug and in dosage forms using bromate-bromide mixture as brominating agent in acid medium and three dyes, meta-cresol purple (MCP), amaranth (AMR) and erioglaucine (EGC). The methods involve the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to an acidified solution of DOM followed by the determination of the residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either MCP dye and measuring the absorbance at 530 nm (method A) or AMR dye and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method B) or EGC dye and measuring the absorbance at 630 nm (method C). Beer?s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges, 0.63 - 10.0, 0.25-4.0 and 0.13-2.0 ?g mL-1 for method A, method B and method C, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivities are calculated to be 3.751 ? 104, 6.604 ? 104 and 1.987 ? 105 L mol-1cm-1 for method A, method B and method C, respectively and the corresponding sandell sensitivity values are 0.011, 0.006 and 0.002 ?g cm-2. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification are also reported for all the three methods. No interference was observed from common additives found in pharmaceutical preparations. Statistical comparisons of the results with those of the reference method showed an excellent agreement, and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery tests via standard-addition technique.
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Gazula, Aparna, Matthew D. Kleinhenz, John G. Streeter, and A. Raymond Miller. "Temperature and Cultivar Effects on Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll b Concentrations in Three Related Lollo Rosso Lettuce Cultivars." HortScience 40, no. 6 (October 2005): 1731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1731.
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Pigment concentrations in leaf tissue affect the visual and nutritional value-based indices of lettuce crop quality. To better discern the independent and interactive effects of temperature and cultivar on anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations, three closely related Lolla Rosso lettuce cultivars (`Lotto', `Valeria', and `Impuls'), varying primarily in the number of genes controlling anthocyanin concentrations, were subjected to different air temperatures in controlled environments. Fifteen-day-old seedlings previously grown at 20 °C day/night (D/N) were transplanted into growth chambers maintained at 20 °C (D/N), 30/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N air temperatures. Twenty days later, leaf tissue was sampled for measures of pigment concentrations, calculated based on spectrophotometric absorbance readings taken at 530 nm (anthocyanin) and 660 nm (chlorophyll b) respectively. Although significant, the temperature × cultivar interaction resulted from differences in the magnitude (not direction) of the change in pigment concentrations among cultivars with changes in temperature. Regardless of cultivar, anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations were highest, moderate and lowest after growth at 20 °C D/N, 30/20 °C D/N and 30 °C D/N respectively. Likewise, irrespective of temperature, anthocyanin and chlorophyll b concentrations followed the pattern `Impuls' (three genes) > `Valeria' (two genes) > `Lotto' (one gene). These data provide additional strong evidence that lettuce leaf pigment concentrations and growing temperatures are negatively related. The data also suggest that low temperatures during the dark phase may mitigate high temperature-driven reductions in lettuce leaf pigment levels.
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Krause, Maren, Iván Maisuls, Stefan Buss, Cristian A. Strassert, Andreas Winter, Ulrich S. Schubert, Shruthi S. Nair, Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić, and Axel Klein. "Photophysical Study on the Rigid Pt(II) Complex [Pt(naphen)(Cl)] (Hnaphen = Naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]Phenanthroline and Derivatives." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207022.
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The electrochemistry and photophysics of the Pt(II) complexes [Pt(naphen)(X)] (Hnaphen = naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]phenanthroline, X = Cl or C≡CPh) containing the rigid tridentate C^N^N-coordinating pericyclic naphen ligand was studied alongside the complexes of the tetrahydro-derivative [Pt(thnaphen)(X)] (Hthnaphen = 5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]phenanthroline) and the N^C^N-coordinated complex [Pt(bdq)(Cl)] (Hbdq = benzo[1,2-h:5,4-h’]diquinoline. The cyclic voltammetry showed reversible reductions for the C^N^N complexes, with markedly fewer negative potentials (around −1.6 V vs. ferrocene) for the complexes containing the naphen ligand compared with the thnaphen derivatives (around −1.9 V). With irreversible oxidations at around +0.3 V for all of the complexes, the naphen made a difference in the electrochemical gap of about 0.3 eV (1.9 vs. 2.2 eV) compared with thnaphen. The bdq complex was completely different, with an irreversible reduction at around −2 V caused by the N^C^N coordination pattern, which lacked a good electron acceptor such as the phenanthroline unit in the C^N^N ligand naphen. Long-wavelength UV-Vis absorption bands were found around 520 to 530 nm for the C^N^N complexes with the C≡CPh coligand and were red-shifted when compared with the Cl derivatives. The N^C^N-coordinated bdq complex was markedly blue-shifted (493 nm). The steady-state photoluminescence spectra showed poorly structured emission bands peaking at around 630 nm for the two naphen complexes and 570 nm for the thnaphen derivatives. The bdq complex showed a pronounced vibrational structure and an emission maximum at 586 nm. Assuming mixed 3LC/3MLCT excited states, the vibronic progression for the N^C^N bdq complex indicated a higher LC character than assumed for the C^N^N-coordinated naphen and thnaphen complexes. The blue-shift was a result of the different N^C^N vs. C^N^N coordination. The photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields ΦL massively increased from solutions at 298 K (0.06 to 0.24) to glassy frozen matrices at 77 K (0.80 to 0.95). The nanosecond time-resolved study on [Pt(naphen)(Cl)] showed a phosphorescence emission signal originating from the mixed 3LC/3MLCT with an emission lifetime of around 3 µs.
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ALICATA, M. L., G. AMATO, A. BONANNO, D. GIAMBALVO, and G. LETO. "In vivo digestibility and nutritive value of Atriplex halimus alone and mixed with wheat straw." Journal of Agricultural Science 139, no. 2 (September 2002): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859602002460.
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In vivo digestibility trials were carried out using six young rams fed with Atriplex halimus biomass harvested in summer (A) and in early autumn (B), and with a mixture of mid-autumn Atriplex halimus and wheat straw (5[ratio ]1 ratio on fresh matter basis) (C). Atriplex halimus had a high protein content (139·0, 135·9 and 193·4 g/kg DM in A, B and C respectively), but was rich in sodium chloride, especially in summer (145·9 g/kg DM), limiting its use as feed. The summer forage had a higher organic matter (OM) digestibility coefficient than the autumn forage (0·663 v. 0·530) but lower digestible OM intake (16·8 v. 29·4 g/day per kg BW0·75). In autumn forage, the combination with straw did not influence the digestibility of organic matter, whereas it enhanced DOM intake in comparison with the Atriplex halimus on its own (35·7 v. 29·4 g/day per kg BW0·75).
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de Freitas, Normanda Lino, Elias Fagury-Neto, Hélio Lucena Lira, Lucianna Gama, Ruth Herta Goldsmith Aliaga Kiminami, and Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa. "Combustion Synthesis of α-Al2O3 Powders." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.631.
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Among ceramic materials, the alumina has high importance because of its characteristics of resistance and refractory. The possibility to improve the final characteristics of this material, open possibilities for new applications. The aim of this work is to synthesize (α-Al2O3) alumina powders by combustion reaction and to evaluate the effect of the urea content in the final characteristics of the α-Al2O3 powders. Three compositions were studied : a) stoichiometric, b) with 10% of urea reduction and c) with 20% of urea reduction. The initial solution composition was based on the total valence of the reagents by using chemical concepts of the propellant. This powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), granulometric determination by laser diffraction, nitrogen adsorption by BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and helium picnometer. The results showed that the urea reduction change the temperature of the reaction from 525 to 463oC , the characteristics of the powders, and principally the reduction of the particles size.
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Ahmad, Aqeel, Imran Yousaf, Syed Muhammad Tahir Shah, Muhammad Rizwan Qadir, Arif Gulzar, and Abid Hussain Khan. "Seropositivity of Hepatitis B & C Virus in Surgical Patients Undergoing Elective & Emergency General Surgery." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3034–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115113034.
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Aim: To assess the seropositive cases of hepatitis B & C in surgical patients admitted for both emergency & elective surgery. Methodology: This study was conducted in the surgery department of Pak Red Crescent Teaching Hospital. The design of the study was descriptive observational. All the 1238 patients undergoing emergency and elective surgery were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling. Demographic data of all the patients were recorded. Along with routine preoperative tests, all the patients were screened for hepatitis B & C virus infection. Immunochromatography (ICT) method was adopted for both HBsAg and Anti-HCV screening. In patients with week positive results further test of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Operation theater staff and surgeon were informed about seropositive patients to take special precautionary measures during handling of the sharp objects. Biological waste of such patients is disposed of by using Biosafety protocols. Demographic data along with risk factors, HbsAg & Anti-HCV status were collected and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: A total number of 1238 patients were enrolled in our study, out of them 708 were male and 530 were female. Average age of the patients was 40.05±16 years. Out of 1238 patients, HBV was found in 14(1.13%) patients and HCV was found in 121 (9.77%) patients both hepatitis B & C was found in 3(0.24%) patients. Conclusion: Preoperatively screening of hepatitis B and C should be performed mandatory in all patients regardless of the nature of surgery. Before operating seropositive patients, surgeon and operation theater staff should be informed to take precautionary measures while handling the sharp objects. Used infected material of such patients should be disposed of by using Biosafety protocols. All the health works must be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Keywords: Hep B infection, Hep C Infection, Seropositive.
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Kamata, Yasuyuki, Akiko Fujiwara, Ken Yamazaki, Eigoro Tazawa, and Ikuo Yasumasu. "Light-induced reactivation of movement in degenerated sperm of echiuroid, oyster and sea urchin." Zygote 8, S1 (December 1999): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719940013028x.
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Previously, it has been reported that NADH cytochrome c reductase and succinate cytochrome c reductase, in which the redox reaction in cytochrome b is involved, are activated by light irradiation with peaks of photo-activation at wavelengths of 430, 530 and 570 nm corresponding to those in the absorption spectrum of reduced cytochrome b in mitochondria isolated from sperm of echiuroid, oyster and sea urchin (Tazawa et al., 1996). In sperm of these species, augmentation of respiration due to photo-activation of the cytochrome b reaction is observed only when the electron transport in this span of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is inhibited by carbon monoxide (Fujiwara et al., 1991; Yasumasu et al., 1991) or by a decrease in the amount of cytochrome b due to sperm ageing. In sperm cultured for a long time, the respiratory rate was very low and almost all sperm became immotile. In these sperm, respiration was reactivated by light irradiation at the wavelengths of 430, 530 and 570 nm (Fujiwara et al., 1999).In the present study, photo-reactivation of movement in these somewhat degenerated sperm incubated for a long time was also found to occur, with peaks at the above-mentioned wavelengths. We concluded that photo-reactivation of movement in these sperm, in which the cytochrome b reaction probably became rate-limiting in the respiration chain, is supported by reactivation of respiration by light irradiation. On the other hand, though the ATP level decreased to a rather low level at about 30 min after the initiation of incubation in sperm of all species examined, sperm swam for more than 10 h, by which time the ATP level was quite low. Light irradiation induced reactivation of movement but did not alter the rather low ATP level in these sperm. Thus the ATP level does not seem to be responsible for making sperm immotile. In sperm treated with Triton X-100, movement was induced by adding ATP and Mg2+, even when many sperm had become immotile after a long incubation. Hence, capacity for movement does not seem to be reduced by a long incubation time. The movement of sperm treated with Triton X-100 was not activated bv light irradiation.
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Przeliorz, Roman, and Jaroslaw Piątkowski. "On the Oxidation Behaviour of WE43 and MSR-B Magnesium Alloys in CO2 Atmosphere." Solid State Phenomena 191 (August 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.191.159.
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The aim of the studies was to determine the oxidation kinetics of two magnesium alloys, i.e. WE43 and MSR-B, in CO2 atmosphere with and without the addition of 2 vol.% H2O. The rate of oxidation was measured by thermogravimetry in the temperature range of 530-580°C, i.e. below and above the eutectic melting point. The melting point of the eutectic mixture was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The corrosion products were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis combined with EDS. Studies showed that on the WE43 alloy, a two-layer scale was formed, in which the outer part was composed of yttrium and magnesium oxides, while the inner part contained only yttrium oxide. The scale was found to preserve its good protective properties even above the eutectic temperature. Analysis of the results showed that on the MSR-B alloy, under a thin, uneven layer of scale, the process of internal oxidation occurred, and at a temperature of 580°C, the alloy underwent partial melting
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Hirose, Shunji, Yoko Yamaji, Kota Tsuruya, Yoshiaki Ogawa, Masashi Miyaoka, and Tatehiro Kagawa. "Rapid Regression of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma after Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus by Direct Antiviral Agents." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501546.
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A 47-year-old woman visited Tokai University Hospital complaining of left cervical lymph node swelling in 2007. The laboratory data were almost normal except for slight anemia (Hgb 10.5 g/dL), elevation of serum soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor levels (645 U/mL [normal range 220–530 U/mL]), and positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. Serum transaminase and lactated dehydrogenase levels were normal. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed lymph node swelling with a diameter of 3 cm at the left supraclavicular fossa and mild splenomegaly, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with CT (FDG-PET/CT) revealed abnormal uptake in the left supraclavicular fossa. The patient was diagnosed as having indolent nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma by lymph node biopsy. After 9 years with no progression of lymphoma, the patient received 12-week ledipasvir/sofosbuvir therapy for HCV infection and achieved sustained virologic response without any adverse effects. The left supraclavicular mass disappeared in the FDG-PET/CT performed 5 months after antiviral therapy indicating complete response. The serum soluble IL-2 receptor concentration decreased to 244 U/mL. Thereafter, her lymphoma was in remission for 3 years.
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Rahman, Nafisur, Zehra Bano, Hejaz Azmi, and Mohammad Kashif. "A kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of lansoprazole in pharmaceutical formulations." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 10 (2006): 1107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0610107r.
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Asimple kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of lansoprazole in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the oxidation of the drug with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in the absorbance owing to the formation of MnO 42? at 610 nm (Method A) and the decrease in the absorbance at 530 nm due to the disapperance of MnO4? (Method B). Calibration procedures were adopted for the assay of the drug. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 5-150 and 5-70?g ml-1, with the corresponding calibration Equations: rate = -3.915x10-6 + 5.271x10-5 c and ?A = 1.04x 10-3 + 1.78x10-3 c for methods A, and B, respectively. A statistical comparison of the results of the proposed procedures with those of the reference spectrophotometric method show excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference between the compared methods in terms of accuracy and precision. Interval hypothesis tests were also performed, which indicated that the true bias of all samples was less than ? 2 %. .
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Winiowski, A., and D. Majewski. "Brazing of Titanium with Aluminium Alloys." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0114.
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Abstract This study presents results of vacuum diffusion brazing of Grade 2 titanium with 6082 (AlMg1Si0.6Cu0.3) aluminium alloy using B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28) grade silver brazing metal as an interlayer. Brazed joints underwent shear tests, light-microscopy-based metallographic examinations and structural examinations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The highest quality and shear strength of 20 MPa was characteristic of joints brazed at 530°C with a 30-minute hold. The structural examinations revealed that in diffusion zone near the boundary with titanium the braze contained solid solutions based on hard and brittle Ti-Al type intermetallic phases determining the strength of the joints.
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HANEKLAUS, ASHLEY N., KERRI B. HARRIS, DAVEY B. GRIFFIN, THOMAS S. EDRINGTON, LISA M. LUCIA, and JEFFREY W. SAVELL. "Salmonella Prevalence in Bovine Lymph Nodes Differs among Feedyards." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 1131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-530.
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Lymphatic tissue, specifically lymph nodes, is commonly incorporated into ground beef products as a component of lean trimmings. Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria have been identified in bovine lymph nodes, which may impact compliance with the Salmonella performance standards for ground beef established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Although Salmonella prevalence has been examined among lymph nodes between animals, no data are currently available regarding feedyard origin of the cattle and Salmonella prevalence. Bovine lymph nodes (279 superficial cervical plus 28 iliofemoral = 307) were collected from beef carcasses at a commercial beef harvest and processing plant over a 3-month period and examined for the prevalence of Salmonella. Cattle processed were from seven feedyards (A through G). Salmonella prevalence was exceptionally low (0% of samples were positive ) in cattle from feedyard A and high (88.2%) in cattle from feedyard B. Prevalence in the remaining feedyards ranged widely: 40.0% in feedyard C, 4.0% in feedyard D, 24.0% in feedyard E, 42.9% in feedyard F, and 40.0% in feedyard G. These data indicate the range of differences in Salmonella prevalence among feedyards. Such information may be useful for developing interventions to reduce or eliminate Salmonella from bovine lymph nodes, which would assist in the reduction of Salmonella in ground beef.
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Curtis, Neil F., Olga P. Gladkikh, and Mark M. Turnbull. "Copper(II) Compounds with Amine Imine Ligands; Structures of (2,4,6,9,11-Pentamethyl-5,8-diazadodeca-4,8-diene-2,11-diamine)copper(II) Perchlorate and (2,4-Dimethyl-5,8,11- triazatridec-4-ene-2,13-diamine)copper(II) Perchlorate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 7 (1998): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97172.
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(2,4,6,9,11-Pentamethyl-5,8-diazadodeca-4,8-diene-2,11-diamine)copper(II) perchlorate, formed by reaction of (propane-1,2-diamine)copper(II) perchlorate with 4-amino-4-methylpentan-2-one, has the copper(II) ion in tetrahedrally twisted [±0·23(1) Å] square planar coordination by the tetradentate ligand, with a weak axial interaction with a perchlorate ion with Cu–O 2·64(1) Å [C15H32Cl2CuN4O8, Mr 530·89, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a 9·938(7), b 13·591(7), c 17·149(9) Å, β 106·65(5)°, Z 4, R1 0·066 for 1096 reflections]. 2,4-Dimethyl-5,8,11-triazatridec-4-ene-2,13-diamine)copper(II) perchlorate, similarly formed from (triethylenetetramine)copper(II) perchlorate, has the copper(II) ion in square pyramidal coordination by the pentadentate ligand with the terminal primary amine group of the triamine residue in the axial site with Cu–N 2·189(5) Å. The basal plane of four nitrogen donor atoms is tetrahedrally twisted [±0·18(1) Å], with the copper(II) ion displaced from this plane by 0·27(1) Å [C12H29Cl2CuN5O8, Mr 505·84, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a, 9·934(2), b, 15·719(3), c, 13·688(3) Å, β 107·83(3)°, Z 4, R1 0· 044 for 1485 reflections].
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Pitiriga, Vassiliki C., Myrto Papamentzelopoulou, Kanella E. Konstantinakou, Kalliopi Theodoridou, Irene V. Vasileiou, and Athanasios Tsakris. "SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Immunity Responses following Natural Infection and Vaccination." Vaccines 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071186.
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(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity is rapidly activated following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination and is crucial for controlling infection progression and severity. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 between cohorts of subjects with hybrid immunity (convalescent and vaccinated), vaccinated naïve (non-exposed) and convalescent unvaccinated subjects. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of data collected from the medical records of adult individuals who were consecutively examined at a large, private Medical Center of Attica from September 2021 to September 2022 in order to be examined on their own initiative for SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity response. They were divided into three groups: Group A: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated subjects; Group B: SARS-CoV-2 naïve vaccinated subjects; Group C: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent unvaccinated subjects. The SARS-CoV-2 T cell response was estimated against spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) structural proteins by performing the methodology T-SPOT.COVID test. (3) Results: A total of 530 subjects were retrospectively included in the study, 252 females (47.5%) and 278 (52.5%) males ranging from 13 to 92 years old (mean 55.68 ± 17.0 years). Among them, 66 (12.5%) were included in Group A, 284 (53.6%) in Group B and 180 (34.0%) in Group C. Among the three groups, a reaction against S antigen was reported in 58/66 (87.8%) of Group A, 175/284 (61.6%) of Group B and 146/180 (81.1%) of Group C (chi-square, p < 0.001). Reaction against N antigen was present in 49/66 (74.2%) of Group A and in 140/180 (77.7%) of Group C (chi-square, p = 0.841). The median SFC count for S antigen was 24 (range from 0–218) in Group A, 12 (range from 0–275) in Group B and 18 (range from 0–160) in Group C (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.001; pairwise comparisons: groups A–B, p < 0.001; groups A–C, p = 0.147; groups B–C, p < 0.001). The median SFCs count for N antigen was 13 (range 0–82) for Group A and 18 (range 0–168) for Group C (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.27 for A–C groups). (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that natural cellular immunity, either alone or combined with vaccination, confers stronger and more durable protection compared to vaccine-induced cellular immunity.
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Martinez, Ingrith D., and P. M. Lyrene. "530 Fruitfulness of Evergreen vs. Deciduous Southern Highbush Blueberry after Cross-, Self-, and No Pollination." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 537B—537. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.537b.
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Fruit set, fruit size, and seed production after hand pollination in a greenhouse were compared for southern highbush blueberry managed in two ways: a) 69 clones were allowed to go dormant and lose their leaves in the field before being dug and subjected to 1000 hours at 5 °C and b) 26 clones were kept growing in a greenhouse through fall and winter without leaf loss and without chilling, to induce flowering on plants that had mature leaves. On each plant in both management systems, some flowers were self-pollinated, some were cross-pollinated, and others had the styles removed before anthesis to prevent pollination. For >1000 flowers per pollination treatment on the deciduous plants, fruit set averaged 1% for no pollination, 46% for self-pollination, and 76% for cross-pollination. The corresponding values for the evergreen plants were 23%, 59%, and 81%. Parthenocarpic berries averaged 0.37 g/berry for deciduous plants and 1.01 g for evergreen plants. Both crossed and selfed berry weights averaged slightly higher for the evergreen plants than for the deciduous plants, but seed number per berry was much lower for the evergreen plants (12 seeds in crossed berries and four seeds in selfed berries) compared to deciduous plants (37 and 8). Southern highbush blueberry plants that flower without going dormant appear to have much higher parthenocarpic capabilities than those that flower after a dormant period.
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Ross, Donald S., Scott W. Bailey, Gregory B. Lawrence, James B. Shanley, Guinevere Fredriksen, Austin E. Jamison, and Patricia A. Brousseau. "Near-Surface Soil Carbon, Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio, and Tree Species Are Tightly Linked across Northeastern United States Watersheds." Forest Science 57, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/57.6.460.
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Abstract Forest soils hold large stores of carbon, with the highest concentrations in the surface horizons. In these horizons, both the total C mass and the C/N ratio may respond more rapidly to changes in tree species than lower horizons. We measured C and C/N ratios in the Oa or A horizon from 12 watersheds at 8 established forested research sites in the northeastern United States. The dominant tree species included Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia, Picea rubens, and Tsuga canadensis. In 710 plots, both soil C (50–530 g kg−1) and the C/N ratio (11.6–45.3) had a wide range. In all but the Cone Pond watershed, both N concentration and the C/N ratio were strongly related to C content. For these 11 watersheds, the average C/N ratio = 9.5 + 0.030 × C g kg−1 (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.001). Ratios at Cone Pond were much higher than would be predicted from this equation and charcoal was found in numerous samples, suggesting a source of recalcitrant C. Averaged by watershed, C concentration was also significantly related to C pools. The carbon concentration of the horizons sampled was negatively related to A. saccharum + B. alleghaniensis dominance and positively related to conifer + F. grandifolia dominance. The strong relationships between C, C/N ratio, and species suggest predictable patterns in C accumulation in near-surface soils.
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Sridevi, N., C. Srilakshmi, G. Alekya, and Chandra Bala Sekharan. "Enzymatic Assay of Opioid Analgesic, Tramadol, Using Horseradish Peroxidase." International Letters of Natural Sciences 16 (May 2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.16.69.
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Three novel and sensitive enzymatic methods have been developed for the quantification of tramadol in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed methods are based on the reaction of tramadol with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone (method A), aniline (method B) and aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase to give colored complexes. The colored complexes obtained with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone, aniline and aminoantipyrine exhibit absorption maxima at 480 nm, 550 nm and 530 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer’s plots showed good correlation for tramadol in the concentration range (μg/mL) 2-12 for the methods A & B and 4-24 for the method C. The experimental parameters were studied and optimized. The precision and accuracy of the methods were satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantification of tramadol in 3 brands of commercially available tablet dosage forms. The results were compared satisfactorily with the official method.
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Sridevi, N., C. Srilakshmi, G. Alekya, and Chandra Bala Sekharan. "Enzymatic Assay of Opioid Analgesic, Tramadol, Using Horseradish Peroxidase." International Letters of Natural Sciences 16 (May 30, 2014): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-f9e2v2.
Full textAbstract:
Three novel and sensitive enzymatic methods have been developed for the quantification of tramadol in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed methods are based on the reaction of tramadol with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone (method A), aniline (method B) and aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase to give colored complexes. The colored complexes obtained with 3-methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone, aniline and aminoantipyrine exhibit absorption maxima at 480 nm, 550 nm and 530 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer’s plots showed good correlation for tramadol in the concentration range (μg/mL) 2-12 for the methods A & B and 4-24 for the method C. The experimental parameters were studied and optimized. The precision and accuracy of the methods were satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantification of tramadol in 3 brands of commercially available tablet dosage forms. The results were compared satisfactorily with the official method.
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Di, Yong Jiang, Jun Wang, Deng Ming Chen, Bi Jia, and Jian Jun Jiang. "Effect of Annealing on the Magnetostatic and Microwave Electromagnetic Properties of Glass-Coated Fe-Rich Microwires." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.345.
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Glass-coated FeCuNbVSiB microwires was annealed in the temperature range of 380 °C to 600 °C. The microstructures and magnetostatic properties of the glass-coated microwires were characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) respectively. Relative complex permeability and complex permittivity was measured by transmission/reflection (T/R) coaxial line method in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz for as-casted and annealed Fe-rich microwires samples. The measured results show that the coercive field of the Fe-rich microwires decrease to 1.54 Oe at 470 °C, and then increase rapidly with the increasing of the annealing temperature. The coercive field and saturation field of the microwire samples increased abruptly with the outgrowth of the Fe-B hard magnetic phase in the Fe-rich microwire samples. The imaginary part of permeability and the natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency decrease for the thermal treatment below 470 °C, and then increase with the annealing temperature up to 530 °C. The change of magnetostatic and microwave electromagnetic properties of the microwires samples with the annealing process come from the change of the anisotropy caused by the internal stress.
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Giannicola, Giuseppe, Valerio Castagna, Ciro Villani, Stefano Gumina, and Marco Scacchi. "Does shape and size of the stems affect the stress-shielding around press-fit radial head arthroplasty?" Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b3.bjj-2020-1421.r1.
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Aims It has been hypothesized that proximal radial neck resorption (PRNR) following press-fit radial head arthroplasty (RHA) is due to stress-shielding. We compared two different press-fit stems by means of radiographs to investigate whether the shape and size of the stems are correlated with the degree of PRNR. Methods The radiographs of 52 RHAs were analyzed both at 14 days postoperatively and after two years. A cylindrical stem and a conical stem were implanted in 22 patients (group 1) and 30 patients (group 2), respectively. The PRNR was measured in the four quadrants of the radial neck and the degree of stem filling was calculated by analyzing the ratio between the prosthetic stem diameter (PSD) and the medullary canal diameter (MCD) at the proximal portion of the stem (level A), halfway along the stem length (level B), and distally at the stem tip (level C). Results Overall, 50 of the 52 patients displayed PRNR. The mean PRNR observed was 3.9 mm (0 to 7.4). The degree of endomedullary stem filling at levels A, B, and C was 96%, 90%, and 68% in group 1, and 96%, 72%, and 57%, in group 2, with differences being significant at levels B (p < 0.001) and C (p < 0.001). No significant correlations emerged between the severity of PRNR and the three stem/canal ratios either within each group or between the groups. Conclusion PRNR in press-fit RHA appears to be independent of the shape and size of the stems. Other causes besides stem design should be investigated to explain completely this phenomenon. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):530–535.
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Mohanty, N., AM Gilmore, and HY Yamamoto. "Mechanism of Non-Photochemical Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching. II. Resolution of Rapidly Reversible Absorbance Changes at 530 Nm and Fluorescence Quenching by the Effects of Antimycin, Dibucaine and Cation Exchanger, A23187." Functional Plant Biology 22, no. 2 (1995): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950239.
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The putative relationship between the light-induced absorbance increase at 530 nm (ΔA530), the so-called light-scattering change, and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) was examined by the effect of inhibitors. Antimycin at a low concentration (350 nM) completely inhibited fluorescence quenching while only partially inhibiting A530. This effect was independent of the mode of thylakoid energisation and preinduction of violaxanthin de-epoxidation. Dibucaine at 20 FM abolished NPQ but had little effect on ΔA530. Moreover, the light-induced ΔA530 signal was present even in the absence of de-epoxidised xanthophylls. The cation exchanger A23187 blocked the development of NPQ as well as relaxed fluorescence quenching at steady state without involving a major portion of ΔA530. Thus, the relationship between energy-dependent A530 changes and fluorescence quenching was non-linear under all conditions tested. The light-induced absorbance increase at 530 nm, therefore, is insufficient for NPQ. The differential effects of inhibitors are explained schematically, depicting three phases for NPQ: (a) formation of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin by the xanthophyll cycle; (b) formation of a state reflected by A530 that is induced by the transthylakoid ApH, possibly involving aggregation of LHCII; and (c) fluorescence quenching by the combined effect of both steps and by the H+-cation exchange properties of thylakoid membranes.
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Mifflin, Steven W., and Melissa Vitela. "Gaba b Receptor Mediated Responses in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) Are Altered in Acute and Chronic Hypertensive Rats." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (October 2000): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.701-c.
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P47 In renal wrap chronic hypertensive (CHT) rats, injection of the GABA B agonist baclofen into the NTS evokes a greater increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) than in normotensive (NT) controls, and in CHT rats there is an increased expression of GABA B receptor mRNA in the NTS ( Hypertension, 33:530). We report that the pressor response to injection of baclofen into the NTS is enhanced following acute hypertension (AHT) of only 30 minutes. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with Inactin (60mg/kg), paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Following unilateral electrolytic ablation of the NTS, microinjection of 40pmoles of baclofen into the contralateral NTS of NT (101±2mmHg) rats resulted in an increase in MAP of 21±1mmHg (n=7). During AHT (30 min of phenylephrine infusion, MAP increased to 135±3mmHg), microinjection of baclofen increased MAP by 34±2mmHg (n=13). This was significantly greater than the response before AHT (p<.01) and no different from the response in CHT rats (37±3mmHg, n=8, p>.80). Intravenous injections of norepinephrine (n=3) and angiotensin II (n=3) produced the same increases in MAP before and during AHT (p>.4) so the enhanced baclofen response is not due to a change in vascular reactivity. Baclofen has both pre- and post-synaptic effects. To eliminate the pre-synaptic component of the baclofen response sino-aortic denervations (SAD) were performed prior to the microinjections. In NT-SAD rats, baclofen injections increased MAP by 12±1mmHg (n=8), in AHT-SAD by 12±1mmHg (n=12)and in CHT-SAD rats by 20±3mmHg (n=7). To conclude, the pressor response to NTS injections of baclofen is enhanced in both CHT and AHT rats. The increase in baroreceptor afferent input to NTS during phenylephrine induced AHT provides a greater substrate for pre-synaptic inhibition by baclofen since the post-synaptic component of the baclofen response is the same in NT-SAD and AHT-SAD. The enhanced pressor response in CHT rats is associated with an increased post-synaptic component of the baclofen response, consistent with our previous finding of an increase in GABA B receptor mRNA in the NTS in CHT rats.
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Humera Naz Altaf, Raheela Aqeel, Fareeha Farooqui, Sehrish Latif, Sania Waseem, and Arif Malik. "Cross-sectional study of mammographic breast density of Pakistani women and its association with breast cancer." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 6 (May 15, 2023): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.6398.
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Objectives: To explore if a positive association existed between breast cancer and increased breast density. Method: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad and comprised data from July 10, 2018, to July 10, 2020, of all patients who underwent mammography for screening or diagnostic purposes. Data was collected by reviewing patients’ charts, and was divided into diagnostic group A and screening group B according to mammography target. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category was also noted. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 1,035 women with mean age 46.8±2.5 years (range: 35-82 years), 928(89.7%) were in group A and 107((10.3%) were in group B Prevalent breast densities overall were category A 67(6.3%), B 349(33.7%), C 530(51.2%) and D 89(8.5%). In group A, a lump was detected in 542(58.4%) patients. Of them, 367(67.7%) lesions were malignant and 175(32.3%) were benign. Breast density and malignant tumours had significant association (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mammographic breast density wsa found to have a significant association with breast cancer. Key Words: Breast density, Bcancer, BIRADS, Malignant, Mammography.
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Khrabrova, L. A., N. V. Blohina, B. Z. Bazaron, and T. N. Khamiruev. "Variability of mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences in Zabaikalskaya horse breed." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 25, no. 5 (September 10, 2021): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj21.055.
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The Zabaikalskaya horse is an indigenous breed of horses from Siberia with diverse use. It is characterized by e durance and good adaptability to year-round herd maintenance in the harsh conditions of the Baikal steppes. To determine the genetic characteristics of the maternal lineage of the Zabaikalskaya horse breed based on mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, we collected hair samples from 31 horses belonging to breeding farms in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Analysis of the 530 bp sequence of the mtDNA D-loop was performed using the maximum composite likelihood (MCL) model in combination with bootstrap analysis. When studying the polymorphism of the hypervariable region of the mtDNA D-loop in Zabaikalskaya horses, we identified 31 haplotypes representing 8 haplogroups: B, C, G, H, L, M, Q and R according to modern classification. The sequenced fragment of the D-loop from nucleotide position 15471 to 16000 contained 17 polymorphic sites, mainly represented by the A→G, G→A and T→C transitions. The haplogroups Q (25.81 %), B (19.35 %), G (16.13 %) and H (12.90 %) were prevailing in the mtDNA structure of this breed. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the Zabaikalskaya horse revealed a high level of diversity of haplotypes and haplogroups, which are typical for the horse populations of Eurasia.
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Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Viktorija, Giedrė Samuolienė, Vaidevutis Šveikauskas, Kristina Laužikė, and Sigita Jurkonienė. "The Influence of End-of-Day Blue Light on the Growth, Photosynthetic, and Metabolic Parameters of Lettuce at Different Development Stages." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202798.
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This study evaluates the effect of end-of-day blue (EOD B) light on the physiological response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Lobjoits Green Cos) at different phenological development stages. Plants were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber (day/night temperature 21 ± 2 °C; relative air humidity 60 ± 5%) under the light of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of 5% blue (B; 450 nm), 85% red (R; 660 nm), and 10% green (G; 530 nm) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 for 16 h d−1 (BRG, control) for 8, 15, and 25 days (BBCH 12, BBCH 14, and BBCH 18, respectively). For the EOD B treatments, lettuce plants were additionally illuminated with 100% of B light at 30 and 60 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD for 4 h d−1 (B30 and B60, respectively). The results show that EOD B light caused the elevated shoot elongation of lettuce plants regardless of their growth stages. However, leaf width increased only in more developed lettuce plants (BBCH 18). EOD B light negatively affected the development of new leaves and fresh weight, except for seedlings (BBCH 12). Most photosynthetic and spectral leaf indices also decreased when lettuce was treated with EOD B light, especially under the PPFD level of 60 µmol m−2 s−1. Moreover, the changes in metabolic parameters such as DPPH free radical activity, free proline content, and H+-ATPase activity in lettuce showed a plant response to unfavorable conditions to EOD B light.
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Pang, Hui, Wen Guan Zhang, and Sheng Min Zhao. "The Electroluminescent Devices Based on Benzoxazinone as Strong Fluorescent Material." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.339.
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The yellow-green fluorescent material 2-[2-(p-toluenesulphonylamino)phenyl]-4H-3,1- benzoxazin-4-one (TSPAPB) was synthesized by anthranilic acid and p-toluenesulphonyl chloride. Strong photoluminescent peaks were nearly at 530 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of solid powder was measured to be 6.47 ns by transient fluorescence spectrometer. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated -4.92 and -1.61 eV. The multilayer yellow-green organic light-emitting devices (OLED) ITO/NPB/TSPAPB/BCP/TPBi or Alq3/LiF/Al were fabricated. Device A and B exhibited emissions at 576 nm with current efficiencies (CE) of 1.09 and 0.86 cd/A. The yellow-green electroluminescent peaks of Device C and D were at ca. 588 nm with current efficiencies of 0.94 and 0.68 cd/A, respectively. The characteristics of devices demonstrated that TSPAPB was a yellow-green emitter suitable for OLEDs.
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Brunnemann, Nicole, and Jörn R. Sparfeldt. "Konzentrationsdiagnostik bei Grundschulkindern." Diagnostica 63, no. 2 (April 2017): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000169.
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Zusammenfassung. Konzentration gilt als bedeutsames Korrelat und als Prädiktor erfolgreichen Lern- und Arbeitsverhaltens. Insbesondere bei Grundschulkindern wurde wiederholt die Güte entsprechender Testverfahren bezweifelt. Zur psychometrischen Prüfung bearbeiteten Viertklässlerinnen und Viertklässler (N = 530) drei Testverfahren: (a) die Testreihe zur Prüfung der Konzentrationsfähigkeit (TPK; Kurth & Büttner, 1999 ) mit schulnäheren Aufgaben (Abschreibtext, einfache Rechenaufgaben, Merkaufgabe) sowie – mit schulferneren Aufgaben – (b) den Aufmerksamkeits- und Konzentrationstest (d2-R; Brickenkamp, Schmidt-Atzert & Liepmann, 2010 ), einen Durchstreichtest, und (c) den Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test (ZVT; Oswald & Roth, 1978 ). Zusätzlich schätzten Klassenlehrkräfte (N = 31) die Konzentrationsleistung der Kinder ein. Die psychometrischen Manualkennwerte wurden weitgehend repliziert. Konzentrationsleistungskennwerte innerhalb und zwischen Tests korrelierten moderat, konfirmatorisch zeigte ein Generalfaktor eine gute Modellpassung. Die von den Lehrkräften und Schulkindern eingeschätzten Konzentrationsleistungen korrelierten moderat mit der Testleistung in schulnäheren und niedriger in schulferneren Aufgaben. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund einer konstruktvaliden Konzentrationsdiagnostik diskutiert.
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Kirkham, Julie Ann, Julian Lloyd, and Hannah Stockton. "Development and Validation of the Retrospective Childhood Fantasy Play Scale." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 38, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 315–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236618794880.
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This article describes the development and initial psychometric properties of the Retrospective Childhood Fantasy Play Scale (RCFPS), a brief 11-item retrospective self-report measure of preference for, and engagement with, fantasy play during childhood. Five studies were conducted to (a) develop the initial items for the scale ( n = 77), (b) determine the underlying factor structure ( n = 200), (c) test the fit of the model ( n = 530), and (d) and (e) ascertain construct validity ( n = 200) and convergent validity ( n = 263). Overall, the results suggest that the RCFPS is a unidimensional measure with acceptable fit and preliminary validity. The RCFPS may prove useful in educational and developmental research as an alternative to longitudinal studies to further investigate how childhood fantasy play relates to individual differences in adulthood (e.g., in the areas of creativity, theory of mind, and narrative skills).
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Rieu, R., and R. J. Porter. "The Carrack Field, Blocks 49/14b, 49/15a and 49/15b, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 52, no. 1 (2020): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m52-2020-9.
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AbstractThe Carrack Field, located in the Southern North Sea Blocks 49/14b and 49/15a, has of the order or 15 bcm (530 bcf) gas initially in place and is operated by Shell UK Ltd. The field consists of a pop-up structure in the south of the field and extends to the north with a gently-dipping monoclinal structure. The reservoir comprises sandstones of the Permian Silverpit and Leman Sandstone formations, which contain c. 85% of the in-place resources. The quality of the reservoir decreases rapidly to the north. Gas is also produced from Carboniferous sandstones of late Duckmantian (Westphalian B)–Bolsovian (Westphalian C) age.Initially, the field was in pressure communication both laterally and vertically with a single gas–water contact. During production time, however, the three main fault blocks behaved independently, and decimetre-thick shale intervals acted as vertical baffles between the sandstone units.The Carrack Field has been in production since 2003 and is developed by a single platform with seven mainly deviated wells. The current production rate is c. 0.7 MMm3/day (25 MMscfgd). Until the end of field life in the 2030s, the field is expected to produce gas of the order of a few bcm. The main remaining opportunity is the undeveloped Carrack West compartment.
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Barragán Ortiz, A. "SAN JERÓNIMO, Epistolano. Edición bilingüe I, traducción, introducciones y notas por Juan Bautista Valero, Ed. Católica (B. A. C. 530), Madrid 1993, 910 pp., 13 x 20." Scripta Theologica 27, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/006.27.16098.
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Ghezellou, Misagh, Piyush Kumar, Marianne E. Bathen, Robert Karsthof, Einar Ö. Sveinbjörnsson, Ulrike Grossner, J. Peder Bergman, Lasse Vines, and Jawad Ul-Hassan. "The role of boron related defects in limiting charge carrier lifetime in 4H–SiC epitaxial layers." APL Materials 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 031107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142415.
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One of the main challenges in realizing 4H–SiC (silicon carbide)-based bipolar devices is the improvement of minority carrier lifetime in as-grown epitaxial layers. Although Z1/2 has been identified as the dominant carrier lifetime limiting defect, we report on B-related centers being another dominant source of recombination and acting as lifetime limiting defects in 4H–SiC epitaxial layers. Combining time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurement in near band edge emission and 530 nm, deep level transient spectroscopy, and minority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS), it was found that B related deep levels in the lower half of the bandgap are responsible for killing the minority carriers in n-type, 4H–SiC epitaxial layers when the concentration of Z1/2 is already low. The impact of these centers on the charge carrier dynamics is investigated by correlating the MCTS results with temperature-dependent TRPL decay measurements. It is shown that the influence of shallow B acceptors on the minority carrier lifetime becomes neutralized at temperatures above [Formula: see text] K. Instead, the deep B related acceptor level, known as the D-center, remains active until temperatures above [Formula: see text] K. Moreover, a correlation between the deep level concentrations, minority carrier lifetimes, and growth parameters indicates that intentional nitrogen doping hinders the formation of deep B acceptor levels. Furthermore, tuning growth parameters, including growth temperature and C/Si ratio, is shown to be crucial for improving the minority carrier lifetime in as-grown 4H–SiC epitaxial layers.
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Peng, Biaolin, Qiuping Lu, Yi-Chi Wang, Jing-Feng Li, Qi Zhang, Haitao Huang, Laijun Liu, Chao Li, Limei Zheng, and Zhong Lin Wang. "B-Site Nanoscale-Ordered Structure Enables Ultra-High Tunable Performance." Research 2022 (October 28, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9764976.
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Tunable devices constructed by ferroelectric thin films are often desired to possess a low dielectric loss while maintainging a high dielectric tunability over a broad operating temperature range in applications, for example, resonators, filters, or phase shifters. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve these characteristics by traditional strategies, such as doping and strain modifying. Here, we demonstrate that the dielectric tunability of the sol-gel-prepared Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)0.9(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.1O3 (PSNMN) thin film can be almost doubled from ~47% to ~80.0% (at 10 kHz) at a low electric field (~530 kV/cm), and the dielectric loss can be sharply reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from ~0.50 to ~0.037 (at 1 kHz) when the thin film was annealed in air at 650°C for 15 h under the help of an atmosphere-compensating-block (ACB) made from the proto-PSNMN gel. Moreover, the PSNMN thin film annealed with ACB also exhibited an extremely high thermally-stable dielectric tunability in an ultrabroad temperature range (>130 K), which could be attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) effect generated by the interface between the PSNMN disordered matrix and the B-site nanoscale-ordered structure formed during the long-term annealing process. The reduced dielectric loss is mainly benefited from the reduced concentration of oxygen vacancy and the possible MW effects, and the enhanced dielectric tunability could be ascribed to the weaker domain-pinning effect by oxygen vacancy. The breakthrough provides a new universal strategy to achieve utrahigh tunable performance in A(B’1/2B”1/2)O3 ferroelectric thin films with a B-site nanoscale-ordered structure, meanwhile it paves the way for ultraintergrated tunable thin-film-devices with great phase shifter performance in practical applications.
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Amin, MZ, LN Siddique, MA Slatter, and KK Biswas. "Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2012): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13065.
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Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Life long protective antibodies are present after infection. The number of cases of adult hepatitis A has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in Bangladesh. In addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-HAV has changed with economic growth. The prevalence of anti-HAV in 20-40 year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. As a result, this age groups has a high risk for HAV infection and clinically overt hepatitis A is increasing in adolescents and adult. The aim of the present study were to assess whether the proportion of adults with acute HAV infection has been increasing over the years and analyze the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M(IgM) anti- HAV antibodies in young adults below the age of 20 years as well as in cases of chronic liver disease. Sera collected from 530 patients with acute and chronic liver disease attends the Somorita Hospital Ltd. during the previous 2 years and 6 months (Jan. 2008- Jun. 2010) were tested for various serological markers of acute and chronic hepatitis. In addition, 530 normal healthy attendants of the patients above the age of 20 years were tested for IgM anti-HAV as controls. Of 530 patients with acute hepatitis (13.42%) were positive for immunoglobulin M. The patients who were IgM anti-HAV negative were found to be hepatitis B (106 patients), hepatitis C, (10 patients), hepatitis E (150 patients) and unclassified (273 patients). Although the frequency of HAV infection among young adult (< 20 age) had increased (33.33% to 42.35%) in the 2 years and 6 months period, the frequency of HAV infection among adults had also increased (15.38% to 28.13%) during the same period. This study should be helpful for the identification of high risk population for vaccination of hepatitis A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13065 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 309-312 2012
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Zhong, Xia, Dan Yuan, Shuang feng Fan, Yang Liu, Ling Su, Shi Jiao He, Shu Liang, and Yi Yang. "Molecular network analysis of 308 newly diagnosed HIV infection and 210 ART failure patients from rural counties in Sichuan." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): e0298324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298324.
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Background Few studies on molecular epidemiology have studied people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients at the same time in rural China. With more serious HIV epidemic than in other provinces in China, Sichuan is an area suitable for this study. Objective To analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular networks and factors related to network entry among newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients in three county-level cities (A, B, C) in Sichuan Province, to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control. Methods Nested PCR amplification method was used to amplify HIV-1 pol gene region of 530 blood samples, Sequencer 4.9 was used to edit, clean and splice the gene sequence, Bioedit correction, Fastree 2.1.8 and Figtree 1.4.2 to construct evolutionary tree and determine genotype. HyPhy2.2.4 and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software were used to construct molecular network. Logistic regression analysis was applied. Results 523(98.68%) pol sequences were obtained, and a total of 518 valid sequences with basic information came into the final analyses. A total of 6 genotypes were detected, namely CRF01_AE (320,61.78%), CRF07_BC (149,28.76%), B (30,5.79%), CRF08_BC (11, 2.12%), CRF55_01B (6, 1.16%) and C (2, 0.39%). 186 of 518(35.91%) sequences entered the network at a genetic distance of 0.8%, forming 42 propagation clusters. “High-risk transmitters”(connected with two and more) accounted for 21.62%. Logistic regression showed that≥50 years old (OR = 2.474) were more risky than 18–49 years old, CRF07_BC sub-type (OR = 0.174) were less risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, B sub-type (OR = 6.698) is higher risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, and District B (OR = 0.077) less risky than that of A city. Conclusion The sources of HIV infection in rural Sichuan are diversified and complicated. The prevention and control of HIV infection in Sichuan Province should focus on strengthening the long-term dynamic detection of elderly population, B strain sub-type, and in City A.
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Hao, Lujie, Qinghua Lv, Xiaosan Zhang, Qingquan Jiang, and Lin Ping. "Avatar identification mediates the relationship between peer phubbing and mobile game addiction." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9384.
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We investigated the relationship between snubbing a peer in favor of using a cell phone (phubbing) and mobile game addiction by introducing avatar identification as a mediator, and feelings of social exclusion and perception of belonging as moderators. Participants were 530 Chinese mobile game users who completed a survey comprising measures of peer phubbing, avatar identification, feelings of social exclusion, perception of belonging, and mobile game addiction. Results were as follows: (a) peer phubbing affected mobile game addiction through avatar identification; (b) feelings of social exclusion moderated the relationship between peer phubbing and avatar identification, and the mediating role of avatar identification in this link; and (c) perception of belonging was linked to the relationship between peer phubbing and feelings of social exclusion, affecting avatar identification and the mediating role of avatar identification in this link. Our results demonstrate the impact mechanism of peer phubbing on mobile game addiction and provide a new perspective on mobile game addiction prevention.
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Scorer, R. S. "Fundamentals of Air Pollution, By A. C. Stern, R. W. Bonbel, D. B. Turner, and D. L. Fox. Second Edition. Academic Press, 1984. Pp. 530, £28.00/US$39.50." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 111, no. 468 (April 1985): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711146830.
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Saeed, Muhammad Asif, Ghulam Murtaza, Shafaqat Ali, Humera Aziz, Mohammed F. Albeshr, Shahid Mahboob, Irfan Manzoor, et al. "Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Socio-Economic Impacts in Arid Mountainous Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 12567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912567.
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We investigated the quality of drinking water and its possible effects on human health in the Dera Ghazi Khan (D. G. Khan) district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from three tehsils of the D. G. Khan district, namely D. G. Khan, Kot Chutta, and Taunsa. A total of 50 samples (n = 50) were collected from the study area using standard procedures. The pH of the water samples ranged from 6.52–8.75, EC 0.31–9.78 dS m−1, and TDS 105–985 mg L−1. The bacterial analysis showed that 9 out of 50 samples (18%) contained pathogenic E. coli bacterial. The results showed that the pH and EC values of some sampling sites exceeded the WHO guidelines for drinking water. It was observed that the pH of only 1 sample, and the EC of 18 samples in D. G. Khan—5 in Kot Chutta and 16 in Tehsil Taunsa—exceeded the WHO guidelines. In terms of E. coli presence and related diseases (hepatitis A, B, and C), we collected data, which were screened and belonged to the sampling sites, from 1378 patients receiving treatment related to hepatitis A, B, and C. It was revealed that 530 patients belonged to the D. G. Khan site, followed by Taunsa (460), and Kot Chutta (388). Based on the results, it was concluded that the quality of drinking water samples generally was good, except for 6% of the samples, assessed using (SAR) and Kelly’s ratio (KR), and 9 sites were positive for E. coli.
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Galliski, Miguel Ángel, María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía, Encarnación Roda-Robles, and Albrecht von Quadt. "The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070841.
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The Li-bearing pegmatites of the Pampean Pegmatite Province (PPP) occur in a rare-element pegmatite belt developed mainly in the Lower Paleozoic age on the southwestern margin of Gondwana. The pegmatites show Li, Rb, Nb ≤ Ta, Be, P, B, Bi enrichment, and belong to the Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) petrogenetic family, Rare-Element-Li (REL-Li) subclass; most of them are of complex type and spodumene subtype, some are of albite-spodumene type, and a few of petalite subtype. The origin of the pegmatites is attributed predominantly to fractionation of fertile S-type granitic melts produced by either fluid-absent or fluid-assisted anatexis of a thick pile of Gondwana-derived turbiditic sediments. Most of the pegmatites are orogenic (530–440 Ma) and developed during two overlapped collisional orogenies (Pampean and Famatinian); a few are postorogenic (~370 Ma), related to crustal contaminated A-type granites. The pegmatites were likely intruded in the hinterland, preferably in medium-grade metamorphic rocks with PT conditions ~200–500 MPa and 400–650 °C, where they are concentrated in districts and groups. Known combined resources add up 200,000 t of spodumene, with variable grades between 5 and 8 wt.% Li2O. The potential for future findings and enlargement of the resources is high, since no systematic exploration program has yet been developed.
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Van, Bui Hong, Pham Van Ben, Tran Minh Thi, and Hoang Nam Nhat. "Absorption and Radiation Transitions in Mn2+(3d5) Configuration of Mn-Doped ZnS Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Method." Journal of Materials 2013 (April 21, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/716452.
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The Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles with Mn content of 0–15 mol% were synthesized by a hydrothermal method from the solutions Zn(CH3COO)2 0.1 M, Mn(CH3COO)2 0.01 M, and Na2S2O3 0.1 M at 220°C for 15 h. These nanoparticles presented the cubic structure with average particle size about 16 nm. The yellow-orange photoluminescence (PL) band at 586 nm was attributed to the radiation transition of the electrons in 3d5 unfilled shell of Mn2+ ions [4T1(4G)-6A1(6S)] in ZnS matrix. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra monitored at the yellow-orange band, the absorption spectra also showed the near band edge absorption of 336–349 nm and the characteristic absorption bands of Mn2+(3d5) ions at 392, 430, 463, 468, 492, and 530 nm. These bands should be attributed to the absorption transitions of 3d5 electrons from the ground state 6A1(6S) to the excited states 4E(4D), 4T2(4D), 4A1(4G)-4E(4G), 4T2(4G), and 4T1(4G) of Mn2+ ions. The intensity of PL band and absorption bands of Mn2+(3d5) ions also increased with the Mn content from 0.1 to 9 mol%, but their peak positions were almost unchanged. The PLE spectra showed clearly the energy level splitting of Mn2+ ions in ZnS crystal field and allowed for the calculation of the splitting width between the excited states 4A1(4G), 4E(4G) about of 229 cm−1 (28.6 meV), and the Racah parameters B=559 cm−1, C=3202 cm−1 (γ=C/B=5.7), and the crystal field strength Dq=568 cm−1. The PL spectra with different excitation wavelengths corresponding to absorption transition bands of the PLE spectra allow for the discussion of the indirect and direct excitation mechanisms of Mn2+(3d5) ions in the ZnS crystal.