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1
Cuadros, Valle Jaime. "Hypersato Structures." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96376.
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We define hypersato structures: these structures admit three inequivalent Sasakian structures such that each of these structures shares a common Reeb vector field and a common contact form with the others two. It is interestingto notice that hypersato manifolds can be viewed as U(1) principal orbibundles with base space a 4n-dimensional hyperkahler orbifold. We also discuss some results on the moduli problem of these structures.<br>Definimos variedades hipersato: estas variedades admiten tres estructuras del tipo Sasaki inequivalentes de tal manera que estas tres estructuras poseen un campo vectorial del tipo Reeb y una forma de contacto en común. Variedades que admiten estructura hipersato pueden considerarse como espacios totales de un fibrado principal U(1) del tipo orbifold, donde el espacio base admite una métrica singular hiperkahler. Discutimos tambien algunos resultados acerca del espacio moduli de variedades admitiendo estas estructuras.
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Cuadros, Valle Jaime. "Duality on 5-dimensional S1-Seifert bundles." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95418.
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We describe a correspondence between two different links associated to the same K3 orbifold. This duality is produced when two elements, one inside and the other on the boundary of the Kähler cone, are identified. We call this correspondence ∂-duality. We also discuss the consequences of ∂-duality at the level of metrics.<br>Describimos una correspondencia entre dos enlaces asociados a un mismo espacio K3 que soporta a lo más, singularidades cíclicas de tipo orbifold. Esta dualidad se hace evidente cuando dos elementos, uno en el interior y el otro en la frontera del cono de Kähler, son identificados. Denominamos a esta correspondencia ∂-dualidad. También discutimos las consecuencias de ∂-dualidad al nivel de estructuras riemaniannas.
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Tokay, Elif. "Continuity and transformation : theosis in the Arabic translation of Gregory Nazianzen's Oration on Baptism (Oration 40)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/53535/.
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This doctoral thesis examines the Arabic translation of Gregory Nazianzen’s Oration on Baptism (Oration 40) by a tenth-eleventh century Melkite translator and writer, Ibrāhīm ibn Yūḥannā al-Anṭākī. In particular, it focuses on the way al-Anṭākī presented Gregory’s theosis theology and investigates the extent to which he engaged with Islamic thought, primarily his borrowing of concepts and structures from Islamic debates such as the unity and the divine attributes of God and the perfection of the soul. This study asks to what extent this theology, which combines both the social and the spiritual aspects of human perfection, or the reception of Gregory helped the Antiochene Melkites develop a strong identity at a time when they were ruled by the Byzantine Empire but attached to the Islamicate culture they shared with their Muslim neighbours. The key conclusion of this thesis is that the Arabic translation of Oration 40 can be said to present a version of Gregory’s theosis theology which is enriched by the concepts and terms used by Christian and Muslim writers of the period. Although it cannot be said to represent a development in this theology but should be viewed as a creative retelling of it, al-Anṭākī’s erudition in the discussions of Christian Arabic theology and Islamic thought, as well as his references to these discussions in the words he used, makes this text particularly interesting. Theosis seems to have captured what he saw as essential for the good of his community: attachment to the Church or tradition, living the life that Christ lived in this world but with an emphasis on the public expression of the faith, perfection of the soul and the union with God here on earth and in the world to come.
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Strutt, Ian. "New axially chiral amine organocatalysts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53435/.
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Organocatalysis has become one of the most popular areas of research within organic chemistry over the past 15 years. This is due to the fact that, usually under mild conditions, it is possible to access either highly functionalized or previously inaccessible structural motifs using this relatively new type of catalysis. Firstly, methodology is reported for the synthesis and use of tertiary amine organocatalysts based on the now ubiquitous binaphthyl backbone. The tertiary amines synthesized were shown to be effective nitrogen transfer reagents in the asymmetric aziridination of chalcone substrates, with enantiomeric excesses of up to 37% seen. The first example of an isolated chiral hydrazinium salt being used as a nitrogen transfer reagent for the aziridination of enones is also described. Secondly, a range of α-substituted secondary amines based on the binaphthyl backbone has been synthesized from easily accessible iminium salts. Preliminary catalyst testing showed them to be interesting alternatives to the more commonly seen proline-derived catalysts for asymmetric conjugate additions reactions between cyclic enones and malonates, with enantiomeric excesses of 24% seen using optimized conditions.
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Chave, Lynne. "In good shape? : a comparative evaluation of the registration of 3D product forms as trade marks and designs under EU law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53235/.
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The thesis seeks to develop a normatively well-grounded and practically viable framework for the registration of product shapes under EU design and trade mark law, taking proper account of doctrinal overlaps. The institutional challenge is to develop a model which avoids unnecessary duplication of protection while permitting each regime to function in a principled and complementary manner. The thesis adopts a multi-dimensional comparative approach focussing on four central criteria (subject-matter, subject-matter exclusions, protection thresholds and scope). Firstly, US Federal law is employed as a comparator for subsisting legal doctrine and theoretical rationales. Secondly, a comparative analysis is undertaken between the two regimes to pinpoint the aspects which distinguish between a ‘design’ and ‘trade mark’ right vesting in features of product shape. The thesis develops a normative model of protection and advances interpretations which EU tribunals should adopt to give effect to the underlying rationales of both registration regimes, as applied to product shapes, while mitigating against over-protection and 'regime clash'.
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Chassioti, Efthimia. "Queueing models for call centres." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/53535/.
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This research develops and evaluates queueing models that can be used to model characteristics of basic call centres, i.e. multi-server systems with time-dependent arrival rates, general service time distribution and state-dependent abandonments on arrival (balking). The discrete-time modelling approach which has previously been used for modelling the time-dependent behaviour of multi-server queues is extended to incorporate state-dependent balking. Pure birth state-dependent arrival processes are studied for different arrival rates and are extended for the case of a recurrent arrival rate. Two approximations are introduced to model time-dependent systems with state-dependent balking. These approximations are proved to bound the actual solution for M(t,n)/D/s systems. A simulation model for systems with state-dependent balking is developed. Empirical tests versus this model show that the two approximations provide bounds of controllable accuracy. The performance of systems with balking is studied. Results show insensitivity to the service time distribution. The pointwise stationary approximation (PSA) generally performs well for these systems. A simple formula to estimate the mean number in the system is derived for busy systems with balking. Insights potentially useful to call centre management are reported.
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Fallatah, Rodwan Hashim Mohammed. "The applicability of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs model to Saudi organisations." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53835/.
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One of the most influential and often quoted content theories of human motivation is Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s theory is based on an assumption that all humans are motivated by a hierarchy of needs that are fundamental and universal. While many studies have attested to the wide relevance and applicability of this model, some other legitimate studies have argued that the theory is limited in terms of its universal applicability because of its Anglo-Saxon monoculture orientation. In view of these differing points of view, this thesis investigates and tests the extent to which Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs model is applicable or relevant to a Saudi organisational context. The empirical study was undertaken at two Saudia Arabian universities. One of the universities has a devout religious orientation while the other is, relatively, moderately religious in its outlook. The research utilised Porter’s Needs Satisfaction Questionnaire to collect the data. The data then underwent a quantitative (e.g. Q-Sort) analysis and a qualitative (thematic) analysis, yielding a number of findings related to the research questions and objectives. The findings suggest that Maslow’s theory of motivation is not universally applicable. The research generates a hierarchy of needs that is not the same as that proposed by Maslow’s theory. Furthermore, the findings reveal differences in the order of these needs across gender and religion. Therefore, this research has generated a new, refined order of motivational drivers in the Saudi organisational context, which reflects contextual influences of gender and religion.
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MacCallum, N. R. L. "Studies in gas turbine performance and in combustion." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5335/.
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Towns, Richard Mark. "The synthesis and properties of some well-defined fluorinated polymers." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5335/.
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This thesis describes studies directed to the ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) of some fluorinated compounds using a range of well-defined initiators. Chapter 1 reviews some general aspects of olefin metathesis and ring opening metathesis polymerisation of relevance to the work described in this thesis. Topics such as piezo- and pyro-electricity and optical and electrical properties of conjugated polymers are introduced and these receive more detailed attention later in the thesis. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis, characterisation and properties of . poly(bis(trifluororaethyl)norbomadiene) in detail. The use of various initiating systems that have been used previously and the effect they have on the tacticity of the resulting polymer raicrostructure are discussed. The latter part of this chapter reviews some of the current thinking concerning the detailed mechanistic aspects of this polymerisation. Chapter 3 reviews attempts directed to an improvement in tacticity control in the synthesis of poly(bis(trifluoromethyl)norbomadiene). The synthesis and activity of the new well-defined initiators used in these studies are reported. It is shown that varying the nature of the ancillary Ligands surrounding the metal centre can have a dramatic influence on the tacticity of the resulting polymer. Chapter 4 reports studies directed to an examination of the limits of the well controlled synthesis of poly(bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene). The syntheses of high trans and high cis, highly tactic poly(bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene samples using well-defined initiating systems are described. It is shown that by varying the monomerinitiator ratio, samples with a wide range of molecular weights can be achieved and these are reported. Chapter 5 describes experiments concerning the ROMP of fluorinated monomers containing six membered rings. In particular ROMP studies of the monomers, 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene . and 2,3- (tetrafluorobenzo)bicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene are described finally, Chapter 6 provides a summary of the work reported and outlines some ideas for future studies.
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Heussner, Alexandra H. "Unravelling the ochratoxin enigma." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2015. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/5335/.
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Ochratoxins are a group of nephrotoxins produced by a variety of moulds and were first described in 1965 [1]. Dietary exposure to ochratoxins represents a serious health issue and has been associated with several human and animal diseases including porcine nephropathy, Human Endemic Nephropathies and urinary tract tumours in humans. More than 20 years ago, ochratoxin A (OTA) - the most prominent member of this toxin family - was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents and since then extensive research has been performed in order to investigate whether OTA acts by a DNA reactive mode of action. Only recently, this theory has been conclusively disproven and a non-genotoxic mechanism is currently widely accepted for renal toxicity and carcinogenicity of OTA. The work presented in this thesis contributed to this field of science in various ways. First of all, new renal in vitro models were established and existing models were improved for the investigation of renal ochratoxin toxicity. Using these models, the in vitro effects of various OTA exposure scenarios were investigated and endpoints included amongst others general cytotoxicity, cell cycle analysis, protein binding and toxin transport. In all of these studies, distinct species- and sex-differences were observed which mirrored the observed effects in vivo described in literature. Furthermore, the differential toxicity of ochratoxin group members was investigated, the results of which inferred a need for specific detection of OTA and OTB. Due to the lack of such a detection tool, a new, highly specific and sensitive OTB-ELISA was successfully developed based on an OTB-specific monoclonal antibody produced and characterised in our laboratory. This tool allows screening of OTB in food and feed products, which will further improve detection and risk assessment. All of these studies contributed to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of ochratoxin toxicity. Therefore, this thesis can be seen as a fundamental part of a paradigm change on our understanding of how ochratoxins exert their harmful long-term effects in humans and animals, thus elucidating the ochratoxin enigma.
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Musa, Aliyu. "The role of political, socio-economic factors and the media in Nigeria's inter-religious conflict." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/5335/.
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This study is about the coverage of religious conflict in Nigerian newspapers. Although it was not originally intended to compare the coverage of the conflicts between papers in the North and those in the South of Nigeria, the perceived differential situations of the media in the two regions necessitated such a comparison. It is a qualitative research project consisting of three studies: First, there was a comparative critical examination, through critical discourse analysis, of the reports by two newspapers, THISDAY and Daily Trust, during the November 2008 religious violence in Jos, a central Nigerian city. Second, by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis interview data obtained through the semi-structured technique from Nigeria were critically analysed. Third, also applying interpretative phenomenological analysis data obtained by means of focus group interviewing from Nigeria were critically analysed. The results in all three cases suggest the newspapers are regionally, ethnically and religiously inclined; they are particularly affected by factors like ownership, location, staffing and audience perception, which determine how they tailor reports; the newspapers are not usually the cause of religious crises but they stoke the problem through biased and sometimes inflammatory reports; and, although, they are very vibrant factors like Nigeria’s economic recession, political culture – arguably comprising of violence, corruption and tribalism – and new media/technology and so on, contribute towards making their role in the conflicts one of amplification rather than mitigation. The thesis also suggests the application of Allport’s (1954) contact hypothesis using the media as a conduit towards de-emphasising dissimilarities, while emphasising similarities to reduce tension and prevent conflict.
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James, Lara. "An investigation into 'green' energetic materials, by the synthesis of novel main group coordination compounds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5335/.
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Maeiyat, Mohammad Mehdi <1980>. "A projection into the ideas and technologies of "non-place" and "space of flow" in urban context." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5335/.
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The meaning of a place has been commonly assigned to the quality of having root (rootedness) or sense of belonging to that setting. While on the contrary, people are nowadays more concerned with the possibilities of free moving and networks of communication. So, the meaning, as well as the materiality of architecture has been dramatically altered with these forces. It is therefore of significance to explore and redefine the sense and the trend of architecture at the age of flow.
In this dissertation, initially, we review the gradually changing concept of "place-non-place" and its underlying technological basis. Then we portray the transformation of meaning of architecture as influenced by media and information technology and advanced methods of mobility, in the dawn of 21st century. Against such backdrop, there is a need to sort and analyze architectural practices in response to the triplet of place-non-place and space of flow, which we plan to achieve conclusively.
We also trace the concept of flow in the process of formation and transformation of old cities. As a brilliant case study, we look at Persian Bazaar from a socio-architectural point of view. In other word, based on Robert Putnam's theory of social capital, we link social context of the Bazaar with architectural configuration of cities. That is how we believe "cities as flow" are not necessarily a new paradigm.
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Klausnitzer, Bernhard, and Jan Stegner. "Hirschkäfer." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176969.
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Der Hirschkäfer ist der größte und markanteste heimische Käfer und in vielen Regionen sehr selten geworden. Diesen typischen Bewohner alter Laub- und Obstbäume sowie ihrer Stubben und Wurzeln stellt die reich bebilderte Broschüre vor. Sie macht auf die Gefährdungsursachen aufmerksam und enthält zahlreiche Hinweise, wie Waldbesitzer und Eigentümer oder Nutzer von Grundstücken zur Erhaltung des Lebensraums und damit auch gleichzeitig zum Schutz des Hirschkäfers und vieler anderer Tier- und Pflanzenarten beitragen können.
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Rosich, Oliva Albert. "Sensor placement for fault diagnosis based on structural models: application to a fuel cell stak system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53635.
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The present work aims to increase the diagnosis systems capabilities by choosing the location of sensors in the process. Therefore, appropriate sensor location will lead to better diagnosis performance and implementation easiness. The work is based on structural models ands some simplifications are considered in order to only focus on the sensor placement analysis. Several approaches are studied to solve the sensor placement problem. All of them find the optimal sensor configuration.
The sensor placement techniques are applied to a fuel cell stack system. The model used to describe the behaviour of this system consists of non-linear equations. Furthermore, there are 30 candidate sensors to improve the diagnosis specifications. The results obtained from this case study are used to strength the applicability of the proposed approaches.<br>El present treball té per objectiu incrementar les prestacions dels diagnosticadors mitjançant la localització de sensors en el procés. D'aquesta manera, instal·lant els sensors apropiats s'obtenen millors diagnosticador i més facilitats d'implementació. El treball està basat en models estructurals i contempla una sèrie de simplificacions per tal de entrar-se només en la problemàtica de la localització de sensors. S'utilitzen diversos enfocs per tal de resoldre la localització de sensors, tot ells tenen com objectiu trobar la configuració òptima de sensors.
Les tècniques de localització de sensors són aplicades a un sistema basat en una pila de combustible. El model d'aquest sistema està format per equacions no lineals. A més, hi ha la possibilitat d'instal·lar fins a 30 sensors per tal de millorar la diagnosis del sistema. Degut a aquestes característiques del sistema i del model, els resultats obtinguts mitjançant aquest cas d'estudi reafirmen l'aplicabilitat dels mètodes proposats.
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Umer, Adil. "Sustainability evaluation of transportation infrastructure under uncertainty : a fuzzy-based approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53035.
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The construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure consume significant natural resources, produces considerable waste and uses extensive human capital. Sustainability evaluation of alternative initiatives and policies for developing transportation infrastructure enables decision makers to make informed choices. Despite the availability of numerous sustainability rating tools for roadway infrastructure, there is a need to develop customizable sustainability evaluation tools for informed decision-making. Such tools, unlike the rating systems, ideally need to handle uncertain data, incorporate expert opinion and adapt to project and geographic specific constraints. Deterministic approaches for life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) have been extensively applied to select sustainable pavement alternatives. However, the information used to conduct LCCA and LCA is often imprecise and vague in early project phases. Therefore, certain technique is required to incorporate and propagate such uncertainties so that the reliability of final results is transparent. Unlike probabilistic methods, fuzzy based techniques are more appropriate to handle uncertainties due to vagueness and imprecision in a computationally efficient manner. This study aimed to investigate the use of fuzzy logic to evaluate sustainability under uncertainty at two levels of infrastructures - Roadways as systems and pavements as components. A novel roadway sustainability evaluation framework was developed using indicators from existing green rating system. A customizable excel-based tool was programmed based on the framework to estimate the sustainability index (SI) of roadways under uncertainty using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) technique. The FSE technique enables the tool to evaluate reliable and informative SI by incorporating expert opinion. Moreover, fuzzy composite programming (FCP) technique was used to estimate the life cycle environmental and economic sustainability indices (SIs) from LCA and LCCA of pavement alternatives under uncertainty. The FCP technique improved the reliability of final results by propagating input uncertainties to the outputs. Scenario analysis was performed using FSE and FCP techniques to demonstrate the influence of uncertainties and decision maker’s preferences on the overall SI of roadways and pavements respectively. This study demonstrated a compelling utility of fuzzy-based techniques to evaluate sustainability under uncertainty in the early project phases for informed decision-making.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Engineering, School of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Hoiles, William August. "Modeling the bioelectronic interface in engineered tethered membranes : biosensing and the electrophysiological response." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53535.
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The unifying theme of this thesis is the construction and predictive models of four novel tethered membrane measurement platforms: (i) the Ion Channel Switch (ICS) biosensor for detecting the presence of analyte molecules in a fluid chamber, (ii) a Pore Formation Measurement Platform (PFMP) for detecting the presence of pore forming proteins and peptides, (iii) a Controlled Electroporation Measurement Device (CED) that provides reliable measurements of the electroporation phenomenon, and (iv) an Electrophysiological Response Platform (ERP) to measure the response of ion channels and cells to an electrical stimulus. Common to all four measurement platforms is that they are comprised of an engineered tethered membrane that is formed via a rapid solvent exchange technique developed by Dr. Bruce Cornell allowing the platform to have a lifetime of several months. The membrane is tethered to a gold electrode bioelectronic interface that includes an ionic reservoir separating the membrane and gold surface, allowing the membrane to mimic the physiological response of natural cell membranes. The electrical response of the ICS, PFMP, CED, and ERP are predicted using coarse-grained molecular dynamics, continuum theories for electrodiffusive flow, and macroscopic fractional order models. Experimental measurements are used to validate the predictive accuracy of the dynamic models. These include using the PFMP for measuring the pore formation dynamics of the antimicrobial peptide PGLa and the protein toxin α-Hemolysin; the ICS biosensor for measuring nano-molar concentrations of streptavidin, ferritin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (pregnancy hormone hCG); the CED for measuring electroporation of membranes with different tethering densities, and membrane compositions; and the ERP for measuring the response of the voltage-gated NaChBac ion channel, and the response of skeletal myoblasts which are attractive donor cells for cardiomyoplasty. We envisage the tethered membrane and atomistic-to-observable dynamic models presented in this thesis to be invaluable for the future development of membrane based biosensors.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Brandt, Eduardo. "Resposta acústicas de cinco passeriformes submetidos aos ruídos antropogênicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/53035.
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Orientadora : Drª. Lilian Tonelli Manica<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 27/06/2017<br>Inclui referências : f. 12-14<br>Resumo: O ruído do ambiente pode prejudicar severamente a comunicação acústica dos animais. As principais fontes de ruído antropogênico são as indústrias e os meios de transporte. O ruído do tráfego pode causar impactos negativos nas populações de aves, levando à modificações nas vocalizações para evitar o mascaramento do som. Estudos indicam que o mascaramento pode interferir na comunicação, na defesa, na navegação e até na atração de parceiros. Nosso objetivo é testar se a vocalização das aves varia de acordo com o nível de ruído antropogênico. Entre outubro de 2015 e dezembro de 2016, realizamos gravações de 173 indivíduos das seguintes espécies: Turdus rufiventris (n=34), Zonotrichia capensis (n=32), Troglodytes musculus (n=45), Sicalis flaveola (n=24) e Pitangus sulphuratus (n=38). Os níveis de ruído em cada local de gravação foram obtidos através de um medidor de nível sonoro. Gravamos vocalizações dos indivíduos em 10 locais dentro da cidade de Curitiba, PR e em três locais rurais, distantes pelo menos 10 quilômetros de qualquer centro urbano. Para realizar as gravações, utilizamos um gravador digital Marantz PMD 661 acoplado a um microfone unidirecional Sennheiser K6/ME67 e o software Raven Pro® para analisar os seguintes parâmetros acústicos das vocalizações: duração, pico de frequência, frequência mínima e frequência máxima das notas e do canto. Realizamos análises de regressão linear para avaliar a influência do ruído nos parâmetros do canto e das notas e, também, análises de correlação entre as variáveis resposta. Nossos resultados indicam que Z. capensis aumenta a frequência de algumas notas em locais com alto ruído, enquanto que T. rufiventris canta com notas em frequências mais baixas. Troglodytes musculus pode alterar a duração do canto quando os ruídos são altos. Sicalis flaveola aumenta a frequência mínima e o pico de frequência do canto. Por fim, P. sulphuratus canta com notas em frequências maiores e duração do canto também aumenta quando os ruídos são elevados. Nossos resultados mostram evidências de várias adaptações onde os animais tendem a maximizar a transmissão de seus sinais de acordo com o ambiente em que vivem. Palavras chave: Urbanização, Aves, Vocalizações, Plasticidade.<br>Abstract: Environmental noise can severely damage the acoustic communication of animals. Industries and traffic are the main sources of anthropogenic noise. Traffic noise can cause negative impacts on bird populations, leading to changes in their vocalizations to prevent the masking of their sound. Studies have indicated that masking can interfere the communication, defense, navigation and even sexual partner attraction. This study aimed to test if bird vocalization varies according to the level of anthropogenic noise. From October 2015 to December 2016, we recorded sounds of 173 individuals of the following species: Turdus rufiventris (n=34), Zonotrichia capensis (n=32), Troglodytes musculus (n=45), Sicalis flaveola (n=24) and Pitangus sulphuratus (n=38). Noise levels were obtained using a sound level meter in each recording location. We recorded bird vocalizations in 10 locations in the city of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil, and in three rural locations, distant at least 10 kilometers from any urban center. We used Marantz PMD 661 digital recorder coupled to a Sennheiser K6/ME67 unidirectional microphone to make the recordings, and the Raven Pro® software to analyze the following acoustic parameters of vocalizations: duration, peak frequency, minimum and maximum frequencies of notes and songs. We used linear regression analysis to evaluate the influence of noise on parameters of notes and songs, as well as correlation analysis between response variables. We found that Z. capensis increases the frequency of notes in places with high noise, whereas T. rufiventris produces notes in lower frequencies. Troglodytes musculus can change its song duration when noises are higher. Under this same condition, S. flaveola increases the minimum frequency and peak frequency of its songs. Finally, P. sulphuratus produce notes at higher frequencies and longer songs when noises are high. In sum, we found evidence of bird adaptations to maximize the transmission of their signals according to the environment in which they live. Keywords: Urbanization, Birds, Vocalizations, Plasticity.
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Pandian, Babu Vinod Babu. "High-solids, mixed-matrix hollow fiber sorbents for CO₂ capture." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53435.
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Post-combustion carbon capture, wherein the CO2 produced as a result of coal combustion is trapped at the power plant exhaust, is seen as a bridging technology to reduce CO2 emissions and combat climate change. This capture process will however impose a parasitic load on the power plant and technologies need to be developed to minimize this energy penalty. This research focuses on a technology which uses solid sorbents fashioned into a hollow fiber form that allows water-moderated thermal cycling as a means of trapping CO2 from flue gas. While hollow fiber technology has intrinsic advantages over competing liquid amine and packed bed technologies, the materials used to fabricate hollow fibers and the fabrication process itself need to be optimized in order to result in competitive, robust hollow fiber sorbents. This dissertation focuses on the material selection process for each component of the hollow fiber platform and discusses ways to optimize the fiber and barrier layer formation. Different materials were evaluated to function as the solid sorbent, the matrix polymer and the barrier layer; and eventually their performance was measured against past work in this area.
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Chen, Chen. "Synthesis and improvement of high performance PVC and PVDF ultrafiltration membranes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53535.
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The applications of membrane technologies have dramatically increased during the last few decades due to technology improvement and cost reduction. Membrane applications can be found in water and wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical industry, chemical processing industry, food industry, etc. However, the membrane technology faces two major challenges: membrane fouling and membrane lifetime. During the membrane filtration process, membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter (NOM) is an inevitable phenomenon, and physical cleaning or chemical cleaning are required for recovering the performance of membrane. As a result of these cleaning processes, membrane lifetime is shortened. For this reason, it is necessary to improve membrane's fouling resistance and lifetime in order to apply membrane technology in large-scale facilities.
This dissertation focuses on improving the fouling resistance and flux performance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Specifically, it is comprised of four parts. First, I prepared PVC membranes by adding different amounts of amphiphilic copolymer (Pluronic F 127) into PVC casting solutions. I optimized the performance of PVC membranes by changing the amount of Pluronic F127 used in the casting solution. The results show that with the increase of Pluronic F 127 content, the pore size and pore density both decrease. Moreover, the membrane surface becomes more hydrophilic as indicated by lower contact angles. In addition, the PVC membrane exhibits remarkable antifouling characteristics after adding Pluronic F 127. Second, I synthesized PVDF membranes by adding PVDF graft poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) (PVDF-g-PEGMA) as additive in casting solutions via the phase inversion method. The synthesized PVDF membranes have unique pillar-like structures on surfaces, which gives the PVDF membrane a defect-free feature and allows it to generate high flux under low pressure. Third, I investigated the forming mechanism of the pillar-like structure from aspects of solvent and additive. Finally, I investigated the influence of PEGMA dose on the performance of PVDF membranes. I changed the amount of PEGMA used in the casting solution and compared the performance of the synthesized PVDF membranes.
To summarize, this dissertation has deepened our understanding of how to improve the fouling resistance and flux performance of PVC membranes and PVDF membranes by using amphiphilic copolymer. In addition, the PVDF membrane I synthesized has unique pillar-like structures that give it defect-free and high flux properties. Overall, the results of this study provide valuable information for PVC and PVDF membrane synthesis for large-scale production.
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Oludare, Simisola O. "The influence of rocker profile footwear on rollover during walking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53735.
Full textAbstract:
Rocker profiles are one of the most commonly prescribed footwear modifications provided to individuals with impaired rollover. Impaired rollover is caused due to loss of neuromuscular function (i.e. stoke) or orthotic ankle constraint. When rollover is impaired, continued forward progression is interrupted and walking gait becomes less efficient (i.e. increased energy expenditure). Rocker profile footwear modifications are designed to mimic the functions of the anatomical ankle-foot rockers and provide its users with a smooth and efficient rollover. However, while there is theory governing the design of a rocker profile and subjective descriptions of rocker profile function, the extent to which a rocker profile footwear provides rollover has not yet been quantified. The aim of this study was to quantify effective and ineffective rollover and test whether our rocker profile provides effective rollover. We hypothesized that healthy subjects (n=4) walking with orthotic ankle constraint and the rocker profile (STOP) would have no change in rollover and energy expenditure outputs compared to walking with orthotic ankle free and rocker profile (FREE); but that healthy subjects (n=4) walking in STOP would have a change in rollover and energy expenditure outputs compared to walking with orthotic ankle constraint and no rocker profile (STOP-NR). To test this hypothesis, rollover was quantified as stance phase duration, cadence and radius of curvature and energy expenditure was quantified as heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. In addition to these outputs, we analyzed the ground reaction forces and duration of stance in early, middle and late stance period to determine the effects of the rocker profile footwear components. Through the rollover and energy expenditure outputs of the STOP, FREE and STOP-NR conditions, we quantified effective rollover as 0.29 (0.01) radius of curvature with a heart rate of 110.5(6.7) bpm and ineffective rollover as 0.69(0.12) radius of curvature with a heart rate of 131.5 (8.1) bpm. By creating this scale, we were able to determine that our rocker profile provided effective rollover (0.34[0.04] radius of curvature with a heart rate of 111.3[8.3] bpm). However, a future study with a greater sample size is needed to confirm these results.
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Zeng, Bei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Quantum operations and codes beyond the Stabilizer-Clifford framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53235.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-196).<br>The discovery of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) and the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) have greatly improved the long-term prospects for quantum communication and computation technology. Stabilizer codes, a quantum analogue of classical additive codes, are the most important class of QECCs. These codes have dominated the study of quantum error-correction and fault-tolerance ever since the discovery of QECC-FTQC in the mid-1990s. The dominance of stabilizer codes is not only due to their simple construction based on Abelian groups, but also because of the simplicity with which operations in the Clifford group can be performed on them. However, practical QECC-FTQC schemes neither achieve the maximum theoretical communication rate despite the noise nor do they allow sufficient gate failure probability to meet the needs of our current technology. Therefore, it is necessary to go beyond this framework to seek for new QECC-FTQC techniques. This thesis develops a systematic study of QECC-FTQC beyond the Stabilizer-Clifford framework, building on both well-known results and recent theoretical advances. Our new systematic theory includes two main parts. The first part provides further understanding of quantum operations on stabilizer codes, that is, the "minimal subcodes+semi-Clifford operations" theory for studying non-Clifford operations on stabilizer codes. The other part deals with the construction of QECCs, that is, the codeword stabilized (CWS) quantum codes framework combined with the generalized concatenation method for constructing good nonadditive (and stabilizer) quantum codes.<br>(cont.) Our theory successfully tackles some important open problems in the field (such as a proof of the "transversality versus universality problem for stabilizer codes", and a systematic method for constructing good nonadditive QECCs), and makes progress on many other related open problems (such as the LU-LC equivalence problem for stabilizer codes, and the Ck structure problem). We believe that our theory sheds light on deriving novel QECC-FTQC schemes that will bring us closer to implementing reliable quantum communication systems and building large-scale quantum computers.<br>by Bei Zeng.<br>Ph.D.
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Chechelnitsky, Michael Y. (Michael Yurievich) 1972. "Global barotropic variability of the ocean in response to atmospheric forcing based on multichannel regression and Kalman filter techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53535.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).<br>by Michael Chechelnitsky.<br>M.S.
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Reshef, David N. "VisuaLyzer : an approach for rapid visualization and analysis of epidemiological data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53135.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-113).<br>The ability to capture, store, and manage massive amounts of data is changing virtually every aspect of science, technology, and medicine. This new 'data age' calls for innovative methods to mine and interact with information. VisuaLyzer is a platform designed to identify and investigate meaningful relationships between variables within large datasets through rapid, dynamic, and intelligent data exploration. VisuaLyzer uses four key steps in its approach: 1. Data management: Enabling rapid and robust loading, managing, combining, and altering of multiple databases using a customized database management system. 2. Exploratory Data Analysis: Applying existing and novel statistics and machine learning algorithms to identify and quantify all potential associations among variables across datasets, in a model-independent manner. 3. Rapid, Dynamic Visualization: Using novel methods for visualizing and understanding trends through intuitive, dynamic, real-time visualizations that allow for the simultaneous analysis of up to ten variables. 4. Intelligent Hypothesis Generation: Using computer-identified correlations, together with human intuition gathered through human interaction with visualizations, to intelligently and automatically generate hypotheses about data. VisuaLyzer's power to simultaneously analyze and visualize massive amounts of data has important applications in the realm of epidemiology, where there are many large complex datasets collected from around the world, and an important need to elicit potential disease-defining factors from within these datasets.<br>(cont.) Researchers can use VisuaLyzer to identify variables that may directly, or indirectly, influence disease emergence, characteristics, and interactions, representing a fundamental first step toward a new approach to data exploration. As a result, the CDC, the Clinton Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health have employed VisuaLyzer as a means of investigating the dynamics of disease transmission.<br>by David N. Reshef.<br>M.Eng.
25
Chen, Yijian. "Storm tracks, baroclinic waves propagation and their interannual variability in the northern hemisphere." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53035.
Full text
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Sim, Jae Woong. "Architecting heterogeneous memory systems with 3D die-stacked memory." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53835.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this research is to efficiently enable 3D die-stacked memory and heterogeneous memory systems. 3D die-stacking is an emerging technology that allows for large amounts of in-package high-bandwidth memory storage. Die-stacked memory has the potential to provide extraordinary performance and energy benefits for computing environments, from data-intensive to mobile computing. However, incorporating die-stacked memory into computing environments requires innovations across the system stack from hardware and software. This dissertation presents several architectural innovations to practically deploy die-stacked memory into a variety of computing systems.
First, this dissertation proposes using die-stacked DRAM as a hardware-managed cache in a practical and efficient way. The proposed DRAM cache architecture employs two novel techniques: hit-miss speculation and self-balancing dispatch. The proposed techniques virtually eliminate the hardware overhead of maintaining a multi-megabytes SRAM structure, when scaling to gigabytes of stacked DRAM caches, and improve overall memory bandwidth utilization.
Second, this dissertation proposes a DRAM cache organization that provides a high level of reliability for die-stacked DRAM caches in a cost-effective manner. The proposed DRAM cache uses error-correcting code (ECCs), strong checksums (CRCs), and dirty data duplication to detect and correct a wide range of stacked DRAM failures—from traditional bit errors to large-scale row, column, bank, and channel failures—within the constraints of commodity, non-ECC DRAM stacks. With only a modest performance degradation compared to a DRAM cache with no ECC support, the proposed organization can correct all single-bit failures, and 99.9993% of all row, column, and bank failures.
Third, this dissertation proposes architectural mechanisms to use large, fast, on-chip memory structures as part of memory (PoM) seamlessly through the hardware. The proposed design achieves the performance benefit of on-chip memory caches without sacrificing a large fraction of total memory capacity to serve as a cache. To achieve this, PoM implements the ability to dynamically remap regions of memory based on their access patterns and expected performance benefits.
Lastly, this dissertation explores a new usage model for die-stacked DRAM involving a hybrid of caching and virtual memory support. In the common case where system’s physical memory is not over-committed, die-stacked DRAM operates as a cache to provide performance and energy benefits to the system. However, when the workload’s active memory demands exceed the capacity of the physical memory, the proposed scheme dynamically converts the stacked DRAM cache into a fast swap device to avoid the otherwise grievous performance penalty of swapping to disk.
27
Edgar, Christopher A. "An adaptive Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method for time-dependent discrete ordinate transport." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53935.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on the development and implementation of a new method to solve the time-dependent form of the linear Boltzmann transport equation for reactor transients. This new method allows for a stable solution to the fully explicit form of the transport equation with delayed neutrons by employing an error-controlled, adaptive Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method to differentiate the time domain. Allowing for the time step size to vary adaptively and as needed to resolve the time-dependent behavior of the angular flux and neutron precursor concentrations. The RKF expansion of the time domain occurs at each point and is coupled with a Source Iteration to resolve the spatial behavior of the angular flux at the specified point in time. The decoupling of the space and time domains requires the application of a quasi-static iteration between solving the time domain using adaptive RKF with error control and resolving the space domain with a Source Iteration sweep. The research culminated with the development of the 1-D Adaptive Runge-Kutta Time-Dependent Transport code (ARKTRAN-TD), which successfully implemented the new method and applied it to a suite of reactor transient benchmarks.
28
Visagie, Linette (Linette Louise). "The macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53135.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces one of the world's most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics. Whereas the
disease was initially only regarded as a serious health crisis, it is now clear that the epidemic
will also have economic repercussions. The objective of this study is to project the extent of the
macro-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa over the next 10 to 15 years.
The study commences with a discussion of the key characteristics of HIV/AIDS and
the current status of the epidemic in South Africa. The demographic inputs used are based on
projections produced by the HIV/AIDS model of Metropolitan Life (the Doyle model). The
methodology and key assumptions behind the Doyle model are described briefly, after which
the demographic projections are presented and discussed.
The paper contains a summary of previous approaches to modelling the economic
impact of HIV/AIDS, as well as a presentation and discussion of their simulation results. In
reviewing the available literature on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS, it becomes apparent
that researchers have not yet reached consensus on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in
South Africa - estimates of the impact on GDP growth range anywhere between a reduction of
0.3 and 2.0 percentage points over the next 10 to 15 years.
The approach that is used in modelling the economic impact of HIV/AIDS in this
study comprises the following: Firstly, a no-AIDS forecast of the South African economy is
generated using the annual macro-econometric forecasting model of the Bureau for Economic
Research. Secondly, the channels through which the epidemic would likely impact on the
economy are identified and modelled. These include slower growth in the population and the
labour force; higher employee benefit contributions by employers and employees; indirect
costs to the private and public sectors (e.g. lower productivity and higher recruitment and
training costs); and higher health and welfare expenditure by the government, as well as an
increase in tax rates. The economic effects of each impact channel are analysed
independently, after which the different impact channels are combined in the model for the
aggregated AIDS inclusive simulation. The results are presented in the form of comparisons
between "no-AIDS" and "AIDS" projections for key economic variables for the period 2001 to
2015. The paper also contains results from a macro-economic sensitivity analysis, in which seven of the key assumptions are altered in order to test the sensitivity of the model to these
changes.
Simulation results indicate that the epidemic will have a negative impact on
economic growth in South Africa - real GDP growth could fall from a projected average of
3.7% over the period 2002-2015 without HIV/AIDS to between 3.4% and 3.1 % per year with
HIV/AIDS. In contrast, real per capita GDP growth is projected to be 0.7 to 1.0 percentage
points higher compared to a no-AIDS scenario, as the adverse impact of the epidemic on the
population will outweigh the negative impact on real GDP.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika staar een van die wêreld se ernstigste MIV/VIGS epidemies in die gesig.
Aanvanklik is die siekte slegs as 'n erge gesondheidskrisis beskou, maar vandag is dit duidelik
dat die epidemie ook ekonomiese gevolge sal hê. Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die
omvang van die makro-ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS oor die volgende 10 tot 15 jaar in
Suid-Afrika te beraam.
Die proefskrif begin met 'n bespreking van die belangrikste eienskappe van
MIV/VIGS en die huidige stand van die epidemie in Suid-Afrika. Die demografiese insette wat
gebruik word, is gebaseer op projeksies van Metropolitan se MIV/VIGS model (die Doyle
model). Die metodiek en die sleutel aannames van die Doyle model word kortliks bespreek,
waarna die demografiese projeksies aangebied en bespreek word.
Die studie bevat 'n opsomming van benaderings wat van te vore gebruik is om die
ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS te modelleer, asook 'n voorlegging en 'n bespreking van
hul resultate. 'n Oorsig van beskikbare literatuur oor die ekonomiese impak van MIV/VIGS
bring aan die lig dat daar in werkilikheid nog geen konsensus oor die omvang van die impak
op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie bereik is nie. Beramings van die impak op BBP groei oor die
volgende 10 tot 15 jaar wissel van 'n vermindering met 0.3 tot 2.0 persentasie punte.
Die benadering wat in hierdie studie gevolg word om die ekonomiese impak van
HIV/VIGS te modelleer behels die volgende: Eerstens word 'n vooruitskatting van die Suid-
Afrikaanse ekonomie sonder MIV/VIGS gegenereer met die hulp van die makroekonometriese
vooruitskattings model van die Buro vir Ekonomiese Ondersoek. Die tweede
stap behels die identifisering en die modellering van die verskillende kanale waardeur die
epidemie moontlik die ekonomie kan affekteer. Dit sluit onder andere die volgende in:
stadiger groei in die populasie en die arbeidsmag; hoër bydraes deur werkgewers en
werknemers aan werknemer-bystandfondse; indirekte onkostes vir die privaat en openbare
sektore (bv. laer produktiviteit en hoër werwings- en opleidings koste); 'n toename in
staatsbesteding op gesondheids en welsyns dienste; asook 'n styging in belastingkoerse. Die
ekonomiese implikasies van elkeen van die kanale word individueelontleed, waarna die verskillende kanale saamgevoeg word vir die oorkoepelende simulasie. Die resultate word
aangebied in die vorm van vergelykings tussen "geen-VIGS" en "VIGS" projeksies vir sleutel
ekonomiese veranderlikes oor die periode 2001-2015. Die proefskrif bevat ook 'n
voorlegging van die resultate van 'n makro-ekonomiese sensitiviteits ontleding, waarin sewe
van die sleutel aannames verander is met die doelom die gevoeligheid van die model vir
hierdie veranderinge te bepaal.
Die resultate toon dat die epidemie 'n negatiewe uitwerking op ekonomiese groei in
Suid-Afrika sal hê - die gemiddelde groeikoers in die reële BBP oor die periode 2001-2015
mag daal van 'n geprojekteerde 3.7% sonder MIV/VIGS tot tussen 3.4% en 3.1 % met
MIV/VIGS. In teenstelling toon die resultate dat die gemiddelde groeikoers in per capita reële
BBP tussen 0.7 en 1.0 persentasie punte hoër mag wees vergeleke met die "geen-VIGS"
scenario. Die toename in per capita BBP groei kan toegeskryf word aan die skerp daling in
die groei van die populasie as gevolg van MIV/VIGS.
29
Mans, Gerbrand. "Old institution meets new technology : GIS for quantifying church roles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53535.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)-- tellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa today is facing many social and welfare problems. Three of which are very
prominent: named HIV/Aids; unemployment; and sexual and/or violent crimes against
woman and children. With churches being some of the biggest and most influential nongovernmental
organizations in the country, government is increasingly acknowledging that
churches have a very important role to play in order to help curb social and welfare problems
in the community. One inhibiting factor keeps churches from playing the role that government
is expecting of them: the roles and expected roles of churches have not been quantified
sufficiently.
A geographical information system was chosen to help in this process of quantification.
Previous studies related to GIS being used by social and welfare services showed that this
software give these service agencies a powerful new way to analyse services in relation to
clients and the communities in which they operate. The crux throughout the study is the
process by which it is shown how a GIS can be used and is central from the process of data
gathering, storing and manipulation of the gathered data, deriving information from it,
through to communicating and visualising the obtained results.
Key words: geographical information systems; GIS; ArcGIS; Statistica; Microsoft
Access; church; NGO; social services; social problems; welfare services; welfare problems;
data base; data base management systems; geodatabase; Factor Analysis; quantification<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hedendaagse Suid Afrika is daar 'n menigte van sosiale en maatskaplike probleme. Drie
van die prominentste van die probleme is MN/Vigs, werkloosheid en seksuele en/of
geweldsmisdade teen vroue en kinders. Kerke is van die grootste en mees invloedryke nieregeringsorganisasies
in Suid Afrika. Die regering besef al meer dat kerke 'n belangrike rol
kan speel in die aanspreek van die sosiale en maatskaplike probleme van die land. Daar is
egter 'n inhiberende faktor wat kerke daarvan weerhou om dié rol te speel wat die regering
van hul verwag; en dit is die feit dat die rol wat kerke speel, en die rol wat die publiek verwag
kerke moet speel, nog nie gekwantifiseer is nie.
'n Geografiese inligting stelsel is gekies om te help in die proses van kwantifisering. Vorige
studies waar daar gekyk is na die gebruik van GIS deur sosiale en maatskaplike dienste het
aangedui dat die sagteware hierdie dienste 'n effektiewe en innoverende wyse gee waardeur
hul dienste ontleed en gemonitor kan word. In die studie word gewys hoe 'n GIS gebruik kan
word en sentraal is in die prosesse van data insameling, stoor en manipulasie van die
ingesamelde data, hoe data omgesit word in inligting en laastens die kommunikasie en
visualisering van die resultate wat verkry word.
30
Bull, J. J. D. "A comparison of two different model checking techniques." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53235.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Model checking is a computer-aided verification technique that is used to verify properties
about the formal description of a system automatically. This technique has been applied
successfully to detect subtle errors in reactive systems. Such errors are extremely difficult to
detect by using traditional testing techniques. The conventional method of applying model
checking is to construct a model manually either before or after the implementation of a
system. Constructing such a model requires time, skill and experience. An alternative method
is to derive a model from an implementation automatically.
In this thesis two techniques of applying model checking to reactive systems are compared,
both of which have problems as well as advantages. Two specific strategies are compared in
the area of protocol development:
1. Structuring a protocol as a transition system, modelling the system, and then deriving
an implementation from the model.
2. Automatically translating implementation code to a verifiable model.
Structuring a reactive system as a transition system makes it possible to verify the control flow
of the system at implementation level-as opposed to verifying the control flow at abstract
level. The result is a closer correspondence between implementation and specification (model).
At the same time testing, which is restricted to small, independent code fragments that
manipulate data, is simplified significantly.
The construction of a model often takes too long; therefore, verification results may no longer
be applicable when they become available. To address this problem, the technique of automated
model extraction was suggested. This technique aims to reduce the time required to
construct a model by minimising manual input during model construction.
A transition system is a low-level formalism and direct execution through interpretation is feasible. However, the overhead of interpretation is the major disadvantage of this technique.
With automated model extraction there are disadvantages too. For example, differences
between the implementation and specification languages-such as constructs present in the
implementation language that cannot be expressed in the modelling language-make the
development of an automated model extraction tool extremely difficult.
In conclusion, the two techniques are compared against a set of software development considerations.
Since a specific technique is not always preferable, guidelines are proposed to help
select the best approach in different circumstances.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Modeltoetsing is 'n rekenaargebaseerde verifikasietegniek wat gebruik word om eienskappe
rakende 'n formele spesifikasie van 'n stelsel te verifieer. Die tegniek is al suksesvol toegepas
om subtiele foute in reaktiewe stelsels op te spoor. Sulke foute word uiters moeilik opgespoor
as tradisionele toetsings tegnieke gebruik word. Tradisioneel word modeltoetsing toegepas
deur 'n model te bou voor of na die implementasie van 'n stelsel. Om'n model te bou
verg tyd, vernuf en ervaring. 'n Alternatiewe metode is om outomaties 'n model van 'n
implementasie af te lei.
In hierdie tesis word twee toepassingstegnieke van modeltoetsing vergelyk, waar beide tegnieke
beskik oor voordele sowel as nadele. Twee strategieë word vergelyk in die gebied van protokol
ontwikkeling:
1. Om 'n protokol as 'n oorgangsstelsel te struktureer, dit te moduleer en dan 'n implementasie
van die model af te lei.
2. Om outomaties 'n verifieerbare model van 'n implementasie af te lei.
Om 'n reaktiewe stelsel as 'n oorgangsstelsel te struktureer maak dit moontlik om die kontrolevloei
op implementasie vlak te verifieer-in teenstelling met verifikasie van kontrolevloei
op 'n abstrakte vlak. Die resultaat is 'n nouer band wat bestaan tussen die implementasie en
die spesifikasie. Terselfdetyd word toetsing, wat beperk word tot klein, onafhanklike kodesegmente
wat data manupileer, beduidend vereenvoudig.
Die konstruksie van 'n model neem soms te lank; gevolglik, wanneer die verifikasieresultate
beskikbaar word, is dit dalk nie meer toepaslik op die huidige weergawe van 'n implementasie
nie. Om die probleem aan te spreek is 'n tegniek om modelle outomaties van implementasies
af te lei, voorgestel. Die doel van die tegniek is om die tyd wat dit neem om 'n model te bou
te verminder deur handtoevoer tot 'n minimum te beperk. 'n Oorgangsstelsel is 'n laevlak formalisme en direkte uitvoering deur interpretasie is wesenlik.
Die oorhoofse koste van die interpreteerder is egter die grootste nadeel van die tegniek. Daar is
ook nadele wat oorweeg moet word rakende die tegniek om outomaties modelle van implementasies
af te lei. Byvoorbeeld, verskille tussen die implementasietaal en spesifikasietaal=-soos
byvoorbleed konstrukte wat in die implementasietaal gebruik word wat nie in die modeleringstaal
voorgestel kan word nie-vrnaak die ontwikkeling van 'n modelafieier uiters moeilik.
As gevolg word die twee tegnieke vergelyk teen 'n stel van programatuurontwikkelingsoorwegings.
Omdat 'n spesifieke tegniek nie altyd voorkeur kan geniet nie, word riglyne voorgestel
om te help met die keuse om die beste tegniek te kies in verskillende omstandighede.
31
Sikhwari, Matodzi Godfrey. "The expressions of gratitude in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53635.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how gratitude expressions may be expressed in Tshivenda.
Studies on the expressions of gratitude have been conducted in various languages.
Politeness is a pragmatic mechanism in which a variety of structures work together
according to the speaker's intention of achieving smooth communication. Speech acts on
the other hand is the same as an illocutionary act (intention of the sender). The same
world can be used to perform different speech acts.
The findings in this study is based on situations in which gratitude is expressed in
response to receiving a reward, gift, favour, service and compliment (Eisentein and
Bodman 1986). Gratitude is expressed when a person benefits from another person.
In this study the data shows consistent use of expressions of gratitude within specific
contexts. The results of this study are consistently interpretable in that the bigger the
imposition on the giver, the more polite expressions are employed. Gratitude expressions
have been analysed from gratitude functions. These functions include the following:
Thanking, appreciations, liking, surprise, generosity, pleasure, indebtedness, relief, desire,
caring, enthusiasm, reciprocate, reason, reassurance and compliment.
In Tshivenda thanks, pleasure and appreciation have a high frequency and these gratitude
functions show extreme politeness of the Venda people. There are also certain functions
in Tshivenda which have a very low frequency, i.e. reason, desire, enthusiasm,
reciprocate, generosity and caring. Therefore, they are not considered as possible
gratitude functions in Tshivenda and are also unfamiliar in Tshivenda.<br>AFRRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid in Tshivenda uitgedruk kan
word. Studies oor uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid is gedoen in verskeie tale.
Beleefdheid is 'n pragmatiese meganisme waarin 'n verskeidenheid strukture saamwerk volgens die spreker
se bedoeling om gladde kommunikasie te bewerkstellig. Spraakhandelinge, aan die anderkant, is dieselfde
as illokusionere handelinge (bedoeling van die spreker). Dieselfde woord kan gebruik word om verskillende
Spraakhandelinge uit te voer.
Die bevindinge in hierdie studie is gebaseer op situasies waarin dankbaarheid uitgespreek word as antwoord
op die ontvangs van 'n beloning, geskenk, guns en kompliment (Eisenstein en Bodman, 1986).
Dankbaarheid word uitgedruk wanneer 'n persoon voordeel trek uit 'n ander persoon.
In hierdie studie toon die data eenvormige gebruik van uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid binne spesifieke
kontekste. Die resultate van hierdie studie is telkens interpreteerbaar soos volg: hoe grater die druk op die
gewer, hoe meer beleefd is die dankbaarheids- uitdrukkings. Suike uitdrukkings is geanaliseer vanaf
dankbaarheidsfunksies, naamlik bedanking, waardering, voorkeur, verrassing, vrygewigheid, plesier, skuld,
verligting, begeerte, entoesiasme, wederkerigheid, rede, versekering en kompliment.
In Tshivenda het bedanking, plesier en waardering 'n hoe frekwensie van voorkoms en
hierdie dankbaarheidsuitdrukkings toon die besondere beleefdheid van die Venda. Daar is
ook sekere funksies in Tshivenda wat 'n bate lae frekwensie het, naamlik rede, begeerte,
entoesiasme, wederkerigheid, vrygewigheid en sorg. Dus kan hulle nie beskou word as
moontlike dankbaarheidsfunksies in Tshivenda nie.
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Van, Schalkwyk Gina. "Gendering conflict resolution in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53435.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report documents the results of a study that aims at investigating the potential
contribution of a gender perspective towards conflict resolution. In this regard, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is used as a case in point. The study takes the
form of an exploratory and descriptive study and extensive use is made of both primary and
secondary sources of data.
By arguing that a gender perspective on conflict will elucidate the way in which women are
affected differently by conflict it logically follows that women should be permitted to assume
their rightful positions in attempts at transforming conflict. The application of a gender
perspective furthermore urges a revision of conflict resolution towards conflict management
and transformation as the appropriate ways of bringing an end to war. This implies that the
emphasis is shifted from a search for political solutions towards conflict prevention and early
warning as the most effective ways of pre-empting violent conflict and the breakdown of
peace-processes aimed at resolving violent conflicts. In the search for an appropriate role for
women in conflict management, the study revisits a number of frameworks for the full and
equal participation of women in conflict management at the international, regional and subregional
levels of analysis. These frameworks are then applied to the situation in the DRC
and some practical courses of action are proposed. While the study concludes that there is a
clearly defined need for exposing the gender bias in the analysis and resolution of violent
conflict, it notes that the patriarchal nature of the DRC and the international system will in
many instances hamper progress towards the achievement of a non-patriarchal and nongendered
peaceful social world order.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag dokumenteer die uitkomste van 'n studie wat daarna streef om die
potensiële bydrae van vroue tot konflik resolusie te ondersoek. Tot hierdie end word die
Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo as 'n gevalstudie gebruik. Die navorsings ontwerp is
eksploratories en beskrywend en daar word ekstensief gebruik gemaak van beide primêre en
sekondêre bronne van data.
Deur aan te voer dat 'n gender perspektief op konflik die wyse waarop vroue verskillend
geraak word deur konflik beklemtoon, volg dit logies hierop dat vroue toegelaat behoort te
word om hul regmatig plek in te neem ten tyde van pogings tot konflik transformasie. Die
toepassing van 'n gender perspektief dwing verder ook 'n hersiening van konflik resolusie en
beskou konflik bestuur en transformasie as die gepaste maniere om oorlog tot 'n einde te
bring. Dit bring mee dat daar 'n verskuiwing van klem plaasvind - vanaf 'n soeke na
politieke oplossings na konflik voorkoming en vroeë/tydige waarskuwing as die mees
effektiewe instrumente om geweldadige konflik en die ineenstorting van vredesprosesse te
voorkom. In die soeke na die gepaste rol vir vroue in konflik bestuur, herondersoek die
studie 'n aantal raamwerke vir die volledige en gelyke deelname van vroue in konflik bestuur
op die internasionale, regionale en sub-regionale vlakke van analise. Hierdie raamwerke
word dan toegepas op die situasie in the DRK, en praktiese riglyne word voorgehou. Hoewel
die studie vind dat daar 'n duidelike gedefinieerde behoefte bestaan om die gender
vooroordeel in die analisie en resolusie van konflik te openbaar, word dit ook aanvaar dat
die patriargale aard van die DRK en die internasionale sisteem in die meeste gevalle ware
vooruitgang in die daarstelling van 'n nie-patriargale, gelykregtige, vreedsame sosiale
wêreldorde sal kniehalter.
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Celliers, Cindy. "Riglyne vir die ontwikkeling van 'n intervensieprogram gerig op die jeugoortreder in die gevangenis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53035.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Juvenile offenders have certain characteristics, which separate them from the law
abiding young people. These characteristics, together with the subcultures inside
prison in which they become socialized, can cause dysfunctional development, which
in turn can lead to recidivism. To approach this client system and plan intervention
according to the ecological perspective, the social worker needs to be equipped with a
certain knowledge base. Firstly, knowledge is necessary about the profile of the
juvenile offender. Secondly, the social worker has to understand the impact that a
prison environment can have on the juvenile. Thirdly, it is also important that the
worker knows how these factors can influence the intervention process and also be
aware of different methods to strengthen the social functioning of the juvenile in
pnson.
This study endeavours to create a scientifically based framework for the development
of a strategy for intervention with the juvenile offender, in order to bring about
appropriate social functioning and by doing this, reduce recidivism. The research
includes aspects of all three the recognized types of research, namely: exploratory,
descriptive and explanatory. The profile of the juvenile offender, as well as ways in
which the prison environment impacts on his development was determined by means
of interviews and described in terms of the effect it might have on the intervention
process. The respondents consisted of 11 ex juvenile offenders.
Conclusions and recommendations were made which focussed, amongst others, on the
various phases in the group work process and the development of knowledge
regarding the juvenile offender. This research report can be utilized by social workers
for effective intervention with juvenile offenders in prison.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Jeugoortreders het sekere karaktereienskappe wat hul van wetsgehoorsame jeugdiges
onderskei. Hierdie karaktertrekke, tesame met die gevangeniskultuur waarbinne hul
gesosialiseer word, veroorsaak disfunksionele ontwikkeling wat weer na residivisme
kan lei. Om volgens 'n ekologiese perspektief intervensie met hierdie kliëntsisteem te
benader, is dit eerstens noodsaaklik dat die maatskaplike werker die profiel van die
jeugmisdadiger ken. Tweedens is dit nodig dat die werker die impak van die
gevangenisomgewing op die jeugdige verstaan. Derdens is dit belangrik dat die
werker weet hoe hierdie faktore op die hulpverleningsproses kan impakteer en ook
bewus moet wees van verskeie metodes om die jeugdige in die gevangenis se
maatskaplike funksionering te beïnvloed.
Hierdie studie bevat kenmerke van al drie die erkende navorsingsdoelstellings,
naamlik verkenning, beskrywing en verklaring. Die ondersoek het ten doel om 'n
wetenskaplik gefundeerde raamwerk daar te stel vir die ontwikkeling van 'n
intervensiestrategie ten opsigte van jeugmisdadigers in die gevangenis, ten einde
funksionele maatskaplike funksionering mee te bring en sodoende residivisme te
verminder. Die profiel van die jeugmisdadiger en die impak van die omgewing op sy
ontwikkeling is deur middel van onderhoude bepaal en beskryf in terme van die
invloed wat dit op die intervensieproses kan hê. Respondente in die navorsing het uit
elf vrygelate jeugmisdadigers bestaan.
Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is gemaak wat onder andere gefokus het op die
verskeie fases in die groepwerkproses en ontwikkeling van kennis oor die betrokke
kliëntsisteem. Hierdie navorsingsverslag sal deur maatskaplike werkers benut kan
word vir effektiewe hulpverlening aan jeugdiges in die gevangenis.
34
Sadikhov, Teymur. "Stability, dissipativity, and optimal control of discontinuous dynamical systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53635.
Full textAbstract:
Discontinuous dynamical systems and multiagent systems are encountered in numerous engineering applications. This dissertation develops stability and dissipativity of nonlinear dynamical systems with discontinuous right-hand sides, optimality of discontinuous feed-back controllers for Filippov dynamical systems, almost consensus protocols for multiagent systems with innaccurate sensor measurements, and adaptive estimation algorithms using multiagent network identifiers. In particular, we present stability results for discontinuous dynamical systems using nonsmooth Lyapunov theory. Then, we develop a constructive feedback control law for discontinuous dynamical systems based on the existence of a nonsmooth control Lyapunov function de fined in the sense of generalized Clarke gradients and set-valued Lie derivatives. Furthermore, we develop dissipativity notions and extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov conditions and apply these results to develop feedback interconnection stability results for discontinuous systems. In addition, we derive guaranteed gain, sector, and disk margins for nonlinear optimal and inverse optimal discontinuous feedback regulators that minimize a nonlinear-nonquadratic performance functional for Filippov dynamical systems. Then, we provide connections between dissipativity and optimality of nonlinear discontinuous controllers for Filippov dynamical systems. Furthermore, we address
the consensus problem for a group of agent robots with uncertain interagent measurement data, and show that the agents reach an almost consensus state and converge to a set centered at the centroid of agents initial locations. Finally, we develop an adaptive estimation framework predicated on multiagent network identifiers with undirected and directed graph topologies that identifies the system state and plant parameters online.
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Santos, Alisson Ravaglio. "Abordagens de aprendizado de máquina aplicadas à classificação de dados provenientes de equipamento ekletroencefalográfico não-invasivo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/53435.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Leandro dos Santos Coelho<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica. Defesa: Curitiba, 01/12/2017<br>Inclui referências : f. 109-117<br>Resumo: A interface cérebro-computador (ICC, do inglês brain-computer interfaces, BCIs) tem emergido como uma área promissora de pesquisa. As ICCs podem possibilitar aos seus usuários a capacidade de comunicação e controle que não dependem de músculos. Esta dissertação visa utilizar um eletroencefalograma não-invasivo para, por meio da atividade cerebral das pessoas, controlar um processo denominado pêndulo, utilizando-se de uma abordagem de comunicação entre uma pessoa e uma máquina (interface cérebro-computador) por meio de classificações realizadas por algoritmos de Aprendizado de máquina (Machine Learning). Desta forma, o objetivo principal é desenvolver algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina capazes de classificar dados de um eletroencefalograma para controle de um processo pêndulo. Os algoritmos que foram utilizados na classificação dos sinais são: (i) máquina de aprendizado extremo, (ii) K vizinhos mais próximos, (iii) árvore de decisão, (iv) máquina de vetores de suporte, (v) máquina de vetores de relevância e (vi) XgBoost. Neste contexto, por meio de dados coletados de eletroencefalograma de uma pessoa e com a utilização dos algoritmos de Aprendizado de Máquina que classificam os sinais recebidos, tem-se como objetivo determinar o mínimo de erro possível (de acordo com a acurácia da matriz de confusão) entre as saídas desejadas a as saídas obtidas e, em seguida, gerar comandos para o controle de sistema de pêndulo onde será utilizado um controlador PID (Proporcional, Integral e Derivativo) adaptativo de Dahlin. Os resultados apresentados obtiveram valores de erros baixos, tanto para a acurácia matriz de confusão dos algoritmos quanto para estabelecer o controle do processo do pêndulo, com uma resposta satisfatória, de modo que o erro de saída do controlador, ITAE (Integral of Time Multiplied by the Absolute Value of Error - Integral do erro absoluto vezes o tempo), tenha resultado em um valor baixo com um bom controle do processo. Esta abordagem pode ser promissora e irá servir como base para projetos de sistemas que visam ajudar pessoas com limitações vinculadas de coordenação motora, tais como em casos de pessoas tetraplégicas ou quadriplégicas, que possuem paralisia em todas as quatro extremidades, superiores e inferiores, juntamente à musculatura do tronco, mas que possuem atividade cerebral. Por fim, este trabalho de dissertação visa contribuir com o processo de aquisição dos dados do eletroencefalograma e a utilização de algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para a classificação destes dados, expondo os melhores algoritmos e padrões a serem utilizados no controle de um processo. Palavras-chave: Interface cérebro-computador. Aprendizado de Máquina. Pêndulo.<br>Abstract: The brain-computer interface (BCIs) has emerged as a promising area of research. The ICCs can give their users the ability to communicate and control without depending on muscles. Thus, this work aims to use an electroencephalogram to control a suspended pendulum by means of the brain activity of the people, an approach to a system of communication between a person and a machine (computer-brain interface) through algorithm classifications of machine learning. In this way, the main objective is to develop machine learning algorithms capable of classifying data of an electroencephalogram to control an overdamped pendulum process. The algorithms that were used to classify the signals are: (i) extreme learning machine, (ii) K nearest neighbors, (iii) decision tree, (iv) support vector machine, (v) relevance vector machine and (vi) XgBoost. In this context, through data collected from a person's electroencephalogram and using the Machine Learning algorithms to classify the received signals, the main objective is to determine the minimum possible error (according to the confusion matrix) between the desired outputs and the outputs obtained, and then generate commands for the overdamped pendulum system control that will be used a Dahlin Adaptive, Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller. The results obtained low error values, both for the confusion matrix of the algorithms and to establish the process control of the overdamped pendulum, with a satisfactory response, so that the controller output error, ITAE (Integral of Time Multiplied by the Absolute Value of Error - Integral of the absolute error times times), has resulted in a low value with a good process control for overdamped pendulum. This approach may be promising and will serve as the basis for projects aimed at helping people with related limitations of motor skills, such as in cases of tetraplegic or quadriplegic people who have paralysis in all four extremities, upper and lower, along the muscles of the trunk, but which have brain activity. Finally, this work aims to contribute with the process of electroencephalogram data acquisition and use machine learning algorithms to classify the electroencephalogram data, exposing the best algorithms and standards in systems without control of a process. Key words: Brain-computer interface. Machine Learning. Overdamped Pendulum.
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Pigatto, Maiara Cássia. "Avaliação farmacocinética e do metabolismo in vivo e in vitro do candidato a antitumoral AC04." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53135.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: AC04 é um derivado acridínico com elevada atividade contra tumores sólidos em camundongos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a farmacocinética no plasma e a distribuição tecidual em ratos Wistar após administração i.v. bolus bem como o metabolismo in vitro e in vivo do AC04. Metodologia: AC04 foi submetido à oxidação in vitro com catalisador de Jacobsen, modelo que biomimetiza o CYP450. O produto obtido na reação foi caracterizado por 1H RMN e analisado por CLAE-EM/EM. O AC04 também foi incubado em meio microssomal de ratos para confirmar a formação do produto observado in vitro com catalisador. Para a avaliação farmacocinética, uma dose única de 1,5 mg/kg foi administrada a ratos Wistar por i.v. bolus (n = 7) e amostras de sangue foram coletadas da veia lateral da cauda até 120 h após administração. AC04 e o 1-oxo-AC04 foram separados do plasma por desproteinização com acetonitrila e analisados por método de CLAE-EM/EM previamente validado. A fração ligada a proteínas foi determinada por ultrafiltração e a distribuição tecidual foi avaliada após administração de 1,5 mg/kg i.v. bolus (n = 3 animais/tempo). Resultados: A oxidação do AC04 pelo catalisador de Jacobsen resultou na formação de um metabólito, 1-oxo-AC04, o mesmo formado pela incubação da fração microssomal e in vivo após administração da droga a roedores. O modelo aberto de dois compartimentos descreveu adequadamente o perfil de concentração plasmática do AC04, possibilitando a determinação de CL de 3,4 ± 3,4 L/h/kg, Vdss de 137,9 ± 91,4 L/kg, t1/2 de 45,5 ± 31,5 h e ASC0-∞ de 788 ± 483 ng·h/mL. A ligação a proteínas plasmáticas foi de 98,1 ± 1,6%. A penetração no pulmão, fígado e baço foi de 1077, 410 e 355 respectivamente, enquanto no cérebro foi de 0,54. O AC04 se acumula no tecido adiposo com um fator de penetração de 30. O t1/2 do 1-oxo-AC04 foi de 23,2 ± 10,4 h. Conclusões: O conjunto de resultados sugere que, apesar da pequena fração livre no plasma livre, AC04 é capaz de se acumular em diferentes tecidos, o que pode ser um componente importante para sua ação em tumores sólidos, além de ter uma meia-vida longa. A reação de oxidação de Jacobsen e o metabolismo in vitro com fração microssomal possibilitaram a identificação do mesmo metabólito obtido in vivo.<br>Purpose: AC04 is an acridine derivative with high activity against solid tumors in mice. The goal of this work was to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the drug in Wistar rats after bolus i.v. administration as well as the its in vitro and in vivo metabolism. Methodology: AC04 was submitted in vitro oxidation by Jacobsen catalyst, a biomimetic CYP450 model. The product obtained in the reaction was characterized by (1H NMR) and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. AC04 was also incubated with rats microsomal fraction to confirm the formation of the product observed in vitro with the catalyst. A single 1.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus dose of AC04 was given to Wistar rats (n = 7) and blood samples were harvested from the lateral tail vein up to 120 h after dosing. AC04 and 1-oxo-AC04 were separated from plasma by deproteinization with acetonitrile and analyzed by LC-MS/MS with a previously validated method. Protein binding fraction was performed by ultrafiltration and AC04 tissue disposition was evaluated after 1.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus (n = 3 animals/point) Results: The Jacobsen-catalyzed oxidation of AC04 resulted in the formation of one metabolite, 1-oxo-AC04. The same metabolite was observed with microsomal incubation and in vivo, after AC04 dosing to Wistar rats. A two-compartment open model adequately fitted the individuals plasma profiles of AC04 resulting in a CL of 3.4 ± 3.4 L/h/kg, a Vdss of 137.9 ± 91.4 L/kg, a t1/2 of 45.5 ± 31.5 h and a ASC0-∞ of 788 ± 483 ng·h/mL. AC04 plasma protein binding was 98.1 ± 1.6%. Lung, liver and spleen showed a penetration of 1077, 410 e 355 respectively, while brain penetration was of 0.54. The AC04 accumulates in the adipose tissue with a penetration factor of 30. The 1-oxo-AC04 metabolite showed a t1/2 of 23.2 ± 10.4 h. Conclusions: The Jacobsen oxidation reaction and the in vitro metabolism by microsomes allowed the identification of the same metabolite observed in vivo. The results suggest that despite the small free plasma fraction, AC04 is capable to accumulate in different tissues, which may contribute to its activity in solid tumor, besides its long half-life.
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Vieira, Cesar Bastos de Mattos. "A fotografia na percepção da arquitetura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53735.
Full textAbstract:
A fotografia, como aparato tecnológico físico/químico, tem, desde sua origem, características científicas e artísticas. Esta dualidade tem especial importância quando aplicada à arquitetura. Seria a fotografia uma forma de representação da obra arquitetônica ou uma arte independente, que tem a possibilidade de criar mundos artificiais ou irreais? Por mais que o senso comum acredite na honestidade e fidedignidade da fotografia, o mundo e, mais especificamente, a arquitetura se mostram de maneiras peculiares quando vistos pelas lentes da fotografia. Esta confusão sobre o que é a fotografia – um registro fiel da ‘realidade’ visual? Uma forma de expressão artística de seu operador (fotógrafo)? – é o ponto central desta tese. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão teórica sobre as consequências desta aparente confusão ou desconsideração das diferenças entre o registrado e o ‘real’, dos limites e capacidades da fotografia em representar o que está defronte da lente. Trata-se de um trabalho inicialmente descritivo do ato fotográfico em relação aos elementos envolvidos nesta ação, de suas responsabilidades e das consequências no resultado – a imagem obtida. Pretende-se evidenciar as possibilidades da fotografia de manipular a realidade, seja por meio de operações de ‘apagamento’ de elementos do entorno, deixando-os fora de quadro, ou pela pós-edição, seja pela mudança de lentes com suas características e aberrações ópticas ou pela exploração de como o filme ou tablete digitalizador registra a luz, entre outros recursos e possibilidades. A partir dessa demonstração, propõem-se algumas reflexões teóricas sobre possíveis consequências que a aparente inconsciência dessas características da fotografia pode produzir na percepção da arquitetura. Com tais reflexões, pretendese contribuir para uma tomada de consciência crítica do que a fotografia é capaz e sugerir questionamentos sobre como essas possibilidades podem estar influenciando a arquitetura, tanto na forma de vê-la quanto nas opções projetuais. Espera-se que este trabalho seja uma contribuição na formação de fotógrafos conscientes de suas ações, de leitores críticos e conscientes do que está sendo oferecido como informação pelas fotografias de arquitetura e de arquitetos que consigam entender o real significado desse recurso de representação e as repercussões que pode ter sobre o ato de projetar.<br>The photography, as physical/chemical technological apparatus, has, from its origin, scientific and artistic characteristics. This duality is particularly important when applied to architecture. Would photography be a form of representation of the architectural work or could be classifies as an independent art that has the ability to create artificial or unreal worlds? Despite common sense believes in photography´s honesty and reliability, the world, and most specially the architecture, shows itself in peculiar ways when viewed through the lens of photography. This issue about what is photography - a true record of visual ‘reality’? A form of artistic expression of its operator (photographer)? - is the focus of this thesis. This paper proposes a theoretical reflection on the consequences of this apparent confusion or disregard of the differences between what is shot and what is real, and a reflection about the photography´s limits and capabilities in representing what is in front of the lens. This is an initially descriptive work of the photographic act in relation to the elements involved in this action, of its responsibilities and consequences in the result - the obtained image. It aims to demonstrate how photography can manipulate reality, either through the deleting operation of elements of the environment leaving them out of context or by postediting, either by changing lenses with their characteristics and optical aberrations or by the exploration of how the film or tablet digitizer records the light, among other features and possibilities. From this demonstration, it is proposed some theoretical discussions about possible consequences that the apparent unconsciousness of these characteristics of photography can produce in the perception of architecture. With these thoughts, this paper intends to contribute to a critical awareness of what photography is capable and suggest questions about how these possibilities can be influencing the architecture, both in the way of seeing it as in the projective options. It is hoped that this work can be a contribution in training of photographers aware of their actions, as well it can help the formation of critics and conscious readers of what is being offered as information through architectural photos and architects who can understand the real meaning of this representation feature and the reverberation that may have on the act of designing.<br>La fotografía, como aparato tecnológico físico-químico, desde su origen tiene características científicas y artísticas. Esta dualidad es de especial importancia cuando se trata de Arquitectura. ¿Sería la fotografía una forma de representación de la obra arquitectónica o un arte independiente que tiene la posibilidad de crear mundos artificiales o irreales? Por más que el sentido común acepte la honestidad y fidelidad de la fotografía, el mundo y más especialmente la arquitectura se muestran de maneras peculiares cuando son vistos a través de los lentes. Esta confusión sobre lo que es la fotografía – un registro fiel de la realidad visual o una forma de expresión artística del fotógrafo – es el tema central de esta tesis. El trabajo analiza las consecuencias de esta aparente confusión o desconsideración de las diferencias entre lo registrado y lo ‘real’ y de los límites y capacidades de la fotografía para representar lo que está al frente de la lente. Se trata de un relato inicialmente descriptivo del acto fotográfico en relación a los elementos involucrados, de sus responsabilidades y de las consecuencias en el resultado, o sea la imagen obtenida. Se pretende destacar las posibilidades de la fotografía para manipular la realidad: sea por la eliminación de elementos del entorno ‘borrándolos’ y dejándolos por fuera del cuadro, sea por la edición posterior de la imagen, sea por la mudanza de lentes con sus características y aberraciones ópticas o por la exploración de las posibilidades de la película o de la digitalización para registrar la luz, entre otros recursos. A partir de esta demostración, se proponen reflexiones teóricas sobre posibles consecuencias que la aparente desconsideración de las características de la fotografía puede generar en la percepción de la arquitectura. Con estas consideraciones se pretende contribuir para una mayor toma de consciencia crítica en relación a las capacidades de la fotografía, bien como sugerir interrogantes sobre como esas posibilidades pueden estar influenciando la arquitectura, tanto en la forma de verla como en sus opciones proyectuales. Se espera que este trabajo sea una contribución para la formación de fotógrafos conscientes de sus acciones, de lectores críticos y conscientes de la información que la fotografía ofrece y para que los arquitectos entiendan el real significado de este recurso de representación y de las repercusiones que puede tener sobre el acto de proyectar.
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Laroche, Liny. "Relation entre l'insomnie chronique et le fonctionnement immunitaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/53135.
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Mobuchon, Alain. "Effect of processing induced defects on the failure characteristics of graphite epoxy angles." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53235.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the bending strength and failure characteristics of AS4/3501-6 and AS4/1806 graphite/epoxy angles sections as a function of processing induced defects and porosity. The angle sections were removed from 30-inch long angles fabricated at Lockheed Georgia Company with two quasi-isotropic stacking sequences, (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂), and (± 45/90₂ ∓ 45/0₂)₃. Various degrees of porosity were introduced into the angles using four processing techniques: a standard lay-up, a solvent wipe during lay-up, moisture introduction between plies during lay-up, and a low pressure cure cycle. Two 2.5-inch wide angle sections, each with a 1.5-inch short leg and a 3.0-inch long leg, were bonded together along their long leg to form a T-shaped specimen. Bending of the T-specimen was introduced by pressing up on the underside of the flanges while holding the base of the specimen fixed. The experimental results have shown a significant effect of the processing induced defects on the failure load and bending stiffness for AS4/3501-6 specimens, but not for AS4/1806 specimens.
An anisotropic analysis of the angle curved section was performed using Lekhnitskii's stress function approach. Stress and strain fields were studied and two failure criteria (Dual maximum stress and Tsai-Wu) were investigated in order to predict T-specimen failure load and failure mode. Reasonable correlation between prediction and experiments was found for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂)₃ T-specimens, but both failure criteria were found to be too conservative in predicting failure for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/O₂/ ∓ 45/90₂)₃, T-specimens. The predicted failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental observations for both Iaminates.<br>Master of Science
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Krasuski, Monika Anna. "Urban spiritual retreat." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53435.
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The design of this project - a religious retreat - although based on the form of a traditional monastery differs from it in its basic premise. The idea of monastic life is based on solitary contemplation and restricted social exchange, while a retreat places group interaction at its base. lt is a place where a community of persons shares time and thoughts, but also where each individual is given a space of his or her own to which to retreat when needing privacy.
The retreat consists of three separate elements: a church, a dormitory complex and a "Unity House" that includes a library, and meeting and dining spaces. A massive travertine wall that divides public (profane) and private (sacred) spaces, is the main geometrical, focal and symbolic element to which the three buildings relate.
In the design of this project the questions of what constitutes the necessary qualities of spaces in the structures designated for a religious purpose were explored. The design was approached with the understanding that for a project such as a religious retreat natural and man-made environments must be treated as one. Only then, design resources will allow for creation of harmonious, intimate and poetic spaces and give the retreat participants a chance to quiet themselves and experience the surroundings with all their senses.<br>Master of Architecture
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Baker, Devon Scott. "Understanding the Corrosion of Low-Voltage Al-Ga Anodes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53835.
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Aluminum is an attractive metal for use as an anode in the cathodic protection of steels in seawater due to its low cost and high current capacity. Zinc is often used for its ability to readily corrode, but it has a low current capacity and it operates at very negative voltages, leading to hydrogen generation at the steel cathode, which may cause hydrogen embrittlement. Aluminum can operate at less-negative voltages, therefore reducing hydrogen generation, but it forms a passive oxide film, preventing the anode from corroding. Ga is added to aluminum in small amounts (0.1 wt%) to destabilize this oxide film and allow for active corrosion. The mechanism of how Ga activates Al is still not well-known, though there are prevailing proposals. A previous study noted a difference in behavior between Al-Ga master heats and the alloys that were later produced by re-melting them. This study is focused on characterizing the corrosion behavior of Al-0.1 wt% Ga in synthetic seawater, with samples from a master heat and two subsequent remelts. Galvanostatic, potentiostatic, and open-circuit tests were run, as well as galvanic coupling with 1123 steel. It was found that the remelted anodes behaved more consistently and maintained stable corrosion behavior for longer times than the master heat. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis showed elevated concentrations of Ga inside the oxide layer. The findings support the mechanism in the literature of discrete particles of Ga forming under the oxide film but do not support the mechanism of an amalgam layer formation. This project was funded by NACE International, Virginia Tech project number 457789.<br>Master of Science
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McDonald, Jane Ann. "A history of the Association of State Executives and the career paths of state execs." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53635.
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The dissertation provides a written history of the Association of State Executives (ASE) and identifies the career paths of the state executives. The scope of the research includes the inception of ASE, through its birth and early years of development, and into a period of expansion and growth.
The history identifies the association‘s goals, leadership, major issues, and affiliations. Specifically, the study examines how and why the Association of State Executives was formed, who the major individuals were and what roles they played, what issues were of primary concern to the association and why those issues were important, how the association changed over time and the causes of the change, what relationships existed between ASE and other associations, and what career paths evolved for the state executives.
Primary sources of data included documents of the association, meeting minutes, memos, and letters. Interviews were conducted with selected members of the association: founding fathers, past and present officers, committee chairs, committee members, and new members. A questionnaire was sent to all state executives to elicit career path information.
The research contributes to the general field of knowledge of organizational theory and development and is a link between theory and practice, particularly in the area of life cycles of organizations. The study has archival value for members of the Association of State Executives and provides information to students of educational organizations. By providing personal, educational, and professional information on the membership of ASE, the study serves as a career guide for persons who aspire to the administrative positions held by state executives.<br>Ed. D.
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Spirideli, Maria. "Three urban artifacts: a study of architectural language through the typology of the city." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53335.
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"The word Type represents not so much the image of a thing to be copied or perfectly imitated as the idea of an element that must itself serve as a rule for the Model... The Model, understood in terms of the practical execution of art, is an object that must be repeated such as it is; Type on the contrary, is an object (an idea) according to which one can conceive works that do not resemble one another at all. Everything is precise and given in the Model; everything is more or less vague in the Type."
(Quatremere de Quincy, 1832)
"The rustic hut ... is the model on which all the magnificent achievements of Architecture have been imagined. It is by moving closer, in the execution of work, to the simplicity of this first model that we avoid the essential defects and attain the true perfections ...It is the essential parts which contain all the beauties ... "
(M.-A. Laugier, 1755)<br>Master of Architecture
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Jamison, Calvin D. "An analysis of the influence of informtion on the educational aspirations of black high school seniors." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53535.
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The influence of systematic information interventions on black high school students in Virginia was examined in this study. The State Council of Higher Education in Virginia (SCHEV) sponsored a series of information intervention activities since 1982 to influence black high school student aspirations for college. This study was designed to examine influences on college aspirations attributable to the SCHEV activities.
A survey originally designed by SCHEV and the Department of Education was modified to collect data from 1151 black graduating seniors from representative high school districts in Virginia. The data were analyzed by cross-tabulation and chi square procedures. Results of the analyses suggested that one information intervention—Better Information Workshops—had more influence on college aspirations than other interventions, including published brochures, videotapes/cassettes, and public service announcements.
Respondents indicated that their aspirations were influenced significantly by parents, other adults, guidance counselors, peers, and teachers. Almost 70% of the respondents would be first generation college students. In addition, fewer males than females were found to aspire to college attendance.<br>Ed. D.
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Claytor, Robinson C. P. "Structure and microwave spectrum of the 2-cyano-2-propyl radical." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53935.
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The rotational spectra of the 2-cyano-2-propyl and d⁶-2·cyano-2-propyl radicals were observed using a Stark modulated spectrometer. The radicals were generated in the gas phase by UV irradiation of sublimed azoisobisbutyronitrile. They were detectable in the cell for approximately one hour. Thirty-three transitions were assigned for (CH₃)₂CCN and twenty-one for (CD₃)₂CCN. The rigid rotor rotational constants determined by calculation of the hypothetical unsplit rotational transitions are A=8276.7, B=3919.7, C=2751.5Mhz for (CH₃)₂CCN and A=6241.3, B=3490.7, C=2372.6Mhz for (CD₃)₂CCN.
A program to calculate the fine splittings and hyperfine splittings due to the ¹⁴N nucleus and six protons was written. The spin rotation constants determined for the two species were E<sub>aa</sub>=-69.9, E<sub>bb</sub>=-36.1, E<sub>cc</sub>=2.7Mhz and E<sub>aa</sub>=-55.4, E<sub>bb</sub>=-32.6 Mhz for (CH₃)₂CCN and (CD₃)₂CCN respectively. The hyperfine coupling constants for ¹⁴N are identical for both isotopic species and were found to be T<sub>aa</sub>=-17.2, T<sub>bb</sub>=-17.1 and T<sub>cc</sub>=34.4 Mhz. The proton and deuteron hyperfine splittings were not resolved. The structural parameters determined from an <r₀> fit of the moments are r<sub>CN</sub>=1.18A, r<sub>CC</sub>=1.42A, r<sub>CMe</sub>=1.50A and CCMe=119.3°. The C₄N skeletal framework was found to be planar.<br>Ph. D.
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Lee, Mann-Hsi Tso. "Effect of incubation temperature and composition of brucella agar on growth of Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53135.
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Aerotolerance of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428 and one of its aerotolerant mutants (strain MC711-01) was measured at 37°C and 42°C. The aerotolerance of C. jejuni was higher at 42°C than at 37°C.
Three different lots of Gibco dehydrated Brucella broth were used to prepare Brucella agar. The agar media were then tested to see if they differed in their ability to support growth of C. jejuni. However, only slight differences in viable counts of C. jejuni were obtained between lots.
Ageing of dehydrated Brucella medium for 2½ months and hydrated Brucella medium for 1½ months greatly affected the growth of C. jejuni and decreased its aerotolerance. This is probably due to the deterioration of the sodium bisulfite in Brucella medium during storage, because addition of 0.01% sodium bisulfite (the same amount as contained in the Brucella medium) to the aged medium (dehydrated or hydrated form) restored the ability of the medium to support growth of C. jejuni under various O₂ levels equivalent to or even better than that obtained with fresh Brucella medium. Moreover, when Brucella agar was prepared from the individual chemical and peptone components, only the medium containing the 0.01% bisulfite yielded colony counts of C. jejuni similar to that obtained on fresh commercial Brucella medium. When sodium bisulfite was omitted, viable counts and aerotolerance were decreased.<br>Master of Science
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Nemutandani, Mbulaheni Simon. "A model for collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners in the management of HIV/AIDS and TB patients in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53035.
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HIV/AIDS and TB patients form part of the communities consulting both allopathic and traditional health practitioners. The study examined existing relationships between traditional and allopathic health practitioners, as they both manage HIV/AIDS and TB patients. The study aim was to develop a model for collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners in the management of HIV/AIDS and TB patients in the Vhembe district, Limpopo Province.
Participatory action research design was used. The study was conducted in three phases following the decision taken by the stakeholders during the consultative meetings. The first phase involved the training of 437 traditional health practitioners on HIV/AIDS and TB diseases, and also assessed their knowledge levels, beliefs and practices about the HIV/AIDS and TB. The HIV/AIDS and TB training workshops prepared the traditional health practitioners for group discussions with number of allopathic health practitioners in the second phase. The second phase explored their perceptions and experiences of collaboration in the management of HIV/AIDS and TB patients, identified strategies for collaboration.
The findings confirmed that collaboration was long overdue, and it created an opportunity to build relationship to address challenges of patients secrecy, treatment overdose and abandonment of ARV treatment. They explored how they could work together in the fight against HIV/AIDS and TB infections. Change of mindset through the decolonization process was decided as the best suitable approach moving forward.
Based on the findings of phases one and two, the third phase, which is a COHORT model for collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners in the management of HIV/AIDS and TB patients was developed and described.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Kiautha, Gikunda Brian. "The way to a safer financial services sector : a comparative analysis between South Africa and Kenya." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53135.
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Nieuwoudt, Charne. "Reinventing infrastructure : an urban arena for cultural exchange : amplifying the significance of the disenfranchised apies river island as 'other-place' between city and suburb." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53335.
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The potential of the Apies River Corridor, and the identified site s relegation to the engineering demands of modernisation, has resulted in layers of water, built fabric, transport and energy infrastructure that presently dissect the site into rigidly controlled, isolated functions. This has consequently led to the loss of the Apies River s recreational and natural presence within the city. Its ecological potential as resource, as well as its enigmatic and symbolic existence, has been straightjacketed into a linear concrete entity. Its historical significance in the establishment and development of the city, as well as its significance as recreational identity, has been rendered anonymous. Fragmented enclaves (deadlock urban situations) have restricted the potential of underutilised, surplus public spaces.
The theoretical premise of this dissertation asserts that the great divide between nature and culture of the modern paradigm, and the consequential development of industrialisation and urbanisation, controlled our cities' natural resources in independent networks of infrastructural systems, to the control, convenience and exploitation of our cultural practices. Implemented as vehicles for political, social and economic agendas, the current isolated implementation of our urban infrastructure are spatially fragmenting the public realm.
The site chosen for the project has been identified as a collection of fragmented surplus sites adrift between the infrastructural edges of the historic Ceremonial Boulevard know as Stanza Bopape Street (formerly Church Street), and the Apies River Corridor; two significant infrastructural entities in the city of Pretoria.
A reinterpretation of our development processes is required, that acknowledges non-human natural systems as agents and acknowledges the constraints of our cultural practices.1 By reimagining existing infrastructure as part of the production of form and space, marginalised urban voids can be regained for innovative design interventions, alternative occupation, and public appropriation. The potential of such a reinvention lies in public space that capitalises on the spatial, material and socio-economic possibilities of infrastructure to increase the area's ecological contribution, and amplify its historical significance through establishing a relationship between Stan Street, the Apies River, the proposed interventions and historical remnants, towards reinstating an enigmatic and recreational experience as well as ecological awareness beyond its infrastructural use.<br>Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2016<br>Architecture<br>MArch(Prof)<br>Unrestricted
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Mardon, Ria Elizabeth. "Experiences of clients at a counselling centre of work-home interaction." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53435.
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The goal of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of work-home interaction of clients at a counselling centre of a mega-church in Centurion, as well as the consequent negative or positive impact of such interactions. The underlying motivation to conduct the study at the counselling centre was to make a contribution towards healthy family life by assisting clients to facilitate positive work-home interaction. Furthermore, the study explored whether an experience of negative work-home interaction was the sole, or part of the reason why clients sought help at the counselling centre. The study also aimed to explore and describe the strategies used by employed individuals in managing work-home interaction, in the face of many changes affecting the work and home domains in contemporary society.
In order to achieve the goal of the study, a qualitative research approach was adopted in an attempt to understand the complexities of the interaction between work and home. Collective case studies were used and data was collected through one-on-one interviews with an interview schedule. After careful analysis of literature and the transcripts of the interviews, important themes and sub-themes came to the fore. Key findings were stipulated and focused on aspects such as the consequences of eroded boundaries between work and home, gender roles in marriage, wives in higher earning positions than their spouses. Furthermore, helpful strategies utilised by clients in order to facilitate positive work-home interaction were described. Future research studies could focus on initiating a research study that covers a more extensive geographical area and represent the ethnic diversity in South Africa. Such studies could also focus more extensively on women in higher earning positions than their spouses, the effects thereof and the challenges with regards to gender roles in marriages.<br>Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>MSW<br>Unrestricted