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1
Kapitsa, Vassiliy, Maria Shahgedanova, Horst Machguth, Igor Severskiy, and Akhmetkal Medeu. "Assessment of evolution and risks of glacier lake outbursts in the Djungarskiy Alatau, Central Asia, using Landsat imagery and glacier bed topography modelling." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 10 (October 24, 2017): 1837–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1837-2017.
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Abstract. Changes in the abundance and area of mountain lakes in the Djungarskiy (Jetysu) Alatau between 2002 and 2014 were investigated using Landsat imagery. The number of lakes increased by 6.2 % from 599 to 636 with a growth rate of 0.51 % a−1. The combined areas were 16.26 ± 0.85 to 17.35 ± 0.92 km2 respectively and the overall change was within the uncertainty of measurements. Fifty lakes, whose potential outburst can damage existing infrastructure, were identified. The glacier bed topography version 2 (GlabTop2) model was applied to simulate ice thickness and subglacial topography using glacier outlines for 2000 and SRTM DEM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model) as input data achieving realistic patterns of ice thickness. A total of 513 overdeepenings in the modelled glacier beds, presenting potential sites for the development of lakes, were identified with a combined area of 14.7 km2. Morphometric parameters of the modelled overdeepenings were close to those of the existing lakes. A comparison of locations of the overdeepenings and newly formed lakes in the areas de-glacierized in 2000–2014 showed that 67 % of the lakes developed at the sites of the overdeepenings. The rates of increase in areas of new lakes correlated with areas of modelled overdeepenings. Locations where hazardous lakes may develop in the future were identified. The GlabTop2 approach is shown to be a useful tool in hazard management providing data on the potential evolution of future lakes.
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Li, Cong, Yun Xu, Fangqi Liu, and Ye Xu. "Abstract 5773: A one-stop approach in diagnosing hereditary colorectal cancer: A prospective, proof-of-principle, single-center study." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5773.
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Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Between 3 and 6% of all CRC cases are attributed to hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC). It is important to distinguish CRCs that arise hereditarily from those that arise sporadically, because patients with HCRC and their relatives can benefit from intensive clinical management and surveillance. The detection of germline variants using tumor tissue and paired non-cancerous tissue/whole blood cells (WBC) (conventional method) is considered as the gold standard for germline confirmation, but which could introduce high cost and long turnaround time. In this work, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of diagnosing HCRC using only tumor next-generation sequencing data without normal tissue/WBC data. Methods: One-hundred patients with suspected HCRC were prospectively enrolled according to the clinical diagnosis. Both tumor tissue and paired WBC were collected from each patient. Capture-based targeted sequencing using a panel consisting of 41 cancer-related genes was performed on both tumor tissue and WBC sample. The germline variants were identified using conventional and ColonCore method, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of ColonCore method in identifying germline alterations were calculated, when conventional method was used as a reference. Results: A total of 636 alterations were identified using ColonCore method, including 606 somatic alterations and 30 germline alterations. Among the somatic alterations detected from this panel, 599 single-nucleotide variants and 7 copy number variants were observed. The most frequently mutated genes were APC, TP53, and KRAS, occurring in 76%, 66%, and 46% of patients, respectively. For ColonCore analysis, 17, 9, 2, and 2 patients harbored germline pathogenic variants in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, APC, MUTYH, and ATM, respectively. Compared to the conventional method, the sensitivity of ColonCore method in the diagnosis of HCRC achieved 88.5% with a PPV of 82.1%. Next, the diagnostic performance of ColonCore method in Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was subsequently investigated. We found its sensitivity in the diagnosis of LS achieved 100% (with a PPV of 98.8%), which was obviously higher than that in the diagnosis of FAP (70.0% with a PPV of 63.6%). Twenty-three patients identified as having a microsatellite instability (MSI)-high tumor using ColonCore method were also identified as having an MMR-deficient (dMMR) tumor using immunohistochemistry staining analysis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ColorCore method is a one-stop approach for detecting germline/somatic alterations and MSI/dMMR status for suspected HCRC. Furthermore, ColorCore method is a feasible and valid tool to diagnose HCRC, especially LS. Citation Format: Cong Li, Yun Xu, Fangqi Liu, Ye Xu. A one-stop approach in diagnosing hereditary colorectal cancer: A prospective, proof-of-principle, single-center study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5773.
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Wu, Bo-Sen, Sarah MacPherson, and Mark Lefsrud. "Filtering Light-Emitting Diodes to Investigate Amber and Red Spectral Effects on Lettuce Growth." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061075.
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Red and blue light are the principal wavelengths responsible for driving photosynthetic activity, yet amber light (595 nm) has the highest quantum efficiency and amber-rich high pressure sodium lamps result in superior or comparable plant performance. On this basis, we investigated how lettuce plant growth and photosynthetic activity were influenced by broad and narrow light spectra in the 590–630 nm range, by creating amber and red light-emitting diode (LED) spectra that are not commercially available. Four different light spectra were outfitted from existing LEDs using shortpass and notch filters: a double peak spectrum (595 and 655 nm; referred to as 595 + 655-nm light) that excluded 630-nm light, 595-nm, 613-nm, and 633-nm light emitting at an irradiance level of 50 W·m−2 (243–267 µmol·m−2·s−1). Shifting LED wavelengths from 595 nm to 633 nm and from 595 nm to 613 nm resulted in a biomass yield decrease of ~50% and ~80%, respectively. When 630-nm light is blocked, lettuce displayed expanded plant structures and the absence of purple pigmentation. This report presents a new and feasible approach to plant photobiology studies, by removing certain wavelengths to assess and investigate wavelength effect on plant growth and photosynthesis. Findings indicate that amber light is superior to red light for promoting photosynthetic activity and plant productivity, and this could set precedence for future work aimed at maximizing plant productivity in controlled environment agriculture.
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Stanton, Bruce A. "Renal potassium transport: the pioneering studies of Gerhard Giebisch." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): F233—F234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00669.2009.
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This essay looks at the historical significance of six APS Classic Papers that are freely available on line: Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of renal potassium excretion in the rat. Am J Physiol 206: 674–686, 1964 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/206/4/674 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Micropuncture study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transport in rat nephron. Am J Physiol 211: 529–547, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/529 ). Malnic G, Klose RM, Giebisch G. Microperfusion study of distal tubular potassium and sodium transfer in rat kidney. Am J Physiol 211: 548–559, 1966 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/211/3/548 ). Duarte CG, Chomety F, Giebisch G. Effect of amiloride, ouabain, and furosemide on distal tubular function in the rat. Am J Physiol 221: 632–640, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/632 ). Malnic G, De Mello Aires M, Giebisch G. Potassium transport across renal distal tubules during acid-base disturbances. Am J Physiol 221: 1192–1208, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/4/1192 ). Wright FS, Strieder N, Fowler NB, Giebisch G. Potassium secretion by distal tubule after potassium adaptation. Am J Physiol 221: 437–448, 1971 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/221/2/437 ).
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Kinsy, Lionard. "Analisa dan Perancangan Aplikasi Data Mining Untuk Prediksi Stok Obat pada Klinik XYZ." TeIKa 12, no. 01 (May 8, 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36342/teika.v12i01.2822.
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Prediksi merupakan alat bantu yang penting untuk membuat perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan manajemen. Dalam penelitian ini, prediksi akan membantu Klinik XYZ dalam pengambilan keputusan persediaan stok agar tidak terjadi kekurangan persediaan maupun berlebihan persediaan. Dengan memanfaatkan data mining, penulis bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk meramalkan persediaan stok obat dan juga merancang sebuah aplikasi yang mampu menerapkan prediksi menggunakan metode jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk meramalkan stok obat. Menggunakan model jaringan syaraf tiruan dengan konfigurasi yaitu 5 neuron pada lapisan input, 3 lapisan tersembunyi yang masing-masing memiliki 4, 3, dan 4 neuron, dan 1 neuron pada lapisan output dengan fungsi aktivasi ReLU dan learning rate sebesar 0.001, aplikasi ini mampu untuk menyajikan hasil prediksi pada periode yang diinginkan disertai dengan nilai galat prediksi dalam bentuk Mean Absolute Percentage Error. Dari 4 jenis produk yang diuji dengan total sampel sebanyak 24 periode dari Januari 2017 sampai Desember 2018, model jaringan syaraf tiruan memberikan hasil prediksi untuk bulan September 2018 – Desember 2018 adalah: (1) produk Amobiotic yaitu 593, 693, 584, dan 632, (2) produk Loremid yaitu 97, 222, 161, dan 137, (3) produk Meproson yaitu 599, 614, 398, dan 401, (4) produk Nikolam yaitu 215, 256, 290, dan 338.
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Fontana, Elisa, Anna Wilkins, Yatish Patil, Gift Nyamundanda, Chanthirika Ragulan, David Mansfield, Jennifer Kingston, et al. "Characterization of chemoradiation-induced changes in immune cells and targets for personalized therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.589.
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589 Background: Neoadjuvant radio/chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a treatment milestone for LARC. The importance of immune response in CRT efficacy is increasingly realised. However immune cell changes associated with poor responders and their modulation with immune-CRT combinations is unclear. Methods: Matched archival pre-CRT biopsies and post-CRT resection specimens from patients (pts) treated with neoadjuvant CRT were retrieved. Delta-TCD (tumor cell density, estimated using quantitative point counting on virtual tissue H&E) and k-means clustering method were used to classify pts into good, intermediate and poor responders. Baseline expression and CRT-induced changes in 770 immune-related genes (plus 30 DNA damage response genes) were evaluated using NanoString Technologies. Results: At least 70 pts treated with short/long course radiotherapy (SCRT/LCRT) and matched tissues available were identified. To date, 27 pts evaluable for deltaTCD and gene expression were clustered into good (n:10), intermediate (n:7) and poor (n:10) responders. The expression of 14% (91/636) of immune genes was significantly affected by CRT (Bonferroni t-test, q-value < 0.05) overall, with significant increase in innate immunity and decrease in adaptive immunity across all pts (CIBERSORT and SSGSEA analyses). Between good and poor responders there were 6% (39/636) and 2% (15/636) of genes significantly affected by CRT (Bonferroni t-test, q-value < 0.05), respectively. CRT-induced increased CD8+ T cells expression in poor responders compared to good responders was seen. Increased baseline expression of resistance genes (including PD-L1, IDO1 and IL2RA) were seen in poor versus good responders. Validation with quantitative multiplex-immunofluorescence (Vectra) and correlation with SCRT/LCRT and time to surgery are on-going. Conclusions: The expression of immune-related genes is significantly modified by CRT in LARC. With the caveat of small numbers, we identified differentially expressed immune targets at baseline which may justify immune-CRT combinations in neoadjuvant setting in selected pts to modulate the CRT effect and ultimately increase response.
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Münkler, Herfried, and Carl Schmitt. "Briefe 1982/1983." Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte 15, no. 2 (2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1863-8937-2021-2-107.
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[1] MASCHKE AN SCHMITT Lieber Herr Prof. Schmitt! Dr. Münkler, Judengasse 11, 636 Friedberg/ H. bat mich, Ihnen diesen Aufsatz zuzusenden! Herzlich und bis auf bald Ihr Maschke [2] SCHMITT AN MÜNKLER 597 Plettenberg-Pasel Zu Ihrem Aufsatz, Afghanistan Sehr geehrter Herr Münkler, Herrn Günter Maschke verdanke ich die Zusendung Ihres Aufsatzes «Partisanen und Tradition». Diese Zusendung ist für mich [durchgestrichen: so] bedeutungsvoll, dass ich sie nicht unbedankt lassen darf. Man hätte diesen Ihren Aufsatz die letzten zwei Jahre hindurch dem sogenannten Weltgewissen eindringlich geläufig machen sollen, statt des USA-Getaumels, fortwährendes Taumeln zwischen Isolation und Pan-Interventionismus, statt Ausdehnung der Monroe-Doktrin auf der ganzen Welt.
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Aguilar, Jose, Jose M. Rodriguez, Benito Flores, Joaquin Sola, Agueda Bas, Teresa Soria, Pablo Ramirez, and Pascual Parrilla. "Value of repeated fine-needle aspiration cytology and cytologic experience on the management of thyroid nodules." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 119, no. 1 (July 1998): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70182-2.
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Although fine-needle aspiration is being currently accepted as the most reliable method to select patients with thyroid nodules for surgery, controversy remains about the accuracy in distinguishing benign nodules. We present our results from 636 fine-needle aspirations performed from 1984 to 1989. Our article focuses on the value of cytologic expertise and repeated punctures for follow-up of benign nodules. We found annual figures for specificity and positive predictive value to increase steadily from 1984 to 1989, thus suggesting that the power of the test is proportional to the experience of the cytologist. We also state that the value of performing repeated punctures for the follow-up of unselected benign nodules is low. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:121-4.)
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Lost, Jan, Niklas Tillmans, Sara Merkaj, Marc von Reppert, MingDe Lin, Khaled Bousabarah, Anita Huttner, et al. "NIMG-20. INCORPORATION OF AI-BASED AUTOSEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION INTO NEURORADIOLOGY WORKFLOW: PACS-BASED AI TO BUILD YALE GLIOMA DATASET." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii165—vii166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.638.
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Abstract PURPOSE Translation of AI algorithms into clinical practice is significantly limited by lack of large individual hospital-based datasets with expert annotations. Current methods for generation of annotated imaging data are significantly limited due to inefficient imaging data transfer, complicated annotation software, and time required for experts to generate ground truth information. We incorporated AI tools for auto-segmentation of gliomas into PACS that is used at our institution for reading clinical studies and developed a workflow for annotation of images and development of volumetric segmentations in neuroradiology clinical workflow. Material: 1990 patients from Yale Radiation Oncology Registry (2012-2019) were identified. Segmentations were performed using a UNETR algorithm trained on BRaTS 2021 and an internal dataset of manually segmented tumors. Segmentations were validated by a board-certified neuro-radiologist and natively embedded PyRadiomics in PACS was used for feature extraction. RESULTS In 7 Months (05/2021 - 08/2021, 03/2022 - 05/2022) segmentations and annotations were performed in 835 patients (322 female, 467 male, 46 unknown, mean age 53 yrs). Dataset includes 275 Grade 4 Gliomas (54 Grade 3, 100 Grade 2, 31 Grade 1, 375 unknown). Molecular subtypes include IDH (113 mutated, 498 wildtype, 2 Equivocal, 222 unknown), 1p/19q (87 deleted or co-deleted, 122 intact, 626 unknown), MGMT promotor (182 methylated, 95 partially methylated, 275 unmethylated, 283 unknown), EGFR (76 amplified, 177 not amplified, 582 unknown), ATRX (40 mutated, 157 retained, 638 unknown), Ki-67 (616 known, 219 unknown) and p53 (549 known, 286 unknown). Classification of gliomas between grade 3/4 and grade 1/2, yielded AUC of 0.85. CONCLUSION We developed a method for incorporation of volumetric segmentation, feature extraction, and classification that is easily incorporated into neuroradiology workflow. These tools allowed us to annotate over 100 gliomas per month, thus establishing a proof of concept for rapid development of annotated imaging database for AI applications.
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Hasim, Nurhafizah, Md Supar Rohani, Md Rahim Sahar, and Sib Krishna Ghoshal. "Luminescence of Er3+/Nd3+ Co-Doped Lithium Niobate Tellurite Glass." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.131.
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Achieving tuneable photoluminescence via controlled co-doping of rare earth ions in lithium niobate based glasses are challenging. A series of Er3+/ Nd3+ co-doped tellurite glasses of composition (70-x-y) TeO2 – 15 Li2CO3 – 15 Nb2O5 – (x) Er2O3 – (y) Nd2O3 with x = 0; 1.0 mol % and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 mol % are prepared using melt quenching technique. The influence of co-dopants on the emission properties is analyzed and discussed using partial energy level diagram of rare earth ions. The dopants concentration dependent physical properties such as refractive index, molar volume, density, polarizability and molar refractions are determined. The down-converted luminescence spectra for 2G9/2 à4I9/2 transition reveal a strong green emission band centred at 497 nm is attributed to the energy transfer from erbium to neodymium ion. The emission spectra exhibit five prominent peaks centred at 497, 539, 553, 616 and 634 nm corresponding to the transitions from 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 excited states to the ground state of Er3+ ion and the transitions from 2G9/2, 2G7/2, 2H11/2 and 4F9/2 excited states to ground state of Nd3+ ion. The highest intensity is achieved for x = y = 1.0 mol%. The excellent luminescence response suggests that our glasses may be nominated for solid state lasers and other photonic applications.
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Coffin, Robert C., Christopher M. MacNeill, Eric D. Peterson, Jeremy W. Ward, Jack W. Owen, Claire A. McLellan, Gregory M. Smith, Ronald E. Noftle, Oana D. Jurchescu, and David L. Carroll. "Variation of the Side Chain Branch Position Leads to Vastly Improved Molecular Weight and OPV Performance in 4,8-dialkoxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene/2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Copolymers." Journal of Nanotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/572329.
Abstract:
Through manipulation of the solubilizing side chains, we were able to dramatically improve the molecular weight(Mw)of 4,8-dialkoxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT)/2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) copolymers. When dodecyl side chains (P1) are employed at the 4- and 8-positions of the BDT unit, we obtain a chloroform-soluble copolymer fraction withMwof 6.3 kg/mol. Surprisingly, by moving to the commonly employed 2-ethylhexyl branch (P2),Mwdecreases to 3.4 kg/mol. This is despite numerous reports that this side chain increases solubility andMw. By moving the ethyl branch in one position relative to the polymer backbone (1-ethylhexyl,P3),Mwis dramatically increased to 68.8 kg/mol. As a result of thisMwincrease, the shape of the absorption profile is dramatically altered, withλmax= 637 nm compared with 598 nm forP1and 579 nm forP2. The hole mobility as determined by thin film transistor (TFT) measurements is improved from~1×10−6 cm2/Vs forP1andP2to7×10−4 cm2/Vs forP3, while solar cell power conversion efficiency in increased to2.91%forP3relative to0.31%and0.19%forP1andP2, respectively.
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Sophia, Ayya, Momo Rosbiono, and Sjaeful Anwar. "Reconstruction of Chemistry Curriculum Elements of Vocational School (SMK) of Mechanical Engineering Study Program." Journal of Educational Sciences 5, no. 4 (October 24, 2021): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.5.4.p.622-637.
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To support the productive subject of expertise field, chemistry curriculum elements and materials in SMK need to be reconstructed. This study aims to produce an integrated chemistry syllabus of Mechanical Engineering in SMK. This study uses a development research method with research subjects: 2 chemistry education experts, 6 chemistry teachers, 4 productive teachers and 2 vice curriculum principals at SMKN Bandung. The results show the relevant chemistry KD to the Mechanical Engineering KD includes knowledge and skill competencies: explaining, describing, applying, determining, identifying, classifying, analyzing, constructing, proposing ideas, designing and conducting experiments. The compositions of chemical content that is relevant are types, physical and chemical properties, symbols, roles, handling of hazardous chemicals, and standard chemical safety and security in the work environment (5.9%), redox reactions (11, 8%), electrochemistry (11.8%), thermochemistry (11.8%), physical and chemical properties of metals, pure metals and alloys (11.8%), electron configurations and the periodic system (5.9%), bonding chemical (5.9%), corrosion (5.9%), metallurgy (5.9%), hydrocarbons (5.9%), petroleum (5.9%), polymers (5.9%), and reaction rate affecting factors (5.9%). The learning strategy is a scientific approach of discovery learning, project-based learning, problem-based learning, and guided inquiry. The evaluation results are the competence of knowledge, skills and attitudes assessment.
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Tong, Bihai, Yaqing Xu, Jiayan Qiang, Man Zhang, Qunbo Mei, Hengshan Wang, and Qian-Feng Zhang. "Novel Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Xanthate Complexes and Their Phosphorescence Behavior in the Presence of Metal Ions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0119.
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Two cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, Ir(dpppz)(ppz)(ipx) and Ir(ppz)2(ipx) (dpppzH=1- (2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-4-phenylphthalazine, ppzH=4-phenylphthalazinone, ipx=isopropyl xanthate), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the two complexes were also investigated. Ir(dpppz)(ppz)(ipx) shows orange-red emission at around 606 nm with a phosphorescence quantum yield of ca. 0.0032 and an emission lifetime of 188 ns, while Ir(ppz)2(ipx) shows orange-red emission at around 599 nm with a phosphorescence quantum yield of ca. 0.00318 and an emission lifetime of 259 ns. The phosphorescence behavior of Ir(ppz)2(ipx) towards different metal cations has also be studied. Its strong phosphorescence is quenched by Hg2+, Cu2+ and Ag+ cations. The interaction ratio with Hg2+ is 1:1
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Poole, David C., and Odile Mathieu-Costello. "Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm capillary geometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.599.
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Poole, David C., and Odile Mathieu-Costello. Effect of pulmonary emphysema on diaphragm capillary geometry. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 599–606, 1997.—In emphysema, the diaphragm shortens by losing sarcomeres. We hypothesized that unless capillaries undergo a similar shortening, capillary geometry must be altered. Without quantifying this geometry, capillary length and surface area per fiber volume, which are critical measurements of the structural potential for blood-tissue exchange, cannot be resolved. Five months after intratracheal elastase (E) or saline (control; C) instillation, diaphragms from male Syrian golden hamsters were glutaraldehyde perfusion fixed in situ at reference lung positions (residual volume, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity) to provide diaphragms fixed over a range of sarcomere lengths. Subsequently, diaphragms were processed for electron microscopy and analyzed morphometrically. Emphysema increased lung volume changes from −20 to 25 cmH2O airway pressure (i.e., passive vital capacity) and excised lung volume (both P < 0.001). In each region of the costal diaphragm (i.e., ventral, medial, dorsal), sarcomere number was reduced (all P < 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio increased (C = 2.2 ± 0.1, E = 2.8 ± 0.1; P < 0.01) and fibers hypertrophied (C = 815 ± 35, E = 987 ± 67 μm2; P < 0.05; both values at 2.5 μm sarcomere length). Capillary geometry was markedly altered by the loss of sarcomeres in series. Specifically, the additional capillary length derived from capillary tortuosity and branching was increased by 183% at 2.5 μm sarcomere length compared with C values (C, 359 ± 43; E, 1,020 ± 158 mm−2, P < 0.01). This significantly increased total capillary length (C, 3,115 ± 173; E, 3,851 ± 219 mm−2 at 2.5 μm, P < 0.05) and surface area (C, 456 ± 13; E, 519 ± 24 cm−1, P < 0.05) per fiber volume. Thus emphysema substantially alters diaphragm capillary geometry and augments the capillary length and surface area available for blood-tissue exchange.
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Mángano, M. Gabriela, and Luis A. Buatois. "The rise and early evolution of animals: where do we stand from a trace-fossil perspective?" Interface Focus 10, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 20190103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0103.
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The trace-fossil record provides a wealth of information to track the rise and early evolution of animals. It comprises the activity of both hard- and soft-bodied organisms, is continuous through the Ediacaran (635–539 Ma)– Cambrian (539–485 Ma) transition, yields insights into animal behaviour and their role as ecosystem engineers, and allows for a more refined characterization of palaeoenvironmental context. In order to unravel macroevolutionary signals from the trace-fossil record, a variety of approaches is available, including not only estimation of degree of bioturbation, but also analysis of ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity trajectories, and evaluation of the occupation of infaunal ecospace and styles of ecosystem engineering. Analysis of the trace-fossil record demonstrates the presence of motile benthic bilaterians in the Ediacaran, mostly feeding from biofilms. Although Ediacaran trace fossils are simple and emplaced at or immediately below the sediment surface, an increase in ichnofossil complexity, predation pressure, sediment disturbance and penetration depth is apparent during the terminal Ediacaran. Regardless of this increase, a dramatic rise in trace fossil diversity and disparity took place during the earliest Cambrian, underscoring that the novelty of the Fortunian (539–529 Ma) cannot be underestimated. The Fortunian still shows the persistence of an Ediacaran-style matground ecology, but is fundamentally characterized by the appearance of new trace-fossil architectural plans reflecting novel ways of interacting with the substrate. The appearance of Phanerozoic-style benthic ecosystems attests to an increased length and connectivity of the food web and improved efficiency in organic carbon transfer and nutrient recycling. A profound reorganization of the infaunal ecospace is recorded in both high-energy sand-dominated nearshore areas and low-energy mud-dominated offshore environments, during the early Cambrian, starting approximately during Cambrian Age 2 (529–521 Ma), but continuing during the rest of the early Cambrian. A model comprising four evolutionary phases is proposed to synthetize information from the Ediacaran–Cambrian trace-fossil record. The use of a rich ichnological toolbox; critical, systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the Ediacaran–Cambrian trace-fossil record; and high-resolution integration of the ichnological dataset and sedimentological information show that the advent of biogenic mixing was an important factor in fully marine environments at the dawn of the Phanerozoic.
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Kidd, Bruce, Sally Mackay, Stefanie Vandevijvere, and Boyd Swinburn. "Cost and greenhouse gas emissions of current, healthy, flexitarian and vegan diets in Aotearoa (New Zealand)." BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 4, no. 1 (June 2021): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000262.
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo compare the costs and climate impact (greenhouse gas emissions) associated with current and healthy diets and two healthy and environmentally friendly dietary patterns: flexitarian and vegan.DesignModelling studySettingAotearoa (New Zealand).Main outcome measuresThe distribution of the cost and climate impact (kgCO2e/kg of food per fortnight) of 2 weekly current, healthy, vegan and flexitarian household diets was modelled using a list of commonly consumed foods, a set of quantity/serves constraints for each, and constraints for food group and nutrient intakes based on dietary guidelines (Eating and Activity Guidelines for healthy diets and EAT-Lancet reference diet for vegan and flexitarian diets) or nutrition survey data (current diets).ResultsThe iterative creation of 210–237 household dietary intakes for each dietary scenario was achieved using computer software adapted for the purpose (DIETCOST). There were stepwise differences between diet scenarios (p<0.001) with the current diet having the lowest mean cost in New Zealand Dollars (NZ$584 (95% CI NZ$580 to NZ$588)) per fortnight for a family of four) but highest mean climate impact (597 kgCO2e (95% CI 590 to 604 kgCO2e)), followed by the healthy diet (NZ$637 (95% CI NZ$632 to NZ$642), 452 kgCO2e (95% CI 446 to 458 kgCO2e)), the flexitarian diet (NZ$728 (95% CI NZ$723 to NZ$734), 263 kgCO2e (95% CI 261 to 265 kgCO2e)) and the vegan diet, which had the highest mean cost and lowest mean climate impact (NZ$789, (95% CI NZ$784 to NZ$794), 203 kgCO2e (95% CI 201 to 204 kgCO2e)). There was a negative relationship between cost and climate impact across diets and a positive relationship within diets.ConclusionsMoving from current diets towards sustainable healthy diets (SHDs) will reduce climate impact but generally at a higher cost to households. The results reflect trade-offs, with the larger constraints placed on diets, the greater cost and factors such as nutritional adequacy, variety, cost and low-emissions foods being considered. Further monitoring and policies are needed to support population transitions that are country specific from current diets to SHD.
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Tuncel, Selcan, Ute Ch Rodewald, Bernard Chevalier, and Rainer Pöttgen. "Rare Earth-rich Magnesium Compounds RE4RhMg (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0503.
Abstract:
Abstract The series of magnesium compounds RE4RhMg (RE = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm, Lu) was prepared by high-frequency melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. All samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction. The structures with RE = Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er as rare earth metal components were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: Gd4RhIn-type, F4̄3m, Z = 16, a = 1392.1(1) pm, wR2 = 0.060, 616 F2 values, 19 variables for Sm4RhMg, a = 1380.8(2) pm, wR2 = 0.071, 530 F2 values, 19 variables for Gd4RhMg, a = 1366.9(1) pm, wR2 = 0.070, 594 F2 values, 20 variables for Dy4RhMg, a = 1355.7(2) pm, wR2 = 0.077, 578 F2 values, 20 variables for Ho3.52RhMg1.48, and a = 1355.4(2) pm, wR2 = 0.075, 559 F2 values, 20 variables for Er3.94RhMg1.06 .The rhodium atoms have slightly distorted trigonal prismatic rare earth coordination. Condensation of the RhRE6 prisms leads to a three-dimensional network which leaves large voids that are filled by regular Mg4 tetrahedra with a Mg-Mg distance of 312 pm in Sm4RhMg. The magnesium atoms have twelve nearest neighbors (3 Mg + 9 RE) in icosahedral coordination. In the structures with holmium and erbium, the RE1 positions which are not involved in the trigonal prismatic network exhibit RE1/Mg mixing. Shortest distances occur for Sm-Rh (286 pm) within the rigid three-dimensional network of condensed trigonal prisms.
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Jarvis, Sara S., Tiffany B. VanGundy, M. Melyn Galbreath, Shigeki Shibata, Kazunobu Okazaki, Miriam F. Reelick, Benjamin D. Levine, and Qi Fu. "Sex differences in the modulation of vasomotor sympathetic outflow during static handgrip exercise in healthy young humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 1 (July 2011): R193—R200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00562.2010.
Abstract:
Sex differences in sympathetic neural control during static exercise in humans are few and the findings are inconsistent. We hypothesized women would have an attenuated vasomotor sympathetic response to static exercise, which would be further reduced during the high sex hormone [midluteal (ML)] vs. the low hormone phase [early follicular (EF)]. We measured heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in 11 women and 10 men during a cold pressor test (CPT) and static handgrip to fatigue with 2 min of postexercise circulatory arrest (PECA). HR increased during handgrip, reached its peak at fatigue, and was comparable between sexes. BP increased during handgrip and PECA where men had larger increases from baseline. Mean ± SD MSNA burst frequency (BF) during handgrip and PECA was lower in women (EF, P < 0.05), as was ΔMSNA-BF smaller (main effect, both P < 0.01). ΔTotal activity was higher in men at fatigue (EF: 632 ± 418 vs. ML: 598 ± 342 vs. men: 1,025 ± 416 a.u./min, P < 0.001 for EF and ML vs. men) and during PECA (EF: 354 ± 321 vs. ML: 341 ± 199 vs. men: 599 ± 327 a.u./min, P < 0.05 for EF and ML vs. men). During CPT, HR and MSNA responses were similar between sexes and hormone phases, confirming that central integration and the sympathetic efferent pathway was comparable between the sexes and across hormone phases. Women demonstrated a blunted metaboreflex, unaffected by sex hormones, which may be due to differences in muscle mass or fiber type and, therefore, metabolic stimulation of group IV afferents.
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Idelson, G. "Friederike Oberdieck. Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Alkoholimus und seiner rationellen Behandlung. —(Arch. f. Psych. Bd. 27. Heft. 2. pg. 579 — 632)." Neurology Bulletin V, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb46968.
Abstract:
This work presents a statistical analysis of the history of the illness of alcoholics from the Burghlzli insane asylum during the period from 1879 to 1894 (367 mus. And 31 women). The known facts about the consequences of alcoholism are confirmed again in this work.
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Farshidi, Hossein, Mehdi Hassaniazad, Mahmood Hosseinpoor, Abdollah Gharibzadeh, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Shokrollah Mohseni, Hossein Abbasi, et al. "Humoral Immune Durability of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Southern Iran: A Population-Based Survey Study." Disease and Diagnosis 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2021.27.
Abstract:
Background: To promote mitigation strategies and public health response, this study aimed to evaluate the population-based seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in Hormozgan province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted within 10 districts of Hormozgan province with 1325 participants for three months by considering three-month successive follow-ups to evaluate the durability of humoral immunity. The participants completed the questionnaire, and blood samples were taken followed by immunoassay SARS-CoV-2 ELISA testing. Results: In general, 717 (54.1%) males and 596 (45.9%) females participated in this study. In phase one, 147 (11.1%) and 182 (14.7%) tested positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, respectively. Upon three months, 13.8% and 17.8% tested positive for IgG and at least for one of the antibodies. Based on the results, 606 (45.7%) cases reported no symptoms while 673 (50.8%) of them reflected at least one. Among 798 (60.2%) participants, the most common symptoms were headache (n = 244, 18.4%), sore throat (n = 186, 14.0%), weakness (n = 150, 11.3%), muscular pain (n = 139, 10.5%), and sputum cough (n = 134, 10.1%). The odds of the antibodies in females was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.82, P = 0.03). In phase 2, 43 (5.3%) participants persisted positive for IgG while 559 (73%) tested negative for IgG. Finally, 20% of the suffered participants tested positive for IgG until nine months. Conclusion: Although IgG antibodies decreased in the first six months, their titers persisted stable for nine months. It seems our population has not reached a desirable level of protection. It is stressed that mass vaccination is needed to prevent future epidemic waves.
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Funston, Alison M., Robert W. Gable, W. David McFadyen, and Peter A. Tregloan. "The Preparation of a Mixed-Ligand Cobalt(III) Complex of DPPZ and Ethylenediamine: Crystal Structures of [Co(en)2(DPPZ)] (ClO4)3.0·5H2O, [Co(en)2(bpy)]Br(ClO4)2 and [Co(en)2(phen)] Br3." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 8 (1999): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99060.
Abstract:
The complex [Co(en)2(DPPZ)] (ClO4)3 (3) has been synthesized, and the crystal structures of this complex and those of [Co(en)2(bpy)] Br(ClO4)2 (1) and [Co(en)2(phen)] Br3 (2) have been determined. Crystal data for (1): M 614 . 13, monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15), a 16 . 7834(16), b 16 . 308(3), c 8 . 3167(15) Å, β 104 . 932(11)°, V 2199 . 4(6) Å, F(000) 1240, Z 4, Dc 1 . 855 g cm−3, µ 2 . 895 cm−1 , Mo Kα (graphite monochromatized) radiation, γ 0 . 71073 Å, T 293(1) K. Crystal data for (2): M 599 . 07, triclinic, space group P1 (No. 2), a 7 . 7113(11), b 10 . 633(2), c 12 . 9884(18) Å, α 85 . 745(15), b 78 . 258(11), γ 74 . 967(16)°, V 1006 . 7(3) Å, F(000) 588, Z 2, Dc 1 . 976 g cm−3, µ6 . 819 cm−1 , MoKα (graphite monochromatized) radiation, γ 0 . 71073 Å, T 293(1) K. Crystal data for (3): M 773 . 44, monoclinic, space group P 21/c (No. 14), a 20 . 296(2), b 9 . 6197(11), c 15 . 725(2) Å, β 92 . 850(10)°, V 3066 . 4(6) Å, F(000) 1579, Z 4, Dc 1 . 675 g cm−3 , µ 0 . 898 cm−1 , MoKα(graphite monochromatized) radiation, γ 0 . 71073 Å, T 293(1) K. In all three complexes the cobalt is in the usual octahedral environment, with the cations being linked by hydrogen bonds between the amine hydrogens and the anions into extended structures.
22
Li, Shu Hong, Yi Ding, and Xiao Song Zhang. "Enhancement on CO2 Bubble Absorption in MDEA Solution by TiO2 Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.127.
Abstract:
TiO2-N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA)-H2O nanofluids were prepared by dispersing TiO2 nanoparticles in the 50wt% (mass fraction) MDEA solution. The stability of nanofluids was studied by the method of absorbance. Only with mechanical agitation, the nanofluids can keep stable at least 48 h without any dispersant. The surface tensions; kinematic viscosities and thermal conductivities of the MDEA solution were measured at the temperature of 20 °C when the TiO2 na-noparticles concentration was 0.05wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.4wt% and 0.8wt%. The results show that they all increase with increasing concentration of the nanoparticles. The maximum enhancement of the surface tension, kinematic viscosity and thermal conductivity is 0.6 %, 4.6 % and 5.9 % respectively at the concentration of 0.8 wt%. The influence of nanoparticles on CO2 bubble absorption in the MDEA solution was studied. It can be found that the CO2 absorption rate can be enhanced by 1.95%, 6.53%, 7.79%, 11.54% when the TiO2 nanoparticles concentration is 0.05wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.4wt% and 0.8wt% respectively. The possible mechanisms for the phenomena in experiments and related results are also explained.
23
Laberge, Yves. "Récits de vie comparés de trois intellectuels de gauche : Eric Hobsbawm, Pierre Bourgault, Pier Paolo Pasolini." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 1 (March 2008): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080104.
Abstract:
À propos des ouvrages suivants :Eric Hobsbawm. 2007. Franc-tireur. Autobiographie. Traduit de l'anglais par Dominique Peters et Yves Coleman. Paris : Hachette Littératures, collection Pluriel. [Édition anglaise parue en 2002 sous le titre Interesting times : a twentieth-century life]. 519 pages. ISBN 978-2-01-279368-2Jean-François Nadeau. 2007. Bourgault. Montréal : Lux Éditeur, collection Histoire politique. 606 pages. ISBN 978-2-89596-051-5Pier Paolo Pasolini. 2007. Entretiens avec Jean Duflot. Paris : Éditions Gutenberg. 257 pages. ISBN 978-2-35236-008-7
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Bassett, Mark J. "A New Gene for Flower Color Pattern, White Banner (wb), in Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid between Common and Scarlet Runner Beans." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (November 1993): 878–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.878.
Abstract:
A new gene for flower color pattern, designated white banner (WB), appeared in material derived from the cross `Harvester' snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) × Plant Introduction (PI) accession 273666 of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus L.). The WB character has a white banner petal and pale violet wings (veronica-violet 639/2). The inheritance of the mutant was studied in crosses involving dry bean breeding line 5-593, which has bishops-violet (wild-type) flowers, and genetic stocks v BC2 5-593 (white flowers) and blu BC2 5-593 (blue flowers). Segregation in F2 and F3 progenies from the cross v BC2 5-593 × WB supported the hypothesis that WB is controlled by a single recessive gene that is nonallelic with the V locus. An allelism test with blu BC2 5-593 gave evidence that WB is not allelic with the blu locus. The gene symbol wb is proposed for the gene producing WB.
25
Kibble, Rodger. "Natural Language Semantics Keith Allan (Monash University) Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001, xix+529 pp; hardbound, ISBN 0-631-19296-4, $73.95, £65.00; paperbound, ISBN 0-631-19297-2, $41.95, £17.99." Computational Linguistics 28, no. 1 (March 2002): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.2000.28.1.84.
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Esmaeili, Mehrab, Ramin Heydari, Behrouz Golhasan, and Natsumi Kanzaki. "Aphelenchoides eldaricus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Pinus eldarica in western Iran." Nematology 19, no. 5 (2017): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003074.
Abstract:
Aphelenchoides eldaricusn. sp. is described and illustrated from wood and bark samples of a dead Mondell pine in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The new species has a body length of 597 (507-700) μm (females) and 662 (636-695) μm (males). The cuticle is weakly annulated with three lateral lines and the lip region is offset. The stylet is 9.6 (9-10) μm long with small basal swellings and the excretory pore is locatedcaone body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve. The spicules are large with the dorsal limb 40 (38-42) μm long with a prominent rostrum and rounded apex. The female tail is conical, tapering gradually to an acute terminus with a simple ventral mucron. The male tail bears six (2 + 2 + 2) caudal papillae and a well-developed mucron. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category ofAphelenchoidesspecies and is close to four known species, namelyA. cibolensis,A. indicus,A. rutgersiandA. sacchari. Molecular analyses of the partial 18S and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene confirmed its morphological status as a new species.
27
He, Ling, Wei Min Sun, Yu Tian Ding, and Yu Hua Wang. "Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of the Novel Red Phosphor Gd2MoB2O9: Eu." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1327.
Abstract:
A novel phosphor, Gd2MoB2O9:Eu3+ has been synthesized by solid-state reaction and its photoluminescence in UV-VUV range are investigated. A sharp excitation band is observed in the region of 120–135 nm, which is related to the charge-transfer (CT) band of Gd3+. The broad band around 135–160 nm can be assigned to the BO3 host absorption. The broad bands around 248 nm are assigned to the CT band of Eu3+-O2-. The phosphors emit strong red luminescence centered at about 591 nm, 614 nm and 626 nm due to the5D0–7F1 and 5D0–7F2 transitions of Eu3+. The main emission peak under 254 and 147 nm excitations also shows different shifts with increasing Eu3+ concentration. This could be due to the different luminescence sites selected at high doping concentrations of Eu3+. Gd2MoB2O9:Eu3+ shows the pure red emission under both 254 and 147 nm excitations.
28
Lu, Xiaojia, Pengyang Li, Catherine Teng, Peng Cai, and Bin Wang. "Anemia Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy." Angiology 72, no. 9 (March 9, 2021): 842–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319721999492.
Abstract:
The association between anemia and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) has not been well studied. To assess the effect of anemia on patients hospitalized with TCM, we identified 4733 patients with a primary diagnosis of TCM from the 2016 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (the United States) using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, Clinical Modification ( ICD-10-CM) code. Of these, 603 (12.7%) patients had a comorbidity of anemia and 4130 did not. After propensity score matching, we compared the in-hospital outcomes between the 2 groups (anemia vs nonanemia, n = 594 vs 1137). Patients with TCM with anemia had significantly higher rates of in-hospital complications, including cardiogenic shock (11.4% vs 4.0%, P < .001), ventricular arrhythmia (6.6% vs 3.6%, P = .008), acute kidney injury (22.7% vs 13.1%, P < .001), acute respiratory failure (22.6% vs 13.1%, P < .001), longer length of hospital stay (5.6 ± 5.8 days vs 3.6 ± 3.6 days, P < .001), and higher total charges (US$79 586 ± 10 2436 vs US$50 711 ± 42 639, P < .001). In conclusion, patients with anemia who were admitted for TCM were associated with a higher incidence of in-hospital complications compared with those without anemia.
29
Debouverie, M., L. Taillandier, S. Pittion-Vouyovitch, S. Louis, and H. Vespignani. "Clinical follow-up of 304 patients with multiple sclerosis three years after mitoxantrone treatment." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 5 (February 16, 2007): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506072543.
Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to assess the benefits of 1) mitoxantrone after three years of follow-up and 2) disease-modifying treatment (DMT) after stopping mitoxantrone. A retrospective analysis was performed on 304 patients with active relapsing-remitting (RR) or progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) who were treated with mitoxantrone. After mitoxantrone therapy, some patients received DMT (interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate) while others did not. The disease course of the two groups was evaluated by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) before and after mitoxantrone and then every year for three years. The mean EDSS score at starting mitoxantrone and three years after stopping mitoxantrone respectively, were: 3.3 (1.3) and 3.2 (1.7) for the RRMS patients and 5.9 (1.2) and 6.4 (1.4) for the PMS patients. Before starting mitoxantrone, demographic and clinical parameters of predictive disability were not significantly different between patients who received DMT or not. The variation of EDSS between time of stopping mitoxantrone and three years later was significantly different (+0.9 versus +0.3; P=0.03) for patients with RRMS. We found that mitoxantrone treatment induces stable disease up to two years after discontinuation of mitoxantrone therapy. In the third year, patients without DMT deteriorated. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 626-631. http://msj.sagepub.com
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Luh, Kyle. "Complex random matrices have no real eigenvalues." Random Matrices: Theory and Applications 07, no. 01 (January 2018): 1750014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010326317500149.
Abstract:
Let [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are iid copies of a mean zero, variance one, subgaussian random variable. Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text] random matrix with entries that are iid copies of [Formula: see text]. We prove that there exists a [Formula: see text] such that the probability that [Formula: see text] has any real eigenvalues is less than [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] only depends on the subgaussian moment of [Formula: see text]. The bound is optimal up to the value of the constant [Formula: see text]. The principal component of the proof is an optimal tail bound on the least singular value of matrices of the form [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a deterministic complex matrix with the condition that [Formula: see text] for some constant [Formula: see text] depending on the subgaussian moment of [Formula: see text]. For this class of random variables, this result improves on the results of Pan–Zhou [Circular law, extreme singular values and potential theory, J. Multivariate Anal. 101(3) (2010) 645–656] and Rudelson–Vershynin [The Littlewood–Offord problem and invertibility of random matrices, Adv. Math. 218(2) (2008) 600–633]. In the proof of the tail bound, we develop an optimal small-ball probability bound for complex random variables that generalizes the Littlewood–Offord theory developed by Tao–Vu [From the Littlewood–Offord problem to the circular law: Universality of the spectral distribution of random matrices, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.[Formula: see text]N.S.[Formula: see text] 46(3) (2009) 377–396; Inverse Littlewood–Offord theorems and the condition number of random discrete matrices, Ann. of Math.[Formula: see text] 169(2) (2009) 595–632] and Rudelson–Vershynin [The Littlewood–Offord problem and invertibility of random matrices, Adv. Math. 218(2) (2008) 600–633; Smallest singular value of a random rectangular matrix, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 62(12) (2009) 1707–1739].
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Hagobian, Todd Alan, Megan Yamashiro, Jake Hinkel-Lipsker, Katherine Streder, Nero Evero, and Terry Hackney. "Effects of acute exercise on appetite hormones and ad libitum energy intake in men and women." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 1 (January 2013): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0104.
Abstract:
Acute exercise suppresses relative energy intake; however, it remains unclear whether this occurs in both men and women exposed to the same relative exercise treatment. Eleven healthy men (22 ± 2 years; 16% ± 6% body fat (BF); 26 ± 4 body mass index (BMI); 42.9 ± 6.5 mL·kg–1·min–1 peak oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2peak)) and 10 healthy women (21 ± 2 years; 24 ± 2 BMI; 23% ± 3% BF; 39.9 ± 5.5 mL·kg–1·min–1 [Formula: see text]O2peak) rested for 60 min or exercised on a cycle ergometer at 70% [Formula: see text]O2peak until 30% of total daily energy expenditure was expended (men, expenditure = 975 ± 195 kcal in 82 ± 13 min; women, expenditure = 713 ± 86 kcal in 84 ± 17 min) in a counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Appetite hormones and appetite ratings were assessed in response to each condition. Forty minutes after both conditions, ad libitum total and relative energy intake (energy intake minus energy cost of exercise) were assessed at a buffet meal. There was no significant sex or condition effect in appetite hormones (PYY3-36, acylated ghrelin, insulin) and appetite ratings (hunger, satisfaction, fullness). Total energy intake in men was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in exercise and rest conditions (1648 ± 950, 1216 ± 633 kcal, respectively) compared with women (591 ± 183, 590 ± 231 kcal, respectively). Relative energy intake was significantly lower (P < 0.05) after exercise compared with rest in men (672 ± 827, 1133 ± 619 kcal, respectively) and women (−121 ± 243, 530 ± 233 kcal, respectively). These data highlight the effectiveness of acute exercise to suppress relative energy intake regardless of sex.
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Keane, M. G., G. J. More O'Ferrall, J. Connolly, and P. Allen. "Carcass composition of serially slaughtered Friesian, Hereford × Friesian and Charolais × Friesian steers finished on two dietary energy levels." Animal Science 50, no. 2 (April 1990): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004682.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe carcass composition of Hereford × Friesian (HE), Friesian (FR) and Charolais × Friesian (CH) steers finished on diets of high (H) and medium (M) dietary metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations and slaughtered at low (L), normal (N) and heavy (W) carcass weights was examined in a 3 × 2 × 3 (no. = 9 per individual treatment) factorial experiment. A pre-finishing slaughter group of nine animals of each breed type was also included, giving a total 189 animals in 21 experimental groups. ME concentrations of the H and M diets which were offered ad libitum were 12·6 and 10·4 MJ/kg dry matter. Target carcass weights for L, N and W were 260, 300 and 340 kg for HE and FR and 260, 320 and 380 kg for CH.Carcass side weights (before tissue separation) of the HE, FR and CH pre-finishing slaughter groups were 90·8, 970 and 101·0 (s.e.d. 3·9) kg. Corresponding tissue proportions were 188, 199 and 200 (s.e.d. 4·3) g/kg bone, 663, 686 and 690 (s.e.d. 5·3) g/kg muscle and 135, 99 and 96 (s.e.d. 5·7) g/kg fat. Main effect side weights of the finished groups were 152·3, 151·4 and 162·2 (s.e.d. 1·4) kg for HE, FR and CH. 158·5 and 152·2 (s.e.d. 1·1) kg for H and M and 131·2, 155·2 and 179·6 (s.e.d. 1·4) kg for L, N and W, respectively. Tissue proportions in the same order were 146, 160 and 157 (s.e.d. 2·0), 149 and 159 (s.e.d. 1·6) and 163, 154 and 146 (s.e.d. 2·0) g/kg bone, 579, 601 and 635 (s.e.d. 5·5), 600 and 610 (s.e.d. 4·5) and 637, 599 and 574 (s.e.d. 5·5) g/kg muscle and 264, 228 and 195 (s.e.d. 6·4), 240 and 219 (s.e.d. 5·2) and 188, 235 and 264 (s.e.d. 6·4) g/kg fat. CH had more (P < 0·001) of their muscle in the pelvic limb and less (P < 0001) in the thorax than HE and FR. HE had more (P < 0·001) of their carcass fat in the subcutaneous depot and less (P < 0·001) in the intermuscular depot than FR and CH. The allometric regression coefficients for the main joint and tissue weights on side weight were <1·0 for both limbs, loin, bone and muscle. Coefficients were >1·0 for the thorax, ribs, flank and fat. The regression coefficients for the main muscles of the pelvic limb and loin and total thoracic limb muscle on total side muscle were <l·0, while the coefficients for the flank, ribs and thorax muscles were >1·0. Similarly the regression coefficients for the bones of the two limbs on total side bone were <10, while the coefficients for the loin, ribs and thorax bones were >10. It was calculated (for the H diet) that at a carcass weight of 300 kg, HE, FR and CH would have carcass tissue proportions of 576, 600 and 642 g/kg muscle and 261, 227 and 180 g/kg fat. The three breed types would have similar carcass fat contents at carcass weights of 264, 300 and 376 kg for HE, FR and CH, respectively.
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Faría-Mármol, J., J. González, C. A. Rodríguez, and M. R. Alvir. "Effect of diet forage to concentrate ratio on rumen degradability and post-ruminal availability of protein from fresh and dried lucerne." Animal Science 74, no. 2 (April 2002): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052498.
Abstract:
AbstractThe ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and the intestinal availability of CP of four lucerne samples were measured on two diets with lucerne hay to concentrate ratios of 2: 1 (diet F) and 1: 2 (diet C). Two samples of fresh lucerne (third cut) harvested after 2 (FL1) or 8 (FL2) weeks from the previous cut were used together with a sample of lucerne hay (LH) and another of dehydrated lucerne (DL). Rumen degradability, measured by the nylon bag technique, and rumen outflow rates were determined on three rumen cannulated wethers. Intestinal digestibility was determined by the mobile bag technique on three duodenal fistulated wethers. For CP, significantly lower values were observed with diet C than with diet F for the potentially degradable insoluble fraction (0·334 v. 0·397) and its degradation rate (0·093 v. 0·134 per h). As a consequence, the effective degradability was also lower with diet C (0·746 v. 0·821; P = 0·059). Effective degradability of DM was also apparently lower with diet C (0·596 v. 0·634). With both diets, the intestinal digestibility decreased in all the samples with increase of ruminal incubation time according to a simple exponential equation. The undegraded CP digested in the gut (Di) and therefore the effective intestinal digestibility (EID) were derived from this exponential function according to the rumen outflow of undegraded CP. Mean values of Di (expressed as proportion of food CP content) were respectively 0·091 and 0·142 for F and C diets and 0·084, 0·115, 0·116, and 0·152 for FL1, FL2, LH and DL samples. Lower rumen degradability was partially compensated for by higher Di values resulting in a close correlation between both parameters (r = –0·965; P 0·001). The change of the digestion site associated with the reduction of the effective degradability of CP produced also an increase in the undigested CP as a proportion of food CP. So, these values are respectively 0·087 and 0·112 for F and C diets and 0·053, 0·109, 0·096, and 0·141 for FL1, FL2, LH, and DL samples. No difference in EID between F and C diets was observed (0·529 v. 0·563). For samples, the only effect (P 0·05) was recorded between FL1 (0·618) and the other samples (0·509, 0·544 and 0·512 for FL2, LH, and DL, respectively).
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Ouellette, Samantha, and Babar K. Rao. "Usefulness of Smartphones in Dermatology: A US-Based Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063553.
Abstract:
(1) Background: As smartphones have become more widely used, they have become an appealing tool for health-related functions. For dermatology alone, hundreds of applications (apps) are available to download for both patients and providers. (2) Methods: The Google Play Store and Apple App Store were searched from the United States using dermatology-related terms. Apps were categorized based on description, and the number of reviews, download cost, target audience, and use of AI were recorded. The top apps from each category by number of reviews were reported. Additionally, literature on the benefits and limitations of using smartphones for dermatology were reviewed. (3) Results: A total of 632 apps were included in the study: 395 (62.5%) were marketed towards patients, 203 (32.1%) towards providers, and 34 (5.4%) towards both; 265 (41.9%) were available only on the Google Play Store, 146 (23.1%) only on the Apple App Store, and 221 (35.0%) were available on both; and 595 (94.1%) were free to download and 37 (5.9%) had a cost to download, ranging from USD 0.99 to USD 349.99 (median USD 37.49). A total of 99 apps (15.7%) reported the use of artificial intelligence. (4) Conclusions: Although there are many benefits of using smartphones for dermatology, lack of regulation and high-quality evidence supporting the efficacy and accuracy of apps hinders their potential.
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Saha, RR, A. Hannan, A. Nessa, MA Malek, and MR Islam. "Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i2.35147.
Abstract:
An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)
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Karki, Subindra, Ram Chandra Paudel, Arun Phuyal, and Mohit Raj Dahal. "MRI IN THE EVALUATION OF ROTATOR CUFF TENDONS IN CHRONIC SHOULDER PAIN." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 11, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.549.
Abstract:
Background: Shoulder pain is the third most common cause of non- traumatic musculoskeletal pain with rotator cuff pathology being the most common cause. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice which helps in accurate diagnosis for making a treatment plan as wrong treatment strategy may lead to poor prognosis. Methods: A descriptive prospective study conducted in 100 individuals with non-traumatic chronic shoulder pain referred to referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre between 27th August 2020 to 29th August 2021. MRI images were acquired and analyzed by using IBM SPSS 21.0 version Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation and chi square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Rotator cuff pathology was most commonly encountered with supraspinatus being the most frequently involved tendon seen in 28(63.6%), followed by subscapularis 10(22.7%), infraspinatus 4(9%) and teres minor 2(4.5%).Similarly, MRI detected partial tear of supraspinatus in 23(52.2%),partial tear of subscapularis in 8(18.1%),partial tear of infraspinatus in 3(6.8%) and partial tear of teres minor in 2(4.5%) patients. Likewise, complete tear of supraspinatus was observed in 5(11.3%), complete tear of subscapularis in 2(4.5%) and complete tear of infraspinatus in 1(2.2%). Conclusions: Rotator cuff pathologies were the most common causes of chronic shoulder pain, predominantly partial tear of supraspinatus, followed by subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres minor. Magnetic resonance imaging has become the gold standard for diagnostic imaging of the shoulder related to soft tissue injury.
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Flores-Márquez, L., J. Márquez-Cruz, A. Ramírez-Rojas, G. Gálvez-Coyt, and F. Angulo-Brown. "A statistical analysis of electric self-potential time series associated to two 1993 earthquakes in Mexico." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 5 (September 28, 2007): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-549-2007.
Abstract:
Abstract. Recent studies related with earthquake prediction involve statistical studies of the ground electric self-potential behavior. Published results about the complexity of this kind of processes encourage us to study the statistical behavior of the ground electric self-potential recorded in Guerrero state, Mexico. This region is characterized by high seismicity. The electric self-potential variations were recorded in the Acapulco station directly from the ground. The sampling period was four seconds and the data were stored from March to December of 1993. Two significant earthquakes (EQs) occurred near this station, 15 May and 24 October whose magnitudes were Mw=6.0 and Mw=6.6 respectively. A preliminary processing was carried out consisting of a moving average of the original time series in order to filter the very high frequencies and to complete short lacks of data and outliers. Then, a visual inspection of the complete filtered signal was performed to search some seismic electric signals (SES), which were ambiguously depicted. Subsequently, a detrending of µ=0 was applied with the windows of 3.3, 6.6 and 10 h. Later, the analysis of the spectral exponent β was made, showing changes during the total period examined, and the most evident changes occurred during the preparation mechanism of the Mw=6.6 EQ. Fifteen days before the 24 October EQ, a Brownian-noise like behavior was displayed (β≈2), having a duration of about two days. In addition a Higuchi fractal method and wavelet analysis were made confirming the presence of the β-anomaly.
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Reiter, Florian C. "Lagerwey, John, and Lü Pengzhi (eds.): Early Chinese Religion. Part 2; vol. 1: The Period of Division (220–589 ad)." Anthropos 107, no. 2 (2012): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2012-2-638.
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Serwin, Karol, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, and Miłosz Parczewski. "Phylodynamic Dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Circulating across Polish–German Border Provinces." Viruses 14, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050884.
Abstract:
Introduction: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with significant molecular evolution over time. Large-scale phylodynamic studies allow to map the virus spread and inform preventive strategies. Aim: This study investigates the extent of binational dispersal and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages between seven border provinces of the adjacent countries of Poland and Germany to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission networks. Methods: Following three pandemic waves from March 2020 to the end of May 2021, we analysed a dataset of 19,994 sequences divided into B.1.1.7|Alpha and non-Alpha lineage groups. We performed phylogeographic analyses using the discrete diffusion models to identify the pathways of virus spread. Results: Based on population dynamics inferences, in total, 673 lineage introductions (95% HPD interval 641–712) for non-Alpha and 618 (95% HPD interval 599–639) for B.1.1.7|Alpha were identified in the area. For non-Alpha lineages, 5.05% binational, 86.63% exclusively German, and 8.32% Polish clusters were found, with a higher frequency of international clustering observed for B.1.1.7|Alpha (13.11% for binational, 68.44% German and 18.45% Polish, p < 0.001). We identified key transmission hubs for the analysed lineages, namely Saxony, West Pomerania and Lower Silesia. Conclusions: Clustering patterns between Poland and Germany reflect the viral variant transmission dynamics at the international level in the borderline area. Tracing the spread of the virus between two adjacent large European countries may provide a basis for future intervention policies in cross-border cooperation efforts against the spread of the pandemics.
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Serwin, Karol, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, and Miłosz Parczewski. "Phylodynamic Dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Circulating across Polish–German Border Provinces." Viruses 14, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050884.
Abstract:
Introduction: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with significant molecular evolution over time. Large-scale phylodynamic studies allow to map the virus spread and inform preventive strategies. Aim: This study investigates the extent of binational dispersal and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages between seven border provinces of the adjacent countries of Poland and Germany to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission networks. Methods: Following three pandemic waves from March 2020 to the end of May 2021, we analysed a dataset of 19,994 sequences divided into B.1.1.7|Alpha and non-Alpha lineage groups. We performed phylogeographic analyses using the discrete diffusion models to identify the pathways of virus spread. Results: Based on population dynamics inferences, in total, 673 lineage introductions (95% HPD interval 641–712) for non-Alpha and 618 (95% HPD interval 599–639) for B.1.1.7|Alpha were identified in the area. For non-Alpha lineages, 5.05% binational, 86.63% exclusively German, and 8.32% Polish clusters were found, with a higher frequency of international clustering observed for B.1.1.7|Alpha (13.11% for binational, 68.44% German and 18.45% Polish, p < 0.001). We identified key transmission hubs for the analysed lineages, namely Saxony, West Pomerania and Lower Silesia. Conclusions: Clustering patterns between Poland and Germany reflect the viral variant transmission dynamics at the international level in the borderline area. Tracing the spread of the virus between two adjacent large European countries may provide a basis for future intervention policies in cross-border cooperation efforts against the spread of the pandemics.
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Serwin, Karol, Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, and Miłosz Parczewski. "Phylodynamic Dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Circulating across Polish–German Border Provinces." Viruses 14, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14050884.
Abstract:
Introduction: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with significant molecular evolution over time. Large-scale phylodynamic studies allow to map the virus spread and inform preventive strategies. Aim: This study investigates the extent of binational dispersal and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages between seven border provinces of the adjacent countries of Poland and Germany to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission networks. Methods: Following three pandemic waves from March 2020 to the end of May 2021, we analysed a dataset of 19,994 sequences divided into B.1.1.7|Alpha and non-Alpha lineage groups. We performed phylogeographic analyses using the discrete diffusion models to identify the pathways of virus spread. Results: Based on population dynamics inferences, in total, 673 lineage introductions (95% HPD interval 641–712) for non-Alpha and 618 (95% HPD interval 599–639) for B.1.1.7|Alpha were identified in the area. For non-Alpha lineages, 5.05% binational, 86.63% exclusively German, and 8.32% Polish clusters were found, with a higher frequency of international clustering observed for B.1.1.7|Alpha (13.11% for binational, 68.44% German and 18.45% Polish, p < 0.001). We identified key transmission hubs for the analysed lineages, namely Saxony, West Pomerania and Lower Silesia. Conclusions: Clustering patterns between Poland and Germany reflect the viral variant transmission dynamics at the international level in the borderline area. Tracing the spread of the virus between two adjacent large European countries may provide a basis for future intervention policies in cross-border cooperation efforts against the spread of the pandemics.
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Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., M. Ginolfi, F. Pozzi, M. Béthermin, O. Le Fèvre, S. Fujimoto, J. D. Silverman, et al. "The ALPINE-ALMA [C II] survey." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (October 27, 2020): A5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038231.
Abstract:
The molecular gas content of normal galaxies at z > 4 is poorly constrained because the commonly used molecular gas tracers become hard to detect at these high redshifts. We use the [C II] 158 μm luminosity, which was recently proposed as a molecular gas tracer, to estimate the molecular gas content in a large sample of main sequence star-forming galaxies at z = 4.4 − 5.9, with a median stellar mass of 109.7 M⊙, drawn from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [C II] at Early times survey. The agreement between the molecular gas masses derived from [C II] luminosities, dynamical masses, and rest-frame 850 μm luminosities extrapolated from the rest-frame 158 μm continuum supports [C II] as a reliable tracer of molecular gas in our sample. We find a continuous decline of the molecular gas depletion timescale from z = 0 to z = 5.9, which reaches a mean value of (4.6 ± 0.8) × 108 yr at z ∼ 5.5, only a factor of between two and three shorter than in present-day galaxies. This suggests a mild enhancement of the star formation efficiency toward high redshifts. Our estimates also show that the previously reported rise in the molecular gas fraction flattens off above z ∼ 3.7 to achieve a mean value of 63%±3% over z = 4.4 − 5.9. This redshift evolution of the gas fraction is in line with that of the specific star formation rate. We use multi-epoch abundance-matching to follow the gas fraction evolution across cosmic time of progenitors of z = 0 Milky Way-like galaxies in ∼1013 M⊙ halos and of more massive z = 0 galaxies in ∼1014 M⊙ halos. Interestingly, the former progenitors show a monotonic increase of the gas fraction with redshift, while the latter show a steep rise from z = 0 to z ∼ 2 followed by a constant gas fraction from z ∼ 2 to z = 5.9. We discuss three possible effects, namely outflows, a pause in gas supply, and over-efficient star formation, which may jointly contribute to the gas fraction plateau of the latter massive galaxies.
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Xi, Jing, Kathleen Harnden, Jingqin Luo, Greg S. Call, Elizabeth Mauer, Karyn Ronski, Cynthia X. Ma, and Neil Vasan. "Abstract P3-09-04: Genomic landscape of HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer with PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P3–09–04—P3–09–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p3-09-04.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: Alpelisib and fulvestrant are used as a combination treatment option for postmenopausal PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), advanced or metastatic breast cancer (a/mBC) patients. However, despite the presence of activating mutations in PIK3CA, the majority of patients do not derive benefit, or ultimately progress while on alpelisib therapy. Here, we investigate the genomic landscape of PIK3CA-mutated, HER2- a/mBC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to provide insight into possible mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to alpelisib/fulvestrant and to identify potential targetable pathways. Methods: We utilized the Tempus LENS platform to retrospectively analyze de-identified NGS data from 2,918 a/mBC patients with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies sequenced using the Tempus|xT solid tumor assay (DNA-seq of 595-648 genes at 500x coverage; full transcriptome RNA-seq). Mutations identified included germline and/or somatic single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions and copy number variations (gains defined as ≥8 copies). We used curated clinical data to determine HER2 and hormone receptor (ER/PR) status. Results: Among 2,918 a/mBC patients, we identified somatic mutations in PIK3CA in 782 (26.8%). Within these tumors, 629 (80.4%) had one of the 11 mutations currently included in the alpelisib companion diagnostic, and we focused on this population (here defined as mut-PIK3CA). Of these 629, 546 (86.8%) were HER2-, with 176 (32.3%) and 370 (67.7%) derived from primary and metastatic tumors, respectively. Cases were further classified as HR+ (defined as ER+ or PR+) or triple negative (TNBC). While the majority of mutPIK3CA samples were identified in HR+ disease, 10% of the cases occurred in TNBC. Within the mutPIK3CA cohort, tumor mutational burden high (TMB-H; defined as ≥10 mutations/MB) was detected in 11.5% of samples, while microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) was detected in 0.5%. MSI-H was detected at a higher frequency in TNBC compared to HR+. Overall, the most commonly co-mutated genes among mutPIK3CA, HER2- samples were TP53 (34.6%), CDH1 (21.6%), ESR1 (12.3%), KMT2C (11%), MAP3K1 (9.5%), ARID1A (8.1%), PTEN (6.8%), GATA3 (6.6%), NF1 (5.9%), and TBX3 (5.9%) among others (Table 1); some of these genes have previously been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy or PI3K inhibitor. In addition, in HR+ disease, metastatic samples had a higher frequency of mutations in genes implicated in endocrine resistance, such as ESR1 (18.7% vs 1.9%), ERBB2 (3.3% vs 2.6%), NF1 (6.8% vs 2.6%), compared to primary tumors. We also identified copy number gains (CNG) in several cell cycle genes, including: CCND1 (15.2%), CDK4 (2.7%), and AURKA (2.6%) (Table 1). Finally, further analyses at the transcript-level are the subject of on-going research. Conclusions: Our study highlights that there is substantial genomic heterogeneity among mutPIK3CA, HER2- a/mBCs. Across a series of comparisons between primary and metastatic samples, as well as HR+ and TNBC subtypes, we identified a number of co-mutations that occur alongside mutPIK3CA and which could be potentially exploited by targeted therapies. Future studies are needed to assess the prognostic/predictive role of these and other candidate gene alterations. Table 1. Genomic features of mutPIK3CA, HER2– a/mBCPrimaryMetastaticTotalAny PIK3CA Mutation1255527782mutPIK3CA2204425629HER2– (n=176)HER2– (n=370)546HR+ HER2– 154 (88%)TNBC 22 (12%)HR+ HER2– 337 (91%)TNBC 33 (9%)TMB-H16 (10.3%)2 (9.1%)41 (12%)4 (12%)63 (11.5%)MSI-H1 (0.6%)1 (4.5%)0 (0%)1 (3.0%)3 (0.5%)Co-mutations (mutPIK3CA): n (%)TP5347 (30.5%)14 (63.6%)101 (30%)27 (81.8%)189 (34.6%)CDH137 (24%)1 (4.5%)75 (22.3%)5 (15.2%)118 (21.6%)KMT2C17 (11%)1 (4.5%)40 (11.9%)2 (6.1%)60 (11%)MAP3K117 (11%)1 (4.5%)31 (9.2%)1 (3%)50 (9.2%)ARID1A15 (9.7%)0 (0%)26 (7.7%)2 (6.1%)43(7.9%)PTEN12 (7.8%)1 (4.5%)21 (6.2%)3 (9.1%)37 (6.8%)GATA311 (7.1%)0 (0%)23 (6.8%)2 (6.1%)35 (6.6%)TBX311 (7.1%)1 (4.5%)19 (5.6%)1 (3%)32 (5.9%)NCOR12 (1.3%)1 (4.5%)18 (5.3%)0 (0%)21 (3.8%)FOXA17 (4.5%)2 (9.1%)10 (3%)1 (3%)20 (3.7%)MAP2K41 (0.6%)1 (4.5%)12 (3.6%)1 (3%)15 (2.7%)ESR13 (1.9%)0 (0%)63 (18.7%)1 (3%)67 (12.3%)PIK3R13 (1.9%)0 (0%)4 (1.2%)0 (0%)7 (1.3%)AKT11 (0.6%)0 (0%)1 (0.6%)0 (0%)2 (0.4%)RB15 (3.2%)1 (4.5%)8 (2.4%)1 (3%)15 (2.7%)NF14 (2.6%)3 (13.6%)23 (6.8%)2 (6.1%)32 (5.9%)ERBB24 (2.6%)4 (18.2%)11 (3.3%)2 (6.1%)21 (3.8%)CCND1 CNG22 (14%)0 (0%)61 (18%)0 (0%)83 (15.2%)AURKA CNG3 (1.9%)0 (0%)11 (3.3%)0 (0%)14 (2.6%)CDK4 CNG5 (3.2%)1 (4.5%)7 (2.1%)1 (3.0%)14 (2.6%)1any somatic variant detected in PIK3CA2somatic PIK3CA mutations among the 11 currently included in the alpelisib companion diagnostic (C420R, E542K, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, Q546E, Q546R, H1047L, H1047R, and H1047Y) Citation Format: Jing Xi, Kathleen Harnden, Jingqin Luo, Greg S. Call, Elizabeth Mauer, Karyn Ronski, Cynthia X. Ma, Neil Vasan. Genomic landscape of HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer with PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-04.
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Kostyukov, A. I., A. A. Nashivochnikov, Vl N. Snytnikov, M. I. Rakhmanova, and V. N. Snytnikov. "Study of t-ZrO2 : Eu3+ nanophosphor obtained by laser vaporisation using a cw CO2 laser." Quantum Electronics 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel17982.
Abstract:
Abstract ZrO2 : Eu3+ nanophosphor has been fabricated by vaporisation of a ceramic target of specified composition using a CO2 laser, with subsequent vapour condensation in an argon flow. Nanoparticles with spherical morphology have been synthesised at a pressure of 0.1 atm. The t-ZrO2 phase is found to be dominant (98 %). According to the transmission electron microscopy data, the nanoparticle size is 10 ± 4 nm. The luminescence properties of fabricated nanoparticles have been studied. It is shown that the strong red luminescence of the samples is mainly due to the bands peaking at 591 and 606 nm, which are related, respectively, to the 5D0 → 7F1 and 5D0 → 7F2 transitions of Eu3+ ion in the t-ZrO2 structure. It is shown also that europium is uniformly distributed over the ZrO2 matrix during laser synthesis. A comparative study of the t-ZrO2 : Eu3+ nanophosphor and the initial coarse-grained target has been performed. It is concluded that the proposed method of laser vaporisation is promising for synthesising t-ZrO2-based nanophosphors.
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Landstreet, J. D., and S. Bagnulo. "Discovery of kilogauss magnetic fields on the nearby white dwarfs WD 1105–340 and WD 2150+591." Astronomy & Astrophysics 623 (March 2019): A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834638.
Abstract:
Magnetic fields are present in roughly 10% of white dwarfs. These fields affect the structure and evolution of such stars, and may provide clues about their earlier evolution history. Particularly important for statistical studies is the collection of high-precision spectropolarimetric observations of (1) complete magnitude-limited samples and (2) complete volume-limited samples of white dwarfs. In the course of one of our surveys we have discovered previously unknown kG-level magnetic fields on two nearby white dwarfs, WD 1105–340 and WD 2150+591. Both stars are brighter than mV = 15. WD 2150+591 is within the 20 pc volume around the Sun, while WD 1105–340 is just beyond 25 pc in distance. These discoveries increase the small sample of such weak-field white dwarfs from 21 to 23 stars. Our data appear consistent with roughly dipolar field topology, but it also appears that the surface field structure may be more complex on the older star than on the younger one, a result similar to one found earlier in our study of the weak-field stars WD 2034+372 and WD 2359–434. This encourages further efforts to uncover a clear link between magnetic morphology and stellar evolution.
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Maxwell, Sean L., Tom Evans, James E. M. Watson, Alexandra Morel, Hedley Grantham, Adam Duncan, Nancy Harris, et al. "Degradation and forgone removals increase the carbon impact of intact forest loss by 626%." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaax2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax2546.
Abstract:
Intact tropical forests, free from substantial anthropogenic influence, store and sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon but are currently neglected in international climate policy. We show that between 2000 and 2013, direct clearance of intact tropical forest areas accounted for 3.2% of gross carbon emissions from all deforestation across the pantropics. However, full carbon accounting requires the consideration of forgone carbon sequestration, selective logging, edge effects, and defaunation. When these factors were considered, the net carbon impact resulting from intact tropical forest loss between 2000 and 2013 increased by a factor of 6 (626%), from 0.34 (0.37 to 0.21) to 2.12 (2.85 to 1.00) petagrams of carbon (equivalent to approximately 2 years of global land use change emissions). The climate mitigation value of conserving the 549 million ha of tropical forest that remains intact is therefore significant but will soon dwindle if their rate of loss continues to accelerate.
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Major, Michael L., Rita Lepe, and Robert H. Costa. "Forkhead Box M1B Transcriptional Activity Requires Binding of Cdk-Cyclin Complexes for Phosphorylation-Dependent Recruitment of p300/CBP Coactivators." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 2649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.7.2649-2661.2004.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Previous liver regeneration studies demonstrated that the mouse forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) transcription factor regulates hepatocyte proliferation through expression of cell cycle genes that stimulate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cdk1 activity. In this study, we demonstrated that disruption of the FoxM1B Cdk1/2 phosphorylation site at Thr residue 596 significantly reduced both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B T596A mutant protein in vivo. Retention of this FoxM1B 596 Cdk phosphorylation site was found to be essential for recruiting the histone acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP) to the FoxM1B transcriptional activation domain. Consistent with these findings, dominant negative Cdk1 protein significantly reduced FoxM1B transcriptional activity and inhibited FoxM1B recruitment of the CBP coactivator protein. Likewise, Cdc25B-mediated stimulation of Cdk activity together with elevated levels of the CBP coactivator protein provided a 6.2-fold synergistic increase in FoxM1B transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutation of the FoxM1B Leu 641 residue within an LXL motif (residues 639 to 641) inhibited recruitment of Cdk-cyclin complexes and caused significant reduction in both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and in vivo Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue. We demonstrated that FoxM1B transcriptional activity requires binding of either S-phase or M-phase Cdk-cyclin complexes to mediate efficient Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue, which is essential for recruitment of p300/CBP coactivator proteins.
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Ikegawa, Chiho, ChisatoYo koyama, Verena Haupt, and Jean-Christophe Delumeau. "An observational study of sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII for Japanese patients with haemophilia A." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 100, no. 07 (2008): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-12-0724.
Abstract:
SummaryThe safety and efficacy of sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII-FS; Kogenate® FS) under usual clinical practice were evaluated for 12 months in an observational, postmarketing surveillance study conducted at 214 treatment centres throughout Japan. The study included 631 patients with haemophilia A, 80% of whom had severe or moderately-severe disease (≤2% FVIII:C).Most patients (n=477;75.6%) had >100 prior exposure days (EDs), but the study also included 62 (9.8%) patients with <20 EDs who were at high risk for inhibitor development. A total of 71,240 infusions were administered during the observation (mean, 113 ± 108 per patient). Physicians rated efficacy and tolerability of rFVIII-FS as “very good” or “good” in >99% of patients. FVIII inhibitors were observed in seven patients (5 de novo; 1 persistent/fluctuating; 1 recurrent).The overall de novo inhibitor incidence was 0.8% (5/631; or 5/599 among the subgroup of patients with negative baseline titre and no known inhibitor history).De novo cases represented 3.2% (2/62) of patients with <20 EDs at enrollment (2/57 in the no inhibitor subgroup) and 0.2 % (1/477) of patients pretreated with >100 EDs (1/452 in the no inhibitor subgroup) at enrollment. The results of this large observational study demonstrate that rFVIII-FS is both safe and efficacious as used in the usual clinical setting for the treatment of Japanese patients with mild to severe haemophiliaA. This study supports the efficacy of rFVIII-FS with an incidence of inhibitor formation no greater than in a comparable European study or previous phase III clinical studies.
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Chagas, L. P., J. C. Joyeux, and F. R. Fonseca. "Small-scale spatial changes in estuarine fish: subtidal assemblages in tropical Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 4 (June 15, 2006): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406013804.
Abstract:
Monthly sampling was conducted during one year in three zones along the estuarine gradient of Baía de Vitória, Brazil. Within each zone, unreplicated night trawls were done in deep subtidal flats located 130–210 m away and 2–3 m deeper than shallow ones. Twenty-one taxa represented 97.5% of the total mean fish abundance. The taxa Achirus lineatus (mean±SD: 2076±1269 10−4 m2), Eucinostomus spp. (694±807), Symphurus tessellatus (400±626), Sphoeroides testudineus (367±597) and Lutjanus synagris (323±445) dominated the deep assemblage (N=36) while Eucinostomus spp. (3649±4913), A. lineatus (1287±1569), S. testudineus (1208±1986), L. synagris (1101±927) and Sphoeroides greeleyi (569±1404) dominated the shallow assemblage (N=35). Taxa exclusive of one or the other depth showed extremely low abundance. The low-salinity shallow flats showed higher total abundance and taxa number than the high salinity deep locales but richness, diversity and equitability showed no significant differences among the six stations. The assemblage structure was significantly correlated to the depth structure but not to physico-chemical characteristics of the water. However, the spatial distribution of individual species varied greatly, from depth-dependent pattern to estuarine gradient-dependent pattern, with several intermediates. The community structure is singular in comparison to that of other tropical Brazilian estuaries studied to date. This is probably related to its geographical position in a transitional zone between the northern, tropical Brazilian oceanic domain and the southern, subtropical-temperate domain.
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Samuolienė, Giedrė, Akvilė Urbonavičiūtė, Aušra Brazaitytė, Gintarė Šabajevienė, Jurga Sakalauskaitė, and Pavelas Duchovskis. "The impact of LED illumination on antioxidant properties of sprouted seeds." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0094-1.
Abstract:
AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the light emitting diode (LED) spectra on the antioxidant properties of sprouted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lentil (Lens esculenta Moenh.) seeds. Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (PPFD - 100 μmol m−2 s−1; 12 h photoperiod; 27°C). The LED conditions used were: L1 - 638 nm; L2 - 455 nm, 638 nm, 669 nm, 731 nm (basal components); L3 - basal + 385 nm; L4 - basal + 510 nm and L5 - basal + 595 nm. Wheat and lentil sprouts were shown to accumulate less phenolic compounds and were more sensitive to light spectral differences when compared to radish sprouts. The antioxidant properties and contents of antioxidant compounds in seeds germinated in the dark were significantly lower than LED treated seeds. The higher content of total phenols and significant increase in alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C concentration resulted in altered DPPH free-radical scavenging capacity. Therefore we conclude that the LED spectra, based on basal components supplemented with green (510 nm) light can improve the antioxidant properties of sprouted seeds of lentil and wheat. The highest antioxidant properties of radish seeds were caused by radiation with supplemental amber (595 nm) light.