Academic literature on the topic '5D Data Storage'

Five-dimensional (5D) recording and decoding is demonstrated by using femtosecond direct laser writing in a silver-containing commercial glass. In particular, laser intensities and ellipse orientations generated by anamorphic focusing are employed to produce 5D data storage unit (3D for XYZ, 1D for the orientation of the elliptically-shaped data storage unit and 1D for its fluorescence intensity). In the recording process, two different images of a 4-bit bitmap format were simultaneously embedded in the medium by multiplexing the elliptical orientation of the laser focus and its intensity so as to access oriented elliptical patterns with independent fluorescence intensity. In the decoding process, two merged original images were successfully reconstructed by comparing each data storage unit with a fabricated calibration matrix of 16 × 16 levels for elliptic orientations and fluorescence intensities. We believe this technique can be applied to semi-permanent high-density data storage device.

Objective: to investigate the prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among calcium channel blocker (CCB) users and its impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among CCB-users, recruited using convenience sampling, at one hospital and 2 community pharmacies at Lahore, Pakistan during November 2017-July 2018. Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and EQ-5D-3L were used to assess LUTS and QOL, respectively. All data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: The median age of the study participants (N = 410) was 50.84, with majority of males. Around 26% of study participants were on CCB monotherapy whereas 73.7% were on CCB combinations with other antihypertensive agents. Overall prevalence of LUTS was 74.9%, with storage symptoms more common than voiding. The most common troublesome symptom was nocturia (89.5%) followed by increased daytime urinary frequency (87.1%). Median IPSS-QOL index, EQ-5D index and EQVAS score in our participants were 3, 0.621 and 60, respectively. Moreover, LUTS were significantly associated with reduced QOL (mean rank IPSS QOL-index: none-mild = 156.76 and moderate-severe = 221.85, p < 0.001; median EQ 5D index; none-mild = 0.796 and moderate-severe = 0.416; mean rank EQ-VAS: none-mild = 228.51, moderate-severe = 197.78, p = 0.022).Conclusion: Around 75% of CCB-users suffer from clinically significant LUTS which is associated with significant reduction in patient’s QOL. An earlier detection and management of LUTS by healthcare provider among CCB-users may and improve the overall QOL. Continuous...

Abstract Magnetic graphene-based materials have shown great potential for developing high-performance electronic devices at sub-nanometer such as spintronic data storage units. However, a significant reduction of power consumption and great improvement of structural stability are needed before they can be used for actual applications. Based on the first-principles calculations, here we demonstrate that the interaction between tungsten atoms and nitrogenized-divacancies (NDVs) in the hybrid W@NDV-graphene can lead to high stability and large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). More importantly, reversible switching between different magnetic states can be implemented by tuning the MAE under different electric fields and very low energy is consumed during the switching. Such controllable switching of magnetic states is ascribed to the competition between the tensile stain and orbital magnetic anisotropy, which originates from the change in the occupation number of W-5d orbitals under the electric fields. Our results provide a promising avenue for developing high-density magnetic storage units or multi-state logical switching devices with ultralow power at sub-nanometer.

Au cours des 30 dernières années, alors que la largeur d'impulsion des lasers a été réduite et que les lasers haute puissance ont été développés, des recherches sur l'interaction entre le photon et les matériaux utilisant des lasers femtosecondes ont été activement menées. La haute densité d'énergie des lasers pulsés femtosecondes permet des processus de photoionisation non linéaire de plusieurs manières selon. Cet article rapporte une étude d'une écriture laser directe de type Argentum dans des verres de phosphate de zinc contenant de l'argent en induisant une déformation d'absorption non linéaire d'impulsions laser femtoseconde. Lorsque des verres de phosphate de zinc contenant de l'argent sont irradiés avec des impulsions laser femtoseconde, des amas en forme d'anneau se forment en raison d'une absorption non linéaire. Les propriétés de fluorescence et l'indice de réfraction de l'amas d'argent induit par cette déformation sont différents de ceux du verre d'origine.Des comparaisons simultanées de microsondes chimiques, de NSOM et de modélisation numérique ont été utilisées pour analyser la distribution des espèces d'argent induite par laser. Les résultats renforcent considérablement la compréhension des modifications matérielles de ces verres dans un régime d'interaction non thermique. En particulier, il a été constaté que la distribution spatiale des espèces dans des verres contenant de l'argent produits par irradiation laser femtoseconde a un effet significatif sur la sélectivité de la gravure chimique.Les séparateurs de faisceau en forme de Y, des structures 2D fabriquées à l'aide de DLW de type A, ont été fabriqués et leurs performances ont été mesurées. Il a été confirmé qu'un guide d'onde de forme générale dans laquelle l'indice de réfraction du noyau est plus grand que celui du revêtement peut être produit par le biais d'un DLW de type A. Étant donné que le DLW de type A induit toujours des changements d'indice de réfraction positifs de 2,7 x 10-3 à 5,1 x 10-3, il est très approprié pour fabriquer un guide d'onde. Une jonction Y symétrique et diverses jonctions Y asymétriques ont été conçues et fabriquées à l'aide de guides d'ondes à double ligne, et les rapports de sortie ont été mesurés en fonction de la transition de la position d'injection. Il a été confirmé que le ratio de sortie pourrait être de 96% -4% à 57% -43% en raison de l'irradiance différente dans le processus d'écriture entre la branche supérieure et la branche inférieure. Ainsi, les verres DLW en argent contenant du phosphate de zinc peuvent être utilisés facilement et rapidement pour fabriquer le type de dispositif optique souhaité avec uniquement le processus d'écriture.Enfin, en recherchant le stockage optique de données 5D (ODS) à l'aide de DLW de type A, le champ d'application a été élargi. Nous avons démontré le stockage optique de données 5D encodé dans des modifications orientées DLW de type A en utilisant un rayonnement laser relativement faible par rapport au DLW conventionnel. Cinq dimensions ont été obtenues en ajoutant l'orientation du motif d'ellipse et l'intensité de fluorescence à la position 3D. Le motif d'ellipse a été créé par mise au point anamorphique, et l'orientation a été ajustée à 16 niveaux en utilisant SLM. De plus, un dispositif AOM a été utilisé pour régler l'irradiance laser femtoseconde de 16 niveaux.Pour confirmer la possibilité du 5D ODS proposé, deux images différentes ont été simultanément intégrées dans une image par DLW de type A. Et les deux images originales différentes au format bitmap 4 bits ont été restaurées avec succès. Les fidélité de lecture correspondantes de 60,5% et 25,1% ont été obtenues pour la direction d'orientation et les niveaux d'intensité de fluorescence, respectivement. De plus, il est démontré que la précision de lecture peut être considérablement améliorée à 85,0% et 47,1% lorsque le format bitmap 3 bits a été appliqué. [...]<br>In the past 30 years as the pulse width of lasers has been narrowed and high-power lasers have been developed, researches on the interaction between photon and materials using femtosecond lasers have been actively conducted. The high energy density of femtosecond pulsed lasers enables nonlinear photoionization processes in several ways depending. This paper reports a study of a type Argentum direct laser writing in silver containing zinc phosphate glasses by inducing a nonlinear absorption deformation of femtosecond laser pulses. When silver-containing zinc phosphate glasses are irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses, ring-shaped clusters are formed due to non-linear absorption. The fluorescence properties and the refractive index of the silver cluster induced by this deformation are different from those of the original glass.Simultaneous comparisons of chemical micro probes, NSOM and numerical modeling were used to analyze the laser-induced silver species distribution. The results significantly strengthen the understanding of material modifications in such glasses in a non-thermal interaction regime. In particular, it has been found that the spatial distribution of species in silver-containing glasses produced by femtosecond laser irradiation has a significant effect on chemical etching selectivity.The Y-shaped beam splitters, 2D structures made by using type A DLW, was fabricated and its performance was measured. It was confirmed that a waveguide of a general shape in which the refractive index of the core is larger than that of cladding can be produced through type A DLW. Since the type A DLW always induces positive refractive index changes from 2.7x10-3 to 5.1x10-3, it is very suitable for making waveguide. A symmetric Y-junction and various asymmetric Y-junctions were designed and fabricated using double line waveguides, and the output ratios were measured according to the transition of the inject position. It was confirmed that the output ratio could be from 96%-4% to 57%-43% due to the different irradiance in the process of writing between the upper branch and lower branch. So DLW in silver containing zinc phosphate glasses can be utilized easily and quickly to fabricate the desired type of optical device with only the writing process.Finally, by researching 5D optical data storage (ODS) using type A DLW, the scope of application was further expanded. We have demonstrated 5D optical data storage encoded in orientated type A DLW modifications by using a relatively low laser irradiance compared to conventional DLW. Five dimensions were achieved by adding the orientation of ellipse pattern and fluorescence intensity to 3D position. The ellipse pattern was created by anamorphic focusing, and the orientation was adjusted to 16 levels by employing SLM. In addition, AOM device was used to adjust the femtosecond laser irradiance of 16 levels.To confirm the possibility of the proposed 5D ODS, two different images were simultaneously embedded in one image by type A DLW. And the two different original images of 4-bit bitmap format were successfully restored. The corresponding reading fidelities of 60.5% and 25.1% were obtained for the orientation direction and fluorescence intensity levels, respectively. In addition, it is shown that the reading accuracy can be greatly improved to 85.0% and 47.1% when 3-bit bitmap format was applied. Using the proposed this technology, we have reached a maximum data density of 14.9 Gb/cm3, and we believe that data storage densities of up to 119.2 Gb/cm3 (using NA = 1.3 oil target) can be achieved.In conclusion, the fluorescence characteristics of type A DLW in silver containing zinc phosphate glasses were studied, and its utility as a multi-dimension application was confirmed. We believe this technology has great potential for nano-scale patterning in semiconductor and fabrication of micro-scale optical devices