Journal articles: '5G Cellular Networks'

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Branch, Philip. "Fifth Generation Cellular Networks." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v4n3.63.

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In this article the emerging requirements that are driving the fifth generation of mobile cellular networks are discussed and the technologies that will most likely be used to satisfy those requirements are identified. Proposals for 5G are at an early stage, but there is an expectation that the early 2020s will see the first deployments.The requirements for 5G are increased download speeds, the need to deal with increased cell density, increased bandwidth efficiency and availability of new bandwidth. It is likely that 5G will play a role in the emerging Internet of Things, potentially resulting in enormous increase in the number of attached devices.To meet the expected requirements 5G is likely to make use of spectrum in the millimetre range, beam-forming antenna arrays, massive Multi-Input Multi-Output, and fundamental changes to base station design. In this paper the key drivers for 5G are discussed including the very large numbers of devices in cells, the need to make available new spectrum, energy efficient ways of implementing base station capabilities, standards developments so far and 5G related issues for Australia.

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Branch, Philip. "Fifth Generation Cellular Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v4n3.63.

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In this article the emerging requirements that are driving the fifth generation of mobile cellular networks are discussed and the technologies that will most likely be used to satisfy those requirements are identified. Proposals for 5G are at an early stage, but there is an expectation that the early 2020s will see the first deployments.The requirements for 5G are increased download speeds, the need to deal with increased cell density, increased bandwidth efficiency and availability of new bandwidth. It is likely that 5G will play a role in the emerging Internet of Things, potentially resulting in enormous increase in the number of attached devices.To meet the expected requirements 5G is likely to make use of spectrum in the millimetre range, beam-forming antenna arrays, massive Multi-Input Multi-Output, and fundamental changes to base station design. In this paper the key drivers for 5G are discussed including the very large numbers of devices in cells, the need to make available new spectrum, energy efficient ways of implementing base station capabilities, standards developments so far and 5G related issues for Australia.

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Ohipeni, Edwin Angmor Kofi. "5G Cellular Network Forensics." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2022): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/crp-bk3-p29.

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The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks will bring 10Gbps user speeds, have a wider bandwidth which can accommodate 1000 times what the fourth generation (4G) could and 100 times faster than the previous 4G cellular network. This paper’s focus is to highlight on the legal aspects of the 5G cellular network. That is, the health issues, privacy, and security issues on Africans. Most crimes currently are facilitated by cellular network devices and with the improvement that the 5G cellular network brings, there is going to be an increase in cybercrime and hence the need for forensics. These forensics’ techniques used in evidence acquisition violates the privacy and security of the users of the 5G cellular network. Keywords: Cellular Networks, Fifth Generation (5G), Lawful Interception (LI), Lawful Access Location Services (LALS), Privacy, Security, Africa, Natural Resources, Carbon, Ozone Layer, Internet of Things (IoT) BOOK Chapter ǀ Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Open Access. Distributed Free Citation: Edwin Angmor Kofi Ohipeni (2022): 5G Cellular Network Forensics Book Chapter Series on Research Nexus in IT, Law, Cyber Security & Forensics. Pp 181-184 www.isteams.net/ITlawbookchapter2022. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CRP-BK3-P29

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Et.al, Vincent Yong Kai Loung. "Capacity Estimation for 5G Cellular Networks." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 4530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1842.

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This paper outlines the requirements for 5G cellular networks driven by the combination of increasing throughput demand, improving coverage and the capacity estimation for wireless access in the next decade. Deployment of 5G networks will emerge between 2020 to 2030 in many countries and will be built upon existing sites. 5G will offer great benefits for both consumers and industries to achieve a ‘hyper connected society’ capable of zero-distance connectivity between people and connected machines. The applications, the use cases as well as the massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output technologies, for example antenna beamforming and network densification to enhance the system capacity and mobility of 5G cellular networks are discussed in this paper

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Ge, Xiaohu, Song Tu, Guoqiang Mao, Cheng-Xiang Wang, and Tao Han. "5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 23, no. 1 (February 2016): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2016.7422408.

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Bakulin, Mikhail G., Taoufik Ben Rejeb, Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, Yuriy B. Mironov, Denis Y. Pankratov, and Alexey E. Smirnov. "Modulation for cellular 5G/IMT-2020 and 6G networks." T-Comm 16, no. 3 (2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-3-11-17.

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In recent years, 5G (Fifth Generation) and 6G (Sixth Generation) wireless networks have attracted extensive research interest. According to the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) project, 5G networks should be support three main application scenarios: enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine-Type Communications, (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). In addition to that, enhanced vehicle-to-everything, (eV2X) are also considered as key technology in 5G. All these scenarios require ubiquitous connectivity providing high data rates and spectral efficiency. These issues lead to many challenges for introducing 5G and 6G networks. Traditional modulation and multiple access schemes will not achieve the requirements of 5G and 6G networks. In order to meet these upcoming requirements, it is necessary to explore novel modulation and multiple access schemes. Data rate, resistance to noise and capacity of wireless network depend on choosing current modulation scheme. To meet the requirements of 5G and 6G and reduce the out-of-band (OOB) leakage various modulation schemes based on subband filtering, pulse shaping and precoding have been proposed. This article provides an overview of the different modulation schemes for 5G and 6G systems.

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Salva-Garcia, Pablo, Jose M. Alcaraz-Calero, Qi Wang, Jorge Bernal Bernabe, and Antonio Skarmeta. "5G NB-IoT: Efficient Network Traffic Filtering for Multitenant IoT Cellular Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9291506.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is a key business driver for the upcoming fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, which in turn will enable numerous innovative IoT applications such as smart city, mobile health, and other massive IoT use cases being defined in 5G standards. To truly unlock the hidden value of such mission-critical IoT applications in a large scale in the 5G era, advanced self-protection capabilities are entailed in 5G-based Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) networks to efficiently fight off cyber-attacks such as widespread Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. However, insufficient research has been conducted in this crucial area, in particular, few if any solutions are capable of dealing with the multiple encapsulated 5G traffic for IoT security management. This paper proposes and prototypes a new security framework to achieve the highly desirable self-organizing networking capabilities to secure virtualized, multitenant 5G-based IoT traffic through an autonomic control loop featured with efficient 5G-aware traffic filtering. Empirical results have validated the design and implementation and demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed system, which is capable of processing thousands of 5G-aware traffic filtering rules and thus enables timely protection against large-scale attacks.

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Elsawy, Hesham, Hayssam Dahrouj, Tareq Y. Al-naffouri, and Mohamed-slim Alouini. "Virtualized cognitive network architecture for 5G cellular networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 7 (July 2015): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7158269.

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M.P., Haripriya, and Venkadesh P. "Investigation Study on Secured Data Communication on 5G Cellular Networks." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 11-SPECIAL ISSUE (November 20, 2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp11/20193038.

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Matalatala, Michel, Margot Deruyck, Emmeric Tanghe, Luc Martens, and Wout Joseph. "Performance Evaluation of 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Access Networks Using a Capacity-Based Network Deployment Tool." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3406074.

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The next fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication networks comes with a set of new features to satisfy the demand of data-intensive applications: millimeter-wave frequencies, massive antenna arrays, beamforming, dense cells, and so forth. In this paper, we investigate the use of beamforming techniques through various architectures and evaluate the performance of 5G wireless access networks, using a capacity-based network deployment tool. This tool is proposed and applied to a realistic area in Ghent, Belgium, to simulate realistic 5G networks that respond to the instantaneous bit rate required by the active users. The results show that, with beamforming, 5G networks require almost 15% more base stations and 4 times less power to provide more capacity to the users and the same coverage performances, in comparison with the 4G reference network. Moreover, they are 3 times more energy efficient than the 4G network and the hybrid beamforming architecture appears to be a suitable architecture for beamforming to be considered when designing a 5G cellular network.

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Malik, Haseeb, Humaira Afzal, M. Rafiq Mufti, Asghar Ali, and Ali Hassan. "Challenges and Research Advancement in 5G Wireless Backhaul Networks." STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.35.

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5G networks should achieve Gigabit speed in the future cellular network. Getting higher speed is a considerable challenge to manage the 5G Wireless Backhaul Network functionally. This research studies two network wireless backhaul architectures such as small cell networks and millimeter-wave transmission technologies for Centralized and Distributed scenarios. In addition, for various network topologies and wireless backhaul network frequency bands, energy efficiency is compared. Numeric comparative findings give guidance for deploying inexpensive and high energy capability of future 5G wireless backhaul networks

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Malik, Haseeb, Humaira Afzal, M. Rafiq Mufti, Asghar Ali, and Ali Hassan. "Challenges and Research Advancement in 5G Wireless Backhaul Networks." STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.35.

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5G networks should achieve Gigabit speed in the future cellular network. Getting higher speed is a considerable challenge to manage the 5G Wireless Backhaul Network functionally. This research studies two network wireless backhaul architectures such as small cell networks and millimeter-wave transmission technologies for Centralized and Distributed scenarios. In addition, for various network topologies and wireless backhaul network frequency bands, energy efficiency is compared. Numeric comparative findings give guidance for deploying inexpensive and high energy capability of future 5G wireless backhaul networks

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Amali, C., and B. Ramachandran. "Enabling Key Technologies and Emerging Research Challenges Ahead of 5G Networks: An Extensive Survey." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 2, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.2.3.128.

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The evolution towards 5G networks is expected to slake the growing thirst of internet traffic with improved Quality of Service (QoS) and reduced energy consumption and cost. The increased penetration of smart devices and induction of arising multimedia applications, together with high quality video services are already crafting a milestone on existing cellular networks. These surging demands dictate that radical enhancements need to be made in cellular architecture to drift towards ultra-dense networks. The 5G system is envisioned to achieve improved data rate, increased capacity, decreased latency, and enhanced spectral efficiency in order to provide technical solution for the challenges behind the cellular networks. Thus, the 5G era is emerging to quench the increasing demand for network capacity, to manage explosive growth of traffic patterns and to face the challenges caused by the proliferation of versatile applications and high-end devices. In this paper, we make a broad survey on 5G cellular network architecture and some of the promising key technologies such as cloud RAN (Radio Access Network), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and modulation formats. Finally, this ground-breaking survey highlights major existing research issues and possible future research directions in the next new era of mobile wireless networks.

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Liang, Bin, Mark A. Gregory, and Shuo Li. "Latency Analysis for Mobile Cellular Network uRLLC Services." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v10n3.447.

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The fifth generation (5G) mobile network technologies include ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (uRLLC) capability. To fully exploit uRLLC, distributed Multi- access Edge Computing (MEC) is being developed and introduced at the network edge with an architecture that supports applications and services. Some of the MEC applications will benefit from uRLLC, including virtual reality, augmented reality, education, health, online gaming, automatic manufacturing and Vehicle-to-everything. However, unique challenges and opportunities exist for 5G cellular networks and MEC due to a range of factors, including end-user device mobility and the implementation of the network Control Plane (CP) and User Plane (UP). In this regard, there is a need to optimize protocols and network architecture. This paper investigates latency and related network elements in the next generation mobile cellular network. We also analyze the 5G network latency in the CP and UP. Finally, the paper identifies protocol optimization considerations for MEC integration with 5G to achieve low end-to-end latency.

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SAKAGUCHI, Kei, Gia Khanh TRAN, Hidekazu SHIMODAIRA, Shinobu NANBA, Toshiaki SAKURAI, Koji TAKINAMI, Isabelle SIAUD, et al. "Millimeter-Wave Evolution for 5G Cellular Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E98.B, no. 3 (2015): 388–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e98.b.388.

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Argyriou, Antonios, Konstantinos Poularakis, George Iosifidis, and Leandros Tassiulas. "Video Delivery in Dense 5G Cellular Networks." IEEE Network 31, no. 4 (July 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2017.1600298.

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Nam, Wooseok, Dongwoon Bai, Jungwon Lee, and Inyup Kang. "Advanced interference management for 5G cellular networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 52, no. 5 (May 2014): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6815893.

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Giordani, Marco, Marco Mezzavilla, and Michele Zorzi. "Initial Access in 5G mmWave Cellular Networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 11 (November 2016): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2016.1600193cm.

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Gueguen, Cédric, Mahdi Ezzaouia, and Mohamad Yassin. "Inter-cellular scheduler for 5G wireless networks." Physical Communication 18 (March 2016): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2015.10.005.

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S, Sofana Reka, Tomislav Dragičević, Pierluigi Siano, and S. R. Sahaya Prabaharan. "Future Generation 5G Wireless Networks for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Review." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112140.

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Wireless cellular networks are emerging to take a strong stand in attempts to achieve pervasive large scale obtainment, communication, and processing with the evolution of the fifth generation (5G) network. Both the present day cellular technologies and the evolving new age 5G are considered to be advantageous for the smart grid. The 5G networks exhibit relevant services for critical and timely applications for greater aspects in the smart grid. In the present day electricity markets, 5G provides new business models to the energy providers and improves the way the utility communicates with the grid systems. In this work, a complete analysis and a review of the 5G network and its vision regarding the smart grid is exhibited. The work discusses the present day wireless technologies, and the architectural changes for the past years are shown. Furthermore, to understand the user-based analyses in a smart grid, a detailed analysis of 5G architecture with the grid perspectives is exhibited. The current status of 5G networks in a smart grid with a different analysis for energy efficiency is vividly explained in this work. Furthermore, focus is emphasized on future reliable smart grid communication with future roadmaps and challenges to be faced. The complete work gives an in-depth understanding of 5G networks as they pertain to future smart grids as a comprehensive analysis.

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Attar, Hani, Haitham Issa, Jafar Ababneh, Mahdi Abbasi, Ahmed A. A. Solyman, Mohammad Khosravi, and Ramy Said Agieb. "5G System Overview for Ongoing Smart Applications: Structure, Requirements, and Specifications." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2476841.

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks are state-of-the-art wireless technologies revolutionizing all wireless systems. The fundamental goals of 5G are to increase network capacity, improve data rates, and reduce end-to-end latency. Therefore, 5G can support many devices connected to the Internet and realize the Internet of Things (IoT) vision. Though 5 G provides significant features for mobile wireless networks, some challenges still need to be addressed. Although 5 G offers valuable capabilities for mobile wireless networks, specific issues still need to be resolved. This article thoroughly introduces 5G technology, detailing its needs, infrastructure, features, and difficulties. In addition, it summarizes all the requirements and specifications of the 5G network based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Releases 15–17. Finally, this study discusses the key specifications challenges of 5G wireless networks.

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Rahman, Atta-ur, Maqsood Mahmud, Tahir Iqbal, Linah Saraireh, Hisham Kholidy, Mohammed Gollapalli, Dhiaa Musleh, Fahd Alhaidari, Dakheel Almoqbil, and Mohammed Imran Basheer Ahmed. "Network Anomaly Detection in 5G Networks." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090213.

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On the telecommunications front, 5G is the fifth-generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which is a replacement for the 4G networks used by most current phones. Hundreds of businesses, organizations, and governments suffer from cyberattacks that compromise sensitive information in which 5G is one of them. Those breaches of the data would not have occurred if there is a way to detect strange behaviors in a 5G network, and this is what this paper presenting. Network Anomaly Detection (NAD) in 5G is a way to observe the network constantly to detect any unusual behavior. However, it is not that straightforward and rather a complex process due to huge, continuous, and stochastic network traffic patterns. In the literature, several approaches and methods have been employed for anomaly detection as well as prediction. This paper illustrates state-of-the-art method to proposed achieve the NAD. For instance, pattern based, machine learning based, ensemble learning based, user intention based, and some integrated methods have been surveyed and analyzed. KNN and K-prototype algorithm were tested together on the dataset and compared with integrated approach. The integrated approach outperformed with respect to the KNN and K-prototype methods. As a conclusion, forecasting of analyst detection of cyber events is presented as a final method for future anomaly prediction.

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Damigos, Gerasimos, Tore Lindgren, Sara Sandberg, and George Nikolakopoulos. "Performance of Sensor Data Process Offloading on 5G-Enabled UAVs." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020864.

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Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-oriented applications have been growing worldwide. Thus, there is a strong interest in using UAVs for applications requiring wide-area connectivity coverage. Such applications might be power line inspection, road inspection, offshore site monitoring, wind turbine inspections, and others. The utilization of cellular networks, such as the fifth-generation (5G) technology, is often considered to meet the requirement of wide-area connectivity. This study quantifies the performance of 5G-enabled UAVs when sensor data throughput requirements are within the 5G network’s capability and when throughput requirements significantly exceed the capability of the 5G network, respectively. Our experimental results show that in the first case, the 5G network maintains bounded latency, and the application behaves as expected. In the latter case, the overloading of the 5G network results in increased latency, dropped packets, and overall degradation of the application performance. Our findings show that offloading processes requiring moderate sensor data rates work well, while transmitting all the raw data generated by the UAV’s sensors is not possible. This study highlights and experimentally demonstrates the impact of critical parameters that affect real-life 5G-enabled UAVs that utilize the edge-offloading power of a 5G cellular network.

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Nanda, Ipseeta, and Rajesh De. "AN ANALYSIS OF 5G WIRELESS NETWORKS." Information Management And Computer Science 5, no. 2 (2022): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/imcs.02.2022.38.40.

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Every major telecom in the world is working to make it even faster because everyone loves speed and, more specifically, fast internet. Stable internet connections are becoming more and more important for smartphones, watches, homes, and automobiles. The fifth generation of technology, or 5G, is here to help us survive in a world where speed is changing every second and where we demand more and more technology. Some of the most important goals that must be achieved in the future, or in a world beyond 4G, are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and quality service. Large-scale improvements in the 5G cellular architecture are necessary to meet these demands. The 5G cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that can help the architecture become more human and better meet user demands are primarily the focus of this paper. The primary focus of this paper’s coverage of 5G details is device-to-device communication and massive multiple input multiple output technology (D2D). A general, credible 5G cellular network architecture is put forth using guidelines from online books and thorough research on the subject.

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Yu, Heejung, and Yousaf Bin Zikria. "Cognitive Radio Networks for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 5288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185288.

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Recent innovation, growth, and deployment of internet of things (IoT) networks are changing the daily life of people. 5G networks are widely deployed around the world, and they are important for continuous growth of IoT. The next generation cellular networks and wireless sensor networks (WSN) make the road to the target of the next generation IoT networks. The challenges of the next generation IoT networks remain in reducing the overall network latency and increasing throughput without sacrificing reliability. One feasible alternative is coexistence of networks operating on different frequencies. However, data bandwidth support and spectrum availability are the major challenges. Therefore, cognitive radio networks (CRN) are the best available technology to cater to all these challenges for the co-existence of IoT, WSN, 5G, and beyond-5G networks.

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Margaris, Aristotelis, Ioannis Filippas, and Kostas Tsagkaris. "Hybrid Network–Spatial Clustering for Optimizing 5G Mobile Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031203.

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5G is the new generation of 3GPP-based cellular communications that provides remarkable connectivity capabilities and extreme network performance to mobile network operators and cellular users worldwide. The rollout process of a new capacity layer (cell) on top of the existing previous cellular technologies is a complex process that requires time and manual effort from radio planning-engineering teams and parameter optimization teams. When it comes to optimum configuration of the 5G gNB cell parameters, the maximization of achieved coverage (RSRP) and quality (SINR) of the served mobile terminals are of high importance for achieving the very high data transmission rates expected in 5G. This process strongly relies on network measurements that can be even more insightful when mobile terminal localization information is present. This information can be generated by modern algorithmic techniques that act on the cellular network signaling measurements. Configuration algorithms can then use these measurements combined with location information to optimize various cell deployment parameters such as cell azimuth. Furthermore, data-driven approaches are shown in the literature to outperform traditional, model-based algorithms as they can automate the optimization of parameters while specializing in the characteristics of each individual geographical zone. In the context of the above, in this paper, we tested the automated network reconfiguration schemes based on unsupervised learning and applied statistics for cell azimuth steering. We compared network metric clustering and geospatial clustering to be used as our baseline algorithms that are based on K-means with the proposed scheme—hybrid network and spatial clustering based on hierarchical DBSCAN. Each of these algorithms used data generated by an initial scenario to produce cell re-configuration actions and their performance was then evaluated on a validated simulation platform to capture the impact of each set of gNB reconfiguration actions. Our performance evaluation methodology was based on statistical distribution analysis for RSRP and SINR metrics for the reference scenario as well as for each reconfiguration scheme. It is shown that while both baseline algorithms improved the overall performance of the network, the proposed hybrid network–spatial scheme greatly outperformed them in all statistical criteria that were evaluated, making it a better candidate for the optimization of 5G capacity layers in modern urban environments.

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Mahmud, Imtiaz, Tabassum Lubna, and You-Ze Cho. "Performance Evaluation of MPTCP on Simultaneous Use of 5G and 4G Networks." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 7509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197509.

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The 5G cellular network comes with a promise to provide a very high data rate at low latency, which is becoming critical for advancing technologies. Mobile operators are currently deploying the 5G cellular network worldwide. However, because of limited coverage and high susceptibility of the 5G network to obstacles, handoffs from 5G to 4G and vice versa frequently occur, especially when the user equipment (UE) is moving. These handoffs often cause significant delays in data transmission due to packet losses and retransmissions. A promising solution can be to use both 4G and 5G networks simultaneously, which can solve this problem and yield a better throughput. Multipath transmission control protocol (TCP) is an effective solution for this problem, but it requires significant performance evaluation before practical deployment. In this study, we implement an MPTCP testbed based on NS3-DCE that enables to test the performance of MPTCP schedulers and congestion control algorithms (CCAs) in both 3GPP and non-3GPP networks. Through extensive simulation experiments in a scenario where a UE simultaneously utilizes both 4G and 5G networks, we found that blocking estimation (BLEST) scheduler implemented with balanced linked adaptation (BALIA) CCA can produce the highest throughput and lowest delay. Finally, we showed how received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), congestion window, throughput, and packet losses are interconnected.

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Rahman, Md Mostafijur, Mani Manavalan, and Taposh Kumar Neogy. "Artificial Intelligence in 5G Technology: Overview of System Models." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v8i1.595.

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The occurrence of various devices that are interlinked to provide advanced connectivity throughout the systems revolves around the formation of 5G systems. Artificial Intelligence plays a fundamental role in the 5G networks. The popularity and integration of 5G have emerged through advanced cellular networks and many other technologies. This innovative and speedy network has built strong connections in recent years, its conduct in business, personal work, or daily life. Artificial Intelligence and edge computing devices have optimized internet usages in everyday life. The growth of 5G networks is effective in the AI/ML algorithms due to its low latency and high bandwidth, which also performs real-time analysis, reasoning, and optimization. The 5G era has fundamental features that are highlighted among the revolutionary techniques which are most commonly used by cellular device networks, such as the resource management of radio, mobility management, and service management, and so on. This work also integrates the selection of spectrum and access the spectrum which AI-based interface to accomplish demands of 5G. The strategies which are introduced are Fractional Knapsack Greedy-based strategy and Language Hyperplane approach which becomes the basis of subsequently utilized by strategies of Artificial Intelligence for purpose of the selection of spectrum and the right allocation of spectrum for IoT-enabled sensor networks.

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Yao, Jiaying, Zhigeng Han, Muhammad Sohail, and Liangmin Wang. "A Robust Security Architecture for SDN-Based 5G Networks." Future Internet 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11040085.

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5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communications. Due to its significant advantage in high data rate, reduced latency and massive device connectivity, the 5G network plays a vital role in today’s commercial telecommunications networks. However, the 5G network also faces some challenges when used in practice. This is because it consists of various diverse ingredients, termed heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of the 5G network has two consequences: first, it prevents us to use this technology in a uniform way, preventing the wide use of 5G technology; second, it complicates the structure of the 5G network, making it hard to monitor what is going on in a 5G network. To break through this limitation, researchers have worked in this field and design their own protocol, in which software-defined networking (SDN) is one key design concept. By separating control and data plane, SDN can make the 5G network functional and programmable, such that we can handle the heterogeneity in traditional 5G networks. In light of this, we say that SDN-5G network is attractive, but its advantages are not free. The intelligence centralization used in SDN has its own drawbacks when it comes to security. To break through this limitation, we propose a robust security architecture for SDN-based 5G Networks. To find the illegal request from malicious attackers, we add extra cryptographic authentication, termed synchronize secret. The basic idea of our scheme is leveraging preload secrets to differ attacks from regular network communications. The simulation results indicate that our work can completely handle the security problem from SDN with a low disconnect rate of 0.01%, which is much better than that from state of the art.

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Nencioni, Gianfranco, Rosario G. Garroppo, Andres J. Gonzalez, Bjarne E. Helvik, and Gregorio Procissi. "Orchestration and Control in Software-Defined 5G Networks: Research Challenges." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (August 13, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6923867.

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The fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks promises to be a major step in the evolution of wireless technology. 5G is planned to be used in a very broad set of application scenarios. These scenarios have strict heterogeneous requirements that will be accomplished by enhancements on the radio access network and a collection of innovative wireless technologies. Softwarization technologies, such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), will play a key role in integrating these different technologies. Network slicing emerges as a cost-efficient solution for the implementation of the diverse 5G requirements and verticals. The 5G radio access and core networks will be based on a SDN/NFV infrastructure, which will be able to orchestrate the resources and control the network in order to efficiently and flexibly and with scalability provide network services. In this paper, we present the up-to-date status of the software-defined 5G radio access and core networks and a broad range of future research challenges on the orchestration and control aspects.

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Lucas-Estañ, Gozalvez, and Sepulcre. "Context-Aware Mode Selection for 5G Multi-Hop Cellular Networks." Electronics 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080840.

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In the present day, 5G and beyond networks are being designed to support the future increase of data traffic and service demands. To support such increase, 5G networks will incorporate device-centric technologies with adequate mechanisms to scale and handle the growing and very large number of connected devices and traffic demands. Device-centric technologies include Device-to-Device (D2D) communications and Multi-hop Cellular Networks (MCNs). In device-centric wireless networks, devices will be able to connect to the network using two different connection modes: through a traditional cellular connection, or through a multi-hop cellular connection based on D2D communications with intermediate mobile devices. Device-centric technologies will therefore provide new connectivity options and significant opportunities to enhance the capacity and efficiency of 5G networks. However, new challenges will need to be addressed. One of them is the selection of the most adequate connection mode for each mobile device, because it will be key to improve the network performance and efficiency. This work proposes a context-aware mode selection scheme capable of identifying and selecting the most adequate connection mode for each device under a wide range of deployment and operating conditions. The proposed scheme estimates the benefits and risks of each connection mode based on context information available at the base station guaranteeing low signaling overhead. The obtained results show that the proposed mode selection scheme helps achieving throughput gains higher than 200% compared to traditional single-hop cellular communications for devices at the cell edge, and significant gains are also achieved compared to other mode selection schemes implemented and evaluated.

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Cui, Zhiwei, Baojiang Cui, Junsong Fu, and Renhai Dong. "Security Threats to Voice Services in 5G Standalone Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (September 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7395128.

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With the rapid development of 5G SA (standalone) networks, increasing subscribers are motivated to make calls through 5G. To support voice services critical to mobile users, 5G SA networks adopt two solutions: VoNR (Voice Over New Radio) and EPS (Evolved Packet System) fallback. At this stage, 5G SA networks provide voice services through EPS fallback, which leverages 4G networks to support voice calls for 5G users. This switch between cellular network systems may expose vulnerabilities to adversaries. However, there is a lack of security research on voice services in the 5G SA network. In this paper, we analyze the security of EPS fallback and its closely related IMS from the perspective of the protocol and the practices of the carriers. We uncover two protocol design vulnerabilities and two implementation flaws. In addition, we exploit them to design three attacks: voice DoS, voice monitoring, and SMS spoofing and interception. We validated these vulnerabilities and attacks using SDR (software-defined radio) tools and a set of open-source software in three mobile carriers. Our analysis reveals that the problems stem from both specifications and carrier networks. We finally propose several potential countermeasures to defend these attacks.

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Yao, Haipeng, Chao Fang, Yiru Guo, and Chenglin Zhao. "An Optimal Routing Algorithm in Service Customized 5G Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6146435.

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With the widespread use of Internet, the scale of mobile data traffic grows explosively, which makes 5G networks in cellular networks become a growing concern. Recently, the ideas related to future network, for example, Software Defined Networking (SDN), Content-Centric Networking (CCN), and Big Data, have drawn more and more attention. In this paper, we propose a service-customized 5G network architecture by introducing the ideas of separation between control plane and data plane, in-network caching, and Big Data processing and analysis to resolve the problems traditional cellular radio networks face. Moreover, we design an optimal routing algorithm for this architecture, which can minimize average response hops in the network. Simulation results reveal that, by introducing the cache, the network performance can be obviously improved in different network conditions compared to the scenario without a cache. In addition, we explore the change of cache hit rate and average response hops under different cache replacement policies, cache sizes, content popularity, and network topologies, respectively.

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Gabilondo, Álvaro, Zaloa Fernández, Roberto Viola, Ángel Martín, Mikel Zorrilla, Pablo Angueira, and Jon Montalbán. "Traffic Classification for Network Slicing in Mobile Networks." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071097.

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Network slicing is a promising technique used in the smart delivery of traffic and can satisfy the requirements of specific applications or systems based on the features of the 5G network. To this end, an appropriate slice needs to be selected for each data flow to efficiently transmit data for different applications and heterogeneous requirements. To apply the slicing paradigm at the radio segment of a cellular network, this paper presents two approaches for dynamically classifying the traffic types of individual flows and transmitting them through a specific slice with an associated 5G quality-of-service identifier (5QI). Finally, using a 5G standalone (SA) experimental network solution, we apply the radio resource sharing configuration to prioritize traffic that is dispatched through the most suitable slice. The results demonstrate that the use of network slicing allows for higher efficiency and reliability for the most critical data in terms of packet loss or jitter.

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Anis, Fady, Mohamed H. Abd Elazeem, and Mohammed Hussein. "Scheduling Schemes D2D Communications over 5G Cellular Networks." International Journal of Computer Applications 183, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2021921234.

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Li, Rongpeng, Zhifeng Zhao, Xuan Zhou, Guoru Ding, Yan Chen, Zhongyao Wang, and Honggang Zhang. "Intelligent 5G: When Cellular Networks Meet Artificial Intelligence." IEEE Wireless Communications 24, no. 5 (October 2017): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2017.1600304wc.

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Shen, Xuemin. "Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks." IEEE Network 29, no. 2 (March 2015): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2015.7064895.

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Raza Zaidi, Syed Ali, Asma Afzal, Maryam Hafeez, Mounir Ghogho, Desmond C. Mclernon, and Ananthram Swami. "Solar energy empowered 5G cognitive metro-cellular networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 7 (July 2015): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7158268.

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Zhang, Menglei, Michele Polese, Marco Mezzavilla, Jing Zhu, Sundeep Rangan, Shivendra Panwar, and Michele Zorzi. "Will TCP Work in mmWave 5G Cellular Networks?" IEEE Communications Magazine 57, no. 1 (January 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1701370.

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Ge, Xiaohu, Jiaqi Chen, Cheng-Xiang Wang, John Thompson, and Jing Zhang. "5G green cellular networks considering power allocation schemes." Science China Information Sciences 59, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5502-8.

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Tayyaba, Sahrish Khan, and Munam Ali Shah. "Resource allocation in SDN based 5G cellular networks." Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 12, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 514–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-018-0651-3.

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Gkonis, Panagiotis K., Panagiotis T. Trakadas, and Dimitra I. Kaklamani. "A Comprehensive Study on Simulation Techniques for 5G Networks: State of the Art Results, Analysis, and Future Challenges." Electronics 9, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030468.

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Ιn this review article, a comprehensive study is provided regarding the latest achievements in simulation techniques and platforms for fifth generation (5G) wireless cellular networks. In this context, the calculation of a set of diverse performance metrics, such as achievable throughput in uplink and downlink, the mean Bit Error Rate, the number of active users, outage probability, the handover rate, delay, latency, etc., can be a computationally demanding task due to the various parameters that should be incorporated in system and link level simulations. For example, potential solutions for 5G interfaces include, among others, millimeter Wave (mmWave) transmission, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) architectures and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Therefore, a more accurate and realistic representation of channel coefficients and overall interference is required compared to other cellular interfaces. In addition, the increased number of highly directional beams will unavoidably lead to increased signaling burden and handovers. Moreover, until a full transition to 5G networks takes place, coexistence with currently deployed fourth generation (4G) networks will be a challenging issue for radio network planning. Finally, the potential exploitation of 5G infrastructures in future electrical smart grids in order to support high bandwidth and zero latency applications (e.g., semi or full autonomous driving) dictates the need for the development of simulation environments able to incorporate the various and diverse aspects of 5G wireless cellular networks.

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GEORGESCU, Valentin. "Security of 5G Networks – A Complex Issue –." Romanian Military Thinking 2022, no. 1 (February 2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.08.

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"The history of mobile telecommunications is not very old. It has been a bit more than 40 years since the first generation of cellular communications (1G) was launched on the market, offering the possibility of making and receiving phone calls while on the go, even accompanied by a number of technological limitations, including network and system security. Each new generation of technologies that followed this stage brought significant diversification and improvements in services. Today, there is more and more talk of the fifth generation of mobile communications technologies (5G). The security aspects of 5G networks are a hot topic worldwide, both among major state and nonstate actors. This article highlights the main characteristics of 5G technologies and why security of 5G networks is essential and complex."

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Soós, Gábor, Dániel Ficzere, Tamás Seres, Sándor Veress, and István Németh. "Business opportunities and evaluation of non-public 5G cellular networks – a survey." Infocommunications journal 12, no. 3 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2020.3.5.

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The family of cellular mobile telecommunications standards – including 5G – is mostly defined by the 3GPP standardizing organization. While these are well known in are unfamiliar with the concepts and the content of these documents. It is essential to define and designate how 5G is different from existing wired and wireless technologies, what are the main business benefits, and what are the key potential areas according to the new technology achievements. In our work, we present some fundamental aspects of the 5G business potential, where the key motives lay regarding the Industry 4.0 revolution and the innovation of 5G industrial architectures, including vendors, industrial players, and network operators.

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Ahmed, Rezwana, and Mohammad Abdul Matin. "Towards 6G wireless networks-challenges and potential technologies." Journal of Electrical Engineering 71, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2020-0040.

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AbstractAs 5G technology is advancing towards its final phase of development and the deployment of 5G networks is underway, academic, development and industrial communities are already moving towards the research and development of 6G wireless networks. While 5G technologies had been hauled as an enabler for Internet of Everything, many limitations of such cellular systems are coming to light as they are being deployed. These drawbacks of 5G networks have motivated worldwide interest on developing the next generation wireless system, 6G, with the capability to fully incorporate wide-ranging applications from virtual reality to autonomous systems. In this paper, an overview of the first five generations of wireless systems has been shown, followed by a survey on 6G wireless network along with a discussion on the possible requirements and challenges of 6G.

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Alsharif, Mohammed, Anabi Kelechi, Jeong Kim, and Jin Kim. "Energy Efficiency and Coverage Trade-Off in 5G for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Cellular Networks." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030408.

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Recently, cellular networks’ energy efficiency has garnered research interest from academia and industry because of its considerable economic and ecological effects in the near future. This study proposes an approach to cooperation between the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and next-generation wireless networks. The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network aims to negotiate a trade-off between wireless network performance (sustaining the demand for high speed packet rates during busy traffic periods) and energy efficiency (EE) by alternating 5G base stations’ (BSs) switching off/on based on the traffic instantaneous load condition and, at the same time, guaranteeing network coverage for mobile subscribers by the remaining active LTE BSs. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to determine the optimum criteria of the active LTE BSs (transmission power, total antenna gain, spectrum/channel bandwidth, and signal-to-interference-noise ratio) that achieves maximum coverage for the entire area during the switch-off session of 5G BSs. Simulation results indicate that the energy savings can reach 3.52 kW per day, with a maximum data rate of up to 22.4 Gbps at peak traffic hours and 80.64 Mbps during a 5G BS switched-off session along with guaranteed full coverage over the entire region by the remaining active LTE BSs.

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Kamal, Muhammad Ayoub, Hafiz Wahab Raza, Muhammad Mansoor Alam, Mazliham Mohd Su’ud, and Aznida binti Abu Bakar Sajak. "Resource Allocation Schemes for 5G Network: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 6588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196588.

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Fifth-generation (5G) communication technology is intended to offer higher data rates, outstanding user exposure, lower power consumption, and extremely short latency. Such cellular networks will implement a diverse multi-layer model comprising device-to-device networks, macro-cells, and different categories of small cells to assist customers with desired quality-of-service (QoS). This multi-layer model affects several studies that confront utilizing interference management and resource allocation in 5G networks. With the growing need for cellular service and the limited resources to provide it, capably handling network traffic and operation has become a problem of resource distribution. One of the utmost serious problems is to alleviate the jamming in the network in support of having a better QoS. However, although a limited number of review papers have been written on resource distribution, no review papers have been written specifically on 5G resource allocation. Hence, this article analyzes the issue of resource allocation by classifying the various resource allocation schemes in 5G that have been reported in the literature and assessing their ability to enhance service quality. This survey bases its discussion on the metrics that are used to evaluate network performance. After consideration of the current evidence on resource allocation methods in 5G, the review hopes to empower scholars by suggesting future research areas on which to focus.

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Lin, Zhi, Min Lin, Jun-Bo Wang, Yongming Huang, and Wei-Ping Zhu. "Robust Secure Beamforming for 5G Cellular Networks Coexisting With Satellite Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, no. 4 (April 2018): 932–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2824760.

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Wang, Rong, Jingye Cai, Xiang Yu, and SiRui Duan. "Disruptive Technologies and Potential Cellular Architecture for 5G." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010512.

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The 5G wireless communication system is a new generation mobile communication system beyond 2020. 5GNow is still in the exploration stage. There are some shortcomings in LTE and LTE-A, such as strict synchronism, latency in crowded areas, energy consumption, and challenging in IoT, etc. The 5G wireless networks is a will consider satisfying better user experience, manifoldness of services, M2M of IoT. In this paper, we discuss some promising key technologies and conclude 5G potential cellular architecture.

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Biswash, Sanjay Kumar, and Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody. "A Fog Computing-Based Device-Driven Mobility Management Scheme for 5G Networks." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 6017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216017.

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The fog computing-based device-driven network is a promising solution for high data rates in modern cellular networks. It is a unique framework to reduce the generated-data, data management overheads, network scalability challenges, and help us to provide a pervasive computation environment for real-time network applications, where the mobile data is easily available and accessible to nearby fog servers. It explores a new dimension of the next generation network called fog networks. Fog networks is a complementary part of the cloud network environment. The proposed network architecture is a part of the newly emerged paradigm that extends the network computing infrastructure within the device-driven 5G communication system. This work explores a new design of the fog computing framework to support device-driven communication to achieve better Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). In particular, we focus on, how potential is the fog computing orchestration framework? How it can be customized to the next generation of cellular communication systems? Next, we propose a mobility management procedure for fog networks, considering the static and dynamic mobile nodes. We compare our results with the legacy of cellular networks and observed that the proposed work has the least energy consumption, delay, latency, signaling cost as compared to LTE/LTE-A networks.

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Journal articles on the topic '5G Cellular Networks'

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