Dissertations / Theses: '5G Mobile'

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Artusi, Denise. "5g mobile communications systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7563/.

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Un sistema mobile di comunicazione è un sistema di telecomunicazioni in cui è possibile mantenere la connessione o legame tra due o più utenti, anche nelle situazioni di mobilità totale o parziale degli stessi utenti. I sistemi radiomobili si stanno evolvendo dalla creazione del 1G (prima generazione) al 4G (quarta generazione). I telefoni di ogni generazione si differenziano in quattro aspetti principali : accesso radio, velocità di trasmissione dati, larghezza di banda e sistemi di commutazione. In questa tesi si affronta il tema dei sistemi 5G , negli ambienti terrestri e satellitari , in quanto sono l'ultima evoluzione dei sistemi mobili . Si introduce il passaggio dalla prima alla connessione di quarta generazione , al fine di capire perché 5G sta per cambiare la nostra vita . Quello che mi colpisce è il sito italiano www.Repubblica.it che dice : " con la nuova generazione 5 possiamo affidare le intere porzioni nette di vita". La tecnologia cellulare , infatti , ha cambiato radicalmente la nostra società e il nostro modo di comunicare . In primo luogo è cambiata la telefonia vocale , per poi trasferirsi all' accesso dati , applicazioni e servizi. Tuttavia , Internet non è stato ancora pienamente sfruttato dai sistemi cellulari. Con l'avvento del 5G avremo l'opportunità di scavalcare le capacità attuali di Internet . Il sistema di comunicazione di quinta generazione è visto come la rete wireless reale , in grado di supportare applicazioni web wireless a livello mondiale ( wwww ). Ci sono due punti di vista dei sistemi 5G : evolutivo e rivoluzionario. Dal punto di vista evolutivo, i sistemi 5G saranno in grado di supportare wwww permettendo una rete altamente flessibile come un Adhoc rete wireless dinamica ( DAWN ) . In questa visione tecnologie avanzate, tra cui antenna intelligente e modulazione flessibile , sono le chiavi per ottimizzare le reti wireless ad hoc. Dal punto di vista rivoluzionario, i sistemi 5G dovrebbe essere una tecnologia intelligente in grado di interconnettere tutto il mondo senza limiti . Un esempio di applicazione potrebbe essere un robot wireless con intelligenza artificiale .

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Aklamanu, Fred Kwasi Mawufemor. "Intent-based networking for 5G mobile networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS013.

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Les réseaux mobiles utilisent actuellement une approche impérative pour la fourniture de services réseaux et la gestion du cycle de vie des services. Les sauts de technologie qui accompagnent la 5G vont attirer des millions de nouveaux utilisateurs et d'énormes volumes de données. Plus Les infrastructure de réseaux atteindront une complexité telle qu'une gestion en mode impératif ne pourra pas suivre la hausse escomptée en demandes de services. Les technologies Software Defined Networking (SDN) et Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) tracent la route pour la programmabilité, la flexibilité et l'évolutivité des réseaux mobiles. Les deux technologies offrent un avantage significatif aux Opérateur de réseau (NOs) en terme de gestion de réseaux et de fourniture de services, et élargissent leur marché aux fournisseurs tiers tels des opérateurs de réseau virtuels (VNOs) et des fournisseurs d'application Over-The-Top (OTT). Cependant, ces technologies reposent toujours sur des approches impératives de gestion et de fourniture de services réseaux. Une approche déclarative pour la gestion des réseaux services est nécessaire pour gérer leur accroissement du réseau de manière transparente, ce qu'offre une approche de réseautage basé sur l'intention (IBN). L'IBN consiste à organiser et à abstraire des ensembles d'instructions complexes de gestion et de configuration de réseaux afin de les exposer aux locataires du réseau sous la forme d'une demande de service simple et sans ambiguïté appelé Intention. L'intention décrit QUOI on demande tandis que le réseau gère COMMENT y répondre. La présente thèse propose un cadre de traitement basé sur les Intentions pour le traitement des requêtes par les marchés verticaux. L'étude se concentre sur l'approvisionnement des tranches de réseau 5G dédiées à des applications. La structure aide à la fois les opérateurs et les locataires du réseau à exprimer leur intention dans un langage de 4eme génération proche du langage humain et en langage de transformation (source-à-source) Mobile networks currently provide an imperative approach to network service provisioning and service life-cycle management. With the rapid technology disruptions, there is a wave that brings onboard millions of users, huge data bulks, and more complex network infrastructures which an imperative management approach will not scale up with the expected increase in demand. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) pave the way for programmability, flexibility, and scalability of mobile networks. Both technologies offer significant advantages to the Network Operators (NOs) in terms of network management and service provisioning, which widens their market to 3rd party providers such as Virtual Network Operators (VNOs) and Over-The-Top (OTT) Application Providers. However, these technologies still rely on imperative approaches to manage and provision network services. A declarative approach to network and service management is essential to handle the growth of networks seamlessly, which an Intent-based networking (IBN) approach provides. IBN consists of organizing and abstracting sets of complex network management and configuration instructions so as to expose them to network tenants in the form of a simple and unambiguous service request called Intent. Intents involve the expression of WHAT while the network handles the HOW. This thesis proposes an Intent-based networking framework for vertical markets with the aim to speed up and simplify the task of network service provisioning and management. The thesis focuses on provisioning 5G network slices using a declarative approach, Intents. The framework aids both operators and network tenants to express their Intent in a high-level language which is close to human language, based on the 4th generation language approach and language transformation (source-to-source) tools. The Intent-Based Networking framework is responsible for the end-to-end deployment of 5G network application slices by staging through different service execution phases including, service configuration, resource allocation, identifying optimal service placement strategy and service lifecycle monitoring without human intervention after Intent expression

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Suárez, Trujillo Luis Carlos. "Securing network slices in 5th generation mobile networks." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0050.

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Le « network slicing » est la pierre angulaire pour la conception et le déploiement de services de communication à forte valeur ajoutée qui seront supportés par les nouveaux cas d’usage introduits par la nouvelle architecture 5G. Ce document souligne le défi que représente l’isolation des « network slices », et la gestion de sa sécurité en fonction des politiques retenues.Tout d’abord, un nouveau modèle de contrôle d’accès a été créé. Il permet de sécuriser les interactions entre les fonctions réseaux supportées par les systèmes 5G. Ensuite, la gestion des interactions entre les «network slices » a été abordée. On utilise le concept de chaînes de « network slices », qui seront mises en oeuvre après validation des contraintes de sécurité selon la politique choisie. Enfin, une méthode de quantification de l’isolation a été mise au point, permettant de connaître le degré d’isolation d’un service de communication offert via des « network slices». Cela permet aux opérateurs de réseau et aux clients de mesurer le degré d’isolation, puis d’améliorer la configuration des « network slices » afin de le renforcer. Ces éléments établissent un cadre solide contribuant à sécuriser, verticalement, les services de communication d’un réseau 5G et à évaluer le degré de sécurité en ce qui concerne leurs interactions et leur isolation Network slicing is a cornerstone in the conception and deployment of enriched communication services for the new use cases envisioned and supported by the new 5G architecture.This document makes emphasis on the challenge of the network slicing isolation and security management according to policy. First, a novel access control model was created, that secures the interactions between network functions that reside inside the 5G system. Then, the management of the interactions between network slices was addressed. We coin the concept of network slice chains, which are conceived after security constraint validation according to policy. Lastly, a method to quantify isolation was developed, permitting to find out how well isolated a communication service is, which is offered via network slices. This enables network operators and customers to measure the isolation level and improve the configuration of the network slices so the isolation level can be enhanced. These components establish a solid framework that contributes to secure, vertically, the communication services of a 5G network and assess how secure they are with respect to their interactions and isolation

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Fernandez, Gambin Angel. "Energy Management Strategies for Sustainable 5G Mobile Networks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422824.

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The massive use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is increasing the amount of energy drained by the telecommunication infrastructure and its footprint on the environment. With the advent of the smartphone, mobile traffic is massively growing driven by both the rising number of user subscriptions and an increasing average data volume per subscription. This is putting a lot of pressure on the mobile network operators side, which are enforced to boost their infrastructure capacity by densifying the network with more Base Stations (BSs) and resources, which translates to a growth in the energy consumption and related costs. Hence, any future development in the ICT sector and its infrastructure has definitely to cope with their environmental and economical sustainability, where energy management is essential. In this thesis, we discuss the role of energy in the design of eco-friendly cost-effective sustainable mobile networks and, in particular, we elaborate on the use of Energy Harvesting (EH) hardware as a means to decrease the environmental footprint of the 5G network. Specifically, we investigate energy management strategies in 5G mobile networks with the main goals of: (i) improving the energy balance across base stations and other network elements, (ii) understanding how the energy can be exchanged either among network elements and the electrical grid, and (iii) investigating how renewable energy sources can be utilized within network elements to maximize the utility for the overall network in terms of better performance for the users (e.g., throughput, coverage, etc.), and lower energy consumption (i.e., carbon footprint) for the 5G network infrastructure. Therefore, we address, formulate and solve some of the problems related to the energy management in different scenarios within the 5G mobile network. The main covered topics are: (i) Wireless Energy Transfer where we investigate the tradeoffs involved in the recharging process from base stations to end users; (ii) Energy Cooperation in Mobile Networks where we target deployments featuring BSs with EH capabilities, i.e., equipped with solar panels and energy storage units, that are able to transfer energy among them; (iii) Energy Trading with the Electrical Grid where energy management schemes to diminish the cost incurred in the energy purchases from the electrical grid are pursued; and (iv) Energy Harvesting and Edge Computing Resource Management where EH and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) paradigms are combined within a multi-operator infrastructure sharing scenario with the goal of maximizing the exploitation of the network resources while decreasing monetary costs. Online learning techniques, such as Gaussian Processes and Machine Learning Neural Networks, and adaptive control tools, like Model Predictive Control, are put together to tackle these challenges with remarkable results in decreasing costs related to energy purchases from the electrical grid and energy efficiency among network elements.

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Labidi, Wael. "Smart grid-aware radio engineering in 5G mobile networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL006/document.

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La demande en énergie dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile augmente en raison de l’émergence de nouvelles technologies et de nouveaux services aux exigences de plus en plus élevées (débits de données, délais, etc.). Dans ce contexte, l'opérateur de réseau mobile (ORM) doit fournir d'avantage de ressources radio et de capacité de traitement dans son réseau, entraînant ainsi des coûts financiers plus élevés. L’ORM n’a pas d’autre choix que de mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’économie d’énergie sur plusieurs niveaux de son infrastructure, notamment au niveau du réseau d’accès radio (RAN).En parallèle, le réseau électrique devient plus intelligent, avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour équilibrer l'offre et la demande en faisant varier les prix de l'électricité, permettant ainsi à certains agrégateurs d'énergie de faire partie du processus d'approvisionnement et en signant des accords de réponse à la demande avec ses clients les plus important. Dans le contexte d'un réseau électrique intelligent et fiable, l'ORM, qui compte des milliers de evolved NodeB (eNB) répartis sur tout le pays, doit jouer un rôle majeur dans le réseau en agissant en tant que consommateur potentiel capable de vendre de l'électricité. Toutefois, dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, le réseau peut ne pas être fiable, voire même inexistant, l'ORM n'a d'autre choix que de déployer une centrale électrique virtuelle (VPP) qui l'alimente partiellement ou totalement.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les interactions entre l’opérateur de réseau et le réseau électrique, qu’il soit fiable ou non, dans les pays développés comme dans les pays en cours de développement. Nous étudions la gestion optimale de l'énergie à long et à court terme, dans le but de minimiser le coût total de possession (TCO) en énergie de l'opérateur par station de base, qui correspond à la somme de ses dépenses d'investissement (CAPEX) et de ses dépenses opérationnelles (OPEX), en assurant la satisfaction des besoins croissants en trafic de ses utilisateurs dans la cellule.L'étude à long terme nous permet de prendre des décisions d'investissement semestrielles pour le dimensionnement de la batterie et des sources énergies renouvelables, en tenant compte de la dégradation des performances des équipements, des prévisions de la croissance du trafic des utilisateurs et de l'évolution du marché de l'électricité sur une longue période de temps comptée en années.Dans le cas où elle est alimentée par un réseau intelligent fiable, la politique à court terme aide l’opérateur à définir quotidiennement une stratégie de gestion optimale de la batterie assurant l'arbitrage ou à le trading d’électricité tout en exploitant les fluctuations horaires des prix de l’électricité afin de minimiser la facture énergétique journalière de l'ORM tout en respectant certaines règles d'utilisation de ces équipements.Dans le cas d'un réseau électrique non fiable ou complètement inexistant, l'opérateur est alimenté par des sources hybrides couplant stockage (batteries), générateurs diesel, énergie solaire et le réseau électrique si ce dernier est opérationnel. Ici, nous définissons un ordre de priorité fixe sur l’utilisation de ces sources qui vise à étendre la durée de vie de la batterie et maintenir ses performances The energy demand in mobile networks is increasing due to the emergence of new technologies and new services with higher requirements (data rates, delays, etc). In this context, the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) has to provide more radio and processing resources in its network leading for higher financial costs. The MNO has no choice but to implement energy saving strategies in all the parts of its infrastructure and especially at the Radio Access Network (RAN).At the same time, the electrical grid is getting smarter including new functionalities to balance supply and demand by varying the electricity prices, allowing some aggregators to be part of the supply process and signing demand response agreements with its clients. In the context of reliable smart grid, the MNO having thousands of evolved NodeB (eNB) spread over all the country, has to play major role in the grid by acting as a prosumer able to sell electricity. In African Sub-Saharan countries however, the grid may be not reliable or even non existent, the MNO has no choice but to deploy a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and rely partially or totally on it.In this thesis, we study the interactions between the network operator and the grid either reliable or not in both developed and developing countries. We investigate both long term and short term optimal energy related management, with the aim of minimising the operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for energy per base station which is the sum of its Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) while satisfying the growing needs of its user traffic in the cell.The long term study enables us to make semestral based investment decisions for the battery and renewable energy sources dimensioning considering equipment performance degradation, predictions on users traffic growth and electricity market evolution over a long period of time counted in years.In the case of being powered by a reliable smart grid, the short term policy helps the operator to set on a daily basis, an optimal battery management strategy by performing electricity arbitrage or trading that takes advantage of the electricity prices hourly fluctuations in order to minimize the MNO daily energy bill while respecting some rules on the usage of its equipments.In the case of a non reliable or off-grid environment, the operator is powered by hybrid sources coupling storage, diesel generators, solar power and the grid if the latter is operational. Here, we define a fixed order of priority on the use of these sources that extends the battery lifetime and maintain its performance

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6

Labidi, Wael. "Smart grid-aware radio engineering in 5G mobile networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL006.

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Abstract:

La demande en énergie dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile augmente en raison de l’émergence de nouvelles technologies et de nouveaux services aux exigences de plus en plus élevées (débits de données, délais, etc.). Dans ce contexte, l'opérateur de réseau mobile (ORM) doit fournir d'avantage de ressources radio et de capacité de traitement dans son réseau, entraînant ainsi des coûts financiers plus élevés. L’ORM n’a pas d’autre choix que de mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’économie d’énergie sur plusieurs niveaux de son infrastructure, notamment au niveau du réseau d’accès radio (RAN).En parallèle, le réseau électrique devient plus intelligent, avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour équilibrer l'offre et la demande en faisant varier les prix de l'électricité, permettant ainsi à certains agrégateurs d'énergie de faire partie du processus d'approvisionnement et en signant des accords de réponse à la demande avec ses clients les plus important. Dans le contexte d'un réseau électrique intelligent et fiable, l'ORM, qui compte des milliers de evolved NodeB (eNB) répartis sur tout le pays, doit jouer un rôle majeur dans le réseau en agissant en tant que consommateur potentiel capable de vendre de l'électricité. Toutefois, dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, le réseau peut ne pas être fiable, voire même inexistant, l'ORM n'a d'autre choix que de déployer une centrale électrique virtuelle (VPP) qui l'alimente partiellement ou totalement.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les interactions entre l’opérateur de réseau et le réseau électrique, qu’il soit fiable ou non, dans les pays développés comme dans les pays en cours de développement. Nous étudions la gestion optimale de l'énergie à long et à court terme, dans le but de minimiser le coût total de possession (TCO) en énergie de l'opérateur par station de base, qui correspond à la somme de ses dépenses d'investissement (CAPEX) et de ses dépenses opérationnelles (OPEX), en assurant la satisfaction des besoins croissants en trafic de ses utilisateurs dans la cellule.L'étude à long terme nous permet de prendre des décisions d'investissement semestrielles pour le dimensionnement de la batterie et des sources énergies renouvelables, en tenant compte de la dégradation des performances des équipements, des prévisions de la croissance du trafic des utilisateurs et de l'évolution du marché de l'électricité sur une longue période de temps comptée en années.Dans le cas où elle est alimentée par un réseau intelligent fiable, la politique à court terme aide l’opérateur à définir quotidiennement une stratégie de gestion optimale de la batterie assurant l'arbitrage ou à le trading d’électricité tout en exploitant les fluctuations horaires des prix de l’électricité afin de minimiser la facture énergétique journalière de l'ORM tout en respectant certaines règles d'utilisation de ces équipements.Dans le cas d'un réseau électrique non fiable ou complètement inexistant, l'opérateur est alimenté par des sources hybrides couplant stockage (batteries), générateurs diesel, énergie solaire et le réseau électrique si ce dernier est opérationnel. Ici, nous définissons un ordre de priorité fixe sur l’utilisation de ces sources qui vise à étendre la durée de vie de la batterie et maintenir ses performances The energy demand in mobile networks is increasing due to the emergence of new technologies and new services with higher requirements (data rates, delays, etc). In this context, the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) has to provide more radio and processing resources in its network leading for higher financial costs. The MNO has no choice but to implement energy saving strategies in all the parts of its infrastructure and especially at the Radio Access Network (RAN).At the same time, the electrical grid is getting smarter including new functionalities to balance supply and demand by varying the electricity prices, allowing some aggregators to be part of the supply process and signing demand response agreements with its clients. In the context of reliable smart grid, the MNO having thousands of evolved NodeB (eNB) spread over all the country, has to play major role in the grid by acting as a prosumer able to sell electricity. In African Sub-Saharan countries however, the grid may be not reliable or even non existent, the MNO has no choice but to deploy a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and rely partially or totally on it.In this thesis, we study the interactions between the network operator and the grid either reliable or not in both developed and developing countries. We investigate both long term and short term optimal energy related management, with the aim of minimising the operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for energy per base station which is the sum of its Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) while satisfying the growing needs of its user traffic in the cell.The long term study enables us to make semestral based investment decisions for the battery and renewable energy sources dimensioning considering equipment performance degradation, predictions on users traffic growth and electricity market evolution over a long period of time counted in years.In the case of being powered by a reliable smart grid, the short term policy helps the operator to set on a daily basis, an optimal battery management strategy by performing electricity arbitrage or trading that takes advantage of the electricity prices hourly fluctuations in order to minimize the MNO daily energy bill while respecting some rules on the usage of its equipments.In the case of a non reliable or off-grid environment, the operator is powered by hybrid sources coupling storage, diesel generators, solar power and the grid if the latter is operational. Here, we define a fixed order of priority on the use of these sources that extends the battery lifetime and maintain its performance

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Lüneburg, Lisa-Marie, Emese Papp, and Jens Krzywinski. "5G Sports – tragbare Technologiedemonstratoren im taktilen Internet." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36926.

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Der fünfte Mobilfunkstandard 5G wird zukünftig die Übertragung großer Datenmengen auch über weite Strecken nahezu in Echtzeit ermöglichen. Diese neue, praktisch latenzfreie Kommunikationstechnologie erlaubt einen von zeit- und ortsunabhängigen Austausch von Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen zwischen Menschen und Maschinen. Damit werden haptisches Feedback über weite Entfernungen (taktiles Internet) und als Anwendung dessen neue Formen des räumlich verteilten Kooperierens und Lernens (Internet der Fähigkeiten und Kompetenzen) möglich. Das Exzellenzcluster CeTI der TU Dresden setzt mit seiner Forschung genau an dieser Stelle an: Eine Vielzahl möglicher interaktiver Anwendungen im Konsumenten-, aber auch im professionellen Bereich ist denkbar. In einer interdisziplinären Vorstudie des Technisches Designs und des 5G Lab Germany wurden mögliche Einsatzfelder identifiziert und durch Demonstratoren erlebbar gemacht. Als ein Anwendungsbereich wurde der Leistungssport identifiziert. Da Disziplin, hohe körperliche Belastung und Perfektion im Bewegungsablauf von professionellen Sportlern über einen langen Zeitraum abverlangt wird, bringt der Bereich ein hohes Potenzial und Akzeptanz mit sich, um effizientere Trainingsmethoden mit Hilfe von cyber-physischen Systemen zu entwickeln. Eine wesentliche Fragestellung der Vorstudie war außerdem zu untersuchen, inwieweit Demonstratoren das Erleben verschiedener Ebenen einer abstrakten Technologie ermöglichen können. In einer Primärstudie, die als Beobachtungen während einer Messeveranstaltung des 5G Summit und weiteren öffentlichen Ausstellungen in Dresden 2018 durchgeführt wurden, konnten hierzu erste Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden.

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Xu, Benshuai. "Time varying channel models for 5G mobile communication systems." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13270/.

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Researchers all over the world are looking for ways of continuing the evolution of mobile communication technology to its fifth generation (5G). Providing high data rate information transfer to highly mobile users over time varying communication channels remains a shared obstacle. In this thesis, we contribute to these global efforts by providing further fundamental understanding of time varying channels in 5G mobile communication systems and overcome the obstacle. First, we reopen the door of research in the field of time varying communication channels. The door has almost been closed before by a well-accepted conclusion related to the types of channels. It was ‘proven’ that mutual information rate of the uniformly symmetric variable noise finite state Markov channel (USVNFSMC) was maximized by input signals of maximum information entropy. The result means time varying channels and time invariable channels are identical, regarding information rate maximization over input signal probability distribution. We provide evidence that assumptions for the results are not valid for time varying channels and replace them with more practical ones. We confirm, via input signals of non-uniform independent distribution and first order Markov chain, that the mutual information rate of the USVN-FSMC is maximized by input signals with information redundancy. Second, we provide a solution which dramatically reduces the waste of communication resources in estimating channel state information of time varying mobile communication channels. The orthodox method in dealing with time varying channels is that, the channel is “cut” to pieces in time domain to look like a sequence of time invariable channels for the purpose of state estimation. By doing this the capacity loss is staggering for n-times higher carrier frequency channels and n-dimensional multiple input and multiple output channels, eliminating almost entirely the capacity gain of these two most promising capacity-increasing techniques for 5G. We define the simplest finite state Markov model for time varying channels to explain the essential difference between information processing of time varying channels and time invariable channels. We prove that the full information capacity of the model can be achieved by the differential type encoding/decoding scheme without employing any conventional channel state estimator.

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VALLERO, GRETA. "Green Mobile Networks: from 4G to 5G and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2960753.

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Khan, Komal Saif Ullah. "Cooperative Content Caching for 5G and Beyond Mobile Wireless Networks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22970.

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: The increased interest in traffic-intensive applications such as High Definition (HD) video, augmented reality, and 3-D visualization is expected to result in higher network traffic. Such higher-fold traffic growth requires a significant paradigm shift in implementing upcoming 5G technology so that the user requests can be accommodated at the core network without causing a bottleneck. Emerging mobile content caching techniques can efficiently relieve overloaded network by caching popular content at intermediate nodes and user devices. Its efficacy, however, lies in the intelligent caching of popular files. To better deploy caching, a heterogeneous caching architecture is proposed that supports comprehensive cooperation. We propose three cooperative caching schemes in cellular networks, D2D networks, and cross-tier networks. Caching decisions are made by considering the content popularity, the device distribution, the transmission method, and the caching capability. Furthermore, we investigate a multi-association-based model in which a user associates with multiple caching entities to retrieve its requested content. We then present an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm for setting up users' preferences and grouping them into the same clusters based on the similarity of their requests. Stochastic geometry has been used to model and analyze different coverage scenarios. Gains obtained are quantified in terms of coverage probability, cache hit probability, and delay through numerical and network simulations. Results show that the coverage probability achieved is 40% higher than the compared method. On the other hand, the cache hit probability increases to nearly 90% after clustering with the proposed method. The delay performance outperforms a popularity-based caching scheme and results in a 75% decrease in delay; however, the network's energy consumption is compromised for this purpose.

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Egena, O. "Planning and optimisation of 4G/5G mobile networks and beyond." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/45123/.

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As mobile networks continue to evolve, two major problems have always existed that greatly affect the quality of service that users experience. These problems are (1) efficient resource management for users at the edge of the network and those in a network coverage hole. (2) network coverage such that improves the quality of service for users while keeping the cost of deployment very low. In this study, two novel algorithms (Collaborative Resource Allocation Algorithm and Memetic-Bee-Swarm Site Location-Allocation Algorithm) are proposed to solve these problems. The Collaborative Resource Allocation Algorithm (CRAA) is inspired by lending and welfare system from the field of political economy and developed as a Market Game. The CRAA allows users to collaborate through coalition formation for cell edge users and users with less than the required Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference-Ratio to transmit at satisfactory Quality of Service, which is a result of the payoff, achieved and distributed using the Shapley value computed using the Owens Multi Linear Extension function. The Memetic-Bee-Swarm Site Location-Allocation Algorithm (MBSSLAA) is inspired by the behaviour of the Memetic algorithm and Bee Swarm Algorithm for site location. Series of System-level simulations and numerical evaluations were run to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. Numerical evaluation and simulations results show that the Collaborative Resource Allocation Algorithm compared with two popular Long Term Evolution-Advanced algorithms performs higher in comparison when assessed using throughput, spectral efficiency and fairness. Also, results from the simulation of MBSSLAA using realistic network design parameter values show significant higher performance for users in the coverage region of interest and signifies the importance of the ultra-dense small cells network in the future of telecommunications’ services to support the Internet of Things. The results from the proposed algorithms show that following from the existing solutions in the literature; these algorithms give higher performance than existing works done on these problems. On the performance scale, the CRAA achieved an average of 30% improvement on throughput and spectral efficiency for the users of the network. The results also show that the MBSSLAA is capable of reducing the number of small cells in an ultra-dense small cell network while providing the requisite high data coverage. It also indicates that this can be achieved while maintaining high SINR values and throughput for the users, therefore giving them a satisfactory level of quality of service which is a significant requirement in the Fifth Generation network’s specification.

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Chen, Lixia. "Millimeter-Wave Wide Band Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Applications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39446.

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The thesis presents a compact, miniature, and low cost antenna array designed for millimeter-wave frequencies for future 5th generation (5G) mobile applications. The proposed antenna array is a geometrically modified structure of the Franklin array, which allowed to transform a conventional narrowband array into a wideband antenna array. It is composed of five millimetre-wave circular patch radiation elements with phasing stubs. The designed array, fabricated on the commercial Rogers RO3003 substrate with small form factor of 8x25x0.5 mm3, covers the upcoming 5G band of 23.6-30.3 GHz, with peak gain as 10.8 dB, and high radiation efficiency over the whole operating band. In addition, with frequency sweeping, the proposed antenna array radiation pattern is directive and offers beam steering at the desired angles, acting similarly as a leaky-wave antenna.

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Alawe, Imad. "Architectures evaluation and dynamic scaling for 5G mobile core networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S119/document.

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Afin de répondre aux besoins de la 5G, nous évaluons plusieurs visions du cœur de réseau. Nous comparons les performances des visions en mesurant le temps nécessaire pour établir le service pour l’utilisateur. De plus, nous proposons dans cette thèse un algorithme basé sur la théorie du contrôle permettant d’équilibrer la charge entre les instances AMF, et d’augmenter ou de diminuer le nombre d’instances AMF en fonction de la charge du réseau. En outre, nous proposons un nouveau mécanisme pour adapter les ressources du réseau cœur 5G en anticipant les évolutions, de la charge de trafic, grâce à des prédictions via des approches de machine learning. Enfin, nous proposons une solution pour généraliser les réseaux de neurones tout en accélérant le processus In order to fulfil the needs of 5G, we evaluate, using a testbed, multiple visions of core networks. We compare the performances of the visions in terms of the time needed to create the user data plane. In addition, we provide an algorithm based on Control Theory allowing to equilibrate the load on the AMF instances, and to scale out or in the AMF instances depending on the network load. Also, we propose a novel mechanism to scale 5G core network resources by anticipating traffic load changes through forecasting via deep learning approaches. Finally, we propose a novel solution to generalize neural networks while accelerating the learning process

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Mohammadi, Alireza. "Cloud Native MANO for Next Generation Mobile Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS633.pdf.

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Cette thèse cristallise des contributions significatives articulées autour de concepts intégraux tels que DevOps cohérent et l’automatisation déclarative pour réaliser une pile MANO cloud natif, spécialisé pour des réseaux de télécommunications. Ces principes sont appliqués dans le contexte des systèmes multi-x, où « x » représente diverses dimensions telles que le fournisseur RAN, l’OS et le cloud, traitant plusieurs niveaux d’hétérogénéité et de diversité des réseaux modernes. Interprétant le multi-x comme une extension cloud natif de l’écosystème Open RAN, cette thèse est conçu et validé à travers un prototype concret et un pilot pour les réseaux 5G multi-fournisseurs. Cela répond parfaitement aux complexités des systèmes MANO dans le contexte des déploiements dans des clouds privés et publics en intégrant des technologies avancées telles que eBPF et des développements récents dans le domaine cloud natif, notamment Kubernetes This thesis crystallizes significant contributions pivoted around integral concepts such as Consistent DevOps and Declarative Automation to realize the envisioned cloud-native MANO. These principles are applied in the context of multi-x systems, where ‘x’ represents various dimensions such as RAN vendor, OS, and cloud, addressing the level of heterogeneity and diversity in the modern networks. Interpreting multi-x as a cloud-native extension to the Open RAN ecosystem, the thesis is conceived and validated through a concrete proof-of-concept prototype for multi-vendor 5G networks. This addresses the complexities of next generation private and public cloud-native MANO systems by incorporating advanced technologies such as eBPF and recent developments in the cloud-native domain, including Kubernetes

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Пушкарьов, В. В., В. М. Безрук та О. П. Малінін. "Еволюція і розвиток поколінь мобільних систем від 3G до 5G". Thesis, ХНУРЕ, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/16485.

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5G - (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) a name used in scientific papers and projects for designations of the following main phases of mobile telecommunications standards after 4G standards. Currently, 5G is not official term, use for any particular specifications or in any official documents prior to publication telecommunications companies or standards bodies, such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum and ITU-R. 5G telecommunication networks should solve the problems that are present in 4G networks. The 5G standard is a new stage in the development of technologies that will provide unlimited access to the network of users and devices.

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CALABUIG, GASPAR JORGE. "Broadcasting in 4G mobile broadband networks and its evolution towards 5G." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48561.

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One of the challenges of the mobile industry is to cope with the growth of mobile traffic demand expected for the next years, primarily driven by the increasing usage of mobile video services. Indeed, the existence of increasingly powerful terminals is encouraging the consumption of high-quality video content. Usually, video services are identified with linear Television (TV) and scheduled broadcast (point-to-multipoint (p-t-m)) distribution. However, the consumption of video content over mobile networks is different from traditional fixed TV because contents are mainly consumed on-demand with unicast point-to-point (p-t-p) connections. Then, the convergence of linear TV and on-demand content delivery represents a challenge that requires a combined broadcast/unicast transmission model. This dissertation addresses the use of broadcasting technologies for the provision of mobile multimedia services in Fourth Generation (4G) mobile broadband networks and beyond. Specifically, the dissertation focuses on the broadcast technology included in 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) networks, known as Enhanced Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Services (eMBMS). It analyses the benefits of the eMBMS physical layer aspects regarding Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) deployments and identifies the current limitations of eMBMS at physical layer by comparing with the broadcast technology of the other 4G mobile system, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16m standard. Those limitations are the use of a dedicated carrier and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques for broadcast transmissions. Our investigations employ a complete simulation platform including link-level and system-level simulations to evaluate the performance of broadcast transmissions in these real technologies. The research on eMBMS services is aimed at finding the optimum delivery of streaming and file download services focusing on the Radio Resource Management (RRM) problem and trade-off between Physical layer – Forward Error Correction (PHY-FEC) and Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC). Concerning streaming services, results show that the use of AL-FEC increases the coverage level and, then, the maximum service data rate. The gain due to AL-FEC is greater in scenarios with high mobility users, although, this gain is limited if low zapping times are desired. Regarding file delivery services, this dissertation analyses the duration of the transmission required to guarantee the correct file reception and the reduction in the mean throughput of unicast users with different delivery modes. They are the unicast delivery, the eMBMS delivery and a hybrid approach, which combines a first eMBMS delivery with a postdelivery error repair phase with unicast transmissions. Our results show that the hybrid delivery is the most efficient configuration in terms of file download time, although it further reduces unicast performance. Calabuig Gaspar, J. (2015). Broadcasting in 4G mobile broadband networks and its evolution towards 5G [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48561 TESIS

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Ghaffari, Fariba. "A novel blockchain-based architecture for mobile network operators : Beyond 5G." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS009.

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Alors que l'architecture centralisée et autonome existante des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles (ORM) fournit une connectivité à des milliards d'utilisateurs, ils souffrent d'un manque de mécanismes techniques pour améliorer la collaboration entre les MNO et les autres fournisseurs.Cela a des impacts sur les coûts de mutualisation, ainsi que sur la consommation d'énergie et l'impact environnemental. Cela peut également empêcher l'avènement de modèles commerciaux plus collaboratifs avec d'autres fournisseurs ou même avec des clients. De plus, la complexité des réseaux au-delà de la 5G peut dépasser la capacité d'un ORM à gérer le coût et la complexité. Enfin, les architectures MNO existantes souffrent également de leur centralisation, problèmes techniques et vulnérabilités.Relever ces défis n'est pas un voyage simple. Cependant, nous croyons qu'il y a un intérêt à proposer à la communauté de la recherche en télécommunications une approche de table rase. De telles solutions alternatives doivent - au moins - avoir un écosystème distribué/décentralisé, assurer la fiabilité entre les acteurs dans l'environnement méfiant, partager les ressources entre les parties prenantes, apporter une automatisation plus élevée et fournir une sécurité et une confidentialité suffisantes.La blockchain est une technologie de registre distribué peer-to-peer qui ne peut être mise à jour que par consensus entre la majorité des nœuds participants sur le réseau. En raison de ses caractéristiques intrinsèques, la Blockchain et les smart contrats peuvent réduire le coût, la latence et la complexité de la collaboration entre les entités d'un réseau cellulaire multi-acteurs tout en augmentant la fiabilité, la traçabilité et les capacités de supervision.Ce travail propose un système de connectivité mobile multi-acteurs qui fournit une solution distribuée et sécurisée prou les entités et les acteurs de l'écosystème du réseau cellulaire. Pour ce faire, ce travail fournit dans un premier temps une étude complète des défis existants dans les réseaux cellulaires actuels concernant les aspects commerciaux et de collaboration, les problèmes techniques et la sécurité. Les résultats de ces études nous ont amenés à proposer deux contributions principales, l'une concernant la coopération entre les différents acteurs de l'écosystème des réseaux cellulaires, et l'autre pour la collaboration entre les ORM pour la gestion des identités et des profils.Plus précisément, la première contribution propose un nouvel écosystème de télécommunications hybride (distribué-décentralisé) pour façonner la conception des réseaux au-delà de la 5G et de la 6G. Cette méthode offre la possibilité d'éliminer toute autorité centrale, d'augmenter la tolérance aux pannes du système, de simplifier les procédures informatiques et de sécuriser le paiement entre les entités.La deuxième contribution introduit une nouvelle gestion des profils d'utilisateurs et un portage des numéros et des profils mobiles en plus de la Blockchain et des contrats intelligents. Cette méthode vise à éliminer l'autorité centrale dans la procédure de portage en créant un système plus collaboratif et distribué dans ce but, à augmenter l'automatisation et la confiance, et à remédier à la latence élevée de la méthode existante de portage des ORM. De plus, il offre la possibilité de porter les profils des utilisateurs vers l'ORM destinataire ainsi que le numéro de téléphone avec une procédure automatisée sans autorité centralisée ni tiers.Pour évaluer le système proposé et analyser sa faisabilité de mise en œuvre, nous avons proposé trois scénarios de déploiement dans lesquels la Blockchain peut être logiquement positionnée soit en RAN, cœur de réseau, ou couche de service. Les résultats de l'évaluation montrent que le système est suffisamment évolutif en ce qui concerne le nombre d'acteurs et de collaborateurs, et en fonction des exigences du réseau, ses performances et son niveau de sécurité sont ajustables While the existing centralized and stand-alone architecture of Mobile Network Operators (MNO) provides connectivity to billions of users, they suffer from a lack of technical mechanisms to enhance collaboration between MNOs and other providers.This has impacts on mutualization costs, as well as on energy consumption and environmental impact. This may also prevent the advent of more collaborative business models with other providers or even with customers. Moreover, the complexity of 5G and beyond 5G networks may surpass the capability of one MNO to manage the cost and the complexity of connection. Finally, existing MNO architectures also suffer from their centralization, resulting in several technical issues and vulnerabilities.Addressing these challenges is not a straightforward journey. MNO architectures have been defined for nearly three decades by well-established standardization bodies. However, we believe there is an interest in proposing to the telecom research community a clean-slate approach. Such alternative solutions need to -at least- have a distributed/ decentralized ecosystem, provide trustworthiness between actors in the distrusted environment, share the resources among stakeholders, bring higher automation, and provide sufficient security and privacy. Any alternative addressing these requirements would be a promising potential solution.Blockchain is a peer-to-peer distributed ledger, cryptographically secure, append-only, immutable, traceable, and transparent technology that is only updateable via consensus among a majority of the participating nodes on the network. Due to its intrinsic features, Blockchain, and smart contracts can decrease the cost, latency, and complexity of collaboration among entities in multi-actor cellular network while increasing the trustworthiness, traceability, and supervision abilities.This work proposes a multi-actor mobile connectivity system that provides a distributed, trustful, automated, low-cost, and secure solution for the entities and actors of the cellular network ecosystem. To do so, this work provides at first a comprehensive study of the existing challenges in current cellular networks regarding business and collaboration aspects, technical issues, and security. The results of these studies have led us to propose two main contributions, one regarding the cooperation among different actors of the cellular network ecosystem (i.e., MNOs, service providers, small-scale businesses, vendors, and end-users) and another for collaboration among MNOs (and potentially with regulation bodies) for identity and profile management.More precisely, the first contribution proposes a novel hybrid (distributed-decentralized) telecommunication ecosystem to shape the beyond 5G and 6G network design. This method provides the opportunity to eliminate any central authority, increase the fault tolerance of the system, simplifies IT procedures, and provide secure payment among entities.The second contribution introduces a new user profile management and mobile number and profile porting on top of Blockchain and smart contracts. This method aims to eliminate the central authority in the porting procedure by creating a more collaborative and distributed system to this aim, increase automation and trustfulness, and address the high latency of the existing method for porting the MNOs. Moreover, it brings the opportunity of porting the users' profiles to the recipient MNO as well as the phone number with an automated procedure without a centralized authority or third parties.To evaluate the proposed system and analyze its implementation feasibility, we proposed three deployment scenarios in which the Blockchain can be logically positioned either in RAN, core network, or service layer. The evaluation results show that the system is scalable enough regarding the number of actors and collaborators, and based on the network requirements, its performance and security level are adjustable

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Mastrosimone, Antonio Roberto. "Hybrid modile femtocells: the mmWave solution for 5G Moving Networks." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3644.

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Mobile connectivity is a vital requirement for peoples everyday life. Users would like to have unlimited access to information for anyone, anywhere, and anytime, especially in public means of transport where they spend a lot of time travelling. The connectivity to Internet becomes difficult for passengers because public transportation vehicles suffer from the low quality signal from the outside wireless network. One of the requirements of the 5G Network is to guarantee a high level of service to users wherever they are, both at home, office, or in public means of transport. Users on the move shall have the impression that the network infrastructure follows them", in situations where they suffer from poor coverage today. A first solution to improve the broadband connectivity is to deploy more eNodeBs close to buses or train routes, but it requires high investment for providers and a higher complexity in managing the increasing number of handover. The rapid growth in the deployment of LTE femtocells for indoor use and their benefits have led many authors to propose using them even in vehicles, implementing the so-called Moving Networks. This work shows that the use of pure LTE mobile femtocells exhibits relevant issues in terms of interference and consequently poor performance in a realistic use. In order to overcome these issues, we propose to adopt the millimeter Wave (mmWave) technology in the Moving Networks, creating the Hybrid Mobile Femtocells. The new technology will satisfy the 5G requirements of enhancing the capacity and coverage for the users on the move and to enable long battery life, due to the short range transmission between the user equipments and the access point. In the thesis we discuss the concerns arising from applying mmWave communications at 60 GHz inside vehicles. We provide a new throughput analysis in order to benchmark our proposal to the solutions presented in literature. Furthermore, we analyse the system performance in two different scenarios: a sub-urban setup and in an urban configuration where different kind of cells are deployed. The results obtained by Matlab simulations, show a noticeable improvement of the global system throughput by using Hybrid Mobile Femtocells.

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Kyllonen, Jaakko. "Design of frequency agile filter and mmWave antenna for 5G mobile devices." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0117.

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Depuis une vingtaine d’années les communications mobiles sont en constante évolution pour répondre à la demande et aux besoins des utilisateurs notamment en termes de quantité de données à échanger. Le grand public tout comme les professionnels demandent donc des connexions très haut débit fiables avec des temps de latence réduits. L’introduction de la 5G permettra de dépasser les limites actuelles et offrira de nouveaux services mais implique une rupture technologique importante. Dans ce cadre, l’industrie électronique s’intéresse au développement des composants clés de demain permettant de répondre aux différentes évolutions à venir. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a donc été de trouver des solutions originales pour améliorer les performances des front-end RF des futurs terminaux mobiles. Ainsi deux dispositifs ont été étudiés. Un filtre reconfigurable pour les fréquences inférieures à 6 GHz en technologie LTCC intégrant un switch SP4T en technologie SOI et un réseau d’antennes à faible coût autour de 28 GHz pour la 5G NR (Nouvelle Radio) ont été conçus, réalisés et testés Mobile communications are in constant race to meet the demands of the users, especially in the terms of the amount of data they want to use. The introduction of the 5G NR (New Radio) will exceed the current limits but it needs technological breakthroughs to achieve its goals. To achieve the promises of the new 5G NR communication standard the electronics industry is interested in to develop new key components for tomorrow. The objective of this thesis work has been to design two key components to respond to the different future developments of the mobile devices. Therefore a frequency agile filter for frequencies below 6 GHz and a low cost antenna array around 28 GHz for 5G NR have been designed, manufactured and tested

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Fawaz, Ibrahim. "Offloading strategies for mobile terminals with energy harvesting capabilities." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT040.

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Aujourd’hui, les communications mobiles sans fil sont en pleine croissance, en raison du grand nombre d’appareils connectés, ce qui augmente considérablement la demande de gros volumes de données, nécessitant des calculs intensifs et entraînant une forte consommation d’énergie. Toutefois, cette expansion des services sans fil est encore entravée par les limitations des terminaux mobiles, en termes de capacité de traitement, de stockage et d’énergie. Récemment, le Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) et la récupération d’énergie (EH) ont été proposés comme des technologies prometteuses pour prolonger la durée de vie des batteries des appareils mobiles et améliorer leurs capacités de traitement. D’une part, le MEC permet de décharger les tâches de calcul des appareils mobiles vers une station de base voisine avec plus d’énergie et de ressources de traitement. D’autre part, l’EH exploite des sources d’énergie alternatives et renouvelables pour alimenter les appareils mobiles. Cependant, la nature stochastique des énergies renouvelables peut entraîner des pénuries d’énergie. Dans ce cas, les performances du système peuvent être dégradées en raison de la perte de paquets ou d’une latence intolérable. Afin de garantir la durabilité du système, des politiques de transmission efficaces sous les contraintes de l’EH sont nécessaires. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la planification conjointe des ressources et le déchargement des calculs dans un système MEC monoutilisateur fonctionnant avec des dispositifs basés sur l’EH. La contribution principale de ce travail est l’introduction de la contrainte de délai stricte au lieu de la contrainte de délai moyenne pour satisfaire les besoins futurs des communications à faible latence et des applications critiques. Nous étudions trois configurations différentes. Dans la première configuration, nous considérons que le canal est parfaitement connu au niveau de l’émetteur (CSI parfait) et nous visons à minimiser la perte de paquets due à la violation du délai et au débordement de la mémoire tampon du dispositif. Le problème d’optimisation associé est modélisé comme un processus de décision de Markov et la politique optimale est donnée par des techniques de programmation dynamique. Nous montrons que la politique optimale est plus performante que les autres politiques en adaptant le nombre de paquets traités aux états du système. Dans la seconde configuration, nous considérons un scénario plus réaliste, où le canal n’est pas parfaitement connu à l’émetteur et il est acquis après une phase d’estimation. En fait, cette estimation peut être erronée entraînant une dégradation supplémentaire du taux de perte de paquets. Par conséquent, nous évaluons la politique optimale obtenue précédemment lorsque le CSI est imparfait et nous montrons qu’elle reste robuste par rapport à d’autres politiques. Enfin, nous examinons la configuration sans CSI au niveau de l’émetteur. Nous supposons donc qu’un CSI obsolète est seulement disponible et nous montrons que la politique optimale proposée peut encore atteindre de bonnes performances par rapport à d’autres politiques Nowadays, the wireless mobile communications are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled by the huge number of connected devices increasing importantly the demands for high-volume data traffic, requiring thus intensive computation and leading to high energy consumption. However, this expansion of wireless services is still restrained by mobile terminals limitations, in terms of processing capacity, storage and energy. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Energy Harvesting (EH) schemes have been recently proposed as promising technologies to extend the battery lives of mobile devices and improve their computing capabilities. On one hand, MEC enables offloading computation tasks from mobile devices to nearby Base Station with more energy and computations resources. On the other hand, EH exploits alternative renewable energy sources to power mobile devices. However, the stochastic nature of renewable energy may lead to energy outage. In such cases, the system’s performance can be degraded due to packet loss or intolerable latency. In order to sensure the system sustainability, efficient transmission policies under EH constraints are needed. In this thesis, we investigate the joint resource scheduling and computation offloading in a single user MEC system operating with EH based devices. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of the strict delay constraint instead of the average delay constraint to satisfy future requirements of lowlatency communications and critical applications. We study three different setups. In the first setup, we consider a perfect Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitting device and we aim to minimize the packet loss due to delay violation and buffer overflow at the device’s data buffer. The associated optimization problem is modeled as Markov Decision Process and the optimal policy is exhibited through Dynamic Programming techniques. We show that the optimal policy outperforms other policies by adapting the number of processed packets to the system states. In the second setup, we consider a more realistic scenario, where the channel is not perfectly known at the transmitter and it is acquired after an estimation phase. In fact, this estimation can be erroneous degrading thus further the packet loss rate. Hence, we evaluate the previously obtained optimal policy under imperfect CSI conditions and we show that it remains robust with respect to other policies. Finally, we address the setup with no CSI at the transmitter. We therefore assume that an outdated CSI is only available and we show that the proposed optimal policy can still achieve good performance compared to other policies

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Trinh, Hoang Duy. "Data analytics for mobile traffic in 5G networks using machine learning techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669204.

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This thesis collects the research works I pursued as Ph.D. candidate at the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC). Most of the work has been accomplished at the Mobile Network Department Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC). The main topic of my research is the study of mobile network traffic through the analysis of operative networks dataset using machine learning techniques. Understanding first the actual network deployments is fundamental for next-generation network (5G) for improving the performance and Quality of Service (QoS) of the users. The work starts from the collection of a novel type of dataset, using an over-the-air monitoring tool, that allows to extract the control information from the radio-link channel, without harming the users’ identities. The subsequent analysis comprehends a statistical characterization of the traffic and the derivation of prediction models for the network traffic. A wide group of algorithms are implemented and compared, in order to identify the highest performances. Moreover, the thesis addresses a set of applications in the context mobile networks that are prerogatives in the future mobile networks. This includes the detection of urban anomalies, the user classification based on the demanded network services, the design of a proactive wake-up scheme for efficient-energy devices. Esta tesis recoge los trabajos de investigación que realicé como Ph.D. candidato a la Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC). La mayor parte del trabajo se ha realizado en el Centro Tecnológico de Telecomunicaciones de Catalunya (CTTC) del Departamento de Redes Móviles. El tema principal de mi investigación es el estudio del tráfico de la red móvil a través del análisis del conjunto de datos de redes operativas utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Comprender primero las implementaciones de red reales es fundamental para la red de próxima generación (5G) para mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad de servicio (QoS) de los usuarios. El trabajo comienza con la recopilación de un nuevo tipo de conjunto de datos, utilizando una herramienta de monitoreo por aire, que permite extraer la información de control del canal de radioenlace, sin dañar las identidades de los usuarios. El análisis posterior comprende una caracterización estadística del tráfico y la derivación de modelos de predicción para el tráfico de red. Se implementa y compara un amplio grupo de algoritmos para identificar los rendimientos más altos. Además, la tesis aborda un conjunto de aplicaciones en el contexto de redes móviles que son prerrogativas en las redes móviles futuras. Esto incluye la detección de anomalías urbanas, la clasificación de usuarios basada en los servicios de red demandados, el diseño de un esquema de activación proactiva para dispositivos de energía eficiente.

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Zhao, Kun. "Mobile Antenna Systems for 4G and 5G Applications with User Body Interaction." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215266.

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In the thesis, the user body effect on antennas in a mobile terminal is discussed. In order to overcome the degradation of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance due to the user body effect, a quad-elements MIMO antenna array which can mitigate the body effect through an adaptive antenna switching method is introduced for 4G mobile terminals. In addition, various bezel MIMO antennas that are robust to the impedance mismatching caused by the user effect have also been presented. The study of user body effect is later extended to frequency bands at 15 GHz and 28 GHz for future 5G communication systems. The results reveal that a human body will cause a significant shadowing loss, which will be a critical loss in 5G cellular networks. The electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure of a mobile terminal is also studied in this thesis. Below 6 GHz, the simultaneous transmission specific absorption rate (SAR) for MIMO antennas is the primary concern due to its complicated assessment procedures. Above 6 GHz, the free space power density is adopted as the basic parameter of exposure limits globally, and preliminary studies have been presented to address major challenges in EMF exposure assessment for 5G mobile terminals. QC 20171005

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Alhumaima, Raad. "Evaluation of power consumption and trade-offs in 5G mobile communications networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15605.

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In this thesis, components and parameters based power models (PMs) are produced to measure the power consumption (PC) of cloud radio access network (CRAN) architecture. In components PM, the power figure of each component within C-RAN is evaluated. After, this model is parametrised such that the computation complexity of each component is converted to a straightforward, but accurate method, called parameterised PM. This model compares cooling and total PC of traditional LTE architecture with C-RAN. This comparison considered different parameters such as, utilised bandwidth, number of antenna, base band units (BBUs) and remote radio heads (RRHs). This model draws about 33% reduction in power. Next, this PC model is updated to serve and exhibit the cost of integrating software defined networks (SDNs) with C-RAN. Alongside, modelling the power cost of the control plane units in the core network (CN), such as serving gateway (SGW), packet gateway (PGW) and mobility management entity (MME). Although there is power cost, the proposed model shows the directions to mitigate it. Consequently, a simplified PM is proposed for virtualisation based C-RAN. In this model, the power cost of server virtualisation by hosting several virtual machines (VMs) is shown, in a time and cost effective way. The total reduction in the PC was about 75%, due to short-cutting the number of active servers in the network. Alongside, the latency cost due to such technique is modelled. Finally, to enable efficient virtualisation technology, live migrating the VMs amongst the servers is vital. However, this advantageous situation is concurrent with VM's migration time and power cost. Therefore, a model is proposed to calculate the power cost of VM's live migration, and shows the effect of such decision upon the total PC of the network/C-RAN. The proposed work converts the complexity of other proposed PMs, to a simplified and costless method. Concurrently, the time cost is added to the imposed virtualisation's time cost to formulate the total delay expected prior to these techniques' execution.

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Mwangama, Joyce Bertha. "Infrastructure sharing of 5G mobile core networks on an SDN/NFV platform." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27359.

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When looking towards the deployment of 5G network architectures, mobile network operators will continue to face many challenges. The number of customers is approaching maximum market penetration, the number of devices per customer is increasing, and the number of non-human operated devices estimated to approach towards the tens of billions, network operators have a formidable task ahead of them. The proliferation of cloud computing techniques has created a multitude of applications for network services deployments, and at the forefront is the adoption of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV). Mobile network operators (MNO) have the opportunity to leverage these technologies so that they can enable the delivery of traditional networking functionality in cloud environments. The benefit of this is reductions seen in the capital and operational expenditures of network infrastructure. When going for NFV, how a Virtualised Network Function (VNF) is designed, implemented, and placed over physical infrastructure can play a vital role on the performance metrics achieved by the network function. Not paying careful attention to this aspect could lead to the drastically reduced performance of network functions thus defeating the purpose of going for virtualisation solutions. The success of mobile network operators in the 5G arena will depend heavily on their ability to shift from their old operational models and embrace new technologies, design principles and innovation in both the business and technical aspects of the environment. The primary goal of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate the viability of data centre and cloud network infrastructure sharing use case. More specifically, the core question addressed by this thesis is how virtualisation of network functions in a shared infrastructure environment can be achieved without adverse performance degradation. 5G should be operational with high penetration beyond the year 2020 with data traffic rates increasing exponentially and the number of connected devices expected to surpass tens of billions. Requirements for 5G mobile networks include higher flexibility, scalability, cost effectiveness and energy efficiency. Towards these goals, Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualisation have been adopted in recent proposals for future mobile networks architectures because they are considered critical technologies for 5G. A Shared Infrastructure Management Framework was designed and implemented for this purpose. This framework was further enhanced for performance optimisation of network functions and underlying physical infrastructure. The objective achieved was the identification of requirements for the design and development of an experimental testbed for future 5G mobile networks. This testbed deploys high performance virtualised network functions (VNFs) while catering for the infrastructure sharing use case of multiple network operators. The management and orchestration of the VNFs allow for automation, scalability, fault recovery, and security to be evaluated. The testbed developed is readily re-creatable and based on open-source software.

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Bazin, Alexis. "Massive MIMO for 5G Scenarios with OFDM and FBMC/OQAM Waveforms." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0019/document.

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Avec l'augmentation du trafic de données, la multiplication des objets connectés et la diversification des types de communication, la cinquième génération de réseaux cellulaires (5G) doit relever un grand nombre de défis. Dans ce contexte, les systèmes« massive MIMO » présentent de nombreux avantages en utilisant un grand nombre d'antennes combiné à des techniques de traitement de signal adaptées. De plus, l'utilisation de la modulation FBMC/OQAM au lieu de la modulation OFDM pourrait améliorer la performance des systèmes dans ce11aines situations. En premier lieu, cette thèse se centre sur des scénarios véhiculaires. En par1iculier, les systèmes« massive MIMO » sont proposés dans le but de combattre les interférences dues à l'effet Doppler pour la voie montante. Nous montrons ainsi de manière analytique que l'augmentation du nombre d'antennes implique une réduction drastique de l'impact de l'effet Doppler. De plus, les performances des modulations OFDM et FBMC/OQAM sont comparées dans ce contexte pour des environnements« Non-Line-Of-Sight » (NLOS) et« Line-Of-Sight » (LOS). Le second scéna1io étudié dans cette thèse considère les communications dans des zones mal desservies. Dans ce contexte, les systèmes« massive MIMO » permettent de créer un lien sans-fil longue-po11ée de type« backhaul » entre deux stations de base. Ainsi, le coût de déploiement des réseaux r cellulaires est réduit. Dans cette thèse, un nouveau précodeur « massive MIMO » est proposé dans le but d'utiliser la même bande de fréquence pour le liens accès et« backhaul ». De plus, l'impact d'une désynchronisation entre les liens d'accès et le lien « backhaul » est étudié et l'utilisation de la modulation FBMC/OQAM pour le lien« backhaul » est examinée ESUME DE LA THESE EN ANGLAIS With the increase of the global data tmffic, the multiplication of co1mected devices and the diversification of the communication types, the fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) has to overcome a se1ies of challenges. In this context, massive MlMO systems hold a wide range of benefits by using a large number of antennas combined with appropriate signal processing techniques. Additionally, the use of the FBMC/OQAM modulation instead of the classical OFDM modulation may enhance the performance of the systems in cer1ain situations. Firstly, this thesis focuses on vehicular scenarios. In par1icular, massive MIMO systems are proposed to overcome the interference due to the Doppler effect for the uplink. We thus analytically highlight that increasing the number of receive antermas induces a drastic reduction of the impact of the Doppler effect. Moreover, the perfonnance of the OFDM and the FBMC/OQAM modulations are compared in this context for Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and Line-Of-Sight (LOS) environments. The second scenario investigated in this thesis considers communications in wide underse1ved areas. In this context, massive MIMO systems allow to create a long-range wireless back.haul link between two base stations. Thereby, the cost of deployment of the cellular networks is reduced. In this thesis r a new massive MLMO precoding technique is proposed in order to use the same fequency band for the backhaul link and the access links. Moreover, the impact of a desynchronization between the back haul link and the access links is studied and the use of the FBMC/OQAM modulation for the backhaul link is discussed

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Bernabè, Matteo. "Machine learning based traffic analysis and forecast for 5G Systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Mobile traffic forecasting is a relatively new research area, which is becoming of fundamental importance for next-generation networks. Proactively knowing the user demand allows the system to allocate resources and apply energy-saving decisions properly. Classical models are limited by the stationary assumption of time sequences and fail to take correlations into account. This work presents results on cellular network traffic analysis and prediction, providing a novel, robust, and precise machine learning model to efficiently and dynamically manage network resources in 5G systems.

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Singh, Navjot. "Planning of Mobile Edge Computing Resources in 5G Based on Uplink Energy Efficiency." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38444.

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Increasing number of devices demand for low latency and high-speed data transmission require that the computation resources to be closer to users. The emerging Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technology aims to bring the advantages of cloud computing which are computation, storage and networking capabilities in close proximity of user. MEC servers are also integrated with cloud servers which give them flexibility of reaching vast computational power whenever needed. In this thesis, leveraging the idea of Mobile Edge Computing, we propose algorithms for cost-efficient and energy-efficient the placement of Mobile Edge nodes. We focus on uplink energy-efficiency which is essential for certain applications including augmented reality and connected vehicles, as well as extending battery life of user equipment that is favorable for all applications. The experimental results show that our proposed schemes significantly reduce the uplink energy of devices and minimizes the number of edge nodes required in the network.

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Fara, Romain. "Ambient backscatter communications in future mobile networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG057.

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Comment rendre les villes, les usines et les maisons à la fois intelligentes et sensibles aux hommes ? Pour y parvenir il est possible d’équiper les personnes, les villes, les usines et les maisons de dispositifs radio pour communiquer des messages, grâce à l’Internet des objets. Cependant, les émissions radio permanentes s’accompagnent d’une dépense énergétique rédhibitoire.La technologie de communication par rétrodiffusion ambiante (AmBC) permet de communiquer sans émettre d’onde radio supplémentaires, en exploitant les ondes radio ambiantes (Wifi, diffusion TV ou FM, cellulaire, etc.). Les dispositifs AmBC rétrodiffusent le champ électromagnétique ambiant grâce à une antenne connectée à une impédance variable. L’information est alors communiquée à un récepteur en modulant l’impédance du dispositif AmBC. Grâce à leur très faible consommation, ils peuvent être alimentés par un système de récupération d’énergie. Cependant la portée et le débit restent encore très limités.Dans ce travail, nous nous focalisons sur l’étude des améliorations de cette technologie en tirant profit des réseaux mobiles du futur.Premièrement nous montrons que les antennes compactes reconfigurables peuvent avantageusement remplacer les antennes à impédance ajustable dans les dispositifs AmBC.Ces antennes compactes reconfigurables utilisent différents diagrammes de rayonnement et différentes polarisations pour rendre plus robuste la communication.Deuxièmement nous démontrons que les antennes existantes au sein des réseaux 5G peuvent être utilisées dans les systèmes AmBC afin d’améliorer significativement leur débit et leur portée.Dans un scénario 5G, l'antenne « massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output » (mMIMO) de la station de base peut être utilisée comme source d'ondes ambiantes pour créer des zones de forte puissance et des zones de bonne réception grâce à la technique de précodage. Ces zones visent à améliorer les performances de la communication entre le dispositif AmBC et le récepteur. Nous démontrons également que l’antenne mMIMO peut aussi être utilisée comme récepteur pour améliorer la détection des dispositifs AmBC.Enfin nous montrons qu’une technologie émergente pour la 6G, appelée surface intelligente reconfigurable (RIS), qui permet de contrôler partiellement le canal de propagation des ondes, peut assister les systèmes AmBC. Nous montrons qu’il est possible d’exploiter la capacité de formation de faisceau de manière passive de la technologie RIS pour améliorer la performance des systèmes AmBC How can cities, factories and homes be made both intelligent and responsive to people? To achieve this, it is possible to equip people, cities, factories and houses with radio devices to communicate messages, thanks to the Internet of things. However, permanent radio emissions result in a crippling energy expense.Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) technology enables communication without the need for additional radio emission, by exploiting ambient radio waves (Wi-Fi, TV or FM broadcast, cellular, etc.). AmBC devices, named tags, backscatter the ambient electromagnetic field thanks to an antenna connected to a tunable impedance. The information is communicated to a reader by modulating the impedance of the AmBC tag. Therefore, thanks to their very low consumption, they can be powered by energy harvesting. However, the range and the data rate of these devices are still very limited.We focus this work on the study of improvements of this technology by taking advantage of the future mobile networks.Firstly, we show that the compact reconfigurableantennas can advantageously replace antenna with tunable impedance in AmBC tags. Such compact reconfigurable antennas use different radiation patterns and polarizations to make the communication more robust.Secondly, we demonstrate that existing antennas within 5G networks can be used in AmBC systems to significantly improve the data rate and the range of the AmBC tags. In a 5G scenario, the massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mMIMO) antenna of the base station can be used as source of ambient waves to create hot spots and good reception spots thanks to the precoding technique. These spots aim at improving the performance of the communication from the tag to the reader. We demonstrate also that the mMIMO antenna can also be used as reader to enhance the detection of AmBC tags.Finally, we show that an emerging technology for 6G, called reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which allows to partially control the wave propagation channel, can assist AmBC systems. We exploit the passive beamforming capability of the RIS technology to improve the performance of AmBC systems

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Le, Floch Antonin. "Méthodes de localisation en intérieur en 5G." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025TLSEP003.

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S'il est aujourd'hui aisé de se localiser en extérieur grâce au GPS, ce n'est toujours pas le cas pour l'intérieur des bâtiments où ce signal est absent. Il est néanmoins vital de développer un tel service, allant de la navigation dans un aéroport au suivi d'objets de production dans une usine. En particulier, notre travail s'inscrit dans la protection des travailleurs isolés en situation de risque.Afin de fournir un service de localisation, deux visions s'opposent, les solutions fondées sur des technologies dédiées et celles tirant parti des infrastructures existantes. Pour de nombreuses raisons allant de la réduction des coûts à la frugalité numérique en passant par la facilité de déploiement, nous avons choisi d'étudier les solutions s'appuyant sur des réseaux de données existants. Plus spécifiquement, nos travaux se positionnent dans un contexte de réseau 5G privé, ce qui nous permet de dresser un état des lieux des standards.Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une méthode de localisation fondée sur le fingerprinting. Nous avons apporté de nombreuses améliorations à cette méthode. Premièrement, nous introduisons un nouveau paradigme de génération de carte de référence pouvant passer à l'échelle, et des expérimentations en montrent la précision. Nous avons également étendu les spécifications de la 5G afin d'obtenir une architecture modulaire. Des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique ont ensuite été définis, entraînés et optimisés pour parvenir à une localisation aussi précise que possible. Ces améliorations sont évaluées au travers de plusieurs campagnes expérimentales et les résultats obtenus montrent que notre système permet de localiser efficacement des travailleurs en situation à risque.Pour compléter cette méthode et prendre en compte la mobilité des utilisateurs, nous proposons d'utiliser la navigation à l'estime en plus du fingerprinting. Cette méthode est premièrement évaluée sur plusieurs téléphones. Nous présentons ensuite un algorithme de fusion nommé PRILUN, à la fois simple et efficace. Les résultats d'une nouvelle campagne expérimentale montrent qu'il permet de surpasser à la fois le fingerprinting et la navigation à l'estime, tout en offrant de meilleures performances que les algorithmes de la littérature.Enfin, notre dernière proposition redéfinit le fingerprinting pour en faire une méthode de localisation par zone. L'algorithme FIRA fusionne le fingerprinting de zone et la navigation à l'estime, et permet d'obtenir une zone ainsi qu'une probabilité de présence. Plus précis, plus stable et plus fiable que sa version originale, cette méthode complète notre étude en tirant parti de toutes les améliorations précédentes Although the GPS system has succeeded in providing a global positioning service, it is unable to locate people inside buildings where the signal is absent. Nonetheless, indoor localization is a key technology enabling airport navigation, item tracking in factories, or locating tools and personnel. This work specifically focuses on protecting isolated workers in high-risk environment.In providing a localization service, two contrasting approaches exist, those based on dedicated technologies and those that leverage existing infrastructure. For various reasons, ranging from cost reduction to digital sustainability, we have chosen to explore solutions that rely on current data networks. Specifically, our work is conducted within a private 5G network, enabling us to assess the current state of the standards.We first propose a localization method based on fingerprinting, with numerous enhancements introduced. First, we present a new scalable paradigm for generating reference maps, which experimental results indicate to be highly precise. We have also extended 5G specifications to incorporate a modular architecture. Machine learning algorithms were then defined, trained, and optimized to achieve optimal localization accuracy. These improvements were evaluated through several experimental campaigns, with results indicating that our system can effectively locate workers in high-risk situations.To refine this method and address user mobility, we propose using dead reckoning in conjunction with fingerprinting. This method, based on accelerometer and magnetometer measurements, has been evaluated on several smartphones. The proposed fusion algorithm, named PRILUN, is both simple and effective. Results from a new experimental campaign demonstrate that it outperforms both fingerprinting and dead reckoning individually, providing better performance than similar algorithms.Our final proposal redefines fingerprinting as a zone-based localization method. The FIRA algorithm fuses zone fingerprinting with dead reckoning, allowing both zone identification and probability of presence. This method, which is more accurate, stable, and reliable than the original version, finalizes our work by incorporating all previous enhancements

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Eido, Souheir. "Contrôle de la mobilité dans un réseau d'opérateur convergé fixe-mobile." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0025/document.

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Les réseaux fixes et mobiles font face à une croissance dramatique du trafic de données, qui est principalement due à la distribution de contenus vidéo. Les opérateurs Télécoms envisagent donc de décentraliser la distribution de contenus dans les futures architectures convergées fixe-mobile (FMC). Cette décentralisation, conjointement au déploiement d'un cœur de réseau mobile distribué, sera un élément majeur des futurs réseaux 5G. L'approche SIPTO définie par 3GPP permet déjà le délestage sur le réseau fixe du trafic mobile, et pourra donc être utilisée en 5G. SIPTO s'appuie sur la distribution des passerelles de données (PGW) qui permet ainsi de décharger le cœur du réseau mobile actuel. Cependant, dans certains cas de mobilité des usagers, SIPTO ne supporte pas la continuité de session, quand il est nécessaire de changer de PGW, donc de modifier l'adresse IP du terminal. Cette thèse commence par quantifier le gain apporté par le délestage du trafic mobile en termes de capacité requise pour différentes portions du réseau. Un état de l'art des différentes solutions de délestage du trafic de données mobiles est fourni, démontrant qu'aucune des solutions existantes ne supporte la continuité de service pour les sessions de longue durée. C'est pourquoi, cette thèse propose des solutions pour supporter une mobilité transparente ; ces solutions s'appuient à la fois sur SIPTO et sur le protocole MultiPath TCP (MPTCP). Les protocoles du 3GPP sont inchangés car la continuité est maintenue par les extrémités. Enfin, ces solutions sont appliquées aux différentes implémentations d'architectures FMC envisagées à ce jour Fixed and mobile networks are currently experiencing a dramatic growth in terms of data traffic, mainly driven by video content distribution. Telecoms operators are thus considering de-centralizing content distribution architecture for future Fixed and Mobile Converged (FMC) network architectures. This decentralization, together with a distributed mobile EPC, would be used for future 5G networks. Mobile data offloading, in particular SIPTO approaches, already represent a good implementation model for 5G network as it allows the use of distributed IP edges to offload Selected IP traffic off the currently centralized mobile core network. However, in some cases, SIPTO does not support session continuity during users' mobility. This is due to the fact that user's mobility may imply packet gateway (PGW) relocation and thus a modification of the UE's IP address.This PhD thesis first quantifies the gain, in terms of bandwidth demands on various network portions, brought by the generalized use of mobile traffic offloading. A state of art of existing mobile data offloading solutions is presented, showing that none of the existing solutions solve the problem of session continuity for long-lived sessions. This is why, in the context of future FMC mobile network architectures, the PhD thesis proposes solutions to provide seamless mobility for users relying on SIPTO with the help of Multipath TCP (MPTCP). 3GPP standards are not modified, as session continuity is ensured by end-points. Lastly, the proposed solutions are mapped on different architecture options considered for future FMC networks

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Vigneri, Luigi. "Les véhicules comme un mobile cloud : modélisation, optimisation et analyse des performances." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4055/document.

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La prolifération des appareils portables mène à une croissance du trafic mobile qui provoque une surcharge du cœur du réseau cellulaire. Pour faire face à un tel problème, plusieurs travaux conseillent de stocker les contenus (fichiers et vidéos) dans les small cells. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'utiliser les véhicules comme des small cells mobiles et de cacher les contenus à bord, motivés par le fait que la plupart d'entre eux pourra facilement être équipée avec de la connectivité et du stockage. L'adoption d'un tel cloud mobile réduit les coûts d'installation et de maintenance et présente des contraintes énergétiques moins strictes que pour les small cells fixes. Dans notre modèle, un utilisateur demande des morceaux d'un contenu aux véhicules voisins et est redirigé vers le réseau cellulaire après une deadline ou lorsque son playout buffer est vide. L'objectif du travail est de suggérer à un opérateur comment répliquer de manière optimale les contenus afin de minimiser le trafic mobile dans le cœur du réseau. Les principales contributions sont : (i) Modélisation. Nous modélisons le scénario ci-dessus en tenant compte de la taille des contenus, de la mobilité et d'un certain nombre d'autres paramètres. (ii) Optimisation. Nous formulons des problèmes d'optimisation pour calculer les politiques d'allocation sous différents modèles et contraintes. (iii) Analyse des performances. Nous développons un simulateur MATLAB pour valider les résultats théoriques. Nous montrons que les politiques de mise en cache proposées dans cette thèse sont capables de réduire de plus que 50% la charge sur le cœur du réseau cellulaire The large diffusion of handheld devices is leading to an exponential growth of the mobile traffic demand which is already overloading the core network. To deal with such a problem, several works suggest to store content (files or videos) in small cells or user equipments. In this thesis, we push the idea of caching at the edge a step further, and we propose to use public or private transportation as mobile small cells and caches. In fact, vehicles are widespread in modern cities, and the majority of them could be readily equipped with network connectivity and storage. The adoption of such a mobile cloud, which does not suffer from energy constraints (compared to user equipments), reduces installation and maintenance costs (compared to small cells). In our work, a user can opportunistically download chunks of a requested content from nearby vehicles, and be redirected to the cellular network after a deadline (imposed by the operator) or when her playout buffer empties. The main goal of the work is to suggest to an operator how to optimally replicate content to minimize the load on the core network. The main contributions are: (i) Modelling. We model the above scenario considering heterogeneous content size, generic mobility and a number of other system parameters. (ii) Optimization. We formulate some optimization problems to calculate allocation policies under different models and constraints. (iii) Performance analysis. We build a MATLAB simulator to validate the theoretical findings through real trace-based simulations. We show that, even with low technology penetration, the proposed caching policies are able to offload more than 50 percent of the mobile traffic demand

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Furqan, Muhammad. "Predictive analysis for electromagnetic radiations generated by 5G radio frequencies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212980/1/Muhammad_Furqan_Thesis.pdf.

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Radiofrequency electromagnetic spectrum consists of non-ionizing radiations in the frequency range of 3kHz-300GHz. The 5th generation is planned to use much higher frequencies to accommodate the exponential increase in the demand of data traffic. The research thesis performs predictive analyses of radiations that will be emitted by 5G for different frequencies allocated for its utilization and their compliance with existing radiation limitation standards. Numerical results show that the radiations to be generated through 5G new radio to be marginal contributor and acceptable according to the limits set by national and international organizations.

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Thalén, Magnus. "A Study on Random Access Performance in Next Generation Mobile Network Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120551.

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The next generation of mobile telecommunication, 5G, will be specified in the near future. One of the proposed changes relative to the previous generation, 4G,is the inclusion of a new system control plane (SCP). The purpose of the SCP is to improve system scalability, forward compatibility, peak performance and to enable a higher degree of support for advanced antenna techniques. This is done by logically separating data transmitted explicitly from and to the user, the dynamic transmissions, from the broadcasted transmissions that remain constant regardless of user activity, the static transmissions, and by then redesigning the static part to make it more lean. This is expected to have several positive effects such as considerably more free resources, resulting in energy savings and potentially increased usage of MIMO. Knowing what effect the SCP has upon aspects such as random access is of importance when designing the solution that will go into the standard. Simulations show that there is potential in the inclusion of the new SCP. While the simulated 5G candidate systems that include the SCP have an increased delay when running the random access procedure, some aspects of the procedure have been improved. The main differences relative to the simulated 4G system are the performance of the first message in the procedure, which increased, and the performance of the second message in the procedure, which decreased. The deficiencies found in the handling of the second message, however, can be alleviated by using a more proper algorithm and channel design than what was used in this study.

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Yaghoubi, Forough. "Agile, Resilient and Cost-efficient Mobile Backhaul Networks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202940.

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The exponentially increasing traffic demand for mobile services requires innovative solutions in both access and backhaul segments of 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. Although, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a promising solution for the wireless access, the backhaul segment has received considerably less attention and falls short in meeting the stringent requirements of 5G in terms of capacity and availability. HetNets together with mobility requirements motivate the use of microwave backhauling that supports fiber-like capacity with millimeter-wave communications. However, higher carrier frequencies are subject to weather disturbances like rain that may substantially degrade the network throughput. To mitigate this effect, we develop a fast and accurate rain detection algorithm that triggers a network-layer strategy, i.e., rerouting. The results show that with small detection error the network throughput increases while posing small overhead on the network. The rain impact can be alleviated by centralized rerouting under the software defined networking paradigm. However, careless reconfiguration may impose inconsistency that leads to a significant temporary congestion and limits the gain of rerouting. We propose a consistency-aware rerouting framework by considering the cost of reconfiguration. At each time, the centralized controller may either take a rerouting or no-rerouting decision in order to minimize the total data loss. We use a predictive control algorithm to provide such an online sequence of decisions. Compared to the regular rerouting, our proposed approach reduces the throughput loss and substantially decreases the number of reconfigurations. In the thesis we also study which backhaul option is the best from a techno-economic perspective. We develop a comprehensive framework to calculate the total cost of ownership of the backhaul segment and analyze the profitability in terms of cash flow and net present value. The results highlight the importance of selecting proper backhaul solution to increase profitability. QC 20170308

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Elbashir, Khalid. "Trusted Execution Environments for Open vSwitch : A security enabler for the 5G mobile network." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218070.

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The advent of virtualization introduced the need for virtual switches to interconnect virtual machines deployed in a cloud infrastructure. With Software Defined Networking (SDN), a central controller can configure these virtual switches. Virtual switches execute on commodity operating systems. Open vSwitch is an open source project that is widely used in production cloud environments. If an adversary gains access with full privileges to the operating system hosting the virtual switch, then Open vSwitch becomes vulnerable to a variety of different attacks that could compromise the whole network. The purpose of this thesis project is to improve the security of Open vSwitch implementations in order to ensure that only authenticated switches and controllers can communicate with each other, while maintaining code integrity and confidentiality of keys and certificates. The thesis project proposes a design and shows an implementation that leverages Intel® Safe Guard Extensions (SGX) technology. A new library, TLSonSGX, is implemented. This library replaces the use of the OpenSSL library in Open vSwitch. In addition to implementing standard Transport Level Security (TLS) connectivity, TLSonSGX confines TLS communication in the protected memory enclave and hence protects TLS sensitive components necessary to provide confidentiality and integrity, such as private keys and negotiated symmetric keys. Moreover, TLSonSGX introduces new, secure, and automatic means to generate keys and obtain signed certificates from a central Certificate Authority that validates using Linux Integrity Measurements Architecture (IMA) that the Open vSwitch binaries have not been tampered with before issuing a signed certificate. The generated keys and obtained certificates are stored in the memory enclave and hence never exposed as plaintext outside the enclave. This new mechanism is a replacement for the existing manual and unsecure procedures (as described in Open vSwitch project). A security analysis of the system is provided as well as an examination of performance impact of the use of a trusted execution environment. Results show that generating keys and certificates using TLSonSGX takes less than 0.5 seconds while adding 30% latency overhead for the first packet in a flow compared to using OpenSSL when both are executed on Intel® CoreTM i7-6600U processor clocked at 2.6 GHz. These results show that TLSonSGX can enhance Open vSwitch security and reduce its TLS configuration overhead. Framkomsten av virtualisering införde behovet av virtuella växlar för att koppla tillsammans virtuella maskiner placerade i molninfrastruktur. Med mjukvarubaserad nätverksteknik (SDN), kan ett centralt styrenhet konfigurera dessa virtuella växlar. Virtuella växlar kör på standardoperativsystem. Open vSwitch är ett open-source projekt som ofta används i molntjänster. Om en motståndare får tillgång med fullständiga privilegier till operativsystemet där Open vSwitch körs, blir Open vSwitch utsatt för olika attacker som kan kompromettera hela nätverket. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att förbättra säkerheten hos Open vSwitch för att garantera att endast autentiserade växlar och styrenheter kan kommunicera med varandra, samtidigt som att upprätthålla kod integritet och konfidentialitet av nycklar och certifikat. Detta examensarbete föreslår en design och visar en implementation som andvändar Intel®s Safe Guard Extensions (SGX) teknologi. Ett nytt bibliotek, TLSonSGX, är implementerat. Detta bibliotek ersätter biblioteket OpenSSL i Open vSwitch. Utöver att det implementerar ett standard “Transport Layer Security” (TLS) anslutning, TLSonSGX begränsar TLS kommunikation i den skyddade minnes enklaven och skyddar därför TLS känsliga komponenter som är nödvändiga för att ge sekretess och integritet, såsom privata nycklar och förhandlade symmetriska nycklar. Dessutom introducerar TLSonSGX nya, säkra och automatiska medel för att generera nycklar och få signerade certifikat från en central certifikatmyndighet som validerar, med hjälp av Linux Integrity Measurements Architecture (IMA), att Open vSwitch-binärerna inte har manipulerats innan de utfärdade ett signerat certifikat. De genererade nycklarna och erhållna certifikat lagras i minnes enklaven och är därför aldrig utsatta utanför enklaven. Denna nya mekanism ersätter de manuella och osäkra procedurerna som beskrivs i Open vSwitch projektet. En säkerhetsanalys av systemet ges såväl som en granskning av prestandaffekten av användningen av en pålitlig exekveringsmiljö. Resultaten visar att använda TLSonSGX för att generera nycklar och certifikat tar mindre än 0,5 sekunder medan det lägger 30% latens overhead för det första paketet i ett flöde jämfört med att använda OpenSSL när båda exekveras på Intel® Core TM processor i7-6600U klockad vid 2,6 GHz. Dessa resultat visar att TLSonSGX kan förbättra Open vSwitch säkerhet och minska TLS konfigurationskostnaden.

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Abboud, Ahmad. "Interference mitigation in 5G mobile networks : Uplink pilot contamination in TDD massive MIMO scheme." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0040/document.

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Par la révolution du Cloud Computing et des Smartphones, une quantité énorme de données devrait traverser le réseau chaque seconde où la plupart de ces données sont fournies par des mobiles utilisant des services Internet. La croissance rapide de la bande passante et des demandes de QoS rend les réseaux mobiles du 4ème G insuffisants. Le système de prochaine génération doit avoir un taux de sommation de 100Mbps à 1Gbps par terminal utilisateur (UT), avec une densité de connexion supérieure à 1M connexion / Km2, la mobilité des véhicules à grande vitesse jusqu'à 500 km / h et une fin à la fin (E2E) retardent moins de 10 ms. Un candidat prometteur qui peut répondre à ces demandes est le système sans fil à multiples sorties multiples (MIMO) Multi-Cell Multi-Cell. Cependant, la capacité Massive MIMO est délimitée par l'Inter-cell Interference (ICI) en raison de la réutilisation du pilote et, par conséquent, de la contamination du pilote. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la contamination du pilote de liaison montante dans le système de formation à la division temporelle (TDD) des réseaux sans fil MIMO massifs. En supposant un canal de décoloration, l'intervalle de cohérence sera temporairement limité, où l'estimation du canal, la réception des symboles et le précodage des symboles doivent être effectués dans le même intervalle. Cela dit, la longueur du pilote de formation est limitée. De même, le nombre de terminaux de l'utilisateur (UT) par zone d'interférence est également limité. Inspiré par la variation de la taille de l'intervalle de cohérence parmi les UT, cette recherche présente deux nouvelles contributions indépendantes pour faire face à la contamination pilote de liaison montante dans le MIMO massif. La première contribution répertorie la région de couverture de la cellule de base (BS) dans une carte d'information d'état de chaîne (CSI). Cette carte est créée et mise à jour à l'aide d'un algorithme spécial d'apprentissage machine, et elle est exploitée pour prédire UT CSI au lieu d'estimer ses canaux. Compte tenu de cela, la formation des pilotes aériens et de liaison montante est considérablement réduite. La deuxième contribution classe les UT en fonction de la taille de leur intervalle de cohérence de canal. En outre, nous appliquons une technique de changement de pilote pour déplacer des pilotes similaires vers différentes positions temporelles (qui sont considérées comme vides en raison de trames TDD pilotes vides). Les résultats de la simulation montrent une augmentation à l'échelle de la performance du MIMO massif, en particulier dans la performance de l'efficacité énergétique et spectrale, UT par cellule et taux d'addition. En particulier, la troisième contribution évolue le MIMO massif multi-cellulaire à une performance de cellule unique et même surmonté un simple énorme conventionnel dans l'efficacité énergétique et UT par cellule By the revolution of Cloud Computing and Smartphones, an enormous amount of data should traverse the network every second where most of this data are delivered by mobiles using internet services. The fast growth in bandwidth and QoS demands makes the 4th G mobile networks insufficient. The next generation system must afford a sum rate from 100Mbps up to 1Gbps per User Terminal (UT), with a connection density that exceeds 1M connection/Km2, the mobility of high-speed vehicles up to 500 km/hr and an End to End (E2E) delay less than 10ms. A promising candidate that can offer those demands is the Multi-User Multi-Cell Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless system. However, Massive MIMO capacity is upper bounded by the Inter-cell Interference (ICI) due to pilot reuse and thus, pilot contamination. In this thesis, we investigate the uplink pilot contamination in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) training scheme of massive MIMO wireless networks. Assuming block-fading channel, the coherence interval will lag for a limited duration, where channel estimation, symbol reception, and symbol precoding must be done within the same interval. Having said that, the training pilot length is limited. Likewise, the number of User Terminal’s (UT’s) per interference region is also limited. Inspired by the variation of coherence interval size among UT’s, this research introduces two independent novel contributions to deal with uplink pilot contamination in massive MIMO. The first contribution maps the Base Station (BS) cell coverage region into a Channel State Information (CSI) Map. This map is created and updated using a special machine-learning algorithm, and it is exploited to predict UT CSI instead of estimating their channels. In view of this, training overhead and uplink pilots are reduced significantly. The second contribution classifies UT’s based on the size of their channel coherence interval. Furthermore, we apply a pilot shifting technique to shift similar pilots to different time position (that considered empty due to empty pilot TDD frames). Simulation results show a scaled increase in the performance of massive MIMO especially in the performance of energy and spectral efficiency, UT per cell and sum-rate. In particular, the third contribution evolves multi-cell massive MIMO to a single cell performance and even overcome single conventional huge in the energy efficiency and UT per cell

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Oussakel, Imane. "4G/5G cellular networks metrology and management." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30261.

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La prolifération d'applications et de services sophistiqués s'accompagne de diverses exigences de performances, ainsi que d'une croissance exponentielle du trafic pour le lien montant (uplink) et descendant (downlink). Les réseaux cellulaires tels que 4G et 5G évoluent pour prendre en charge cette quantité diversifiée et énorme de données. Le travail de cette thèse vise le renforcement de techniques avancées de gestion et supervision des réseaux cellulaires prenant l'explosion du trafic et sa diversité comme deux des principaux défis dans ces réseaux. La première contribution aborde l'intégration de l'intelligence dans les réseaux cellulaires via l'estimation du débit instantané sur le lien montant pour de petites granularités temporelles. Un banc d'essai 4G temps réel est déployé dans ce but de fournir un benchmark exhaustif des métriques de l'eNB. Des estimations précises sont ainsi obtenues. La deuxième contribution renforce le découpage 5G en temps réel au niveau des ressources radio dans un système multicellulaire. Pour cela, deux modèles d'optimisation ont été proposés. Du fait de leurs temps d'exécution trop long, des heuristiques ont été développées et évaluées en comparaisons des modèles optimaux. Les résultats sont prometteurs, les deux heuristiques renforçant fortement le découpage du RAN en temps réel The proliferation of sophisticated applications and services comes with diverse performance requirements as well as an exponential traffic growth for both upload and download. The cellular networks such as 4G and 5G are advocated to support this diverse and huge amount of data. This thesis work targets the enforcement of advanced cellular network supervision and management techniques taking the traffic explosion and diversity as two main challenges in these networks. The first contribution tackles the intelligence integration in cellular networks through the estimation of users uplink instantaneous throughput at small time granularities. A real time 4G testbed is deployed for such aim with an exhaustive metrics benchmark. Accurate estimations are achieved.The second contribution enforces the real time 5G slicing from radio resources perspective in a multi-cell system. For that, two exact optimization models are proposed. Due to their high convergence time, heuristics are developed and evaluated with the optimal models. Results are promising, as two heuristics are highly enforcing the real time RAN slicing

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PULIGHEDDU, CORRADO. "Machine Learning-Powered Management Architectures for Edge Services in 5G Networks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973797.

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Marzuki, Ade Syaheda Wani. "Mobile small cell networks for next generation wireless communication systems." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2061.

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In recent years, the demand for higher data rates in wireless communication networks is escalating due to widespread penetration of portable smart devices and increasing popularity of multimedia services. As these devices and applications proliferate, data traffic volume is expected to reach 11 exabytes per month in 2017, which is beyond the current fourth generation (4G) cellular system architecture's capacity, particularly when spectrum and energy efficiency, coverage and interference issues are considered. The next generation of wireless communication technology, commonly known as the fifth generation (5G) system, aims to overcome the limitations of the 4G systems. 5G systems will be formally standardised in 2018, but the early indication suggests that heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and small cell networks (SCNs) are going to be big parts of 5G systems, particularly in facilitating massive data traffic and ubiquitous connectivity for users. In HetNets, small cells of different sizes are integrated into an existing macrocell network, which helps to overcome limited spectrum and power efficiency issues. Researchers have been actively looking for solutions to further improve small cell network technology, and numerous solutions are presented in the literature. However, most of these studies focus on fixed small cell networks, which are suitable only for static users, and to support mobile users, mobile small cells are required. Mobile small cells are expected to be a key technological advancement in 5G networks, specifically to serve mobile users in vehicular environments. This thesis focuses on research challenges related to mobile small cell networks, and presents solutions for overcoming poor spectrum and energy efficiency issues. An analytical model for resource management in 5G HetNets to mitigate interference among mobile small cells with deterministic mobility (e.g., public bus/train), is also presented in this thesis. First, the analytical model in this work is modelled as a classical optimisation problem, and considering the time complexity of a classical optimisation solution, a heuristic graph colouring solution is then presented. Next, the model is extended for mobile small cells with random mobility. In addition, an optimisation and meta-heuristic solution is presented to cater for the need of mobile users moving at pedestrian speeds. The ultimate benefits of these proposed solutions include better spectrum and energy efficiency and improved data rates.

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Демчук, Володимир Володимирович, та Volodymyr Demchuk. "Дослідження умов розповсюдження телекомунікаційного зв’язку за технологією 5G". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, факультет прикладних інформаційних технологій та електроінженерії, кафедра радіотехнічних систем, 2021. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/36531.

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У кваліфікаційній роботі проводилось дослідження умов розповсюдження та електромагнітної сумісності мобільного зв`язку 5G. Проаналізовано стандарти бездротової передачі даних (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G). Йдеться про ключові показники про стандарт і технологію 5G, розкрито вимоги різних форматів до трансляції відео, Sky Office - найважливіший продукт 5G, віртуальна та доповнена реальність, а також описані безпілотні літальні апарати, котрі використовують 5G. Визначено удосконалення та перехід від LTE до 5G, аналіз зони покриття мережі 5G. Проаналізовано спектр високосмугового 5G, також інфраструктура та передача даних, проведено супутники для покриття мережі 5G. Визначено позитивний вплив на довкілля та потенційно негативний вплив 5G на навколишнє середовище. Описано забезпечення електробезпеки користувачів ПК. Проведення державного нагляду за охороною праці. Класи виробничих та складських приміщень по вибуховій та пожежній небезпеці. Вогнестійкість будівельних конструкцій і матеріалів. In the qualification work study of the conditions of propagation and electromagnetic compability of 5G mobile communication was carried out. Wireless data transmission standards (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) are analyzed. These include key indicators of the 5G standard and technology, the requirements of various formats for video broadcasting, Sky Office - the most important 5G product, virtual and augmented reality, as well as described unmanned aerial vehicles that use 5G. Improvements and transition from LTE to 5G, analysis of the 5G network coverage area are determined. The spectrum of high-bandwidth 5G, as well as infrastructure and data transmission, satellites for 5G network coverage were analyzed. The positive impact on the environment and potentially negative impact of 5G on the environment have been identified. The electrical safety of PC users is described. Classes of industrial and warehouse premises on explosion and fire danger. Fire resistance of building structures and materials. ВСТУП ....................................................................................................................... 8 РОЗДІЛ 1. АНАЛІТИЧНА ЧАСТИНА ................................................................. 11 1.1. Стандарти бездротової передачі даних (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)........ 11 1.2. Висновок до розділу 1 ........................................................................ 16 РОЗДІЛ 2. ОСНОВНА ЧАСТИНА........................................................................ 17 2.1. Ключові показники про стандарт і технологію 5G ......................... 17 2.1.1. Частота і пропускна здатність ........................................................... 17 2.1.2. Стандарти NB-IoT та eMTC для mMTC..................................... 21 2.1.3. 5G для URLLC й eMBB ....................................................... 21 2.2. Вимоги різних форматів до трансляції відео ................................... 22 2.3. Sky Office -найважливіший продукт 5G........................................... 24 2.4. Віртуальна та доповнена реальність................................................. 26 2.5. Безпілотні літальні апарати (БПЛА), котрі використовують 5G... 29 2.6. Інфраструктура C-V2X....................................................................... 32 2.7. Удосконалення та перехід від LTE до 5G ........................................ 34 2.8. Аналіз зони покриття мережі 5G....................................................... 38 2.9. Висновок до розділу 2 ........................................................................ 44 РОЗДІЛ 3. НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНА ЧАСТИНА.................................................. 45 3.1. Спектр високосмугового 5G.............................................................. 45 3.2. Інфраструктура та передача даних.................................................... 46 3.3. Супутники для покриття мережі 5G ................................................. 47 3.4. Мережа 5G і позитивний вплив на довкілля.................................... 48 3.5. Потенційно негативний вплив 5G на навколишнє середовище..... 51 3.6. Висновок до розділу 3 ........................................................................ 54 РОЗДІЛ 4. ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ ........................................................................................................ ...55 4.1. Забезпечення електробезпеки користувачів ПК.............................. 55 7 4.2. Класи виробничих та складських приміщень по вибуховій та пожежній небезпеці. Вогнестійкість будівельних конструкцій і матеріалів.... 60 4.3. Висновок до розділу 4 ........................................................................ 64 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ........................................................................................ 65 СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ............................................................... 66 ДОДАТКИ................................................................................................................ 73 Додаток А. Теза конференції ....................................................................... 74

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Bagheri, H. (Hamidreza). "Mobile clouds: a flexible resource sharing platform towards energy, spectrum and cost efficient 5G networks." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217413.

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Abstract Recent advances in wireless communications coupled with the widespread of bandwidthhungry and high-power consuming wireless services as well as the rapid penetration of multimedia-enabled smart handheld devices generate a drastic growth in mobile traffic volume. With these trends, the goals of 5G and beyond wireless communications include energy efficiency, low latency, and low service cost from the user’ perspective as well as spectrum efficiency, revenue increasing, and lower capital and operational cost from the network operators’ point of view. This thesis studies the potential of mobile clouds for improving energy, spectral, and cost efficiency towards the primary goals of 5G networks. Mobile clouds define a promising 5G integrated technology which combines the conventional cellular and shortrange networks into a novel and powerful communication architecture. Mobile clouds can be seen as a flexible and efficient platform for cooperative content delivery, cooperation, resource sharing, and social networks. Research work in this thesis is conducted in two main areas, namely fundamental and applied research on mobile clouds. Fundamental research focuses on cloud formation strategies and cloud maintenance mechanisms. In the applied area, the potential of mobile clouds for content distribution is investigated in both licensed and unlicensed bands. For content distribution using unlicensed band, several cooperative strategies are designed and their efficiency is compared to traditional multicast strategy in terms of energy efficiency, content distribution latency, and users’ quality of experience (QoE). In content distribution over licensed band, spectrum sharing and resource allocation algorithms are considered for multi pair and full-duplex device-to-device (D2D) communications, aiming at improving spectral efficiency and network performance as well as quality of service (QoS) provisioning. In addition, a business model is designed to consider how mobile clouds can reduce the cost of users and operators while improving revenue of operators and increasing users’ satisfaction. The results of this thesis show that mobile clouds technology creates a flexible and efficient platform which can efficiently enhance spectral efficiency, significantly improve energy efficiency and network performance while guaranteeing cost efficiency for users and network operators simultaneously Tiivistelmä Langattomassa viestinnässä on viime aikoina saavutettu useita edistysaskeleita samalla kun suurta kaistanleveyttä edellyttävien ja paljon tehoa kuluttavien langattomien palveluiden käyttö on yleistynyt ja multimediatoiminnoilla varustetut älylaitteet ovat vallanneet nopeasti markkinoita. Tämän seurauksena mobiililiikenne on lisääntynyt huomattavasti. Näiden suuntausten valossa langattoman 5G-viestinnän ja sitä seuraavien sukupolvien langattoman viestinnän kehitystavoitteita ovat muun muassa seuraavat: käyttäjän näkökulmasta energiatehokkuus, mahdollisimman lyhyet viiveajat ja palvelun käytöstä aiheutuvien kustannusten edullisuus sekä verkko-operaattorin näkökulmasta spektritehokkuus, tulojen kasvattaminen ja aiempaa matalammat pääoma- ja käyttökustannukset. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan millaisia mahdollisuuksia mobiilipilvet tarjoavat energia-, spektri- ja kustannustehokkuuden parantamiseen ja siten 5G-verkkojen päätavoitteiden saavuttamiseen. Mobiilipilvi on lupaava osa 5G-teknologiaa, jossa perinteiset solukkoverkot ja lyhyen kantaman verkot yhdistyvät aivan uudenlaiseen ja tehokkaaseen tietoliikennearkkitehtuuriin. Mobiilipilvet voidaan nähdä joustavana ja tehokkaana alustana sisällön yhteisjakelulle, yhteistyölle, resurssien jakamiselle ja toiminnalle sosiaalisissa verkoissa. Tätä väitöskirjaa varten on tehty tutkimusta sekä mobiilipilviä koskevan perustutkimuksen että soveltavan tutkimuksen parissa. Perustutkimuksessa keskitytään tarkastelemaan pilvien muodostamisessa käytettäviä strategioita ja pilvien ylläpidossa käytettäviä mekanismeja. Soveltavan tutkimuksen alueella mobiilipilvien tarjoamia sisällön jakelun mahdollisuuksia tarkastellaan sekä luvanvaraisilla että vapaasti käytettävillä kaistoilla. Vapaasti käytettävillä kaistoilla toteutettavaa jakelua varten työssä kehitetään useita yhteistoimintastrategioita, joiden tehokkuutta verrataan perinteiseen monilähetysstrategiaan energiatehokkuuden, sisällön jakelun viiveiden ja käyttäjien kokemuksen laadun (Quality of Experience, QoE) osalta. Luvanvaraisilla kaistoilla toteutettavan sisällön jakelun osalta tarkastellaan moniparisessa ja samanaikaisessa molemminsuuntaisessa laitteiden välisessä viestinnässä (D2D-kommunikaatiossa) käytettäviä spektrin jakamisen ja resurssien allokoimisen algoritmeja, jotta spektritehokkuutta ja verkon suorituskykyä sekä palvelun laatua (Quality of Service, QoS) pystyttäisiin parantamaan. Tämän lisäksi työssä kehitellään liiketoimintamallia, jonka avulla voidaan pohtia, miten mobiilipilvillä voidaan vähentää käyttäjien ja operaattorien kustannuksia ja samalla kasvattaa operaattorien tuloja ja parantaa käyttäjien tyytyväisyyttä. Tämän työn tulokset osoittavat, että mobiilipilviteknologia on joustava ja tehokas alusta, jolla voidaan lisätä olennaisesti spektritehokkuutta, parantaa merkittävästi energiatehokkuutta ja verkon suorituskykyä sekä taata kustannustehokkuus sekä käyttäjien että verkko-operaattorien näkökulmasta

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Shrivastava, Rudraksh. "SDN-based flexible resource management and service-oriented virtualization for 5G mobile networks and beyond." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17941/.

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This thesis examines how Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Virtualization (NV) technologies can make 5G and beyond mobile networks more flexible, scalable and programmable to support the performance demands of the emerging heterogeneous applications. In this direction, concepts like mobile network slicing, multi-tenancy, and multi-connectivity have been investigated and their performance is analyzed. The SDN paradigm is used to enable flexible resource allocation to the end users, improve network resource utilization and avoid or rapidly solve the network congestion problems. The proposed network architectures are 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards compliant and integrate Open Network Foundation (ONF) SDN specifications to ensure seamless interoperability between different standards and backward/forward compatibility. Novel mechanisms and algorithms to efficiently manage the resources of evolving 5G Time-Division Duplex (TDD) networks in a flexible manner are introduced. These mechanisms enable formation of virtual cells on-demand which allows diverse resource utilization from multiple eNBs to the users. Within the scope of this thesis, SDN-based frameworks to enhance the QoE of end user applications considering Time Division-Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) small cells have also been developed and network resource sharing scenarios with Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD)/TDD coexistence has been studied. In addition, this thesis also proposes and investigates a novel service-oriented network slicing concept for evolving 5G TDD networks which involve traffic prediction mechanisms and includes user mobility. An analytical model is also introduced that formulates the network slice resource allocation as a weighted optimization problem. The evaluations of the proposed solutions are performed using 3GPP standard compliant simulation settings. The proposed solutions have been compared with the state-of-the art schemes and the performance gains offered by the proposed solutions have been demonstrated. Performance is evaluated considering metrics such as throughput, delay, network resource utilization etc. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) metric is used for evaluating the Quality of Experience (QoE) for end-user applications. With the help of SDN-based network management algorithms investigated in this work, it is shown how 5G+ networks can be managed efficiently, while at the same time provide enhanced flexibility and programmability to improve the performance of diverse applications and services delivered over the network to the end users.

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Khizar, Sadia. "Metrology for 5G edge networks (MEC). Leveraging mobile devices beyond the edge toward task offloading." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS069.

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L'omniprésence des dispositifs mobiles équipés d'une connectivité Internet et de systèmes de positionnement, nous pousse à les considérer comme une ressource précieuse à exploiter. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons l'utilisation des dispositifs mobiles sous un nouvel angle. Nous considérons l'extension de la capacité du MEC en utilisant les ressources disponibles des dispositifs mobiles au-delà de la bordure du réseau d'infrastructure. L'objectif est de tirer parti de leurs ressources inexploitées pour traiter les tâches de calculs au profit du MEC de manière distribuée. Pour pouvoir s'appuyer sur des nœuds mobiles, il est fondamental que le MEC soit capable de connaître son environnement d'exploitation. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous explorons la disponibilité temporelle des ressources au-delà du bord. Nous avons choisi d'étudier la co-localisation des terminaux et d'analyser leurs persistances dans une cellule. Puis, nous nous intéressons à l'allocation des tâches. Nous mettons l'accent sur l'aspect spatio-temporel en quantifiant les ressources qu'une cellule peut fournir pour effectuer une tâche MEC. Nous estimons le potentiel de tâches de calcul effectuées par les terminaux en fonction du temps de présence cumulé dans une cellule donnée et d'un délai d'achèvement donné. Les résultats permettent de déterminer les possibilités de décharger des tâches de calcul sur des dispositifs mobiles. En outre, ils permettent de connaître les emplacements où il est judicieux de délester les tâches et la durée des tâches pouvant être délestées The pervasiveness of mobile devices equipped with internet connectivity and positioning systems leads us to regard them as a valuable resource to leverage. In this thesis, we tackle the use of mobile devices from a new perspective. We consider the extension of the capacity of the MEC by using the available resources of mobile devices beyond the edge of the infrastructure network. The goal is to leverage their untapped resources to process computation on behalf of the MEC in a distributed way. It is fundamental for the MEC to be aware of its operating environment to rely on mobile nodes. In the first part of the thesis, we have focused on the temporal availability of beyond-the-edge resources. We chose to investigate the co-location of terminals and analyze their persistence in a cell. Then, we turn our attention to task allocation. We shift the focus on the spatio-temporal aspect by quantifying the resources that a cell can provide to perform a MEC task. We estimate the potential amount of computational tasks performed by nodes based on the cumulative presence time in a given cell and a given completion delay. Results provide insight into the possibilities of offloading computing tasks on mobile nodes. Furthermore, it allows knowing the locations where it is advisable to offload tasks and the time duration of tasks offloadable

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Sajedin, M., Issa T. Elfergani, Jonathan Rodriguez, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, M. Fernandez-Barciela, and M. Violas. "Ultra-Compact mm-Wave Monolithic IC Doherty Power Amplifier for Mobile Handsets." MDPI, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18600.

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Yes This work develops a novel dynamic load modulation Power Amplifier (PA) circuity that can provide an optimum compromise between linearity and efficiency while covering multiple cellular frequency bands. Exploiting monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) technology, a fully integrated 1W Doherty PA architecture is proposed based on 0.1 µm AlGaAs/InGaAs Depletion- Mode (D-Mode) technology provided by the WIN Semiconductors foundry. The proposed wideband DPA incorporates the harmonic tuning Class-J mode of operation, which aims to engineer the voltage waveform via second harmonic capacitive load termination. Moreover, the applied post-matching technique not only reduces the impedance transformation ratio of the conventional DPA, but also restores its proper load modulation. The simulation results indicate that the monolithic drive load modulation PA at 4 V operation voltage delivers 44% PAE at the maximum output power of 30 dBm at the 1 dB compression point, and 34% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 6 dB power back-off (PBO). A power gain flatness of around 14 ± 0.5 dB was achieved over the frequency band of 23 GHz to 27 GHz. The compact MMIC load modulation technique developed for the 5G mobile handset occupies the die area of 3.2. This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through COMPETE 2020, POR ALGARVE 2020, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under i-Five Project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030500). This work is also part of the POSITION-II project funded by the ECSEL joint Undertaking under grant number Ecsel-345 7831132-Postitio-II-2017-IA. This work is supported by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020. The authors would like to thank the WIN Semiconductors foundry for providing the MMIC GaAs pHEMT PDKs and technical support. This work is supported by the Project TEC2017-88242-C3-2-R- Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades and EU-FEDER funding.

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Lahad, Bachir. "Joint Uplink/Downlink Radio Resource Allocation in 5G HetNets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG057.

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La croissance rapide du trafic de données sans fil et des services intensifs en bande passante (voix sur IP, streaming vidéo, live streaming, etc.) nécessite de trouver des solutions viables pour améliorer la qualité de service et maximiser les performances du réseau. Pour s'adapter à ces applications intensives en bande passante, les réseaux cellulaires hétérogènes (HetNets) ont été introduits dans le 3GPP comme l'une des principales caractéristiques pour répondre à ces exigences avancées.Maintenant, en raison de la différence de charges de trafic de liaison montante (UL) et de liaison descendante (DL) attendues dans les prochaines générations HetNets, il devient essentiel d'ajuster dynamiquement les ressources UL/DL. Pour soutenir cette nouvelle approche, le duplexage temporel (TDD) dynamique a été proposé. Néanmoins, l'importance d'UL se pose avec l'évolution des réseaux sociaux et des solutions cloud. Par conséquent, il est très intéressant d’introduire de nouvelles techniques qui atténuent les interférences de l’UL, améliorent les débits UL et DL et permettent également une meilleure utilisation des ressources radio en fournissant un équilibrage de charge adéquat entre UL et DL. Une telle caractéristique supplémentaire est le découplage accès UL/DL.Dans notre travail, nous développons d'abord un modèle TDD dans HetNets. Dans ce modèle, nous dérivons des expressions analytiques pour la distribution de l'emplacement du brouilleur considérant tous les scénarios d’interférences possibles qui pourraient se produire dans les réseaux basés sur TDD, tout en tenant compte de l'impact nocif de cette interférence.Basé sur ce dernier résultat, nous dérivons la fonction de distribution et de génération de moment (MGF) de l’interférence intercellulaire montante et descendante considérant un réseau composé d'une macro-cellule et d'une petite cellule. Nous nous appuyons sur les expressions dérivées pour analyser la capacité moyenne de la cellule de référence dans les transmissions en liaison montante et en liaison descendante.Deuxièmement, nous développons un modèle statistique conjoint TDD/découplage pour mettre en évidence les avantages que le mode d'accès de découplage peut apporter à un système basé sur HetNet TDD. L'introduction du mode de découplage nécessite une analyse approfondie de l’étude de comparaison avec le mode d'accès couplé UL/DL conventionnel. Par conséquent, nous dérivons les statistiques du signal d'interférence et du signal d'intérêt des deux modes, puis analysons leur impact sur le performance du système.Ce travail a été étendu pour inclure le déploiement de plusieurs petites cellules, où des aperçus supplémentaires sur les avantages du mode de découplage sont fournies en termes de gains de découplage UL et DL. Suite à la mise en œuvre du modèle développé, il est démontré que le cas de découplage apporte de plus grands avantages dans la liaison montante et maintient la même amélioration dans la liaison descendante pour diverses valeurs de décalage et, ainsi, améliore les performances globales du système lorsqu'il est associé avec une technologie TDD dynamique. Il est en outre démontré que notre réseau modélisé peut être optimisé en adoptant la combinaison optimale à la fois du facteur de décalage des petites cellules et de la distance entre les petites cellules.D'un autre côté, l'évaluation des avantages d'un TDD adaptatif et du découplage dans un système basé sur HetNet en fonction des charges de trafic variant dans le temps, nécessite de trouver un simulateur de niveau système où nous pouvons présenter le motif derrière l' adoption de découplage et de TDD dynamique. À partir des scénarios de simulation mise en œuvre, il est observé que l'algorithme adaptatif proposé apporte des améliorations de performances significatives dans le débit UL et DL par rapport à un certain nombre de schémas conventionnels, principalement dans les systèmes fortement chargés The rapid growth in wireless data traffic and bandwidth intensive services (voice over IP, video streaming, livestreaming, etc.) necessitates finding viable solutions to improve service quality and maximize thenetwork performance. To accommodate these bandwidth intensive applications, heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) were introduced in 3GPP as one of the main features to meet these advanced requirements. Yet, because of the difference in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) traffic loads expected in the next HetNetsgeneration, it becomes essential to dynamically adjust UL/DL resources. To support this newapproach, dynamic time-division duplexing (TDD) has been proposed. Nevertheless, the importance of UL arises along with the evolution of social networking and cloudsolutions. Therefore, it is of great interest to introduce novel techniques that mitigate ULinterferences, improve UL and DL throughputs and allow as well, a better use of radio resources byproviding adequate load balancing among UL and DL. Such an additional feature is the decoupledUL/DL access.In our work, we first develop a TDD model in HetNets. Under this model, we derive analytical expressions for the distribution of the interferer location considering all possible interference scenarios that could occur in TDD-based networks, while taking into account the harmful impact of interference.Based on the latter result, we derive the distribution and moment generating function (MGF) of the uplink and downlinkinter-cell interference considering a network consisting of one macro cell and one small cell. We build on the derivedexpressions to analyze the average capacity of the reference cell in both uplink and downlink transmissions.Second, we develop a joint TDD/decoupling statistical model to highlight the benefits thatthe decoupling access mode can bring to a HetNet TDD based system, in terms of UL and DL spectral efficiencies and throughputs. Introducing the decoupling mode necessitates a thoroughcomparison study with the conventional coupled UL/DL access mode. Therefore, we derive the statistics of the interference signal and the signal of interest of both modes and then analyze their impact on the system performance.This work was extended to include multiple small cells deployment, where more insight into the benefits of decoupling mode is provided in terms of UL and DL decoupling gains. Further to the implementation of the developed model, it is shown that the decoupling case brings greater benefits in the uplink and maintains the same improvement in the downlink for various offset values and thus, improves the overall system performance when being combined with a dynamic TDD technology. It is further shown that our modeled network can be optimized by adopting the optimal combination of both the small cell offset factor and the distance between small cells.On the other hand, evaluating the benefits of an adaptive TDD and decoupling in a HetNet based system according to time-variant traffic loads, necessitates findinga system level simulator where we can present the motivation and accurately assess the role of both decoupling and dynamic TDD techniques in the UL/DL optimization problem. From the applied simulation scenarios, it is observed that the proposed adaptive algorithm (dynamic TDD with decoupling policies) yields significant performance improvements in UL and DL throughput compared to a number of conventional schemes, mainly in dense HetNet deployment and in highly loaded systems

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Taghavian, Masoud. "VNF placement in 5G Networks using AI/ML." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0421.

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La transition inévitable des dispositifs matériels physiques vers des modules logiciels légers et réutilisables dans le cadre de la virtualisation des fonctions de réseau (NFV) offre d’innombrables possibilités tout en présentant plusieurs défis sans précédent. La satisfaction des attentes de la NFV dans les réseaux post-5G dépend fortement du placement efficace des services de réseau.L’allocation dynamique des ressources physiques pour les demandes de services en ligne exigeant des ressources hétérogènes selon des exigences de qualité de service spécifiques représente l’une des étapes les plus importantes de la conception NFV et un problème NP-Hard à résoudre. Cette complexité est rencontrée dans divers cas d’utilisation 5G NFV, qui sont liés au placement, à partir de VNF Forwarding-Graphs et Network Slicing, à la virtualisation du réseau central, CDN, IoT, etc., examinant de nombreux objectifs dans la littérature, allant des optimisations multi-objectifs basées sur les ressources à la consommation d’énergie, le coût des revenus, l’acceptation du service, la résilience, la disponibilité, la sécurité,etc. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au placement des services de réseau virtuel sur le réseau en essayant de maximiser le nombre de services acceptés en tenant compte de leurs exigences de qualité de service. Bien que le problème de placement des VNF soit étudié depuis de nombreuses années, le besoin d’une approche permettant de trouver un juste compromis entre l’optimalité et la scalabilité existe toujours. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs problèmes et défis dans le placement de services en réseau et proposons des solutions AL/ML en conséquence The inevitable transition from physical hardware devices towards lightweight reusable software modules in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) introduces countless opportunities while presenting several unprecedented challenges. Satisfying NFV expectations in post-5G networks heavily depends on the efficient placement of network services. Dynamic allocation of physical resources for online service requests demanding heterogeneous resources under specific QoS requirements represents one of the most important steps in NFV design, and a NP-Hard problem to solve. This complexity is encountered in various 5G NFV use-cases, which are related to the placement, from VNF Forwarding-Graphs and Network Slicing, to the virtualization of the Core Network, CDN, IoT, etc., investigating numerous objectives in the literature, ranging from resources-based multi-objective optimizations to the energy consumption, cost of revenue, service acceptance, resiliency, availability, security, etc. In this thesis, we are interested in placing the virtual network services over the network by trying to maximize the number of accepted services considering their QoS requirements. Although the VNF placement problem has been studied for many years, the need for an approach that could find a fair compromise between optimality and scalability still exists. In this thesis, we study several problems and challenges in network service placement and propose AL/ML solutions accordingly

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Manan, Waqas. "Propagation channel models for 5G mobile networks. Simulation and measurements of 5G propagation channel models for indoor and outdoor environments covering both LOS and NLOS Scenarios." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17219.

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At present, the current 4G systems provide a universal platform for broadband mobile services; however, mobile traffic is still growing at an unprecedented rate and the need for more sophisticated broadband services is pushing the limits on current standards to provide even tighter integration between wireless technologies and higher speeds. This has led to the need for a new generation of mobile communications: the so-called 5G. Although 5G systems are not expected to penetrate the market until 2020, the evolution towards 5G is widely accepted to be the logical convergence of internet services with existing mobile networking standards leading to the commonly used term “mobile internet” over heterogeneous networks, with several Gbits/s data rate and very high connectivity speeds. Therefore, to support highly increasing traffic capacity and high data rates, the next generation mobile network (5G) should extend the range of frequency spectrum for mobile communication that is yet to be identified by the ITU-R. The mm-wave spectrum is the key enabling feature of the next-generation cellular system, for which the propagation channel models need to be predicted to enhance the design guidance and the practicality of the whole design transceiver system. The present work addresses the main concepts of the propagation channel behaviour using ray tracing software package for simulation and then results were tested and compared against practical analysis in a real-time environment. The characteristics of Indoor-Indoor (LOS and NLOS), and indoor-outdoor (NLOS) propagations channels are intensively investigated at four different frequencies; 5.8 GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz and 60GHz for vertical polarized directional, omnidirectional and isotropic antennas patterns. The computed data achieved from the 3-D Shooting and Bouncing Ray (SBR) Wireless Insite based on the effect of frequency dependent electrical properties of building materials. Ray tracing technique has been utilized to predict multipath propagation characteristics in mm-wave bands at different propagation environments. Finally, the received signal power and delay spread were computed for outdoor-outdoor complex propagation channel model at 26 GHz, 28 GHz and 60GHz frequencies and results were compared to the theoretical models.

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Foukas, Xenofon. "Towards a programmable and virtualized mobile radio access network architecture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31406.

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Emerging 5G mobile networks are envisioned to become multi-service environments, enabling the dynamic deployment of services with a diverse set of performance requirements, accommodating the needs of mobile network operators, verticals and over-the-top service providers. The Radio Access Network (RAN) part of mobile networks is expected to play a very significant role towards this evolution. Unfortunately, such a vision cannot be efficiently supported by the conventional RAN architecture, which adopts a fixed and rigid design. For the network to evolve, flexibility in the creation, management and control of the RAN components is of paramount importance. The key elements that can allow us to attain this flexibility are the programmability and the virtualization of the network functions. While in the case of the mobile core, these issues have been extensively studied due to the advent of technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the similarities that the core shares with other wired networks like data centers, research in the domain of the RAN is still in its infancy. The contributions made in this thesis significantly advance the state of the art in the domain of RAN programmability and virtualization in three dimensions. First, we design and implement a software-defined RAN (SD-RAN) platform called FlexRAN, that provides a flexible control plane designed with support for real-time RAN control applications, flexibility to realize various degrees of coordination among RAN infrastructure entities, and programmability to adapt control over time and easier evolution to the future following SDN/NFV principles. Second, we leverage the capabilities of the FlexRAN platform to design and implement Orion, which is a novel RAN slicing system that enables the dynamic on-the-fly virtualization of base stations, the flexible customization of slices to meet their respective service needs and which can be used in an end-to-end network slicing setting. Third, we focus on the use case of multi-tenancy in a neutral-host indoors small-cell environment, where we design Iris, a system that builds on the capabilities of FlexRAN and Orion and introduces a dynamic pricing mechanism for the efficient and flexible allocation of shared spectrum to the tenants. A number of additional use cases that highlight the benefits of the developed systems are also presented. The lessons learned through this research are summarized and a discussion is made on interesting topics for future work in this domain. The prototype systems presented in this thesis have been made publicly available and are being used by various research groups worldwide in the context of 5G research.

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Hameed, Khalid W. H. "Multiuser Multi Input Single Output (MU-MISO) Beamforming for 5G Wireless and Mobile Networks. A Road Map for Fast and Low Complexity User Selection, Beamforming Scheme Through a MU-MISO for 5G Wireless and Mobile Networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18445.

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Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) systems are considered to be the sustainable technologies of the current and future of the upcoming wireless and mobile networks generations. The perspectives of these technologies under several scenarios is the focus of the present thesis. The initial system model covers the MU-MIMO, especially in the massive form that is considered to be the promising ideas and pillars of the 5G network. It is observed that the optimal number of users should be served in the time-frequency resource even though the maximum limitation of the MU-MIMO is governed by the total receiving antennas (K) is less than or equal to the base station antennas (M). The system capacity of the massive MIMO (mMIMO) under perfect channel state information (CSI) of uncorrelated channel is investigated and studied. Two types of precoders were applied, one is directly based on channel inversion, and the other uses the Eigen decomposition that is derived subject to the signal to a leakage maximization problem. The two precoders show a degree of equivalency under certain assumptions for the number of antennas at the user end. The convex optimization of multi-antenna networks to achieve the design model of optimum beamformer (BF) based on the uniform linear array (ULA) is studied. The ULA is selected for its simplicity to analyse many scenarios and its importance to match the future network applied millimetre wave (mmWave) spectrum. The maximum beams generated by the ULA are explored in terms of several physical system parameters. The duality between the MU-MIMO and ULA and how they are related based on beamformer operation are detailed and discussed. Finally, two approaches for overloaded systems are presented when the availability of massive array that is not guaranteed due to physical restrictions since the existence of a large number of devices will result in breaking the dimension rule (i.e., K ≤ M). As a solution, a low complexity users selection algorithm is proposed. The channel considered is uncorrelated with full and perfect knowledge at the BS. In particular, these two channel conditions may not be available in all scenarios. The CSI may be imperfect, and even the instantaneous form does not exist. A hybrid precoder between the mixed CSI (includes imperfect and statistical) and rate splitting approach is proposed to deal with an overloaded system under a low number of BS antennas. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq

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Nguyen, Thanh-Son-Lam. "Wireless Resource Allocation in 5G-NR V2V Communications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG052.

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Cette thèse doctorale explore l'amélioration de l'allocation des ressources sans fil dans les communications Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), selon la norme 3GPP Release 16. Le domaine spécifique de notre recherche est la communication NR-V2X Sidelink, également connue sous le nom de communication New Radio-Vehicles to Vehicles (NR-V2V). Notre objectif est de formuler un nouveau protocole d'optimisation qui garantit non seulement des services de haute qualité (QoS) mais surpasse également les méthodologies existantes dans la communication NR-V2V.Tout d'abord, nous introduisons la Configuration Physique Adaptative (APC), un algorithme basé sur la recherche conçu pour identifier la configuration optimale de la couche physique à l'intérieur d'un ensemble de facteurs environnementaux, spécifiquement adaptée pour un schéma de communication de diffusion. Suite à cela, nous faisons évoluer l'APC vers une variante sensible à la radio (RA-APC), élargissant son champ d'action en incorporant une communication en unicast et en établissant une structure plus flexible pour les ressources PHY. Dans la phase finale, nous affinons encore RA-APC en intégrant un algorithme d'apprentissage automatique, spécifiquement un arbre de décision. Cette intégration met à jour les schémas au sein des facteurs d'entrée, augmentant ainsi à la fois la précision et l'efficacité du processus d'optimisation de l'allocation This doctoral dissertation explores the enhancement of wireless resource allocation in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, as specified by the 3GPP Release 16 standard. The specific area of our research is the NR-V2X Sidelink communication, also known as the New Radio-Vehicles to Vehicles (NR-V2V) communication. Our goal is to formulate a novel optimization protocol that not only guarantees high-quality services (QoS) but also outperforms existing methodologies in NR-V2V communication.Initially, we introduce Adaptive Physical Configuration (APC), a search-based algorithm designed to identify the optimal physical layer configuration within a set of environmental factors, specifically tailored for a broadcast communication scheme. Following this, we evolve APC into a Radio Aware variant (RA-APC), broadening its scope by incorporating unicast communication and establishing a more flexible structure for PHY resources. In the final phase, we further refine RA-APC by integrating a machine learning algorithm, specifically a decision tree. This integration uncovers patterns within the input factors, thereby augmenting both the accuracy and efficiency of the allocation optimization process

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '5G Mobile'

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