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Guerra, Edmundo, Rodrigo Munguia, Yolanda Bolea, and Antoni Grau. "Batch Gating for Data Association in Monocular SLAM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.295.
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This work describes the development and implementation of a single-camera SLAM system, introducing a novel data validation algorithm. A 6-DOF monocular SLAM method developed is based on the Delayed Inverse-Depth (DI-D) Feature Initialization, with the addition of a new data association batch validation technique, the Highest Order Hypothesis Compatibility Test, HOHCT. The DI-D initializes new features in the system defining single hypothesis for the initial depth of features by stochastic triangulation. The HOHCT is based on evaluation of statistically compatible hypotheses, and search algorithm designed to exploit the Delayed Inverse-Depth technique characteristics. Experiments with real data are presented in order to validate the performance of the system.
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Hillel Karniel, Carmit, Chava Rosen, Esther Bachar Lustig, Elias Shezen, and Yair Reisner. "High Levels of Hematopoietic Progenitors in the Fetal Lung Enable Induction of Immune Tolerance and Co-Transplantation of Epithelial Progenitors for Repair of Lung Injury Across MHC Barriers." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1477.1477.
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Abstract Lung diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is a growing understanding that lung stem cells, rather than being distributed throughout the tissue, are concentrated in specialized niches. Thus, in our previous study we demonstrated that in analogy to bone marrow (BM) transplantation, lung progenitors could navigate through the blood to their appropriate niches, provided that the niches were cleared of endogenous cell populations (Nature Medicine 2015). Lung injury was induced by Naphthalene, and lung progenitors of all lineages were further depleted by 6GY total body irradiation (TBI) 48 hrs after Naphthalene exposure; at this time, endogenous lung progenitors proliferated extensively. In the present study, we further established the feasibility of our approach in an allogeneic setting. To that end, we induced central immune tolerance towards donor cells, with no need for chronic immune suppression, by virtue of hematopoietic stem cells also present at high levels in fetallung alongside epithelial progenitors. The possibility that the E16 lung might contain high levels of hematopoietic progenitors was first suggested by examination of the peripheral blood of C57BL/6 mice transplanted with GFP+ E16 lung cells, or of RAG-SCID mice (H2Kb) receiving C3H (H2Kk) E16 lung cells. Robust chimerism was also documented in the BM and spleen of all transplanted mice. Based on this initial observation, we attempted to define by FACS the level of putative hematopoietic progenitors in E16 lungs. We thus evaluated two commonly used phenotypes, namely, LSK (lineage-, SCA-1+, C-KIT+) and SLAM (lineage-, CD48-, CD150+). Indeed, we found a similar level of LSK and SLAM cells in the fetal liver and lung, representing about 20-40% of the levels found in the adult BM. A competitive chimerism assay in which normal adult BM cells from a CD45.1+ C57BL/6 donor compete with E16 lung cells from a GFP+CD45.2+ C57BL/6 donor, revealed marked capacity of the E16 lung cells to induce robust chimersim following infusion of a 1:1 mixture of these cells into lethally irradiated CD45.1+ C57BL/6 recipients. Thus, at 9 months post-transplant, 4/4 mice exhibited blood cells derived from the lung donor. In 2 out of 4 mice, levels ofchimerism were above 30%, strongly indicating the robust capacity of the lung hematopoietic progenitors for self-renewal. Based on our ability to induce durable hematopoietic chimeras in syngeneic recipients following transplantation of E16 lung cells, we next developed a sub-lethal transplantation protocol enablingchimerism induction of both non-hematopoeitic cells in the lung, and hematopoietic cells in the blood, liver, spleen and thymus ofmis-matched recipients. The protocol used was based on recent work in haploidenticalhematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and comprised transient T cell debulkingof host CD4 and CD8 T cells, megadoseT cell depleted HSCT, and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (CY). This conditioning was coupled with NA, and 6GY TBI to vacate lung progenitor niches (Fig.1). T cells, already present at E16 lungs, were removed from the donor lung preparation by magnetic beads. Similar to our results in haploidenticalBMT we found that chimerisminduction required the use of a 'megadose' of stem cells (5x106 compared to 1x106 in the syngeneic model). When tested at 2 months post-transplant, 4 out of 5 mice exhibited substantial hematopoieticchimerism in the BM, liver, thymus, spleen and blood with multi lineage expression, including B cells (B220), T cells (CD4/CD8) and myeloid cells (CD11b) (Fig. 2). Furthermore, 3 months post-transplant, donor-derived lung "patches" were present, exhibiting marked lungchimerism within both functional epithelial lineages (AEC1/2, marked by AQP5/SPC markers) and mesenchymal/endothelial lineages (marked byNestin/CD31 markers) (Fig. 3 a-d), confirming that the hematopoieticchimerisminduced tolerance towards donor non-hematopoietic lung cell lineages. The high level of hematopoietic progenitors with capacity for self-renewal in thefetallung, alongside non-hematopoietic progenitors, offers a novel approach for allogeneic stem cell transplantation without any need for chronic immune suppression. Further fine tuning is needed to replace NA with clinically approved agents and to define the minimal TBI dose required for effective conditioning. *C.H.K and C.R. contributed equally Disclosures Hillel Karniel: Yeda LTD: Patents & Royalties. Rosen:Yeda LTD: Patents & Royalties. Bachar Lustig:Yeda LTD: Patents & Royalties. Shezen:Yeda LTD: Patents & Royalties. Reisner:Cell Source LTD: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
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., K. Vaitheswari, and S. Sathyapriya . "Experimental Study on Effect of Varying L/D Ratios of Steel Slag Columns on Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.1.864.
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Rapid urbanisation and growth of infrastructure in the present days resulted in dramatic increase in demand for land space. Presence of soft clay deposits in construction sites poses major problems to the structure resting on it during or after construction. A different approach for stabilization has been obtained by incorporation of steel slag columns, which is a by-product of steel manufacturing industry. Straight shafted granulated steel slag column group was adopted for which the ultimate load carrying capacity was derived from the lateral resistance offered by the surrounding soil. Floating type steel slag columns resting on soft clay layer was arranged in equilateral triangular pattern. This pattern of arrangement was preferred as it was known to provide a more uniform consolidation between columns as per IS 15284 (part 1).Well graded granulated steel slag of size range 2mm-10mm with specific gravity 3.57 and moisture content 2.76% was used. It also had an abrasion value, impact value and crushing strength of 5.47%, 27.75 % and 39.38% respectively. A comparison was made between unreinforced and reinforced soil and variations in bearing capacity and settlement was determined for different L/D ratios. L/D ratios of 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 for steel slag columns has been adopted .Settlement reduction factors for reinforced clay bed was found to be 1.75, 1.85, 2.53, 4.1, 6.1 times of unreinforced clay soil for the L/D ratios of 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 respectively. The bearing capacity factor Nc was obtained as 5.51, 9.09, 12.670, 15.71, 20.26, 24.83 for different L/D ratios of 3, 5, 6, 8, 10.
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Kong, Xiang Wen, Li Li Ren, Xia Ai, and Jing Zhang. "Preparation of a New Unburned Brick from Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag and PVA Modified by Epikote." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.328.
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A new unburned brick was prepared from the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag as an aggregate and PVA modified by epikote as cementitious materials. The effects of modified PVA and auxiliaries on compressive strength of unburned brick were studied by the orthogonal test method. The results show that samples have better properties and low cost when the samples have a composition of slag dosage 72 %, modified PVA dosage 6%, auxiliary 1 dosage 6%, auxiliary 2 dosage 10%, water 6% and the process conditions of preparing the brick sample were mixing time 1 h, forming time 10 min, forming pressure 40 MPa, and curing time 7 d. The study reveals that the samples properties can meet the standard requirements of excellent grade products (MU20) in GB11945-1999.
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Chertova, M., T. Geenen, A. van den Berg, and W. Spakman. "Using open sidewalls for modelling self-consistent lithosphere subduction dynamics." Solid Earth Discussions 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2012): 707–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-4-707-2012.
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Abstract. Subduction modelling in regional model domains, in 2-D or 3-D, is commonly done using closed, vertical boundaries. In this paper we investigate the merits of using open boundaries for 2-D modelling of lithosphere subduction but with implication for 3-D modelling. Open sidewalls allow for lateral in- and outflow consistent with the internal dynamics of the model and may simulate the real-mantle environment of subduction much better than closed boundaries, which induce return flows. Our experiments are focused on using open and closed (free-slip) sidewalls while comparing results for two model aspect ratios of 3:1 and 6:1. Slab buoyancy driven subduction with open boundaries immediately develops into strong rollback with high trench retreat velocities. Mantle asthenosphere flow forced by rollback is predominantly laminar and facilitated by the open boundaries. In contrast, free-slip sidewalls proof restrictive on subduction rollback evolution unless the lithosphere plates are allowed to move away from the sidewalls. This, however, initiates return flows pushing both plates toward the subduction zone speeding up subduction. Increasing the aspect ratio to 6:1 does not change the overall flow pattern when using open sidewalls. Again, in contrast, for free-slip boundaries, the slab evolution does change with respect to the 3:1 aspect ratio and does not resemble the 6:1 evolution obtained with open boundaries. We notice a general drop in the amplitude of mantle flow when changing to the 6:1 aspect ratio, which is caused by the increasing shear friction between mantle and lithosphere while the driving slab buoyancy is the same. Based on energy-dissipation arguments we applied a flow speed scaling to convert between flow fields of different model aspect ratios. This proved succesful for the open boundary model. We have also investigated the effect of far-field stress conditions in our open boundary models. Applying realistic normal stress conditions to the strong part of the overriding plate we show that "intra-plate" stresses control subduction dynamics resulting in slab roll-back, stationary or advancing subduction. We conclude that open boundaries are to be preferred for modelling subduction evolution (rollback, stationary or advancing). The relative independence of model aspect ratio avoids the need to place sidewalls at large distance and allows to focus all computational resources on a smaller modelling domain. Open boundaries simulate the natural subduction environment better and avoid the adverse effects (e.g. forced return flows) of free-slip boundaries.
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Chertova, M. V., T. Geenen, A. van den Berg, and W. Spakman. "Using open sidewalls for modelling self-consistent lithosphere subduction dynamics." Solid Earth 3, no. 2 (October 9, 2012): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-3-313-2012.
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Abstract. Subduction modelling in regional model domains, in 2-D or 3-D, is commonly performed using closed (impermeable) vertical boundaries. Here we investigate the merits of using open boundaries for 2-D modelling of lithosphere subduction. Our experiments are focused on using open and closed (free slip) sidewalls while comparing results for two model aspect ratios of 3:1 and 6:1. Slab buoyancy driven subduction with open boundaries and free plates immediately develops into strong rollback with high trench retreat velocities and predominantly laminar asthenospheric flow. In contrast, free-slip sidewalls prove highly restrictive on subduction rollback evolution, unless the lithosphere plates are allowed to move away from the sidewalls. This initiates return flows pushing both plates toward the subduction zone speeding up subduction. Increasing the aspect ratio to 6:1 does not change the overall flow pattern when using open sidewalls but only the flow magnitude. In contrast, for free-slip boundaries, the slab evolution does change with respect to the 3:1 aspect ratio model and slab evolution does not resemble the evolution obtained with open boundaries using 6:1 aspect ratio. For models with open side boundaries, we could develop a flow-speed scaling based on energy dissipation arguments to convert between flow fields of different model aspect ratios. We have also investigated incorporating the effect of far-field generated lithosphere stress in our open boundary models. By applying realistic normal stress conditions to the strong part of the overriding plate at the sidewalls, we can transfer intraplate stress to influence subduction dynamics varying from slab roll-back, stationary subduction, to advancing subduction. The relative independence of the flow field on model aspect ratio allows for a smaller modelling domain. Open boundaries allow for subduction to evolve freely and avoid the adverse effects (e.g. forced return flows) of free-slip boundaries. We conclude that open boundaries in combination with intraplate stress conditions are to be preferred for modelling subduction evolution (rollback, stationary or advancing) using regional model domains.
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Hochstrasser, D., V. Augsburger, T. Pun, D. Weber, C. Pellegrini, and A. F. Muller. ""High-resolution" mini-two-dimensional gel electrophoresis automatically run and stained in less than 6 h with small, ready-to-use slab gels." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.1.166.
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Abstract Although two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques for analyzing protein mixtures, its application in routine clinical laboratories is currently limited, because it is time-consuming, complex, and relatively expensive. Here we describe a method for automatically running and staining "high-resolution" mini 2-D electrophoresis gels in less than 6 h, by using "ready-to-use" slab gels and a PhastSystem electrophoresis apparatus. We present 2-D gel electrophoretograms of 25 nL of plasma, as well as their automatic computer analysis. For comparison, a conventional 2-D gel electrophoresis profile of 200 nL of a plasma sample is shown. The technique is easy to perform, highly sensitive, rapid, and potentially useful in semi-routine clinical chemistry laboratories.
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Djobo, Jean Noël Yankwa, and Dietmar Stephan. "Control of the setting reaction and strength development of slag-blended volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer with the addition of boric acid." Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 57, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 1145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41779-021-00610-4.
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AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the role of the addition of blast furnace slag for the formation of reaction products and the strength development of volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer. Volcanic ash was replaced by 4 and 6 wt% of ground granulated blast furnace slag to accelerate the reaction kinetics. Then, the influence of boric acid for controlling the setting and kinetics reactions was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the competition between the dissolution of boric acid and volcanic ash-slag particles is the main process controlling the setting and kinetics reaction. The addition of slag has significantly accelerated the initial and final setting times, whereas the addition of boric acid was beneficial for delaying the setting times. Consequently, it also enhanced the flowability of the paste. The compressive strength increased significantly with the addition of slag, and the optimum replaced rate was 4 wt% which resulted in 28 d strength of 27 MPa. Beyond that percentage, the strength was reduced because of the flash setting of the binder which does not allow a subsequent dissolution of the particles and their precipitation. The binders formed with the addition of slag and/or boric acid are beneficial for the improvement of the water stability of the volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer.
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Bydałek, A. W., P. Migas, W. Wołczyński, S. Biernat, A. Bydałek, K. Jasińska, and P. Kwapisiński. "Determining the Degree of Removal of Copper From Slag." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0081.
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Abstract The scope of work included the launch of the process of refining slag suspension in a gas oven using a variety of technological additives. After the refining process (in the context of copper recovery), an assessment of the effect of selected reagents at the level of the slag refining suspension (in terms of copper recovery). Method sieve separated from the slag waste fraction of metallic, iron - silicate and powdery waste. Comparison of these photographs macroscopic allowed us to evaluate the most advantageous method of separating metallic fraction from the slag. After applying the sample A (with KF2 + NaCl) we note that in some parts of the slag are still large amounts of metallic fraction. The fraction of slag in a large majority of the elements has the same size of 1 mm, and a larger portion of the slag, the size of which is from 2 to 6 mm. Definitely the best way is to remove the copper by means of the component B (with NaCl) and D (with KF2). However, as a result of removing the copper by means of component C (with CaO) were also obtained a relatively large number of tiny droplets of copper, which was problematic during segregation. In both cases we were able to separate the two fractions in a fast and simple manner.
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Liu, Yang, Jing Li, Jinpeng Ge, and Dingli Zheng. "Effect of Acid Slag Treatment on the Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (February 25, 2019): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0024.
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AbstractBy laboratory slag/steel reaction equilibrim experiments, the viriation of oxygen content, inclusion compositions and inclusion sizes were studied. The effect of acid slag treatment on the transition mechanisms of D-type inclusions and the precipitation of TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel were explored. The obtained results showed that the dominant inclusions in steel were plastic and smaller Al2O3-SiO2-MnO. The melting point were lower than 1400°C treated by the acid refining slag of 35.1%CaO-15%Al2O3-43.9%SiO2-6%MgO and there was no TiN found. The evolution of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions is: MgO·Al2O3→ MgO·Al2O3·SiO2·MnO→ Al2O3·SiO2·MnO. Mg and Al from MgO·Al2O3 inclusions were displaced by [Si] and [Mn] in steel liquid , and formation of plastic Al2O3-SiO2-MnO inclusions finally, whose compositions distribution were uniform. Mg and Si, Mn were complementary in inclusions as to the spatial distribution.
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Li, Shan Ping, Yan Yan Jiang, Xue Yuan Zeng, and Xiang Ru Ma. "Performance of Granular Media from Blast Furnace Slag on Beer Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.174.
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In order to improve utilization ratio of blast furnace slag (BFS), the study used BFS, cement and building glue to make blast-furnace-slag granular media (BGM) in a non-sintered process. The characterization of BGM was analyzed by physical method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and D/max-rA X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and air-liquid ratio (A/L) on the removal of average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were also investigated. The results indicated that the BGM presented high total porosity, large total surface area and low bulk and apparent density. The BGM reactor showed the good removal efficiency on COD and NH4+-N with HRT of 6 h and A/L of 5:1, which were above 86% and 90%, respectively. Overall, BGM showed good performance as wastewater treatment filter media in biological aerated filters (BAF), whose application is a promising way to use waste blast furnace slag.
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Al-Amura, M. F. "Polymorphism larval stages of Oestrus ovis isolated from frontal sinuses and horn cavities of sheep’s head Slay in Basrah abattoir." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2010): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol9iss3art129.
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The study include isolated larvae of Oestrus ovis of diptera from frontal sinuses and horncavities of sloughted sheep heads. It could be differentiation from another species of Dipterawhich cause myiasis by some characters. Three stages of the larvae were isolated. In generallythe larva stages contain eleven segment, cephalopharngeal skeleton connect with two hooks. Thecharacteristic of L1 stage were white in color, measured L1(3-4mm) in length ,have not spinesand structure of posterior spiracular have D shape & yellow in color whereas internally smallstructure like D shape was present with brown color and the pits or pores occur in whole structure. The L2 stages are slightly grey in color ,measurement was (6-12mm ). In contrast the L3( 20-19mm), with grey to brown in color and have plate dark brown to black color on dorsal surface.posterior spiracular of L2 & L3 stages have D shape and brown in colors with many spreadpores, the ventral surface tegument contain three arrows of spines. Third instar larvae aredeveloped and become pupate during 6- 12 hours out of animal body
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Zhang, Tingting, Haoliang Jin, Lijie Guo, Wenchen Li, Junan Han, Andrew Pan, and Dan Zhang. "Mechanism of Alkali-Activated Copper-Nickel Slag Material." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7615848.
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A copper-nickel slag-based alkali-activated cementing material (CNSCM) for backfilling was prepared using copper-nickel slag as a raw material and sodium silicate (SS) as an activating agent. The effects of SS content (6%, 8%, and 10%) and curing humidity on the compressive strength of CNSCM were investigated using an electronic universal testing machine. Types of hydration products and microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that by increasing the SS content, the compressive strength of the CNSCM exhibited an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend. The optimal content was 8%. Humidity was identified as another factor affecting compressive strength, which reached 17 MPa after curing for 28 d under standard conditions. A decrease in humidity could improve the compressive strength of the material. The main hydration reaction products of the CNSCM were C-S-H gel, Fe (OH)2 or Fe (OH)3 gel, and CaCO3.
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Zhang, Yating, and Jeffery Roesler. "Improved Backcalculation Procedure for Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (April 6, 2018): 336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758010.
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Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing is effective in evaluating the structural response of in-situ concrete pavements through the backcalculated pavement layer parameters. Specifically, the FWD data can be used to backcalculate the foundation layer and concrete stiffness or the soil layer stiffness, effective slab thickness, and slab–base interface condition. Since continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) has closely spaced transverse cracks, the traditional backcalculation assumption of an infinite slab can lead to significant errors in the backcalculated results. In this paper, solutions for backcalculated modulus of subgrade reaction ( k-value), elastic modulus of concrete ( E), and effective thickness ( heff) for different crack spacing have been derived from 2-D finite element analysis. AASHTO sensor configuration (0, 12, 24, 36 in.) was recommended for CRCP with crack spacing ≥6 ft, and an alternative solution for crack spacing of 4 and 5 ft was proposed with AREA24. Crack load transfer efficiency (LTE) across transverse cracks had limited impact on backcalculated results if the LTE was >80%. As expected, the backcalulation values were sensitive to the load plate’s longitudinal position relative to the transverse crack especially for crack spacings smaller than 8 ft. The proposed backcalculation method was applied to a field CRCP test section with different crack spacing, reinforcement ratio, and base types.
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Jiao, Zhenzhen, Ying Wang, Wenzhong Zheng, and Wenxuan Huang. "Effect of Dosage of Alkaline Activator on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Pastes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8407380.
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This study focused on the engineering properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) pastes prepared by mixing an activator consisting of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. The water-to-slag ratio of AAS paste was kept constant at 0.35 by mass. AAS pastes were prepared using the activator with five different silicate moduli of 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 and three different Na2O contents of 6%, 8%, and 10%. The results showed that both the silicate moduli and Na2O contents had significant effects on the engineering properties of AAS pastes. All the AAS pastes exhibited properties such as fast setting, good workability, and high early compressive strength. The final setting time varied from 9 to 36 min, and the fluidity was in the range of 147–226 mm. The 1 d compressive strength of all the AAS pastes, which could be easily achieved, had values above 55 MPa, whereas the highest strength obtained was 102 MPa with the silicate modulus of 1 and Na2O content of 8% at room temperature. The drying shrinkage increased as the silicate modulus increased. Furthermore, the hydration products and microstructures of AAS pastes were explained according to the microanalysis methods.
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Qiu, Xiao L., Laura V. Brown, Sandhya Parameswaran, Geoffrey S. Ibbott, and Stephen J. Lai-Fook. "Effect of concentration on albumin diffusion in lung interstitium." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.575.
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The transport of macromolecules through the lung interstitium depends on both bulk transport of fluid and diffusion. In the present study, we studied the diffusion of albumin. Isolated rabbit lungs were inflated with silicon rubber via airways and blood vessels, and two chambers were bonded to the sides of a 0.5-cm-thick slab that enclosed a vessel with an intersititial cuff. One chamber was filled with either albumin solution (2 or 5 g/dl) containing tracer125I-albumin or with tracer125I-albumin alone; the other was filled with Ringer solution. Unbound125I was removed from the tracer by dialysis before use. The chamber with Ringer solution was placed in the well of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Diffusion of tracer through the interstitium was measured continuously for 60 h. Tracer mass ( M) showed a time ( t) delay followed by an increase to a steady-state flow (d M/d tconstant). Albumin diffusion coefficient ( D) was given by L 2/(6 T), where T was the time intercept of the steady-state M- tline at zero M, and L was interstitial length. Interstitial cuff thickness-to-vessel radius ratio ( Th 0/ R) was estimated by using Fick’s law for steady-state diffusion. Both D and Th 0/ Rwere independent of albumin concentration. D averaged 6.6 × 10−7cm2/s, similar to the free D for albumin. Values of Th 0/ Raveraged 0.047 ± 0.024 (SD), near the values measured histologically. Thus pulmonary interstitial constituents offered no restriction to the diffusion of albumin.
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Touzeau, Cyrille, Philippe Moreau, Aurore Perrot, Cyrille Hulin, Mamoun Dib, Mourad Tiab, Denis Caillot, et al. "Daratumumab + bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-VTd) in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TE NDMM): Baseline SLiM-CRAB based subgroup analysis of CASSIOPEIA." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 8538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.8538.
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8538 Background: In the phase 3 CASSIOPEIA study, D-VTd significantly improved outcomes vs VTd in TE NDMM pts at an 18.8-mo median follow-up. To allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of MM, the IMWG added 3 validated biomarkers (≥60% clonal bone marrow plasma cells, serum free light chain ratio ≥100, and > 1 focal bone lesion by MRI; “slim”) to the conventional “CRAB” diagnostic criteria. We present a subgroup analysis of CASSIOPEIA based on baseline slimCRAB criteria. Methods: TE NDMM pts were randomized 1:1 to 4 pre-ASCT induction and 2 post-ASCT consolidation cycles of D-VTd or VTd. The “slim-only” subgroup excludes pts with ≥1 conventional CRAB criterion based on data collected at baseline; the remaining pts were included in the “CRAB” subgroup. Results: Of 1085 randomized pts (543 D-VTd; 542 VTd), 81 were included in the slim-only subgroup (36 D-VTd; 45 VTd) and 1004 were included in the CRAB subgroup. In slim-only vs CRAB pts, 22% vs 54% had an ECOG score of ≥1, 4% vs 16% had ISS Stage III disease, and 11% vs 16% had high-risk cytogenetics. For D-VTd vs VTd pts in the slim-only group, these rates were 22% vs 22%, 8% vs 0%, and 6% vs 16%, respectively. Overall response rates (ORR) and rates of sCR, ≥CR, and MRD negativity were similar between slim-only and CRAB pts; for slim-only pts, rates were significantly higher for D-VTd vs VTd (Table). After an 18.8-mo median follow-up, progression-free survival (PFS) was not significantly different in slim-only vs CRAB pts, or in D-VTd vs VTd slim-only pts (Table). For D-VTd vs VTd CRAB pts, 18-mo PFS rates were 92% vs 84%, and 24-mo PFS rates were 89% vs 76%. Conclusions: Baseline characteristics indicate that slim-only pts were slightly fitter and of lower risk status vs CRAB pts; however, response rates, MRD-negativity rates, and PFS did not differ significantly between these groups. Among slim-only pts, significantly higher response and MRD-negativity rates were achieved with D-VTd vs VTd. Among CRAB pts, PFS rates were higher with D-VTd vs VTd. Clinical trial information: NCT02541383 . [Table: see text]
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Lin, Wei-Ting, Kae-Long Lin, Kinga Korniejenko, Lukáš Fiala, An Cheng, and Jie Chen. "Composite Properties of Non-Cement Blended Fiber Composites without Alkali Activator." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061443.
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The vigorous promotion of reuse and recycling activities in Taiwan has solved a number of problems associated with the treatment of industrial waste. Considerable advances have been made in the conversion of waste materials into usable resources, thereby reducing the space required for waste storage and helping to conserve natural resources. This study examined the use of non-alkali activators to create bonded materials. Our aims were to evaluate the feasibility of using ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (S) and circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash (F) as non-cement binding materials and determine the optimal mix proportions (including embedded fibers) with the aim of achieving high dimensional stability and good mechanical properties. Under a fixed water/binder ratio of 0.55, we combined S and F to replace 100% of the cement at S:F ratios of 4:6, 5:5, 6:4. Polypropylene fibers (L/d = 375) were also included in the mix at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of the volume of all bonded materials. Samples were characterized in terms of flowability, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, shrinkage, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Specimens made with an S:F ratio of 6:4 achieved compressive strength of roughly 30 MPa (at 28 days), which is the 80% the strength of conventional cement-based materials (control specimens). The inclusion of 0.2% fibers in the mix further increased compressive strength to 35 MPa and enhanced composite properties.
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Šakmanas, Aloyzas. "INVESTIGATIONS INTO PROPERTIES OF MINERAL WOOL SLABS OF INCREASED STIFFNESS MANUFACTURED OF A LARGE—SIZE BEAM/PADIDINTO STANDUMO MINERALINĖS VATOS PLOKŠČIŲ, PAGAMINTŲ IŠ SUFORMUOTO STAMBIŲ GABARITŲ MASYVO, SAVYBĖS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 11 (September 30, 1997): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1997.10531354.
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The article presents the results of experimental investigations into non-uniformity of bulk density distribution, compressive strength, heat conductivity, and completion of binders polycondensation in slabs manufactured from a large-size mineral wool beam (its width B = 1000 mm and thickness H = 500 mm). The non-uniformity of bulk density was investigated as in a beam (for this purpose from different places of a beam there were cut samples with a thickness d = 120 mm), as in slabs (their length L = 1000 mm and width H = 500 mm). For such a purpose samples or slabs were cut after scheme (Fig 1) determining bulk density of each paralellepiped gi-j . The non-uniformity of bulk density was evaluated by values K H and K V , representing a relative departure from beam or slab bulk density gm. These values were calculated after formulae (1) and (2) where gi is the i-th vertical layer bulk thickness; gj is the j-th horizontal layer bulk thickness, n is number of vertical layers, m is number of horizontal layers. Variation of values K H and K V shows that relative departure from slab or beam bulk density does not exceed ± 20% (Fig 2). Comparing our experimental data with standard GOST 9573–82 requirements, one can see that compressive strength values of slabs s can exceed the standard one up to two times without increasing their bulk density (Fig 3). Better results are obtained when the content of binders is greater (within standard requirements). Also, it is possible to see that heat conductivity l because of structural changes of fibres distribution in a slab slightly increases (not more than 5%), when we are comparing this heat conductivity value with a maximally admitted standard one (Fig 4). Employment of this method allows the production of slabs, the optimal thickness of which has the ability to change from 6 to 500 mm. The binders polycondensation in such slabs is fully completed. Such slabs are suitable for insulating flat roofs, but their stiffness must be fastened by glueing them with stiff material.
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Murtadho, Ali, and Welly Pakan. "Kajian Perbaikan Apron Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani Semarang." WARTA ARDHIA 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v40i2.223.71-84.
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Increasing the number of air traffic flow at airports must be accompanied by an increase in the capability and capacity of the air side facilities and land side of airport. Collapse accident of apron number 6 on January 8, 2014 at Ahmad Yani airport indicate a need for maintenance, repair and improvement of the facilities and continous oversight. So that, it need to increase capability of runway and apron to support increasing number of aircraft. The purpose of this research was to determine the strength of the airport apron Ahmad Yani Semarang before and after reconstruction by the airport management. PCN value obtained from the calculation before breakage is need to be increased from 27 F/D/X/T to 34 F / C / X / T or need to overlay for 8 cm thick. Adding a concrete slab and the addition of asphalt over concrete with a total thickness of 40 cm is already eligible.
Peningkatan jumlah arus lalu lintas penerbangan di bandar udara harus diiringi dengan peningkatan kemampuan dan kapasitas fasilitas Sisi udara dan Sisi darat. Kejadian amblesnya apron nomor 6 pada tanggal 8 Januari 2014 di bandar udara Ahmad Yani menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan perawatan, perbaikan dan peningkatan pengawasan serta kemampuan fasilitas Sisi udara secara terus menerus dan berkesinambungan seiring dengan peningkatan arus lalu lintas yang berkembang dengan pesat. Peningkatan kemampuan landas pacu dan apron dalam mendukung beban pesawat yang terus berkembang perlu terus dilakukan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah mengetahui kekuatan apron bandar udara Ahmad Yani Semarang sebelum dan setelah dilakukan oleh pihak manajemen bandara. Dari perhitungan didapatkan nilai PCN perekerasan flexible sebelum terjadi kerusakan adalah perlu ditingkatkan dari 27 F/D/X/T menjadi 34 F/C/X/T atau dioverlay setebal 8 cm. Hasil perbaikan dengan menggunakan plat beton dan penambahan aspal diatas beton dengan tebal total 40 cm sudah memenuhi syarat karena melebihi dari tebal hasil perhitungan yaitu 35,56 cm.
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Valenzuela-Malebrán, Carla, Simone Cesca, Sergio Ruiz, Luigi Passarelli, Felipe Leyton, Sebastian Hainzl, Bertrand Potin, and Torsten Dahm. "Seismicity clusters in Central Chile: investigating the role of repeating earthquakes and swarms in a subduction region." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 3 (November 21, 2020): 2028–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa562.
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SUMMARY Seismicity along subduction interfaces is usually dominated by large main-shock–aftershock sequences indicative of a continuum distribution of highly coupled large asperities. In the past decades, however, the increased resolution of seismic catalogues at some subduction zone seems to indicate instead a more complex rheological segmentation of the interface. Large and megathrust earthquake ruptures seem interspersed among regions of low seismic coupling and less stress buildup. In this weaker zone, the strain is primarily released via a combination of moderate-size swarm-like seismicity and aseismic slip. Along the Chilean subduction zone, the densification of the seismic network allowed for the identification of localized seismic clusters, some of them appearing in the form of swarms before megathrust earthquakes. The origin and driving processes of this seismic activity have not yet been identified. In this study, we follow a systematic approach to characterize the seismicity at two persistent clusters in Central Chile, one located offshore Navidad and one inland, at ∼40 km depth beneath Vichuquén, which occurred throughout ∼20 yr. We investigated these clusters, by deriving high-resolution hypocentral locations and moment tensors and performing a detailed analysis of spatio-temporal patterns, magnitude and interevent time distributions of the clustered earthquakes. Both clusters are characterized by weak to moderate seismicity (below Mw 6) and stand out as clear seismicity rate and Benioff strain anomalies. At the Navidad cluster, seismicity occurs in the form of swarms, with a characteristic duration of 2–7 d and location and thrust mechanisms compatible with activity on the slab interface. Conversely, we find at Vichuquén activity dominated by thrust earthquakes occurring as repeaters on the slab interface, with a slip rate of approximately ∼5.0 cm yr−1. We attribute these clusters to local features of the subducting plate: the Navidad swarms are likely driven by repeated high pore pressure transients along a pre-fractured patch of the slab, while the seismicity at the Vichuquén cluster is interpreted as the result of a subducting seamount. Both clusters have been active before and after the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake and persisted afterwards with the seismicity decay following the Omori law. These interactions are especially evident for the Vichuquén cluster, where the seismicity rate increased considerably after the Maule earthquake and continues to be an area of clearly elevated seismicity rate compared to its surroundings.
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Zaitsev, A. N., E. Yu Avdontseva, S. N. Britvin, A. Demény, Z. Homonnay, T. E. Jeffries, J. Keller, et al. "Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite, NaCa2(Mg2Fe3+3 )(Al2Si6)O22O2, a new anhydrous amphibole from the Deeti volcanic cone, Gregory rift, northern Tanzania." Mineralogical Magazine 77, no. 6 (August 2013): 2773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2013.077.6.06.
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AbstractOxo-magnesio-hastingsite, ideally NaCa2(Mg2Fe3+3)(Al2Si6)O22O2, is a new anhydrous amphibole from the Deeti volcanic cone in the Gregory rift (northern Tanzania). The mineral occurs as megacrysts up to 12 cm in size in crystal-rich tuff. Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite is brown with a vitreous lustre and has a perfect {110} cleavage. The measured density is 3.19(1) g/cm3. Ferri-kaersutite is biaxial (–), α = 1.706 (2), β = 1.715(2), γ = 1.720(2) (Na light, 589 nm). 2V (calc.) = 73°. Dispersion: r > v, weak; orientation: Y = b; Z ^ c = 8°; pleochroism: strong, Z: dark brown, Y: brown, X: light brown. The average chemical formula of the mineral derived from electron microprobe analyses, Mössbauer spectroscopy and direct water determination is (Na0.67K0.33)Σ1.00(Ca1.87Na0.14Mn0.01)Σ2.02(Mg3.27Fe3+1.25Ti0.44Al0.08)Σ5.04(Al1.80Si6.20O22)(O1.40OH0.60)Σ2.00. It has monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/m and unit-cell parameters a = 9.8837(3), b = 18.0662(6), c = 5.3107(2) Å, b = 105.278(1)o, V = 914.77(5) Å3, Z = 2. The five strongest powder-diffraction lines [d in Å, (I/Io), hkl] are: 3.383 (62) (131), 2.708 (97) (151), 2.555 (100) (), 2.349 (29) () and 2.162 (36) (261). The isotopic composition of H and O, as well as the concentration of trace elements in oxo-magnesio-hastingsite suggest its formation from a melt originated from a mantle source metasomatized by slab-derived fluids.
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Chen, Peiyuan, Shicheng He, Pengju Wang, Ying Xu, Xiuping Hu, and Qian Chen. "Ecological Upgrade of Normal-Strength Mortars by Using High Volume of GGBS." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7101469.
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Normal-strength concrete is widely used in construction sites considering the cost, technology, and structural safety. The ecological upgrade of such materials is more meaningful for the sustainable development in a greener way. To this end, the feasibility of ecological upgrade of normal-strength mortars (NSM) by using high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (70%–90%) was evaluated in this paper. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of experimental variables such as content of cement, curing temperature, and mass ratio of water to binder (w/b) on the fresh properties, compressive strength, hydration products, microstructure, and pore structure of NSM. Ecoefficiency evaluation was conducted based on the energy requirement for the whole production of cement and GGBS. Experimental results showed that ecological upgrade of NSM was viable and feasible. When substituting 70% to 90% cement by GGBS, the energy requirement of 1 t binder can be accordingly saved by 67% to 86%, and the performance energy can be reduced from 25.4 (kWh/t)/MPa to 6 to 8 (kWh/t)/MPa. With proper contents of GGBS (70% or 75%), the 28 d compressive strengths were acceptable with reductions less than 10%. Evaluated curing temperatures and decreased w/b were viable methods to promote the early-age compressive strength of NSM incorporating high volume of GGBS. For instance, raising the curing temperature to 40°C can help achieve higher early-age compressive strength than that of the control group. In addition, the pore sizes within ZII (<100 nm) of GGBS-incorporated NSM were refined by over 20 nm.
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Lee, Joan. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 6, No. 1." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n1p120.
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Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1Abha Mishra, Asian Institute of Technology, ThailandAftab Alam, Vice President Agriculture (R&D), Edenworks Inc. New York, United StatesAmor Slama, Science Faculty of Bizerte, TunisiaAndre Lindner, Dresden University of Technology, Tropical Forestry, GermanyBernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima, University of Dschang, CameroonBeye Amadou Amadou Moustapha, Rice Research Center, Côte d'IvoireDario Stefanelli, Department of Primary Industries, AustraliaDietrich Darr, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, GermanyInder Pal Singh, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University (GADVASU), IndiaIvo Grgic, University of Zagreb, CroatiaJose Antonio Alburquerque, Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), SpainKhaled Sassi, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, TunisiaMahmoud Shehata Mahmoud, Alexandria University, EgyptManuel Teles Oliveira, University Tras os Montes Alto Douro (UTAD), PortugalMirela Kopjar, University of Osijek, CroatiaMohammad Valipour, Payame Noor University, IranMurtazain Raza, Subsidiary of Habib Bank AG Zurich, PakistanNehemie Tchinda Donfagsiteli, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, CameroonRabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, PakistanRoberto José Zoppolo, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Uruguay), UruguaySilviu Beciu, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, RomaniaStefano Marino, University of Molise, ItalySubbu Kumarappan, Ohio State ATI, United StatesSuheb Mohammed, University of Virginia, United StatesTunde Akim Omokanye, Agricultural Research and Extension Council of Alberta (ARECA), CanadaWei Wang, Vanderbilt University, United States
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Kernder, A., J. G. Richter, R. Fischer-Betz, B. Winkler-Rohlfing, R. Brinks, M. Schneider, and G. Chehab. "Quality of care predicts outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional analysis of a German long-term study (LuLa cohort)." Lupus 29, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203319896626.
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Objective Our aim was to study the quality of medical care in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to understand gaps and to analyze the association with outcome of the disease. Methods Information on demographics and medical care was assessed by self-reported questionnaires among SLE patients (LuLa cohort, 2011, n = 580). In total, 21 aspects of medical care were analyzed. Univariate analysis selected 10 predictor variables for further analysis: (1) urine examination and (2) blood test in the previous year, (3) taking antimalarials, (4) taking vitamin D and calcium if the dosage of prednisolone was greater than 7.5 mg/day, counseling regarding (5) lipid metabolism, (6) vaccination, and (7) blood pressure, and treatment of the comorbidities (8) hypertension, (9) osteoporosis and (10) lipid metabolism disorder. The association of these 10 items with the outcome of the disease, assessed in 2015, was analyzed by linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, disease duration and sex. Results On average six of the 10 items were met (±1.7). Receiving more clinical care in 2013 was predictive for low disease activity (SLAQ, p = 0.024, β = –0.104, corr. R2 = 0.048), low progress in disease-related damage (Delta Brief Index of Lupus Questionnaire, p = 0.048, β = –0.132, corr. R2 = 0.036) and high health-related quality of life (SF-12 physical, p = 0.035, β = 0.100, corr. R2 = 0.091) in 2015. Conclusion Our study illustrates a link between the quality of care and the SLE outcome parameters disease activity, disease-related damage and quality of life. Consistent considerations of these care parameters, which are recommended in several management guidelines, could therefore be a good approach to improve the outcome of patients with SLE.
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Carretta, Yves, Romain Boman, Nicolas Legrand, Maxime Laugier, and J. P. Ponthot. "Numerical Simulations of Asperity Crushing Using Boundary Conditions Encountered in Cold-Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.850.
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The general framework of this paper is in the field of numerical simulation of asperity crushing. Different material forming processes, such as strip-rolling and deep drawing, imply mixed lubrication. In this lubrication regime, two types of contact are present at the same time: a direct contact between the two solids at the asperity level and also valleys filled with pressurized oil. Theses contact conditions have a large influence on friction and wear taking place during the upsetting process. As this mixed type of contact is not yet fully understood from the physics point of view, numerical models are essential to achieve a better understanding. For example, semi-analytical asperity crushing models have been developed by Wilson&Sheu [1] and Sutcliffe [2] to take into account the influence of bulk plastic deformations on asperity crushing. The finite element method has also been used to model asperity crushing. Ike&Makinouchi [3] studied the behavior of 2D triangular-shaped asperities under different boundary conditions. Krozekwa et al. [4] modeled 3D triangular asperities behavior, for various bulk strain directions. More recently, Lu et al. [5] compared experimental results of pyramid-shaped asperity and ridge-shaped asperity crushing with finite element simulation results. As in the three former references mentioned above, it has been decided, to study the interaction between a rigid plane and a simplified geometry asperity without lubricant. In this article, numerical asperity crushing results obtained with Metafor[6], a home made large strains software, will be presented. Those results will illustrate the influence of boundary conditions, contact pressure, large bulk strain and geometry of asperities on the evolution of the contact area. As the asperity crushing behaviour is known to be very sensitive to the boundary conditions, in this article, we will also present results using boundary conditions from a cold rolling model named MetaLub. MetaLub [7-8] is a software developed at the University of Liege in partnership with ArcelorMittal R&D center. It iteratively solves the equations resulting from the discretisation using the slab method of the strip coupled to a mixed lubrication model at the interface. This lubrication model takes into account the evolution of the oil film thickness as well as the asperity crushing along the roll bite. We will compare the evolution of the relative contact area obtained with MetaLub to the results obtained with finite elements simulations using the same boundary conditions. [1] Wilson, W.R.D and Sheu, S. Real area of contact and boundary friction in metal forming. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 1988, 30(7), 475-489. [2] Sutcliffe, M.P.F Surface asperity deformation in metal forming processes. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1988, 30(11), 847-868. [3] Ike, H. and Makinouchi, A. Effect of lateral tension and compression on plane strain flattening processes of surface asperities lying over a plastically deformable bulk. Wear, 1990, 140, 17-38. [4] Korzekwa, D.A., Dawson, P.R. and Wilson W.R.D., Surface asperity deformation during sheet forming. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1992, 34(7), 521-539. [5] Lu, C., Wei, D., Jiang, Z., and Tieu, K., Experimental and theoretical investigation of the asperity flattening process under large bulk strain, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J. 222 (2008), 271–278. [6] LTAS-MN2L. ULg. http://metafor.ltas.ulg.ac.be/. [7] Stéphany, A., Contribution à l’étude numérique de la lubrification en régime mixte en laminage à froid. PhD dissertation (in French), Université de Liège (2008) [8] Carretta, Y., Stephany, A., Legrand, N., Laugier, M., and Ponthot, J.-P., MetaLub – A slab method software for the numerical simulation of mixed lubrication regime. Application to cold rolling. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Tribology In Manufacturing Processes (ICTMP), 2010,799-808.
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Cacciola, S. O., A. Pane, M. Davino, and G. Magnano di San Lio. "First Report of Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on Avocado in Italy." Plant Disease 82, no. 11 (November 1998): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.11.1281c.
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Root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is generally recognized to be the most important disease of avocado (Persea americana Miller) wherever this tropical fruit tree is grown (3). The disease was first found in Italy in the spring of 1998. Eight-year-old trees, with symptoms ranging from initial to severe, were observed in an experimental field near Rocca di Caprileone, in Sicily. Few trees showed symptoms of both root rot and collar rot. Infected trees were of 13 commercial cultivars. Trees were grafted on two different rootstocks: Hass seedlings and G6 seedlings. G6 is a selection reported to have some field resistance to P. cinnamomi infections (2). However, no correlation was observed between symptom severity and rootstock. P. cinnamomi was isolated on BNPRAH selective medium (4) from trunk bark, feeder roots, and rhizosphere soil of diseased trees, and from roots of symptomless trees. The isolates, identified primarily on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics, formed rosaceous colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and on corn meal agar (CMA) coralloid-type mycelium, with abundant hyphal swellings, which were typically spherical and in clusters. Chlamydospores were either terminal or intercalary, and often occurred in characteristic grapelike clusters. Sporangia, which were produced in saline solution (1), were broadly ellipsoidal or ovoid, persistent, non-papillate and proliferous. The identification was confirmed by the electrophoresis of mycelial proteins on polyacrylamide slab gel. The electrophoretic patterns of total soluble proteins and eight isozymes (AKP [alkaline phosphatase], EST [esterase], FUM [fumarase], GLC [NAD-glucose dehydrogenase], G6PD [glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase], LDH [lactate dehydrogenase], MDH [malate dehydrogenase], and SOD [superoxide dismutase]) of the isolates from avocado were identical to those of two strains of P. cinnamomi, used as reference (isolate 70473 from International Mycological Institute, U.K., and an isolate from myrtle from the Institute of Plant Pathology, University of Catania, Italy). Conversely, the electrophoretic phenotype of the P. cinnamomi isolates from avocado was clearly distinct from those of reference strains of eight other species included in Waterhouse's taxonomic group VI. Pairings with isolates of a known mating type of P. cinnamomi, P. cryptogea, and P. drechsleri revealed that all the isolates from avocado were A2 mating type. It is possible that P. cinnamomi had been introduced into the experimental field on infected symptomless nursery trees. In Italy, root rot caused by P. cinnamomi could have a significant impact on commercial avocado plantings extending over about 20 ha. Moreover, this polyphagous pathogen may be a threat to other crops as well as to forest trees. References: (1) D. W. Chen and G. A. Zentmyer. Mycologia 62:397, 1970. (2) M. D. Coffey. Plant Dis. 71:1046, 1987. (3) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (4) H. Masago et al. Phytopathology 67:425, 1977.
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Yang, An, and Ting Yang. "Controls on the present-day dynamic topography predicted from mantle flow models since 410 Ma." Geophysical Journal International 225, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 1637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab052.
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SUMMARY Mantle convection induces dynamic topography, the lithosphere's surface deflections driven by the vertical stresses from sublithospheric mantle convection. Dynamic topography has important influences on a range of geophysical and geological observations. Here, we studied controls on the Earth's dynamic topography through 3-D spherical models of mantle convection, which use reconstructed past 410 Myr global plate motion history as time-dependent surface mechanical boundary condition. The numerical model assumes the extended-Boussinesq approximation and includes strongly depth- and temperature-dependent viscosity and phase changes in the mantle. Our results show that removing the chemical layer above the core–mantle boundary (CMB) and including depth-dependent thermal expansivity have both a limited influence on the predicted present-day dynamic topography. Considering phase transitions in our models increases the predicted amplitude of dynamic topography, which is mainly influenced by the 410 km exothermic phase transition. The predicted dynamic topography is very sensitive to shallow temperature-induced lateral viscosity variations (LVVs) and Rayleigh number. The preservation of LVVs significantly increases the negative dynamic topography at subduction zones. A decrease (or increase) of Rayleigh number increases (or decreases) the predicted present-day dynamic topography considerably. The dynamic topography predicted from the model considering LVVs and with a Rayleigh number of 6 × 108 is most compatible with residual topography models. This Rayleigh number is consistent with the convective vigor of the Earth as supported by generating more realistic lower mantle structure, slab sinking rate and surface and CMB heat fluxes. The evolution of the surface heat flux pattern is similar to the long-term eustatic sea level change. Before the formation of Pangea, large negative dynamic topography formed between the plate convergence region of Gondwana and Laurussia. The predicted dynamic topography similar to that of present-day has already emerged by about 262 Ma. Powers for degrees 1–3 dynamic topography at 337 and 104 Ma which correspond to times of higher plate velocities and higher surface heat fluxes are larger.
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CSCI, _. "CSCI Young Investigators Forum Abstracts." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 32, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v32i4.6623.
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ASSESSMENT OF PARALLEL SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN UTERINE MYOCYTES STIMULATED WITH VARIOUS SMOOTH MUSCLE AGONISTS H.N. Aguilar, B.F. Mitchell 1 TRACTOGRAPHY: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO IMAGE FIBER TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD Fahad Alkherayf, Eve Tsai, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Alain Berthiaume, Brien Benoit, John Sinclair 1 MODULATION OF OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS IN INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASES H. Allard-Chamard, M. Durant, A.J. de Brum-Fernandes, G. Boire, S.V. Komarova, S.J. Dixon, S.M. Sims, R. Harison, M.F. Manolson 2 “THE RIGHT THING TO DO? A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS, RIGHTS DISCOURSE, AND THE EXPANSION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART)” Berkhout, SG, Anderson, S, Tyndall, MW 2 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMEDIATE BASELINE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VS. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE IN ONTARIO PATIENTS WHO PRESENT WITH SYMPTOMS SUGGESTIVE OF STROKE KR Burton, G. Mery 3 CHITOSAN-MEDIATED FGF18 DELIVERY FOR ASSISTED BONE REPAIR A. Carli, M. Lavertu, C. Gao, A. Merzouki, M.D. Buschmann, J.E. Henderson, E.J.Harvey 3 ACTIVE PI3K-AKT SIGNALING PROMOTES THE METASTATIC POTENTIAL OF ASCITES-DERIVED EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER CELLS Correa RJM, Ramos-Valdes Y, Bertrand M, Lanvin D, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto AK, Lewis JD, Shepherd TG, DiMattia GE 4 MECHANISMS OF K65R, D67N, K103N, V106M AND M184V RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT IN SUBTYPE-B AND C HIV-1 Dimitrios Coutsinos, Cedric F. Invernizzi, Daniela Moisi, Maureen Oliveira, Hongtao Xu, Bluma G. Brenner, Mark A. Wainberg 4 A MODEL TO DETERMINE FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INDUCTION OF AN IN VIVO CTL RESPONSE Dissanayake D, Ohashi PS 5 P63 ANTAGONIZES P53 TO PROMOTE THE SURVIVAL OF EMBRYONIC NEURAL PRECURSOR CELLS Sagar B. Dugani, Annie Paquin, Masashi Fujitani, David R. Kaplan, Freda D. Miller 5 SPINAL LOCOMOTOR NETWORK MODULATION BY ENDOGENOUS SEROTONIN IN THE ISOLATED NEONATAL MOUSE SPINAL CORD Dunbar MJ, Whelan PJ 6 THE TUMOR PROMOTING AND REPRESSING EFFECTS OF INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE ARE DIFFERENTIATED BY JNK1 IN HUMAN CANCER CELLS Adam David Durbin, Gregory Edward Hannigan, David Malkin 6 INCREASED EXCITATION IN MICE OVER-EXPRESSING NEUROLIGIN-1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND LEARNING AND MEMORY Brennan D Eadie, Timal Kannangara, Regina Dalhaus, Rochelle M Hines, Yu-Tian Wang, Alaa El-Husseini, Brian R Christie 7 A NOVEL ROLE FOR CDK5/P35 IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA FORMATION Friesen AN, Shin J, Law V, Lee YS, Mckinnon P, Lee KY 7 ALTERED PSYCHOSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND STRESS RESPONSE FOLLOWING ‘MINOR’ STROKE IN THE RAT Krista Hewlett, Meighan Kelly, Dale Corbett 8 TUMOUR PATHOLOGY PREDICTS MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY IN COLORECTAL CANCER AJ Hyde, D Fontaine, S Stuckless, RC Green, A Pollett, M Simms, P Parfrey, HB Younghusband 8 PROTEINASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-2 (PAR2) IS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF INSULIN Eric Hyun, Rithwick Ramachandran, Nicolas Cenac, Steeve Houle, Amit Saxena, Roland S. Liblau, Morley Hollenberg, Nathalie Vergnolle 9 CHEMOSENSITIVE PROPERTIES OF THE VENTRAL MEDULLA IN VITRO Kalf Daniel J, Wilson Richard JA 9 NOVEL DOPAMINE RECEPTOR-N TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL INTERACTIONS: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS FOR DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT DOPAMINERGIC SIGNALLING Alexandra E. Kisilevsky, Sean J. Mulligan, Christophe Altier, Mircea C. Iftinca, Diego Varela, Chao Tai, Lina Chen, Shahid Hameed, Jawed Hamid, Brian A. MacVicar, Gerald W. Zamponi 10 TRUNCATION OF THE C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF CONNEXIN43 INCREASES INFARCT VOLUME DURING STROKE Kozoriz MG, Bechberger JF, Bechberger GR, Suen MWH, Moreno AP, Maass K, Willecke K, Naus CC 10 EVALUATION OF THE DELIVERABILITY AND TOLERABILITY OF INTENSIVE WEEKLY DOUBLET ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER M. Sara Kuruvilla, Lorraine Martelli-Reid, J. R. Goffin, A. Arnold, Peter M. Ellis 11 A POLICY-ORIENTED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ENDOSCOPIC THERAPIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS Lau D, Menon D, Stafinski T, Topfer LA, Walker J 11 THE SRC-LIKE ADAPTOR PROTEIN, SLAP, PLAYS A ROLE IN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELL MATURATION Larissa Liontos, L Dragone, A Weiss, C J McGlade 12 SWEET PEE: A NEW MOUSE MODEL FOR GLOMERULOCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND GLUCOSURIA J Ly, J Rossant, L Oxborne, C McKerlie, A Flenniken, S Quaggin 12 CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN ASPHYXIATED NEONATE PIGLETS: IS COMBINATION INOTROPE THERAPY BETTER THAN HIGH-DOSE DOPAMINE? N. Manouchehri, P.-Y. Cheung, C. Joynt, T. Churchill, D. Bigam 13 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION, HYPEREMIC SHEAR STRESS, AND VARIOUS ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES OF OBESITY Martin BJ, Title LM, Verma S, Charbonneau F, Buithieu J, Lonn EM, Anderson TJ 13 RAPID LOCALIZATION OF NEUTROPHILS TO SITES OF CELL DEATH BY MAC1-DEPENDENT ADHESION AND INTRAVASCULAR CRAWLING McDonald B, Menezes GB, Kubes P 14 THE ROLE OF SHIP-1 IN CEACAM1-MEDIATED HOST RESPONSES TO NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INFECTION Gordon G McSheffrey, S D Gray-Owen 14 USING VOLTAGE-SENSITIVE DYES TO RECORD BRAIN ACTIVITY IN NATURALLY MOVING MICE McVea DA, Mohajerani MH, Fingas M, Murphy TH 15 POTENTIAL MECHANICAL INFLUENCE IN MICROVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN THE ACL DEFICIENT RABBIT KNEE Daniel Miller 15 OSTEOBLAST MECHANOSENSITIVITY: THE ROLE OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE Kenneth A. Myers, Timothy Douglas, Ricarda Hess, Justin Parreno, Jerome B. Rattner, Dieter Scharnweber, Nigel G. Shrive, David A. Hart 16 ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS FOR HEALING AND ANGIOGENESIS IN A SEGMENTAL BONE DEFECT MODEL: A COMPARISON WITH MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS Nauth A, Li R, Schemitsch EH 16 DELAY OF DNA METHYLATION IN PERINATAL MALE GERM CELLS IN THE ABSENCE OF DNMT3L RESULTING IN INFERTILITY Kirsten Niles, Sophie La Salle, Christopher Oakes, Jacquetta Trasler 17 INVESTIGATING CRMP4 FUNCTION IN CNS NERVE REGENERATION S. Ong Tone, S. Kanagal, A. Wilson, Y.Z. Alabed, A. Di Polo, A.E. Fournier 17 A NOVEL, DNA DAMAGE-DEPENDENT REGULATORY PATHWAY FOR AKT IN VIVO Andrew J. Perrin, W. Brent Derry 18 CHOP AS A TARGET FOR PRESERVATION OF TRANSPLANTED ISLET GRAFT MASS Potter K, Dai L, Verchere CB 18 TREATMENT OF ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY R Ram, C Patel, D Wiseman, W Meeuwisse, JP Wiley 19 PLACENTAL LACTOGEN FUNCTION IN POST-IMPLANTATION MURINE PREGNANCY Saara M. Rawn, James C. Cross 19 DECODING NEURAL SIGNALS FROM MULTIELECTRODE ARRAYS IN THE PRIMATE DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX Sachs A.J, Pieper F, Martinez-Trujillo J.C. 20 THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA IN A MOUSE MODEL OF OSTEOARTHRITIS Usmani S.E, Appleton C.T.G., Welch I.D, Beier F. 20 SKIN-DERIVED STEM CELLS ACT AS FUNCTIONAL SCHWANN CELLS WHEN TRANSPLANTED INTO LESIONED PERIPHERAL NERVE Sarah K. Walsh, Rajiv Midha 21 TLR4 MEDIATES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES C Westwell-Roper, G Soukhatcheva, MJH Hutton, JP Dutz, CB Verchere 21 A FUSION OF GMCSF AND IL-21 (GIFT-21) POTENTLY INDUCES INFLAMMATION AND APOPTOSIS THROUGH SIGNALS DOWNSTREAM OF THE IL-21R ALPHA CHAIN Patrick Williams, Shala Yuan, Jessica Cuerquis, Elena Birman, Kathy Ann Forner, Jacques Galipeau 22
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El-Agmy, Reda M., and Najm M. Al-Hosiny. "Thermal analysis and CW laser operation at 1.998 µm in end pumped Tm:YAP lasers." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i4.938.
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We report on thermal analysis and a continuous wave (CW) laser operation at (1.998µm) of end pumped Tm: YAP cylindrical laser rod. The Tm: YAP laser rod is pumped at a wavelength of 1.064 µm emitting from Nd: YAG laser source. A 3W incident pump power is used to generate a maximum laser output of 700 mW, representing 18% slope efficiency. The power of thermally induced lens in Tm:YAP laser rod is numerically analyzed and validated experimentally. The focal lengths of the thermally induced lens are directly measured using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We have detected blue up-conversion fluorescence emission before laser operation at 1.998 µm. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical calculations. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Elder, J. Payne, "Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:YAP laser", Applied Optics 36 (33), 8606 (1997) CrossRef Y. Li, B. Yao, Y. Wang, Y. Ju, G. Zhao, Y. Zong, J. Xu, "High efficient diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature", Chinese Opt. Lett. 5 (5), 286 (2007). DirectLink H. Ni, S. C. Rand, "Avalanche upconversion in Tm:YALO3", Opt. Lett. 16 (8), 1424 (1991). CrossRef Z. G. Wang, C. W. Song, Y. F. Li, Y. L. Ju, Y. Z. Wang, "CW and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser at room temperature", Laser Phys. Lett. 6 (2), 105 (2009). CrossRef Baoquan Yao, Yi Tian, Wei Wang, Gang Li, Yuezhu Wang, "Analysis and compensation of thermal lens effects in Tm:YAP lasers", Chinese Opt. Lett. 8 (10), 996 (2010). CrossRef F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi, C. Bernardini, M. Toncelli, "Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+:BaY2F8 vibronic laser", Opt. Expr. 12 (9), 1982 (2004). CrossRef Xiaojin Cheng, Mi Fan, Jiandong Cao, Jianhua Shang, "Research on the thermal effect and laser resonator of diode-pumped thin-slab Tm:YAP lasers", Optik 176, 32 (2019). CrossRef W. Koechner, Solid-state Laser Engineering, Springer, (2013). DirectLink https://www.crytur.cz DirectLink http://www.laserlabcomponents.com/ DirectLink R. M. El-Agmy, N.AlHosiny, "2.31 [micro sign]m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 [micro sign]m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fibre lasers", Elect. Lett. 46 (13), 936 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "870 mW blue laser emission at 480 nm in a large core thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser", Laser Phys. 20 (4), 838 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "Power scaling of end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers, modeling and experiments", Optik 140, 584 (2017). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. Al-Hosiny, "Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm", Photonic sensors 7 (4), 329 (2017). CrossRef S. C. Tidwell, J. F. Seamans, M. S. Bowers, A. K. Cousins, "Scaling CW diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to high average powers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 997 (1992). CrossRef P. J. Hardman, W. A. Clarkson, G. J. Friel, M. Pollnau, D. C. Hanna, "Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, 647 (1999). CrossRef
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Gut, Kazimierz. "Model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer as a humidity sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1022.
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The paper presents a model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer. Its response to the change in thickness and refractive index of the waveguide layer due to the change in humidity is presented. The analysis was carried out for the wavelength range from 450 nm to 850 nm. The orthogonal modes TE0 and TM0, which propagate in this wavelength range, are considered. It is shown that by using light near the maximum of the system characteristic, instead of the spectrometer, the total power at the system output can be measured. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Kitsara, K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, and E. Makarona, "Integrated optical frequency-resolved Mach-Zehnder interferometers for label-free affinity sensing", Opt. Express 18, 8193 (2010). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, A. Salapatas, E. Makarona, A. Bostials, et al., "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express 22, 8856 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, E. Makarona, A. Botsialas, A. Salapatas, et al "All-silicon monolithic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a refractive index and bio-chemical sensor", Opt. Express 22, 26803 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, E. Makarona, M. Hoekman, R. Fyrogenis, K. Tukkiniemi, et al., "All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components", ACS Photonics 6, 1694 (2019). CrossRef E. Makarona, A. Salapatas, I. Raptis, P. Petrou, S. Kakabakos, et al., "Broadband Young interferometry for simultaneous dual polarization bioanalytics", J Opt Soc Am B 34, 1691 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express 25, 3111 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef W. Lukosz, "Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors", Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 29, 37 (1995). CrossRef W. Knoll, O. Azzaroni, H. Duran, J. Kunze-Liebhäuser, K. Lau, et al. "Nanoporous thin films in optical waveguide spectroscopy for chemical analytics", Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, 3299 (2020). CrossRef A. Bucciarellia, V. Mullonib, D. Maniglio, R.K. Pal, V.K. Yadavalli, at al., "A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices", Optical Materials 78, 407 (2018). CrossRef V.Prajzler, K. Min, S. Kim, and P. Nekvindova, "The Investigation of the Waveguiding Properties of Silk Fibroin from the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectrum", Materials 11, 112 (2018). CrossRef Q. Li, N. Qi, Y. Peng, Y. Zhange, L.Shi, et al. "Aggregation induced red shift emission of phosphorus doped carbon dots", RSC Advances 7, 178889 (2017). CrossRef P. Giovanni, Z. Yuji, N. Deboki, P. Nereus, D. Kaplan, et al. "The optical properties of regenerated silk fibroin films obtained from different sources", App. Phys. Lett. 111, 103702 (2017). CrossRef M. Procek, Z. Opilski, A. M. Maquenda, X.M. Berbel, S.Aznar-Cervantes et al., "Silk fibroin thin films for optical humidity sensing", Proceedings of SPIE 11204,1120409 (2019). CrossRef https://www.thorlabs.com/thorproduct.cfm?partnumber=M595F2 DirectLink
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Stocker, Nicolas, Agathe Farge, Laure Ricard, Vincent Jachiet, Clemence Mediavilla, Eolia Brissot, Giorgia Battipaglia, et al. "A Delayed Innate T Cell Reconstitution Is Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Anti-Thymoglobulin and High-Dose Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111449.
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Abstract Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) using a haploidentical donor (haplo-HCT) using post-transplant high-dose cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is increasingly used for patients lacking a matched related or unrelated donor. We recently noticed a relatively high incidence of infectious complications, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after haplo-HCT. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased incidence of this complication in the haplo-HCT setting are unknown. We hypothesized that the use of PTCy may be associated with a deficit in innate-like effector T cells essential for preventing EBV reactivation.This study aimed to analyze immune reconstitution following haplo-HCT using peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) grafts and to evaluate the correlations with EBV reactivation and outcomes. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty-three consecutive patients who underwent allo-HCT for hematological malignancies between 2013 and 2016 were included in this single-center retrospective study. All patients received G-CSF mobilized PBSC grafts and ATG 2.5-5 mg/Kg total dose. All patients received a combination of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil for GvHD prophylaxis, except for patients with a matched related donor (MRD) who received cyclosporine A alone and patients with an haploidentical donor who received PTCy (50mg/kg/d at d3+/-d5). α/β T cells (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+), γ/δ T cells (pan γ/δ and Vδ2+), mucosal-associated T cells wich express a highly restricted TCR comprising a semi-variant Vα7.2-Jα33 (MAIT), invariant NK T cells, NK cells, B cells, Tregs, monocytes subsets and dendritic cells (myeloid DC, plasmacytoid DC and Slan-DC) were analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry at months (M) 1, 3, 6 and 12 following allo-HCT. Clinical data [acute GvHD (aGvHD), relapse incidence, chronic GvHD (cGvHD), viral reactivations, bacterial and fungal infections, non-relapse mortality (NRM), progression-free survival (PFS), refined GvHD-free and progression-free survival (GPFS), overall survival (OS)] were assessed together with sequential quantitative evaluation of immune subsets. Results: Median age was 55 (range, 17-70) years, with 32 male patients (26%) receiving a graft from a female donor. Diagnoses were myeloid malignancies (66%) or lymphoid malignancies (34%). Thirty-three patients (27%) received a graft from a MRD, 65 from an unrelated donor (MUD, 53%), and 25 from a haplo-identical donor (20%). Thirty patients (24%) with refractory disease received a sequential conditioning regimen while the remaining (n=93, 76%) received a RIC/RTC regimen based on fludarabine, busulfan +/- thiotepa. At d180, the cumulative incidences (CIs) of grade II-IV and grade III-IV aGvHD were 34% and 5%, respectively. The 2 years CIs of cGvHD, extensive cGvHD and relapse were 23%, 8% and 17%, respectively. At 2 years, NRM was 7%, PFS was 77%, GPFS was 66% and OS was 83%. The rate of EBV reactivation was significantly increased in haplo-HCT recipients as compared to fully-matched donor recipients (respectively, 68% versus 26%, P< .001). At one month after allo-HCT, the median counts of all immune cells subsets (except monocytes) was significantly lower in haplo-HCT recipients as compared to MRD or MUD recipients. At 3 months, α/β T cells, iNK T cells, NK cells, B cells, Tregs and Slan-DC reached similar median counts in haplo-HCT recipients as compared to MRD or MUD recipients. In contrast, Vδ2+ T cells and MAIT cells median counts remained significantly lower at 3, 6 and 12 months in haplo-HCT recipients compared to MRD or MUD recipients (at M1, M3, M6, M12, the median Vδ2+ T cells counts were 0.05/µL, 0.24/µL, 1.38/µL and 2.97/µL, and MAIT cells were 0.07/µL, 0.70/µL, 1.00/µL and 1.21/µL, respectively). Lower Vδ2+ T-cells and MAIT cells counts at one month was associated with a significantly increased CI of EBV reactivation (respectively, P=.04 and P<.0001) in landmark study. Conclusion: Immunological reconstitution of innate T cells is significantly delayed after haplo-HCT and low-dose ATG and PTCy. This prolonged deficiency is associated with an increased risk of EBV reactivation. Development of new strategies for innate-T cells expansion are necessary after haplo-HCT. Disclosures Mohty: MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Blomjous, B., G. Gajadin, I. Bultink, A. Voskuyl, L. Falzon, J. Hoving, and M. Ter Wee. "FRI0156 WORK PARTICIPATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 662.1–662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3555.
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Background:The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved over the last decades, however, absenteeism and work disability numbers remain higher than those observed in the general population (1). SLE has its onset between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and has a major burden on the lives of patients, both mentally and financially. A recent online survey amongst 2070 European SLE patients revealed that 69.5% of patients had their careers affected due to SLE (2).Objectives:To determine the magnitude of absenteeism and work disability in patients with SLE and to investigate the factors that might affect work participation in these patients in order to develop interventions to reduce the impact of the burden in the future.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed to identify published articles reporting on the prevalence of work related burden, as well as the relation of having SLE on employment status, sick leave and/or presenteeism. Full-text original articles (all languages) published before April 2019 were identified by literature search performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase and CINAHL.Results:In total, 2057 non-duplicate citations were screened after database searching and snowballing. Finally, 81 articles were included; most studies (n=59) had a cross-sectional design and the remaining 22 studies had a longitudinal design. Only 15 longitudinal cohort studies reported on associations, 6 studies described a longitudinal prediction model, 2 studies reported on associations and described a prediction model, and 3 studies had a longitudinal design but only reported on prevalences over time. In total, 3500 working patients were included in the studies reporting on associations or describing a longitudinal prediction model. In the association studies, the most frequently used outcome measures were respectively being employed/probability of being employed and work loss/job cessation. Other studies used loss of days from (non)workforce activities/sick leave days, work disability, productivity loss or work entry. Most associations with work outcome were found for demographic variables and two or three disease variables, like Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) score and depressive symptoms. This was also the case in the prediction studies. Most studies did not assess work related variables as possible predictors for work outcome.Conclusion:A large heterogeneity was found in type of study design and outcome measures, which limits comparison with other studies. More longitudinal studies are needed to truly assess the impact of SLE on work participation, and to identify factors that could be influenced during interventions, in order to encourage work participation of these patients.References:[1]Bultink IE, Turkstra F, Dijkmans BA, Voskuyl AE. High prevalence of unemployment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with organ damage and health-related quality of life. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(6):1053-7.[2]Gordon C, Isenberg D, Lerstrom K, Norton Y, Nikai E, Pushparajah DS, et al. The substantial burden of systemic lupus erythematosus on the productivity and careers of patients: a European patient-driven online survey. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(12):2292-301.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Cacciola, S. O., A. M. Pennisi, G. E. Agosteo, and G. Magnano di San Lio. "First Report of Phytophthora palmivora on Grevillea spp. in Italy." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.1006a.
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The genus Grevillea (family Proteaceae) comprises over 300 species and is a popular and widely cultivated group of Australian plants. In the last 3 years, numerous potted grevilleas with symptoms of decline associated with a rot of feeder roots were found in ornamental nurseries in Sicily. Aboveground symptoms were reduced growth, yellowing of foliage, wilt, dieback, and death of the entire plant. The disease was observed on many commercial cultivars and was especially severe on G. alpina (mountain grevillea), G. juniperina (juniper-leaf grevillea), G. lavandulacea (lavender grevillea), and G. rosmarinifolia (rosemary grevillea) as well as the hybrid cultivars Clearview David (G. lavandulacea × rosmarinifolia) and Poorinda Rondeau (G. baueri × lavandulacea), while G. lanigera (woolly grevillea) cv. Mount Tamboritha and G. thelemanniana subsp. obtusifolia appeared resistant. A species of Phytophthora was consistently isolated from rotted roots of symptomatic plants using a selective medium (4), and pure cultures were obtained by single-hypha transfers. The species was identified as P. palmivora (E.I. Butler) E.I. Butler on the basis of morphological and cultural characters. On solid media, all isolates produced elliptical to ovoid, papillate sporangia with a mean length/width ratio of 1.8. Sporangia were caducous with a short pedicel (5 μm) and a conspicuous basal plug. All isolates were heterothallic (mating type A1) and produced oogonia and oospores only when paired with A2 mating type reference isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora. Antheridia were amphyginous. Identification was confirmed by electrophoresis of mycelial proteins in polyacrylamide slab gels (1). The electrophoretic patterns of total soluble proteins and six isozymes (alkaline phosphatase, esterase, fumarase, NAD-glucose dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase) of isolates from grevillea were identical to those of a reference isolate of P. palmivora from Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca (2) but distinct from those of reference strains of eight other papillate species of Phytophthora included in Waterhouse's taxonomic group VI. Koch's postulates were fulfilled using 6-month-old rosemary grevillea plants that were transplanted into pots filled with soil that was artificially infested with chlamydospores (50 per gram of soil) produced in submerged cultures (3) by grevillea isolate IMI 390579. Plants were maintained in a glasshouse at 20 to 28°C and watered to field capacity once a week. One month after transplanting, infected plants showed decline symptoms similar to those of naturally infected plants. Control plants grown in pots containing noninfested soil remained healthy. P. palmivora was reisolated from roots of symptomatic plants. It appears that P. palmivora has become a widespread root pathogen in commercial ornamental nurseries in Italy (2). References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. EPPO Bull. 20:47, 1990.D. (2) S. O. Cacciola et al. Plant Dis. 86:327, 2002. (3) J. Y. Kadooka and W. H. Ko. Phytopathology 63:559, 1973. (4) H. Masago et al. Phytopathology 67:425, 1977.
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Davino, S., S. O. Cacciola, A. M. Pennisi, and M. G. Li Destri Nicosia. "Phytophthora palmivora a New Pathogen of Lavender in Italy." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.561c.
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Root rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is considered the most serious disease of lavender in commercial cultivations in Italy. In summer 2001, in the Gela area (Sicily), ≈60% of 34,000 2-year-old landscape shrubs of English lavender (L. angustifolia) grown in a clay loam soil showed symptoms of dieback associated with root rot. Plants had been transplanted from pots in May and watered using a trickle irrigation system. A species of Phytophthora was isolated consistently from roots of symptomatic plants using potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing benomyl, nystatin, pentachloronitrobenzene, rifampicin, ampicillin, and hymexazol. The species was identified as P. palmivora on the basis of morphological and cultural characters. Ten representative single-zoospore isolates were characterized. On agar media, the isolates produced elliptical to ovoid, papillate sporangia, with a mean length/breadth ratio of 1.8. Sporangia, produced on sporangiophores forming simple sympodia (as many as 20 sporangia per sympodium), were caducous with a short pedicel (mean pedicel length = 5 μm) and a conspicuous basal plug. In addition to typical sporangia, all isolates produced sporocysts, i.e., subglobose, nonpapillate sporangia (2). The minimum temperature for mycelium growth on PDA was 10°C, the optimum was 27°C, and the maximum was 35°C. All isolates were A1 mating type. Antheridia were amphyginous. The identification was confirmed by electrophoresis of mycelial proteins on a polyacrylamide slab gel. Electrophoretic banding patterns of total soluble proteins and eight isozymes of the isolates from lavender were identical to those of a reference isolate of P. palmivora from olive (1). Conversely, the electrophoretic phenotype of the isolates from lavender was distinct from those of reference isolates of other species, including P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae, and P. tropicalis. The pathogenicity of a representative isolate of P. palmivora from lavender was tested in the greenhouse using 6-month-old plants of English lavender, Rosea, a commercial cultivar very susceptible to root rot caused by P. nicotianae (3). Inoculum was produced on a mixture of vermiculite and autoclaved oat seeds (4) and mixed with soil (sand/lime/peat 1:1:1) at a concentration of 4% (vol/vol). Plants were transplanted to pots filled with infested soil. Control plants were grown in pots containing noninfested soil. After transplanting, all pots were flooded for 24 h by plugging the drain hole. Three months after transplanting all plants grown in pots containing infested soil showed extensive root necrosis and dieback symptoms. Control plants remained healthy. P. palmivora was recovered from roots of symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report from Italy of P. palmivora on lavender. Root rot caused by P. palmivora may be a potential problem for commercial cultivation of lavender. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. Plant Dis. 84:1153, 2000. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1996. (3) G. Minuto et al. Inf. Fitopatol. 51:69, 2001. (4) E. Sánchez-Hernández et al. Plant Dis. 85:411, 2001.
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Cacciola, S. O., A. Pane, S. Davino, and F. Raudino. "First Report of Phytophthora palmivora on Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca in Italy." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (March 2002): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.327b.
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The genus Coronilla L. (family Fabaceae), which includes several species native to central and southern Europe, such as C. varia L. (axseed or crown-vetch), C. emerus (scorpion senna), and C. valentina L., is used in Italy as a landscape shrub or potted ornamental plant. During the summer of 2001, 80% of approximately 10,000 1-year-old plants of C. valentina subsp. glauca (L.) Batt. used to landscape an industrial area in the Caltanissetta Province (Sicily) showed symptoms of dieback associated with basal stem and root rot. Plants had been transplanted from pots in April and watered using a trickle irrigation system. A species of Phytophthora was isolated consistently from rotted roots and basal stems using BNPRAH selective medium (3). Pure cultures of this fungus were obtained by single-hypha transfers. Ten isolates, each originating from a single plant, were identified as P. palmivora (Butler) Butler on the basis of morphological and cultural characters as described by Erwin and Ribeiro (1). On solid media, including potato dextrose agar, cornmeal agar, and V8-juice agar, all the isolates produced elliptical to ovoid, papillate sporangia with a mean length/breadth ratio of 1.8. Sporangia were caducous with a short pedicel (mean pedicel length = 5 µm) and a conspicuous basal plug. Mating type was determined on V8 agar in dual culture with mating type A1 and A2 of reference isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora. All isolates were heterothallic and produced oogonia and oospores only with reference isolates of the A2 mating type. Antheridia were amphigynous. Electrophoresis of mycelial proteins on polyacrylamide slab gel confirmed that all isolates were pure cultures and belonged to the same species. Koch's postulates were fulfilled using 6-month-old C. valentina subsp. glauca plants that were transplanted into pots filled with soil artificially inoculated with chlamydospores (50 chlamydospores per gram of soil) produced in submerged axenic cultures (2). The plants were maintained in a glasshouse at temperatures ranging from 18 to 28°C, and the pots were watered to field capacity once a week. One month after transplanting, 70% of plants showed dieback symptoms, while control plants, which were grown in pots containing noninoculated soil, remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from roots and basal stems of symptomatic plants. These results demonstrate that P. palmivora is the causal agent of dieback of C. valentina subsp. glauca plants. High temperatures in summer and waterlogging of soil due to excess irrigation water could have enhanced disease development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. palmivora on a species of Coronilla. P. palmivora is an exotic pathogen, but it is becoming widespread in Italy, where it has been reported from various regions on different hosts, including cyclamen, English ivy, palms, Pittosporum, and olive. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society. St Paul, MN, 1996. (2) J. Y Kadooka and W. H. Ko. Phytopathology 63:559, 1973. (3) H. Masago et al. Phytopathology 67:425, 1977.
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Pane, A., C. Allatta, G. Sammarco, and S. O. Cacciola. "First Report of Bud Rot of Canary Island Date Palm Caused by Phytophthora palmivora in Italy." Plant Disease 91, no. 8 (August 2007): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-8-1059a.
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Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis hort. ex Chabaud) is planted as an ornamental in Mediterranean climatic regions of the world. From 2004 to 2006, withering of the spear leaf was observed on screenhouse-grown potted plants of this palm in Sicily (Italy). The first symptom was a dark brown rot that extended from the petiole base of the spear to the adjacent youngest leaves and killed the bud. Dissection of plants revealed a foul-smelling internal rot. After the bud died, external older leaves remained green for months. As much as 10% of plants in a single nursery were affected. A Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from symptomatic plants on BNPRAH selective medium (4). Single zoospore isolates were obtained from the colonies. The species isolated was identified as Phytophthora palmivora (E. J. Butler) E. J. Butler on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (3). On V8 juice agar, the isolates produced elliptical to ovoid, papillate sporangia (33 to 77 × 22 to 38 μm) with a mean length/breadth ratio of 1.8. Sporangia were caducous with a short pedicel (mean pedicel length = 5 μm) and had a conspicuous basal plug. All isolates were heterothallic and produced amphigynous antheridia, oogonia, and oospores when paired with reference isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora of the A2 mating type. The oogonium wall was smooth. Identification was confirmed by electrophoresis of mycelial proteins in polyacrylamide slab gels (1). The electrophoretic patterns of total mycelial proteins and four isozymes (alkaline phosphatase, esterase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase of the isolates) from Phoenix canariensis were identical to those of P. palmivora reference isolates, including four Italian ones, two from pittosporum and olive, respectively, and two (IMI 390579 and 390580) from Grevillea spp. Phoenix canariensis isolates were clearly distinct from those of other heterothallic papillate species including P. capsici, P. citrophthora, P. katsurae, P. nicotianae, and P. tropicalis. Pathogenicity of one isolate from Phoenix canariensis (IMI 395345) was tested on 10 2-year-old potted Canary Island date palm plants. An aqueous 105 zoospores per ml suspension (200 μl) was pipetted onto unwounded petiole bases of the three youngest central leaves of each plant. Sterile water was pipetted onto 10 control plants. All plants were incubated in 100% humidity at 24°C for 48 h and maintained in a greenhouse at 20 to 28°C. Within 3 weeks after inoculation, inoculated plants developed symptoms identical to those observed on plants with natural infections. Control plants remained healthy. P. palmivora was reisolated from symptomatic plants. Phytophthora bud rot is a common palm disease worldwide and Phoenix canariensis is reported as a host (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Phytophthora bud rot on Phoenix canariensis in Italy. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. EPPO Bull. 20:47, 1990. (2) M. L. Elliot et al., eds. Compendium of Ornamental Palm Diseases and Disorders. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2004. (3) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (4) H. Masago et al. Phytopathology, 67:425, 1977.
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ΚΑΡΔΑΡΑΣ, Γεώργιος. "Η πολεµική τέχνη των πρώιµων Σλάβων (ΣΤ΄-Ζ΄ αι.)." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 18 (May 25, 2009): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.932.
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span class="A1"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><font size="3">TH</font></span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt">E ART OF </span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11.5pt">W</span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt">AR OF THE EARLY SLAVS </span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11.5pt">(6</span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt">TH</span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11.5pt">-7</span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt">THC</span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11.5pt">. </span></span><span class="A1"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11.5pt">A. D.)</span></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'"> </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'"> </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">This study deals with the development of warfare among the early Slavs during </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">the 6th and 7th c. A. D. Its main focus is based on the equipment, the tactic, the </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">art of ship building, the use of the horse, the art of siege and the fortifications. The </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">testimony of sources is critically viewed with respect to the above questions, while </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">with regard to the equipment a number of archaeological data is also added. The </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">conclusions reached, attribute to a large degree the development of the early Slav </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">warfare to contacts with nomadic tribes, and the Avars in particular, with whom </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">they conducted common attacks in Byzantine territory. In certain cases, the </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">extensive use of the horse by the Slavs is attested, as against the traditional view </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">that they usually fought as foot soldiers, and the absence of fortifications among </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">the Slavs of the Lower Danube. The use of the Slavic light spear by the Byzantine </p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px 'MgOldTimes UC Pol'">army is also noticed. <span style="font: 12px 'Times New Roman'"> </span></p><div><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12px" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div>
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Cacciola, S. O., D. Spica, D. E. L. Cooke, F. Raudino, and G. Magnano di San Lio. "Wilt and Collapse of Cuphea ignea Caused by Phytophthora tropicalis in Italy." Plant Disease 90, no. 5 (May 2006): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0680a.
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The genus Cuphea (Lythraceae) includes approximately 250 species of annual, evergreen perennials and short shrubs native to Central and South America. During the springs of 2003 and 2004, 10% of the nursery stock of approximately 12,000 potted cigar-flowers (C. ignea A. DC) grown in a screenhouse at a commercial ornamental nursery near Piedimonte Etneo, Sicily, had symptoms of wilt, defoliation, and rapid collapse of the entire plant. These foliar symptoms were associated with a reduced root system, browning of the collar, and dark brown discolored roots. A Phytophthora species was consistently recovered by plating small pieces of rotted roots of symptomatic plants onto selective medium (3); pure cultures were obtained by single-hypha transfers. On potato dextrose-agar (PDA), cardinal temperatures for growth were 10 to 35°C and the optimum was 28 to 30°C. Sporangiophores were umbellate or in a close monoclasial sympodium and mean dimensions of sporangia were 52 × 26 mm, with a mean length/width ratio of 2:1. Sporangia produced on V8 juice agar (VJA) were ellipsoid, fusiform, or limoniform with a tapered base. They were papillate, occasionally bipapillate, caducous, with a long pedicel (as much as 150 μm). All isolates were mating type A1 determined by pairing with A2 reference isolates of P. palmivora (Butl.) Butl. and P. nicotianae Breda de Haan. Oogonia with amphigynous antheridia were formed on VJA after 10 to 15 days at 24°C in the dark. Occasionally, 10 of 15 isolates formed small chlamydospores on VJA. Electrophoretic patterns of total mycelial proteins and four isozymes (acid and alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and malate dehydrogenase) on polyacrylamide slab gels (3) of all Cuphea isolates were very similar to those of reference isolates of P. tropicalis M. Aragaki & J. Y. Uchida from Convolvulus cneorum L. (IMI 391714) and Rhamnus alaternus L., respectively. In addition, the Cuphea isolates were clearly distinct from reference isolates of other species including P. capsici Leon., P. citricola Sawada, P. citrophthora (R. E. Smith & E. H. Smith) Leon., P. nicotianae, and P. palmivora. On the basis of morphological cultural characters and the electrophoretic phenotype, the isolates were identified as P. tropicalis. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA sequences (2) confirmed the identification. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by testing three cigar-flower isolates, including isolate IMI 391709, on 10 6-month-old potted cuttings of Cuphea inoculated by applying a 10-ml zoospore suspension (2 × 104 zoospores/ml) to the crowns, incubated for 24 h at 100% relative humidity, and maintained in the greenhouse at 20 to 24°C. After 10 days, crowns and stems were brown and all plants wilted within 20 days. Ten control plants treated with water remained healthy. P. tropicalis was reisolated from infected tissues. The test was repeated with similar results. In Europe, P. tropicalis has been reported on Cyclamen persicum Mill. in Germany (4) and C. cneorum and R. alaternus in Italy (1), indicating a broad host range and spreading in ornamental nurseries. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. Boll. Acc. Gioenia Sci. Nat. 31:57, 1999. (2) S. O. Cacciola et al. For. Snow Landsc. Res. 76:387, 2001. (3) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Pages 39–41, 138–139 in: Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN. 1996. (4) W. W. P. Gerlach and A. Schubert. Plant Dis. 85:334, 2001.
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Cacciola, S. O., G. E. Agosteo, and G. Magnano di San Lio. "Collar and Root Rot of Olive Trees Caused by Phytophthora megasperma in Sicily." Plant Disease 85, no. 1 (January 2001): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.1.96a.
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Olive (Olea europea L.) is grown on about 154,000 ha in Sicily (southern Italy). In the summer of 1999, a few 3-year-old olive trees with decline symptoms were observed in a recently planted commercial orchard in the Enna province (Sicily). The trees were propagated on wild olive (O. europea L. var. sylvestris Brot.) rootstock. Aerial symptoms, consisting of leaf chlorosis, wilting, defoliation, and twig dieback followed in most cases by plant death, were associated with root rot and basal stem cankers. A Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated from rotted rootlets and trunk cankers using the BNPRAH (benomyl, nystatin, pentachloronitrobenzene, rifampicin, ampicillin, and hymexazol) selective medium. Pure cultures were obtained by single-hypha transfers. The species isolated from symptomatic olive trees was identified as P. megasperma Drechsler on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. All isolates were homothallic, with paragynous antheridia. The diameter of oospores varied from 28 to 42 μm (mean ± SE = 36.3 ± 0.4) when they were produced on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and from 30 to 43 μm (mean ± SE = 37.8 ± 0.4) when they were produced in saline solution. Sporangia were non-papillate. Optimum and maximum temperatures for radial growth of the colonies on PDA were 25 and 30°C, respectively. At 25°C, radial growth rate was about 6 mm per day. The identification was confirmed by the electrophoresis of mycelial proteins on a polyacrylamide slab gel. The electrophoretic banding patterns of total soluble proteins and three isozymes (esterase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase) of the isolate from olive were identical to those of two isolates of P. megasperma obtained from cherry and from carrot in Italy and characterized previously (1). Conversely, they were clearly distinct from the electrophoretic patterns of four isolates of P. megasperma var. sojae Hildebr. from soybean (= P. sojae Kauf. & Ger.), from those of three isolates from asparagus tentatively identified as P. megasperma sensu lato (1) and from those of reference isolates of various species producing non-papillate sporangia, including P. cambivora (Petri) Buisman, P. cinnamomi Rands, P. cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., P. drechsleri Tucker, and P. erythroseptica Pethybr. Pathogenicity of the isolate from olive was tested in the greenhouse at 18 to 25°C using 18-month-old rooted cuttings of olive cv. Biancolilla. Cuttings were inoculated on the lower stem by inserting a 3-mm plug taken from actively growing colonies on PDA into an incision made with a sterile scalpel. The wound was sealed with waterproof tape. Agar plugs with no mycelium were placed into the stem of cuttings used as a control. The bark was stripped and lesion areas were traced and measured 60 days after inoculation. The isolate from olive produced a brown necrotic lesion (mean size = 500 mm2) around the inoculation wound and was reisolated from the lesion. Conversely, the wound healed up on control plants. P. megasperma has previously been recognized as a pathogen of olive in Greece and Spain (3). However, this is the first report of P. megasperma causing root and collar rot of olive in Italy. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. Inf. Fitopatol. 46:33, 1996. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro, 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (3) M. E. Sánchez-Hernádez et al. Plant Dis. 81:1216, 1997.
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Golik, Vladimir I., Iurii I. Razorenov, Vladimir S. Vagin, and Vasilii I. Liashenko. "Study and development of hardening mixture composition based on unconventional industrial waste." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-3-13-27.
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Relevance. Phosphogypsum, the product of apatites chemical processing, is one of the most common mining wastes. Phosphogypsum utilization is not widespread yet, therefore its cost is low. Integrated research has been carried out to determine the technological capacity and economic feasibility of phosphogypsum, sludge, and dolomite utilization as binders in the conversion of ore production techniques. Research aim is to develop a hardening mixture composition based on unconventional industrial waste, determine the technological capacity and economic feasibility of utilizing phosphogypsum, sludge, dolomite, and other accessible low activity wastes as a substitute for expensive and relatively scarce binder material. Research methodology. Initial data are studied of the wastes possessing binding properties. The efficiency of admixing them is determined from the robustness of hardening backfill mixtures control samples that have been produced in laboratory conditions. Based on the research, a database is created to apply the results in practice for mining development. Results. The hardening materials compositions were obtained based on unconventional industrial waste including hydrometallurgical and dressing tailings, furnace clinker, low-grade sand, thermal power plants (TPP) and chemical industry ashes. The optimal composition of the mixture per cubic meter: tailings – 600–750 kg; TPP ash – 180–220 kg; cement dust – 250–315 kg; cement – 35–40 kg; tempering water – 450–515 l under the mixture’s fluidity of about 14 cm according to the readings of the mortar consistency measuring device (StroyTsNIL cone). To ensure radiation safety of the hardening mixture that is based on unconventional industrial waste, it is advisable to take into account not only their chemical and physical-mechanical indicators but the value of naturally radioactive nuclides’ effective activity as well. Conclusions. It has been stated that the robustness of mixtures containing gypsum is 1.5–2.0 times higher, and under the hardening time of 3, 6 and 12 months makes up 3.1; 5.7 and 7.6 MPa correspondingly. It has been shown that the compositions with the binder’s flow rate of 450 kg per cubic meter under the cement : sludge ratio of 1 : 2 show the robustness from 2.8 to 4.9 MPa in 28 days. The content of low-grade sand levigate particles reaches 20% and more. Classes with a specific area of 28.4 m2/kg refer to fine sand, and with a specific area of 27.7 m2/kg refer to medium sand. The robustness of the 28 days old composition reaches 0.5 MPa, 90 days – 0.9 MPa depending on the cement flow rate. It has been substantiated that binders based on fluorine gypsum, phosphogypsum, and belite sludge by mixed grinding of the granulated 26 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 3. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 blast-furnace slug with the ferrochrome sludge and phosphogypsum up to 70%, 0.08 mm size, show the robustness of the binder up to 3.0 MPa with the flow rate of 450 kg per a cubic meter of the mixture. Keywords: industrial waste; hardening mixture; binder; PPT ash; ash and slag; cement; fluorine gypsum; phosphogypsum; non-reactive aggregate; belite sludge; naturally radioactive nuclides. Acknowledgements. Specialists from Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk, Russia), Ukrainian Research and Design Institute of Industrial Technology (Zhovti Vody, Ukraine), Vostochnyy (Eastern) Mining and Enrichment Combine (Zhovti Vody, Ukraine), Dnipro University of Technology (Dnipro, Ukraine) and others took part in creating, improving, and introducing R&D.
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Meiler, Steffen E., Marlene Wade, Laure Moutouh de Parseval, Laura G. Corral, Paul S. Swerdlow, Ferdane Kutlar, and Abdullah Kutlar. "Pomalidomide Modifies Sickle Cell Related Organ Damage in Transgenic Mice with Sickle Cell Anemia." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.904.904.
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Abstract Abstract 904 Introduction: We previously reported that Pomalidomide (PL), a novel thalidomide-derived immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), is capable of enhancing erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in a knockout-transgenic (KT) mouse model of sickle cell anemia (SCA). In addition to these hematological properties, PL is known to modulate specific effector functions of the innate and adaptive immune system. PL and other IMiDs potently inhibit the output of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in activated monocytes/macrophages, whereas their ability to promote T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocyte differentiation and co-stimulation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes can lead to increased TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ secretion in both cell culture and human subjects. SCA is an inflammatory disease. It is therefore conceivable that PL could diminish disease severity in SCA by targeting vascular endothelial and innate immune cell activation, whereas preferential induction of a Th1-biased lymphocyte program could have unwanted effects. To test these possibilities in SCA, we evaluated PL's immunomodulatory activities in a relevant KT mouse model. Methods: Animals. Six week old KT homozygous sickle mice were treated daily (Mon-Fri; i.p. injections) for eight weeks with Vehicle (n=8) or PL (10 mg/kg; n=9). Mice were maintained in an accredited pathogen-free animal facility according to NIH and institutional guidelines. Mice were anesthetized with Ketamine/Xylazine and blood collected by intracardiac puncture into 0.5 ml vacutainer EDTA tubes (Becton-Dickinson). Soluble plasma adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sE-Selectin) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF, and GM-CSF) were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems and SABiosciences). Organ analysis. We focused our analysis on the liver of KT mice because this organ manifests severe sickle cell-related pathology. Livers were removed and divided for H&E paraffin sections, immunohistochemistry, and RNA analysis (storage at -80°C). The area of liver ischemic infarcts (ALI) was measured on H&E tissue sections using an image processing program (Image J, NIH) and averaged from four randomly selected low power optical fields (5x) / animal. Whole liver RNA was pooled from PL animals with low ALI scores (n=2) and vehicle animals (n=3) using Trizol followed by RNeasy column purification. RNA was submitted to SABioscience for analysis using the 440 gene Inflammatory Response and Autoimmunity GEArray. Statistical analysis. One-Way ANOVA/Student-Newman-Kuels and Kruskal-Wallis One-Way ANOVA/Dunn's Method (Sigma Stat). Data are reported as the mean ± SE. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The peritoneal cavity of all animals was free of adhesions, exudates and drug, suggesting that daily i.p. injections did not inflame the peritoneal membranes and resulted in complete absorption of the active compound. PL significantly reduced the level of the endothelial cell marker of inflammation, sVCAM-1 (sVCAM-1[ng/ml]: Veh: 1202±36; PL: 962±48; P<0.01), but did not affect sICAM-1 or sE-Selectin. Plasma cytokines in vehicle animals were measured at the assay's lower limit of detection and were not significantly modified by PL, suggesting that PL did not induce overt activation of the TH1 lymphocyte program. Liver histology in vehicle controls revealed scattered tissue infarcts surrounded by a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate (macrophages [F4/80+], T-lymphocytes [CD3+]). PL reduced the ALI by 60 % (ALI [mm2/LPF: Veh: 0.30±0.05; PL: 0.12±0.06; P=0.01). The ALI score of eight out of nine PL mice was lower than the lowest score in the vehicle group (89% responder rate). Gene array data were consistent with decreased organ inflammation (serum amyloid A2 [-3.57 fold]), modifications in antigen presentation (CD74 [-2.12 fold]), inhibition of T-cell signaling (SLAP-2 [+5.68 fold]; SLP-76 [-1.92 fold]), and reduced T-cell migration (MIP-3β [-2.56 fold]). Tissue protection in the PL group did not correlate with HbF expression, total WBC count, or any other hematological variable. Summary & Conclusions: Pomalidomide modulates vascular and tissue markers of inflammation and protects from sickle cell-induced organ damage in a HbF-independent manner. These data suggest that PL, in addition to its HbF-inducing properties, may exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in SCA. Disclosures: Meiler: Celgene: Research Funding. Wade:Celgene: Research Funding. Moutouh de Parseval:Celgene: Employment. Corral:Celgene: Employment. Swerdlow:Celgene: Research Funding. Kutlar:Celgene: Research Funding.
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Abro, Emad Uddin, Soi C. Law, Colm Keane, Simone Birch, Muhammed Bilal Sabdia, Joshua W. D. Tobin, Peter Johnson, et al. "A Critical Role for Intratumoral and Circulating LAG3 in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Analysis from the Rathl Prospective Phase III International Clinical Trial." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112008.
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Abstract In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) the tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched in T cells that modulate antitumor immunity. PD1 blockade partially restores anti-tumoral T cell function, to induce impressive responses in a proportion of patients with relapsed/refractory CHL (Chen et al JCO 2017). Further characterisation of T cell immune evasion mechanisms in CHL will permit the rational development of enhanced immunotherapeutic strategies. Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a cell surface molecule known to be expressed on a subset of immune effector T cells and intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) in solid-organ tumors, with combination PD1/LAG3 mAb blockade showing early promise (Ascierto et al 2017 JCO abst 9520). In contrast, data in haematological malignancies is limited, although it is known that LAG3+ T cells suppress anti-tumoral immunity in CHL and B-CLL (Gandhi et al Blood 2006; Shapiro et al Haematologica 2017). Interestingly, in B-CLL LAG3 is found on both T cells and malignant B cells. Whether Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells express LAG3 is unknown. To characterise in detail intratumoral and circulating LAG3 in CHL we used a conventional discovery / validation approach. The local institutional discovery cohort was drawn from Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane (Australia), and validated in samples from the prospective randomised phase III international "RATHL" trial (Johnson et al NEJM 2016). Firstly, LAG3 gene expression (GEP) was digitally quantified by NanoString in FFPE tissues in the discovery cohort and compared to normal control nodes and DLBCL tissues. Normalised LAG3 mRNA counts were 5-10-fold higher in CHL than in controls (P < 0.001) and 3-5-fold higher than in DLBCL (P < 0.001), whereas PD1 and TIM3 mRNA counts did not differ. In CHL samples LAG3 mRNA counts were markedly increased compared to PD-1 axis molecules and TIM3 (P < 0.001) (Figure 1a). Higher levels of LAG3 mRNA counts were correlated with infiltration by T cells (CD4 r = 0.55; P < 0.00001; CD8 r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), and macrophages (CD68 r = 0.45; P = 0.002). Findings were replicated in the RATHL cohort. Next, intratumoral LAG3 cellular distribution was established. Flow cytometry was used to quantify LAG3 in T cell subsets and CD30+CD3- HRS cells in 6 de-aggregated freshly frozen CHL nodes (TILs). LAG3 was evenly distributed between CD8+ T cells, CD127LOCD25HI natural-Tregs (nTregs) and CD127LOCD25LO induced-Tregs (iTregs), but with minimal expression on CD4 non-Tregs, with the latter constituting the majority of intratumoral T cells. LAG3+ T cells typically co-expressed PD1 and/or TIM3. LAG3 was expressed on CD30+CD3+ cells but not on CD30+CD3- cells, consistent with LAG3 expression on activated T cells. Multispectral immunofluorescence (mIF) image analysis confirmed these findings in histological tumor samples (Figure 1b). Also, there was negligible expression of LAG3 on HRS-lines. Finally, the potential role of soluble LAG3 (sLAG3) as a rapid-turnaround circulating biomarker applicable to the routine diagnostic laboratory, was assessed in serum samples using the MSD R-PLEX assay. In the discovery cohort sLAG3 was 3-4-fold increased at pre-therapy compared to controls and 3-6M post-therapy serum (P = 0.001). Results from pre-therapy RATHL serum samples were similar (P < 0.05). Notably in RATHL samples at interim restaging after 2 ABVD cycles sLAG3 had reduced by ~5-fold compared to pre-therapy (P < 0.0001) in patients with PET/CT responsive disease (Figures 1 c + d). Twelve months post therapy sLAG remained significantly lower than pre-therapy (P < 0.05) and was equivalent to control samples. Pre-therapy serum sLAG3 demonstrated a modest correlation with tissue LAG3 mRNA counts (r = 0.45; P = 0.02). In conclusion in CHL, LAG3 mRNA expression was markedly increased relative to control and DLBCL tissues. Within CHL tissues LAG3 mRNA was markedly increased compared to other immune checkpoint molecules. Interrogation of the TME using flow cytometry of TILs and mIF demonstrated LAG3 is evenly distributed between CD8+, nTregs and iTRreg. In tumor samples we did not find evidence of LAG3 expression on HRS cells. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate sLAG3 as a cell free circulating disease response biomarker in CHL. Taken together these findings provide a convincing rationale for further exploration of single and/or combined checkpoint blockade incorporating LAG3 inhibition to treat CHL. Disclosures Abro: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Other: education support congress attendance; Celgene: Other: education support congress attendance; Novartis: Consultancy; Amgen: Other: education support congress attendance. Keane:BMS: Research Funding; Roche: Other: Education Support, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Other: Educational Meeting; Merck: Consultancy. Birch:Medadvance: Equity Ownership. Tobin:Amgen: Other: Educational Travel; Celgene: Research Funding. Johnson:Kite: Consultancy; Celgene: Honoraria; Eisai: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy; Takeda: Honoraria, Travel, accommodations, expenses; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genmab: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Zenyaku Kogyo: Other: Travel, accommodations, expenses; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Boeringher Ingelheim: Consultancy; Epizyme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Trotman:F. Hoffman-La Roche: Other: Travel to meeting, Unremunerated member of Ad Board, Research Funding; PCYC: Research Funding; Janssen: Other: Unremunerated member of Ad Board, Research Funding; Takeda: Other: Unremunerated member of Ad Board; Celgene: Other: Unremunerated member of Ad Board, Research Funding; Beigene: Research Funding. Bird:Amgen, Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Gill:Janssen: Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES, Speakers Bureau. Gandhi:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.
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Barak, Tanyeri, Adife Gulhan Ercan Sencicek, Danielle F. Miyagishima, Octavian Henegariu, Ketu Mishra Gorur, Kaya Bilguvar, and Murat Gunel. "Identification of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerase-Like 4 as a Disease Causing Gene in Intracranial Aneurysms and its Role in Vertebrate CNS Specific Angiogenesis." Neurosurgery 66, Supplement_1 (August 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz310_303.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a significant health burden affecting nearly 6 million people in the United States with an estimated prevalence of 3.2% worldwide. Using whole exome sequencing (WES) of 728 European IA cases, we identified damaging mutations in and RNA binding protein peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like 4 (PPIL4) in both familial and sporadic IA cases. METHODS We performed WES in 728 European IA cases followed by a mutational burden analysis between IA cases and a European (Finnish + Non-Finnish) control group of 1443 unaffected individuals, and European subjects (non-Finnish + Finnish) in the ExAC and gnomAD databases. Fisher exact test was used to determine the significance of the enrichment of rare (ExAC MAF <0.0001) and deleterious variants consisting of loss of function and deleterious missense mutations (MetSVM-D). Mutant ppil4 lines were generated using Crispr-CAS9 in zebrafish and X.tropicalis. RNA-seq and Slam-Seq were performed to identify transcriptome-wide changes in RNA half-life mediated by PPIL4. RESULTS Burden analysis revealed a significant enrichment of rare and deleterious PPIL4 variants in European IA cases when compared to 1443 controls (OR = INF., Fisher P = 3.17 × 10–4), ExAC (OR = 12.26, Fisher P = 5 × 10–4) or gnomAD (OR = 13.14, Fisher P = 3.4 × 10–4). PPIL4 mutants both in zebrafish and X.tropicalis models displayed cerebral hemorrhage and cerebrovascular simplification. Slam-seq analysis revealed that PPIL4 promotes mRNA stability of the genes implicated in VEGF signaling (FDR = 3.75E-07) and Focal adhesion pathways (FDR = 2.04E-06). CONCLUSION In this study, we identified PPIL4 as a candidate gene in IA pathogenesis and demonstrated morphological and hemodynamic impairment in vivo upon abrogating PPIL4 in 2 vertebrate models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PPIL4 plays a major role in CNS angiogenesis and IA pathogenesis through promoting mRNA stability of key angiogenesis related genes, emphasizing the role of post-transcriptional RNA modification in cerebrovascular development and pathologies.
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Mathanlal, Thasshwin, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Abhilash Vakkada Ramachandran, María-Paz Zorzano, Javier Martín-Torres, and Charles S. Cockell. "Subsurface robotic exploration for geomorphology, astrobiology and mining during MINAR6 campaign, Boulby Mine, UK: part II (Results and Discussion)." International Journal of Astrobiology, January 7, 2021, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550420000385.
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Abstract Geomorphological studies of the hidden and protected subsurface environments are crucial to obtain a greater insight into the evolution of planetary landforms, hydrology, climate, geology and mineralogy. From an astrobiological point of view subsurface environments are of interest for their potential habitability as they are local environments that are partially or fully shielded from the high levels of space and solar radiation. Furthermore, in the case of Mars, there is an increasing interest in searching for the presence of past or extant life in its subsurface. These applications make it mandatory to investigate equipment and instrumentation that allow for the study of subsurface geomorphology, as well as organic chemical biomarkers, such as biomolecules, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopes, and other biologically significant minerals and gases. Mines on Earth can be used as analogues to investigate the geomorphology of Martian subsurface environments and perform astrobiology studies. With that goal, we have developed a low-cost, robust, remotely operable subsurface rover called KORE (KOmpact Rover for Exploration). This work illustrates the studies of a terrestrial analogue for the exploration of Mars using KORE during the Mine Analogue Research 6 (MINAR 6) campaign with the low-cost 3D mapping technology InXSpace 3D (In situ 3D mapping tool eXploration of space 3D). InXSpace 3D utilizes an RGB-D camera that captures depth information in addition to the RGB data of an image, operating based on the structured light principle capable of providing depth information in mm scale resolution at sub 3 m mapping range. InXSpace 3D is used to capture point clouds of natural and artificial features, thereby obtaining information about geologically relevant structures and also to incorporate them in earth mining safety. We tested two of the dense simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms: Kintinuous and Real-Time Appearance-Based Mapping (RTAB-Map) to check the performance of InXSpace 3D in a dark mine environment. Also, the air accumulation of volatiles such as methane and formaldehyde due to thermogenic and mining process was measured with the environmental station payload on the rover platform, which caters to both astrobiological significance and mine safety. The main conclusions of this work are: (1) a comparison made between the RTAB-Map algorithm and Kintinuous algorithm showed the superiority of Kintinuous algorithm in providing better 3D reconstruction; although RTAB-Map algorithm captured more points than the Kintinuous algorithm in the dark mine environment; (2) a comparison of point cloud images captured with and without lighting conditions had a negligible effect on the surface density of the point clouds; (3) close-range imaging of the polygonal features occurring on the halite walls using InXSpace 3D provided mm-scale resolution to enable further characterization; (4) heuristic algorithms to quickly post-process the 3D point cloud data provided encouraging results for preliminary analyses; (5) we successfully demonstrated the application of KORE to mine safety; and (6) the multi-sensors platform on KORE successfully monitored the accumulated volatiles in the mine atmosphere during its operation. The findings obtained during this KORE campaign could be incorporated in designing and planning future subsurface rover explorations to potential planetary bodies such as Mars with synergistic applications to subsurface environments in mines on Earth.
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Nubile, Mario, Niccolò Salgari, Jodhbir S. Mehta, Roberta Calienno, Emanuele Erroi, Jessica Bondì, Manuela Lanzini, Yu-Chi Liu, and Leonardo Mastropasqua. "Epithelial and stromal remodelling following femtosecond laser–assisted stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (SLAK) for keratoconus." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81626-5.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate corneal epithelium and stromal remodelling with anterior segment optical coherence tomography in patients who have undergone stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (SLAK) for advanced keratoconus. This was a prospective non-comparative observational study. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with advanced keratoconus underwent implantation with a cadaveric, donor negative meniscus-shaped intrastromal lenticule, produced with a femtosecond laser, into a stromal pocket dissected in the recipient cornea at a depth of 120 μm. Simulated keratometry, central corneal thickness (CTT), corneal thinnest point (CTP), central epithelial thickness (CET), central and peripheral lenticule thickness, anterior and posterior stromal thickness were measured. Regional central corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and variations in the inner annular area (IAT) and outer annular area (OAT) were also analysed. All parameters were measured preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The average anterior Sim-k decreased from 59.63 ± 7.58 preoperatively to 57.19 ± 6.33 D 6 months postoperatively. CCT, CTP, CET, and OAT increased and IAT decreased significantly after 1 month. All parameters appeared unchanged at 6-months except that of OAT that further increased. Lenticule thickness was stable. In conclusion we observed that SLAK reshapes the cornea by central flattening with stromal thickening and epithelial thickness restoration.
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"Migration of Chromium Through Black Cotton Soil Amended with Ground Granular Blast Furnace Slag." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 8197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d8871.118419.
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The aim of this work is to assess the suitability the locally available black cotton soil amended with industrial waste material such as blast furnace slag in the context of using them as liner materials. The black cotton soil (BCS) and Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) are mixed in three ratios, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 and hydraulic conductivity of these mixtures have been tested using falling head method. The hydraulic conductivity of soil with 30% GGBS is the lowest and satisfies the hydraulic conductivity criteria of 10-7 cm/s or less for liner application. Soil column tests are conducted to determine the transport parameters of chromium through the optimized soil mixture. The transport parameters of chromium through optimized mixture was found to be diffusion coefficient D = 3.9x10-6 cm2/s and retardation factor R = 4.964. BCS with 30% GGBS mixture with a hydraulic gradient of 0.3 and can be used as liner to contain chromium ion as it gives a breakthrough time of more than 100 years for a liner thickness of 1m.
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Rahimi, S. A., B. Hashemi, and S. R. Mahdavi. "Estimation of Dosimetric Parameters based on KNR and KNCSF Correction Factors for Small Field Radiation Therapy at 6 and 18 MV Linac Energies using Monte Carlo Simulation Methods." Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering 9, no. 1Feb (January 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v9i1feb.414.
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Background: Estimating dosimetric parameters for small fields under non-reference conditions leads to significant errors if done based on conventional protocols used for large fields in reference conditions. Hence, further correction factors have been introduced to take into account the influence of spectral quality changes when various detectors are used in non-reference conditions at different depths and field sizes.Objective: Determining correction factors (KNR and KNCSF) recommended recently for small field dosimetry formalism by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) for different detectors at 6 and 18 MV photon beams.Methods: EGSnrc Monte Carlo code was used to calculate the doses measured with different detectors located in a slab phantom and the recommended KNR and KNCSF correction factors for various circular small field sizes ranging from 5-30 mm diameters. KNR and KNCSF correction factors were determined for different active detectors (a pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes) in a homogeneous phantom irradiated to 6 and 18 MV photon beams of a Varian linac (2100C/D).Results: KNR correction factor estimated for the highest small circular field size of 30 mm diameter for the pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes were 0.993, 1.020 and 1.054; and 0.992, 1.054 and 1.005 for the 6 and 18 MV beams, respectively. The KNCSF correction factor estimated for the lowest circular field size of 5 mm for the pinpoint chamber, EDP-20 and EDP-10 diodes were 0.994, 1.023, and 1.040; and 1.000, 1.014, and 1.022 for the 6 and 18 MV photon beams, respectively.Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained for the detectors used in this study reveals that the unshielded diodes (EDP-20 and EDP-10) can confidently be recommended for small field dosimetry as their correction factors (KNR and KNCSF) was close to 1.0 for all small field sizes investigated and are mainly independent from the electron beam spot size.
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Eberhart-Phillips, Donna, Susan Ellis, Federica Lanza, and Stephen Bannister. "Heterogeneous material properties – as inferred from seismic attenuation - influenced multiple fault rupture and ductile creep of the Kaikoura Mw 7.8 earthquake, New Zealand." Geophysical Journal International, July 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab272.
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Summary The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake occurred along the eastern margin of the transition region between active subduction in the North Island and oblique collision in the South Island. To infer crustal properties, we imaged Q (1/seismic attenuation) by combining selected M>3.5 aftershocks with data from previous Q models. For 158 distributed aftershocks, we fit spectral decay on temporary stations and all Geonet stations, providing 6194 t*p and 19,497 t*s. Considering the varied rheology and faults, we also used 2.5-D numerical models to study ductile strain development. The complex earthquake ruptured an ∼180-km long zone of multiple faults, which involved jumping around the complicated eastern end of the Hope fault, without significant slip on the Hope fault. The Qs and Qp results show features in the upper and lower crust which correlate to the distribution and types of fault rupture. This earthquake involved numerous faults over a region of greywacke crust, where the underlying high Q Cretaceous slab is about 30-km depth. It initiated with ∼5-m slip on the Humps fault in a region of background seismicity and low Q lower crust, adjacent to the Hope fault. The central region near Kaikoura shows a high Q crustal block, which appears to have inhibited rupture; as the rupture progressed over several small faults to jump offshore of the apparently strong block. Underlying the Kaikoura greywacke crust, below 20-km depth, there is a 40-km long region of increased Vp, Qs and gravity, which likely represents an intraplate plutonic complex emplaced into the Hikurangi Plateau, forming an elevated section which influences deformation. In the northern section, in a region with relatively uniform moderate to low Q, the earthquake evolved into the relatively continuous ∼80-km long major rupture along the Jordan, Kekerengu and Needles faults, with ∼6-20 m dextral slip at depth and surface displacements of ∼10 m dextral and ∼2 m vertical. The northern progression of the rupture stopped when it approached an abrupt change to high Q crust across Cook Strait. At 20-30-km depth northwest of the rupture, deeper zones with low Q are consistent with regions of distributed ductile shear and creep where the observed afterslip may have occurred, where the underlying slab is 25–40 km deep. The numerical model shows that ductile deformation localises in this area of lower crust above the relatively strong slab, connecting outer faults (Kekerengu) to inland faults (Clarence, Awatere, Wairau), and demonstrates that no subduction thrust is required under the Marlborough region.
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M, Navitha, Jitendra Nigam, Silambarasan N S, Piyush Kumar, and Pavan Kumar. "COMPARISON OF ELECTRON BEAM TRANSMISSION OF DIFFERENT ENERGIES WITH TWO DIFFERENT BLOCK MATERIALS AT DIFFERENT PLACEMENT POSITIONS WITHIN THE APPLICATOR." SRMS Journal of Medical Science 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21761/jms.v1i2.7126.
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INTRODUCTION: Superficial tumors are treated with electron beams. Shielding blocks are used to conform to the shape of the tumor. These shielding blocks are usually kept at lower level of the applicator which is near the skin surface. The scattering property of electron may increase the surface dose which will increase with increasing electron energies. The purpose of this study is to compare electron beam transmission of different energies with two different block materials at different placement positions within the applicator. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cerrobend alloy (50%bismuth, 26.7%lead, 13.3%tin and 10%cadmium) and 1mm thick lead sheets (94%lead, 6%alloy) in Varian Clinac2300C/D linear accelerator with electron energies 6,9,12,16 and 20MeVs using 10x10 applicator at 3 different holding levels was used. Measurements with RW3 Slab phantom (Water equivalent), PPC05 Parallel Plane Chamber, Dose 1 electrometer was done. The slab phantom 30x30x10 cm3 aligned with PPC05 Parallel Plane Chamber (at R85 of respective energies). Readings measured for open and block fields, for different thickness of shielding material, at different placement positions within the applicator. The percentage transmission calculated manually. RESULTS: Using electron energies 6,9,12,16, and 20MeVs respectively the transmission% were: with lead sheet 1mm thickness-2.48%,8.69%,16.05%, 28.03% and 39.50% at lower placement position, 1.19%,3.76%,7.75%,15% and 23.99% at centre placement and 0.96%,3.02%,6.15% and 20.27% for upper placement; with 2mm thickness-0.89%,1.62%,3.66%, 8.95% and 16.35% at lower level, 0.60%,1.28%,2.54%,5.74% and 10.72% at centre level and 0.57%,0.94%, 2.12%,4.85% and 9.22% at upper level; with 3mm thickness-0.80%,1.53%,2.88%,5.29% and 9.42% at lower position, 0.52%,1.25%,2.06%,4.03% and 7.36% at centre position and 0.51%, 0.90%,1.78%,3.66% and 6.43% at upper position; with 4mm thickness- 0.75%,1.40%, 2.71%,4.81% and 7.76% at lower level, 0.50%,1.18%,1.95%,3.68% and 6.31% at center level and 0.51%,0.80%, 1.70%,3.34% and 5.65% at upper level; with 5mm thickness-0.73%, 1.30%,2.57%,4.56% and 7.20% at lower level, 0.45%,1.06%,1.81%,3.48% and 5.68% at center level and 0.47%,0.79%,1.61%,3.13% and 5.24% at upper level. For Cerrobend material 5mm thickness, the transmission at lower level are 0.79%,1.50%,2.98%,5.58% and 10.39%, at center level are 0.52%,0.99%,2.09%,4.12% and 7.67% and at upper level are 0.49%,0.91%, 1.82%,3.75% and 6.90% for the energies 6,9,12,16 and 20 MeV’s respectively. CONCLUSION: There is not much difference in the transmission values at centre and upper levels so as to keep nearer the skin, the centre position in electron applicator may be optimum. Lead sheets can be used since easy to prepare especially for rectangular or square shapes.