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1
Ślósarek, G., M. Kozak, J. Gierszewski, and A. Pietraszko. "Structure of N 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) dihydrogenphosphate." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 1 (January 17, 2006): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876810502673x.
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The crystal structure of kinetin dihydrogenphosphate has been determined at 115 and 293 K. Kinetin dihydrogenphosphate undergoes a polymorphic phase transition at 291.1 K. In both phases the crystal belongs to the triclinic system with the symmetry described by the space group P\bar 1. In the low-temperature phase, the unit cell is doubled along the a axis. There is a dynamic equilibrium between different tautomeric forms of the adenine residue, determined by the distribution of H atoms within the network of hydrogen bonds.
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Cabras, M. A., and M. A. Zoroddu. "Metal Complexes of Phytohormones. Part I. Copper(II) complexes of 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin)." Inorganica Chimica Acta 136, no. 1 (April 1987): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85556-5.
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Schuster, Gottfried, and Sylvia Huber. "Kinetin ( 6 Furfurylaminopurine) Inhibits the Replication Cycle of Potato Virus X at a Distinct Event." Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 186, no. 5-6 (January 1990): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-3796(11)80241-6.
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Krogstrup, P. "Embryolike structures from cotyledons and ripe embryos of Norway spruce (Piceaabies)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-116.
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Embryos from imbibed ripe seeds and cotyledon expiants of 7-day-old Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings produced the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium, a whitish, glossy callus was induced consisting of translucent cells embedded in a mucilaginous cloudy matrix. This embryogenic callus formed on the surface of explants treated first with N-6-benzyladenine followed by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) + N-6-benzyladenine. Transfer of this callus to media lacking growth regulators resulted in the formation of numerous bipolar embryoids with suspensorlike structures. These embryoids strongly resembled repressed embryos in polyembryonic seeds.
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Upadhyaya, Abba, Tim D. Davis, Daksha Sankhla, and N. Sankhla. "Micropropagation of Lupinus texensis from Cotyledonary Node Explants." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1222.
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Both kinetin and BA promoted in vitro shoot formation from hypocotyl explants of Lupinus texensis Hook. placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. With either cytokinin, shoot formation was best at ≈4.5 μm. Adventitious root formation was observed only on tissue culture-derived shoots placed in MS media containing 5.4 to 54 μM NAA. IAA and IBA, at concentrations ranging from 5 to 55 μm, failed to stimulate rooting. Even at the optimal concentration of NAA, only 14% of the shoots produced roots. Thus, although hypocotyl explants readily produced shoots, adventitious root formation on these shoots occurred with relatively low frequency. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopnrine (BA); indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
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Iriondo, José M., Carmen Moreno, and César Pérez. "Micropropagation of Six Rockrose (Cistus) Species." HortScience 30, no. 5 (August 1995): 1080–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.5.1080.
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Micropropagation methods for six rockrose species (Cistus albidus L., C. clusii Dunal, C. ladanifer L., C. laurifolius L., C. psilosepalus L., and C. salvifolius L.) were established. Cultures, initiated from nodal segments of seedlings, were grown on MS medium, alone, or supplemented with 0.88 μm BAP or 0.93 μm Kin. Multiple shoot formation was obtained after the first subculture (30 days) from which new nodal segments were taken and grown on the same culture medium to maintain proliferation. Shoots obtained at the third subculture were rooted alone or supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The plantlets of the six species, thereby obtained, were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin).
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Pavlovic, Suzana, Branka Vinterhalter, Nevena Mitic, S. Adzic, N. Pavlovic, M. Zdravkovic, and D. Vinterhalter. "In vitro shoot regeneration from seedling explants in Brassica vegetables: Red cabbage, broccoli, Savoy cabbage and cauliflower." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 2 (2010): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1002337p.
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Brassica oleracea varieties (red cabbage, broccoli, Savoy cabbage and cauliflower) were tested for their ability to regenerate shoots in vitro. Cotyledon, hypocotyl and root explants of 7 day-old seedlings were incubated on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) or 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN) in combination with 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Hypocotyls showed the best explants in almost all varieties tested with a minimum regeneration potential of 75% and producing 3.5-7.4 shoots per explant. The BA-supplemented media were optimal for both shoot regeneration and multiplication. Shoots rooted maximally (100%) on plant growth regulator-free MS medium containing 2% or 4% sucrose. Increased sucrose content improved plant acclimation in the greenhouse.
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Yoo, Kil Sun, Leonard M. Pike, and B. Greg Cobb. "Promotion of in Vitro Leaf Growth of Inner Scales Excised from Dormant Onion Bulbs." HortScience 25, no. 2 (February 1990): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.2.228.
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Inner scales excised from dormant bulbs of the short-day `Texas Grano 1015Y' onion (Allium cepa L.) were cultured in vitro and leaf growth was examined. Light promoted leaf growth, but no differences in leaf growth were observed for media pH between 4 and 7. Leaf growth rate in darkness was highest at 24C, reduced at 15C, and greatly reduced at SC. Kinetin promoted leaf growth at 1, 10, and 100 μm. IAA was effective at 1 and 10 μM, but not at 0.1 and 100 μm. GA3 promoted growth at 0.1 μM. No inhibitory effects of ABA on leaf growth could be detected. Chemical names used: 1-H-indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin).
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Tabuni, Desmin, Jeany Polii-Mandang, and Wenny Tilaar. "Penggunaan NAA (Napthalene Acetic Acid) dan Kinetin (6- furfurylaminopurine) pada Induksi Tunas Kubis Bunga Putih (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis) secara in-vitro (Use of NAA (Naphtalene acetic acid) and Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) For In-Vitro Shoot Induction of White Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis)." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.8.2.2018.23355.
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Penggunaan NAA (Napthalene Acetic Acid) dan Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) pada Induksi Tunas Kubis Bunga Putih (Brassicaoleraceae L. var. Botrytis) secara in-vitro(Use of NAA (Naphtalene acetic acid) and Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine)For In-Vitro Shoot Induction of White Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var.Botrytis)Desmin Tabuni1*), Jeany Sh. Polii-Mandang1), Wenny Tilaar1)1) Pascasarjana Program Studi Agronomi Unstrat Manado, 95115*Email korespondensi: desmintabuni2394@gmail.comDiterima 7 Agustus 2018, diterima untuk dipublikasikan 31 Agustus 2018AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menentukan konsentrasi zat pengaturtumbuh (ZPT) NAA dan kinetin yang terbaik untuk induksi tunas kubis bungaputih (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Botrytis) secara in vitro. Penelitian inidilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas SamRatulangi Manado, pada bulan Maret – Oktober 2018. Rancangan penelitianyaitu Percobaan Faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiridari 16 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil analisis ragammemperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan kinetin 0 ppm menghasilkan tinggi tanamanterbesar, yaitu 5,31cm pada umur 4 minggu setelah kultur (MSK). Perlakuan NAA0 ppm menghasilkan jumlah daun terbanyak pada umur 2 MSK (2,2) danterbanyak pada umur 3 MSK (3,10). Perlakuan kinetin 0 ppm menghasilkanjumlah daun terbanyak pada umur 4 MSK (3,75). Perlakuan kinetin 3 ppmmenghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak pada umur 4 MSK (4,95). Jumlah tunasterbanyak pada perlakuan kombinasi NAA 0,3 ppm dan kinetin 2 ppm adalah 1,8pada umur 2 MSK.Kata Kunci : kubis, induksi tunas, NAA dan Kinetin, in vitroAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the optimum concentration of NAAand kinetin for in vitro shoot induction of white cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.var. Botrytis). This research was carried out in the Biotechnology Laboratory,Agricultural Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado in March - October 2018.Experimental design in this study was a Factorial Design in CompletelyRandomized Design that consisted of 16 treatment combinations with 5replication. The results of ANOVA showed that 0 ppm kinetin resulted in thelargest plant height, i.e 5.31cm at 4 weeks after culture. The highest leaf numberswere observed at 0 ppm NAA, i.e 2.2 at 2 weeks after culture and 3.10 at 3weeks after culture. The highest leaf numbers was also observed at 0 ppmkinetin, i.e 3.75 at 4 weeks after culture. The treatment of 3 ppm kinetin resultedin the highest shoot number (4.95) at 4 weeks after culture. The highest shootnumber at combination of 0.3 ppm NAA and 2 ppm kinetin was 1.8 at 2 4 weeksafter culture.Keywords: Cabbage, Shoot Induction, NAA and Kinetin, in vitro
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Guzman, S., J. Jimènez, J. FarÌas, C. Salazar, M. Hernández, and A. Michel. "Induction of Callus from Seedling Explants of Citrus macrophylla W. Rootstock." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 462e—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.462e.
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Citrus macrophylla is an important citrus rootstock for Mexican lemon (Citrus aurantifolia S.). This study was conducted to select explant type and to optimize cultural requirements for induction callus of C. macrophylla in vitro. The explants tested were leaf, epicotyl, cotyledon, and root segments excised under sterile conditions from 4-week-old nucellar seedlings. The various medium comprising either basal of Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Murashige and Tucker (MT) salts suplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators, including naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) were used for the establishment of the explants. All cultured explants initiated callus from the cut ends after 2 weeks, when cultured on a modified MT medium suplemented with 6 mg NAA and 0.2 mg kinetin; cotyledon segments were the best explant for callus induction and development (43 mm2). Root segments were the lowest explants for callus induction.
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Mahmud Siregar, Luthfi Aziz. "Pengaruh Sitokinin Eksogen dan Sukrosa terhadap Produksi Biomassa dan Alkaloid Canthinone di dalam Kultur Suspensi Sel Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 12, no. 2 (November 21, 2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.12.2.143-151.
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The effect of addition cytokinins and modification of sucrose concentration on growth and alkaloid canthinoneproduction in cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifilia Jack were studied. The additions of cytokines, BAand kinetin, show effect on the production of biomass and alkaloid in cell suspension of E. longifilia Jack. Theoptimum totals of two-alkaloids were obtained on addition 4.44 μM BAP and without kinetin, respectively. Theaddition of 4.44 μM BA (6-benzyladenine) into TAM medium stimulated increased total of 9-hydroxycanthine-6-one,but decreased total of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. While the addition of 2.32 - 9.29 μM kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine)into TAM medium decreased total of two alkaloids (from 0.582 mg to 0.461 - 0.257 mg per 25 ml medium). Whensucrose concentration in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 5%, production of biomass would increase from0.374 g to 0.585 g dry weight per 25 ml medium. While total of two-alkaloids increase from 0.328 mg to 0.441 mgper 25 ml medium when concentration of sucrose in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 4% sucrose.
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Davis, Tim D., Daksha Sankhla, N. Sankhla, A. Upadhyaya, J. M. Parsons, and S. W. George. "Improving Seed Germination of Aquilegia chrysantha by Temperature Manipulation." HortScience 28, no. 8 (August 1993): 798–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.8.798.
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Seeds of Aquilegia chrysantha Gray were germinated under a variety of temperature regimes. Germination was nearly 90% under a day/night cycle of 25/20C, but was reduced to ≤ 40% under constant 25C or a 25/10C day/night cycle. With days between 25 and 29C (night = 20C), germination percentage dropped gradually to ≈ 60% with increasing temperature. With days >29C, germination declined dramatically such that no germination occurred at 31C. Neither kinetin (4.6 to 46 μm) nor ethephon (6.9 to 207 μm) was able to reverse the inhibitory effects of 33C days. Our results indicate that germination of A. chrysantha seed is sensitive to temperature and that germination ≈ 75% can be obtained under a 25 to 27C day/20C night regime. Chemical names used: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin).
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DYKEMAN, BRIAN W., and BRUCE G. CUMMING. "IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF THE OSTRICH FERN (Matteuccia struthiopteris)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-131.
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Methods were developed for the successful in vitro propagation of ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro) clones utilizing shoot tips derived by forcing lateral buds on the rhizome. Maximum shoot proliferation was attained with 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) at 1.0 mg/L with half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts and sucrose, agar, NaH2PO4, adenine sulphate, i-inositol and thiamine∙HCl at 30 000, 4000, 85, 40, 100, 0.4 mg/L, respectively. Excellent frond and root development was achieved with half-strength MS salts and sucrose, agar, i-inositol and thiamine∙HCl at 7500, 4000, 100 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively. The methods developed were satisfactory for a cross section of clones. Morphogenesis in vitro was dependent on medium osmotic potential.Key words: Matteuccia struthiopteris, in vitro propagation, tissue culture, morphogenesis, fern (ostrich)
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Czerpak, Romuald, and Andrzej Bajguz. "Stimulatory effect of auxins and cytokinins on carotenes, with differential effects on xanthophylls in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 66, no. 1 (2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1997.006.
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Research concerning the influence of auxins and cytokinins on the content of carotenoids in <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> (<em>Chlorophyceae</em>) has been conducted. The strongest stimulating effect on carotenoids content in <em>Ch. pyrenoidosa</em> biomass was exerted by cytokinins (N-6-benzylaminopurine and N-6-furfurylaminopurine) and allantoin, weaker by auxins and their chemical analogues, and the weakest by tryptamine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid compared to the control. Under the influence of cytokinins the content of α- and β-carotene have been stimulated several times stronger than by auxins, and especially 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tryptamine. However, oxygen-rich xanthophylls content was most strongly reduced by cytokinins (60-70% in relation to the control) in the 20 day lasting of <em>Ch. pyrenoidosa</em> cultivation, similarly to auxins: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
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Bunn, Eric, and Kingsley W. Dixon. "In Vitro Propagation of the Rare and Endangered Grevillea scapigera (Proteaceae)." HortScience 27, no. 3 (March 1992): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.3.261.
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Micropropagation, including adventitious shoot growth from leaf sections, was achieved for Grevillea scapigera (Proteaceae), a rare and endangered species from Western Australia. Shoot tips were initiated on filter paper supports with liquid WPM (Woody Plant Medium) and supplemented with 20 μm zeatin riboside and 2 μm GA3. Shoots were then incubated on WPM solidified with agar and supplemented with 5 μm kinetin and 0.5 μm BA, which produced an approximate 6-fold multiplication rate per month. Up to three adventitious shoots were induced from 0.7-cm2 leaf sections after 6 to 7 weeks on solid 1/2 MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 10 μm BA and 0.5 μm IBA. Shoots, 30 to 50 mm long, were rooted in vivo in a fogged glasshouse under 70% shade using a commerical rooting powder [IBA, 0.1% (w/w)] applied to the base of the shoots. Most (67%) of the shoots treated in this way rooted after 5 weeks. Established, rooted plants have been grown on under glasshouse conditions. Chemical names used: N6-[2-isopentenyl] adenine riboside (zeatin riboside); gibberellic acid (GA3); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine (BA); 1-H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
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Kaur, Saranjeet. "In vitro callus induction in inflorescence segments of medicinally important endangered plant Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz – a step towards ex situ conservation." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.2.1.
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The regenerative competence of inflorescence segments of Rauwolfia serpentina was assessed in M (Mitra et al., 1976) medium and its combinations with growth adjuncts such as cytokinins [N6-benzyladenine (6-BA - 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1), furfurylaminopurine (Kn-0.5, 1.0mg l-1) and auxin [α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA - 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1)]. Inflorescence segments (1.00 cm in length) were used as explants. The regeneration response was obligatory to the use of growth regulators in the medium. Cytokinins favoured shoot bud mediated pathway of plantlet development and BAP favoured early shooting. The explants callused in NAA enriched medium. The callus was best maintained in NAA (0.5 mg l-1) through repeated sub-culturing. The entire plant of R. serpentina is the target of massive commercial collections resulting into shrinking habitats. Present study is the first ever report on the successful use of inflorescence segments for ex situ conservation of R. serpentina.
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Saputra, Edo. "PENGGUNAAN KINETIN PADA CABAI MERAH SEGAR TERHADAP MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DENGAN KEMASAN BERBEDA." Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jtpa.25.1.65-72.2021.
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Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) merupakan zat pengatur tumbuh pada tanaman golongan sitokinin yang berfungsi sebagai hormon penghambat proses penuaan sehingga dapat mempertahankan kesegaran dan warna produk pertanian. Aplikasi penggunaan kinetin dapat dilakukan pada penyimpanan cabai merah dengan kemasan yang berbeda pada suhu dingin dan suhu ruang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan kinetin terhadap mutu organoleptik cabai merah segar dengan tingkat kematangan 50-75% selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial A×B dengan perlakuan jenis kemasan dan suhu penyimpanan. Jenis kemasan yang digunakan adalah kemasan PP, LDPE, dan tanpa kemasan, sedangkan suhu penyimpanan yaitu suhu dingin dan suhu ruang. Parameter organoleptik yang diamati meliputi warna, aroma, dan kekerasan cabai merah dengan tingkat kematangan 50-75% yang telah direndam dalam larutan kinetin kemudian disimpan menggunakan kemasan berbeda pada suhu dingin dan suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian terbaik yang didapatkan adalah uji organoleptik kekerasan cabai merah merupakan parameter mutu terbaik selama penyimpanan dengan menggunakan kemasan PP yang disimpan pada suhu 8 ̊C.
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Paul, Yash, and Shavila Gupta. "Effect of kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) on changes in membrane lipids in relation to growth of isolated cotyledons of vegetable marrow (Cucurbita pepo L)." Plant Science 55, no. 2 (January 1988): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(88)90163-x.
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Kaur, Saranjeet. "In vitro conservation of rare, medicinally important species Dendrobum nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae)." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.3.6.
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A comparative study was made to access the regeneration response of the stem-node discs of Dendrobium nobile procured from in vivo (greenhouse) grown plants and in vitro grown cultures. The response of stem-node discs, procured both from in vivo and in vitro source, was successfully tested in M (Mitra et al., 1976) medium alone and in combinations with cytokinins [N6-benzyladenine (6-BA - 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1), furfurylaminopurine (Kn - 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1) and auxin [α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA - 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1)]. The explants regenerated via shoot bud initiation in the cultures. Juvenility of the tissues and chemical stimulus were the major factors in initiating the response in the explants. The initiation of regeneration response in in vitro derived explants was not obligatory to a treatment with growth regulators as compared to those derived from in vivo ones. Cytokinins at 1.0 mg l-1 favoured optimum regeneration percentage in the explants and invoked additional supernumerary loci in the regenerants. The regenerants from in vitro derived explants developed plantlets early in cytokinins enriched combinations.
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Oliveira, Arildo José Braz de, Vanda Marilza de Carvalho, Alexandre Ferreira, Fernando Y. Sato, and Maria de Fátima Pires da Silva Machado. "In vitro multiplication of Tabernaemontana fuchsiaefolia L. (Apocynaceae)." Revista Árvore 27, no. 4 (August 2003): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622003000400001.
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This study describes a simple and promising for in vitro multiplication of Tabernaemontana fuchsiaefolia, a species abundantly found in southern Brazil utilized for medicinal purposes and as a source of compounds that may be used to develop new synthetic drugs. Apical and hypocotyl explants were cultured in MS medium containing different concentrations of the cytokinins benzylaminopurine (BA) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), supplemented with phloroglucinol (1, 3, 5-hydroxybenzene) to stimulate growth and shoot proliferation. Cytokinin added to the culture media positively influenced the micropropagation of T. fuchsiaefolia.and kinetin induced more shoots per explant than BA cytokinin. A favorable effect of phloroglucinol on apical and lateral buds from hypocotyls was also achieved in medium containing no kinetin or in all kinetin concentrations tested. Short pulses of auxin 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) 5.0 mg/l resulted in satisfactory rooting in apical microcuttings. The addition of phloroglucinol to MS medium induced rhizogenesis in 29% of the nodal segments transferred to MS medium in the absence of IBA and in 50% of the nodal segments transferred to MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l IBA and in nodal segments previously submitted to short pulses of IBA.
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Podwyszyńska, Małgorzata, Eleonora Gabryszewska, and Andrzej Przybyła. "Effect of growth retardants, cytokinins and auxins on the multiplication and rooting in vitro of Alstroemeria x hybrida "Juanita"." Acta Agrobotanica 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1998.003.
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Rhizome cultures of "Jiianita" Polish cultivar of Alstroemeria x hybrida were used to enhance an effectiveness of micropropagation method of new cultivars and selections. The effect of cytokinins (BAP. kinetin and 2iP), auxins (IAA, IBAand NAA), growth retardants (paclobutrazol and flurprimidol alone or in combination were studied in relation to rhizome branching. aerial shoot production and rooting of rhizome. The greatest number of aerial shoots as well as the shortest shoots were observed at the highest BAP concentration (6 mg l<sup>-1</sup>). However, the rhizonies had the poorest rooting ability. BAP at low concentrations combined with kinetin or 2iP also strongly stimulated aerial shoot formation and rhizome branching. Unfortunately. those shoots were of poor qualily. Application of BAP at low concentration with paclobutrazol (0,1-0,5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> ) or flurprimidol (0,01- 1 mg l<sup>-1</sup>) in presence of 1 mg l<sup>-1</sup> NAA resulted in high number of aerial shoots (5-6), reduction of their length and higher rooting ability of the rhizomes. Gr()wth retardants applied with NAA strongly stimulated formation of the roots but suppressed their elongation. Abbreviations: BAP - 6=benzylaminopurine; kinetin - 6-furfurylaminopurine; 2iP - 6-γ,γ-dime-thylallylamino]purine); IAA-indole-3-acetic acid; IBA-indole-3-butyric acid; NAA- naphthaleneacetic acid; paclobutrazol (ICI PP-333) - (2-RS,3-RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-4-dimethyl-2(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-pentan-3-ol flurprimidol (Dowelanco) - α-(1-niethylethy 1-α-[4-trifluro-niethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyridinemethanol.
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Shibli, Rida A., and M. A. L. Smith. "Direct Shoot Regeneration from Vaccinium pahalae (Ohelo) and V. myrtillus (Bilberry) Leaf Explants." HortScience 31, no. 7 (December 1996): 1225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.7.1225.
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Ohelo (V. pahalae Skottsb.) and bilberry (V. myrtillus L.) shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from whole leaves and leaf sections and also from hypocotyl explants of bilberry. Explants preincubated for 1 to 2 weeks in darkness yielded ≈75% regeneration frequencies and the highest number of regenerating shoots/explant on TDZ-supplemented media (0.9 to 2.7 μm). When 2iP or zeatin were substituted as the cytokinin source, frequencies of regeneration and shoot productivity were significantly lower. Explants held under constant illumination (no dark pretreatment) had significantly lower regeneration frequencies in all tested cytokinin-supplemented media. 2,4-D stimulated callus formation, but did not support regeneration from vegetative explants. Cells from callus and suspension cultures did not exhibit regeneration in any of the media that supported organogenesis from leaves. Regenerants were successfully micropropagated, although callus formation caused by zeatin and high 2iP levels interfered with shoot proliferation. Zeatin induced hyperhydricity in shoots from both species, but more severely in ohelo. Ex vitro rooting after treatment with 4.9 μm IBA or 5.4 μm NAA was 95% and 60% successful for bilberry and ohelo, respectively, and plants were readily acclimatized after an interval in a fog chamber. Bilberry microshoots also rooted in vitro in the absence of growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-H-purine-6-amine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron=1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazio-5-yl)urea (TDZ); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).
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Silva, André Luis Coelho da, Cecília Sulzbacher Caruso, Renato de Azevedo Moreira, and Ana Cecília Góes Horta. "In vitro induction of callus from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 27, no. 6 (December 2003): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542003000600011.
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With the objective to promote in vitro callus induction, cotyledon and hypocotyl segments of "perennial soybean" (Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc.) were inoculated in basal medium MS supplemented with sucrose (1.5 e 3%) and 0.8% agar and different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin). The explants were maintained in a dark growth room at 28ºC. The best callus induction was observed in explants (cotyledon and hypocotyl) maintained in medium containing the combination of 2,4-D (1 mg.L-1), kinetin (0.1 mg.L-1) and 3% sucrose. To promote callus subculture, the MS medium was supplemented with different combinations of 2,4-D (0.5 to 4.0 mg.L-1), with or without kinetin (0.1 mg.L-1) and sucrose (1.5 e 3%). The calli were maintained 35 days in a dark growth room at 28ºC. The results indicated that the use of 2,4-D 1.0 mg.L-1 + kinetin 0.1 mg.L-1 + sucrose 3% provided the highest average weight of cotyledons calli fresh matter, whereas the use of 2,4-D 2.0 mg.L-1 + kinetin 0.1 mg.L-1 + sucrose 3% provided the highest average weight of hypocotyl calli fresh matter. High concentrations of 2,4-D, independent of kinetin and sucrose concentrations, promoted oxidation and reduction in fresh weight from calli of cotyledon and hypocotyls.
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Pavlovic, Suzana, Sladjan Adzic, Dejan Cvikic, Jasmina Zdravkovic, and Milan Zdravkovic. "In vitro culture as a part of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. breeding." Genetika 44, no. 3 (2012): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1203611p.
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Fourteen genotypes of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), that are a part of Institute for Vegetable Crops collection, were tested for their ability to regenerate shoots in vitro. Five of them are early, while nine are late genotypes. Lateral buds from plants grown in the open field were used as explants. In all genotypes, lateral buds showed the high percentage of shoot formation, ranged from 80% to 100%. They were incubated on Murashige and Skoog?s (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 and 2.0 mgl-1 of benzyladenine (BA) or 1.0 mgl-1 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN) in combination with 0, 0.5 and 1.0 mgl-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The BA- supplemented media were optimal for both growth and multiplication of shoots. In both groups of genotypes, the highest index of multiplication (IM) was achieved on medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 BA and 1.0 mgl-1 IBA, in R9 early genotype (IM 8.53) and K1 late genotype (IM 10.06). R5 early and in K29 and K75 late genotypes had no multiplication on medium with 1.0 mgl-1 KIN (IM 1.00). Also, in all genotypes the lowest index of multiplication was observed on media supplemented with KIN (without or in combination with IBA).
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Bordelon, Bruce P., and J. N. Moore. "Promoting Stenospermic Grape Seed Trace Development and Germination with Plant Growth Regulators." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (July 1994): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.719.
Full textAbstract:
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) [antigibberellins (mepiquat chloride, uniconazole, ancymidol, daminozide, chlormequat, ethephon, methazole), cytokinins (BAP, kinetin, BTP, 2iP), and ABA] were evaluated at various concentrations and timings for promotion of seed trace development and germination of four stenospermic grape cultivars (Vitis spp.): `Venus', `Mars', `Reliance', and `Saturn'. Data include seed trace number per berry, percent of seed traces with endosperm (sinkers), sinker fresh weight, and percent seed trace germination. Several PGRs effectively increased seed number and percent sinkers over control treatments. PGRs had little effect on seed fresh weight and percent germination. PGRs promoted greater increases in percent sinkers than seed number on all cultivars. The number of viable seeds per sample (seed number × percent sinkers) was increased over controls by up to 802% on `Reliance', 239% on `Saturn', 154% on `Mars', and 153% on `Venus'. A moderate percentage of viable seeds from treatments and controls of `Mars', `Venus', and `Saturn' germinated and established normal seedlings. The very small seed traces of `Reliance' did not germinate from either controls or treatments. The results indicate that PGRs can stimulate seed trace formation in some stenospermic cultivars and therefore may be useful tools in grape breeding programs. Chemical names used: abscisic acid (+/-)cis-trans isomer (ABA); a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); 6-benzylamino-9-(2 tetra-hydropropanyl)-9H-purine (BTP); (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride (chlormequat); succinic acid 2,2 dimethyl-hydrazide (daminozide); (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); 6-(dimethyl-allylamino) purine (2iP); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); N,N-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride (mepiquat chloride); [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] (methazole); E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-di-methyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-pentan-3-ol (uniconazole).
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Carpenter, William J., and Eric R. Ostmark. "Growth Regulators and Storage Temperature Govern Germination of Coreopsis Seed." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1190.
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The storage and germination environments were evaluated to determine the cause of low total germination percentages and highly irregular germination of Coreopsis lanceolata L. seed. Highest total germination and most rapid and uniform germination of seed occurred at constant 15C, other constant temperatures and all alternating temperature regimes caused lower total germination or delayed it. Seeds tolerated -20C during storage, but total germination was reduced below -5C. Recently harvested seeds had 44% total germination, but 54% to 81% germination was achieved after 6 hours of soaking seeds in 1000 ppm GA3, 1000 ppm ethephon, or 25 ppm kinetin alone or in combination. Growth regulators reduced the number of days to 50% of final germination (T50), and the span in days between 10% and 90% of germination (T90 - T10). Storing fresh seeds without chemical treatment for > 6 months at 5C and 10% to 20% relative humidity (RH), or 15C at 20% to 35% RH, increased total germination to 75% and 80%, respectively. Ten days were required to achieve T50 after 5 to 6 months of storage at 5C and 10% to 20% RH or 15C and 10% to 40% RH, with longer periods to T50 at other storage durations and RH levels. The germination spans (T90 - T10) were lengthened the higher the seed storage temperatures between 5 to 25C, with longer spans as seed storage durations and relative humidities increased. Total germination was similar after storing seeds at 5 or 15C and 10% to 30% RH and after soaking recently harvested seeds in GA3 + ethephon, but the days to T50 and T90 - T10 were shorter after growth regulator treatment. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); gibberellic acid (GA3); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin).
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Doltchinkova, Virjinia R., Katia Georgieva, Veneta Kapchina-Toteva, and Juergen Polle. "Electrokinetic properties of thylakoids in in vitro cultured Gypsophila paniculata plants." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 11 (2000): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99042.
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In vitro cultured Gypsophila paniculata L. plants were used as a model to evaluate the effect of some cytokinins and anticytokinins on thylakoid surface charge. Influence of the cytokinins N-6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) and N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2-phenylurea (4-PU-30), cytokinin antagonists 2-chloro-4-cyclobutylamino-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine and N-(4-pyridyl)-O-(4-chlorophenyl) carbamate on the pigment content, surface charge density (s ), fluorescence induction kinetics and millisecond-delayed light emission was studied. Our results showed that the chlorophyll (a+b) content significantly decreased after the 1st and the 2nd month of G. paniculata growth in the presence of the cytokinins kinetin and 4-PU-30. In our model system, cytokinins enhanced the number of open lateral buds and, as a consequence, more shoots per explant. Hence, chlorophyll synthesis was not inhibited but so-called ‘dilution of the pigments’ was available. Anticytokinins inhibited the formation of more than one shoot, and the chlorophyll content was not influenced significantly. The phenylurea cytokinin 4-PU-30 and anticytokinins increased the electrophoretic mobility, zeta potential and surface charge density of thylakoids after a longer time of treatment. Making thylakoid membranes more negatively charged, phenylurea cytokinin and anticytokinins increased the aggregation of the complexes and the energization of the membrane. Our results showed that plant growth regulators decreased the primary photochemical activity of photosystem II (estimated by the ratio Fv/Fm) and delayed fluorescence intensity in the 1st month. However, no significant changes were observed in these parameters in the 2nd month.
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Sánchez-Ramos, Mariana, Laura Alvarez, Antonio Romero-Estrada, Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, Silvia Marquina-Bahena, and Francisco Cruz-Sosa. "Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) for the Improved Production of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds." Plants 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101398.
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Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat multiple ailments. However, there have not been biotechnological studies on producing compounds in in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to establish a cell suspension culture of A. pichinchensis, quantify the anti-inflammatory constituents 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2) and 3-epilupeol (3), evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of its extracts, and perform a phytochemical analysis. Cell suspension cultures were established in a MS culture medium of 30-g L−1 sucrose, 1.0-mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 0.1-mg L−1 6-furfurylaminopurine. The ethyl acetate extract of the cell culture analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) revealed that the maximum production of anti-inflammatory compounds 2 and 3 occurs on days eight and 16, respectively, improving the time and previously reported yields in callus cultures. The anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts exhibited a significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, a phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from day 20 led to the identification of 17 known compounds. The structures of the compounds were assigned by an analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and the remainder by GC–MS. This is the first report of the production of (-)-Artemesinol, (-)-Artemesinol glucoside, encecalin, and 3,5-diprenyl-acetophenone by a cell suspension culture of A. pichinchensis.
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Mantovani, Nilton César, Magali F. Grando, Aloisio Xavier, and Wagner C. Otoni. "In vitro shoot induction and multiplication from nodal segments of adult Ginkgo biloba plants." Horticultura Brasileira 31, no. 2 (June 2013): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362013000200003.
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The in vitro performance of herbaceous and woody nodal segments from adult plants and the effect of hydrolyzed casein (HC 500 mg L-1), kinetin (KIN; 6-furfurylaminopurine 0.46 and 4.65 µM) and activated charcoal (AC 1.5 g L-1) were evaluated upon new shoots induction and development, and to establish a system of in vitro propagation from adult plants of Ginkgo biloba. Woody nodal segments did not produce axillary shoots and presented 100% of bacterial and fungal contamination in culture. However, nodal segments from herbaceous shoots were successfully disinfected and displayed high in vitro morphogenic capacity. The HC was essential for the axillary shoots induction and further multiplication, stimulating shoot formation in 85% of the cultured nodal segments and multiple shoots induction in 35% of them at establishment stage. During the multiplication stage, 66.6% of propagules formed new shoots and 33.3% of them formed multiple shoots when cultured with HC. The KIN and AC inhibited the organogenic process in ginkgo. Two distinct patterns of sprouts development were observed in vitro, similar to what occurs in vivo: 1) short shoots with crowded internodes and expansion of only a few leaves and slow growth; 2) long shoots with separated nodes and marked apical growth. This is the first report of multiple shoots in vitro formation in nodal segments obtained from adult plants of Ginkgo biloba.
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P., Karthikeyan A. V., and Sudan I. "GC-MS PROFILE OF IN VIVO AND IN VITRO SHOOTS OF CLEOME GYNANDRA L." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (November 1, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.17351.
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Objective: Investigation of the bioactive compounds from the ethanol shoot extracts of in vivo and in vitro plants of Cleome gynandra (C. gynandra) through GC-MS analysis. Methods: The nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), kinetin-6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin) and indole 3 acetic acids (IAA) for shoot induction. In the present study, the phytochemical constituents were analyzed from the ethanol extract of in vivo and in vitro plants of C. gynandra using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The mass spectrum of the ethanol extract was compared with the available library sources.Results: In the present study, different concentrations of cytokinins and in the combination of IAA are used to develop regenerated shoots. The maximum number of shoots was obtained 9.2±0.41 with the length of 6.6 cm and highest frequency of (100%) shoot induction was observed on MS medium containing 10 μM BAP with 4 μM IAA. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the shoots of in vivo and in vitro plants contained 21phytochemicals, of these 3 components were similar in both in vivo and in vitro plants, 2 phytochemical's are repeated with different RT, 7 components are having biological activity and in the remaining 9 components, biological activities are not reported.Conclusion: The present study, the in vitro regeneration, combinations of hormones (10 μM BAP plus 4 μM IAA) tested showed the best result than individual and also revealed that the synthesis of more number of phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extracts of in vitro plants than the in vivo plants of C. gynandra.
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Hariadi, Husen, Yusnita Yusnita, Melya Riniarti, and Dwi Hapsoro. "PENGARUH ARANG AKTIF, BENZILADENIN, DAN KINETIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TUNAS JATI SOLOMON (Tectona grandis Linn. f) IN VITRO." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 5, no. 2 (June 2, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v5i2.48.
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Tissue culture techniques can be used for propagation of uniformaly large teak solomon seeds.The purpose of this research was knowing the effect of activated charcoal, the addition of benzyladenine (BA) and combination of BA with 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) to the growth of shoots of solomon teak in vitro. The solomon teak explants used were singlestem cuttings from aseptic shoots obtained from in vitro cultures. This research was conducted in laboratory with complete randomized design with 3 replications. The experimental treatment was a single factor consisting of basic MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), with 6 treatments: MS without growth regulator (control), MS without growth regulator + 2 g/l activated charcoal, MS + 0,1 m/l BA , MS + 0,2 m/l BA, MS + 0,1 m/l BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin and MS + 0,2 m/l BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin. Observation on the number of books/ shoots, number of leaves/ shoots, shoot/ bud height and visual apperance of culture was taken at 8 weeks after planting. The data were analyzed for variety and continue the separation of the LSD at 5% level. The results showed that in general, all six treatments could be used for propagation of in vitro teak solomon (Tectona grandis Linn. f) and produced at least 6,22 books/ shoots every 8 weeks. The best media were MS medium + 0,1 m/l BA and MS + 0,1 m/1 BA + 0,1 m/l kinetin, because it able to produce 7,78 books/ shoots. The highest number of leaves was obtained at the treatment of MS + 0,1 m/l BA, while the average shoots/ shoots produced were not different for all.
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Widell, Karl-Olof, Christer Sundqvist, and Hemming I. Virgin. "Characterization of SAN 9789-Stimulated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Seed Germination." Weed Science 33, no. 2 (March 1985): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500082023.
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Dark germination of light-requiring lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativaL. ‘Grand Rapids’) was stimulated by SAN 9789 [4-chloro-5-(methylamino-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and to a minor degree by BASF 13761 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and BASF 44521 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], but not by’ pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9785 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9774 [5-amino-4-chloro-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], or SAN 6706 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. SAN 9789 stimulation was inhibited by cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (CHDC), and abscisic acid (ABA) at 1 × 10-4M. Red light nullified the inhibitory effect of CHDC (1 × 10-4M) but not the inhibitory effect of ABA (1 × 10-4M) on SAN 9789 stimulated germination. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) increased the germination stimulatory effect of SAN 9789 in darkness. Temperatures above 25 C decreased the effect of SAN 9789, with a temperature of 35 C completely inhibiting germination. The inhibitory effect of CHDC was strongly decreased at temperatures below 20 C. SAN 9789-induced germination in darkness was always the same (25 to 26% units increase in germination) even though the red light-stimulated germination differed with the seed batch.
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Kahia, Jane, Peter Kanze Sallah, Lucien Diby, Christophe Kouame, Margaret Kirika, Simeon Niyitegeka, and Theodore Asiimwe. "A Novel Regeneration System for Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) via Organogenesis from Hypocotyl, Leaf, and Root Explants." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1375.
Full textAbstract:
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) is commonly known as Tamarillo or tree tomato. This species is mainly used for its edible fruits which have a high nutritional value and contain relatively high amounts of proteins, vitamins B6, C, E, and provitamin A. The cultivation of Tamarillo in Rwanda is facing major challenges caused mainly by viral diseases such as Tamarillo mosaic virus (TaMV). These diseases are difficult to control and are transferred through vegetative propagation, often resulting in heavy productivity losses and poor-quality fruits. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using tissue culture as an alternative propagation method. Tamarillo seeds were sterilized using a commercial bleach and germinated in vitro to get clean starting explants. Explants (hypocotyls, leaves, and roots) were cultured on semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), N6-2-isopentyl adenine (2iP), 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) evaluated at 5, 10, 20, 40 µM, and thidiazuron (TDZ), evaluated at 0.1, 0.5. 1.0 1.5 µM in separate experiments. Data were collected on the number of microshoots and roots 2 months after culture and analyzed using the Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 8. The results showed that the growth regulators evaluated had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on plantlet regeneration from leaf and hypocotyl explants. The media supplemented with BA 40 μM was the most effective in inducing multiple shoots from leaf explants producing 4.67 ± 0.15 shoots per explant. Root explants showed the least morphogenic responses for all the parameters evaluated. The regenerated plantlets were transplanted to the greenhouse and a survival rate of 90% was recorded. During this study, a simple, reproducible, single-step protocol was developed. These results would be useful for mass propagation of Tamarillo.
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Rasai, S., AS Kantharajah, and WA Dodd. "The Effect of Growth-Regulators, Source of Explants and Irradiance on in vitro Regeneration of Atemoya." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 3 (1994): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940333.
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Multiple shoot formation was induced on different media from excised hypocotyl and the nodal cuttings from 5 year old trees of atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill × A. squamosa L.) cv. African Pride. The highest number of shoots were obtained from the distal part (section near the root) of the hypocotyl cultured at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 36 μmol m-2 s-1 on Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) supplemented with 2% sucrose, 2 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg L-1 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), 0.1 mg L-1 biotin, 0.1 mg L-1 calcium pantothenate and solidified with 0.8% agar. The number of shoots of mature nodal cuttings cultured on modified MS medium, supplemented with 1 g L-1 ammonium nitrate and the above mentioned growth regulators and addenda, was higher than MS basal or Woody Plant Medium. Increasing the kinetin level increased the number of shoots and fresh weight. Increasing the BAP level above 2 mg L-1 decreased the number of buds, length of shoots and fresh weight. The shoots were incubated in liquid MS medium containing 50 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in the dark and after 3 days were transferred to MS basal medium in the light, supplemented with 0.25% activated charcoal and solidified with 0.8% agar. Forty per cent of the shoots rooted. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and planted in the glasshouse and 70 per cent of them showed rapid growth. Root induction was improved by pretreatment of shoots in liquid MS containing IBA. The effects of adding cytokinins, biotin and calcium pantothenate to the hypocotyl sections at different PPF and the effect of ammonium nitrate on multiple shoot production by nodal segments of in vivo grown plants are reported.
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Kouassi, Modeste Kan, Jane Kahia, Christophe N’guessan Kouame, Mathias Gnion Tahi, and Edmond Kouablan Koffi. "Comparing the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callus and Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Four Elite Theobroma cacao L. Genotypes." HortScience 52, no. 1 (January 2017): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11092-16.
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The effect of plant growth regulators on callus and somatic embryogenesis induction in four Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) genotypes was studied. Flower explants were harvested early in the morning and cultured on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 1 mg·L−1 of five auxins type (2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (3,4-D), 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) in combination with 0.25 or 0.5 mg·L−1 of two cytokinins type (benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin (Kin)] in a factorial experiment. The plant growth regulators 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T proved to have a broad spectrum action on somatic embryogenesis induction compared with 3,4-D or picloram. There were no significant differences between the two concentrations of cytokinins. However, Kin was found to be more effective in promoting somatic embryogenesis than BAP. Combining 1 mg·L−1 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D with 0.25 mg·L−1 Kin had a broad spectrum action on embryogenesis induction. On the other hand, combining mg·L−1 picloram with 0.5 mg·L−1 Kin or 1 mg·L−1 3,4-D with 0.25 mg·L−1 Kin was only able to induce somatic embryogenesis in a few of the genotypes evaluated. The protocol developed during the current study differs from earleir works as the callus (derived from explants cultured on DKW media) was taken directly to embryo development media as opposed to earlier works in which the callus was taken through a secondary media before being transferred to an embryo development media.
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Ali, Hanisah, Izzah Farhanah Musa, Nurul Atikhah Abu Bakar, Saiful Anuar Karsani, and Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob. "In Vitro Regeneration and ISSR-Based Genetic Fidelity Analysis of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120778.
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Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used as traditional remedy for various illnesses and diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and epileptic seizures. In this study, direct regeneration through nodal segment of this species was attempted using Kinetin (6-Furfurylaminopurine) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Optimum regeneration media was identified as MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 Kin plus 0.5 mg L−1 IAA. This yielded the highest number of shoots (5.57 ± 0.42) and leaves (20.53 ± 1.91) per explant. Acclimatization of the resulting in vitro regenerants was successful in all potting mixtures tested. However, potting mixture PF (1:1:1 ratio of black soil/red soil/compost) was identified as the best medium for acclimatization of this species, as it yielded 100% survival percentage after 90 days of acclimatization. Ten in vitro regenerants of O. stamineus were randomly collected after the third subculture and subjected to genetic variation analysis using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Out of 20 ISSR markers tested, 10 working primers were observed to produce satisfactory amplification of bands, with an average of 7.11 bands per primer. A total of 610 bands were produced by the 10 primers. The percentage of polymorphism was observed to be very low, yielding only 7.32% polymorphism among all samples. Jaccard dissimilarity analysis was also conducted and very low genetic distance (about 0.1) was found among the in vitro regenerants and between the regenerants with the mother plant, thus ascertaining the clonal nature of the plantlets produced in this study.
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Palacios, Alejandro Martínez, Raúl Cárdenas Navarro, Diana Beatriz Hernández Ortega, and Víctor Chávez Avila. "Micropropagation of Turbinicarpus valdezianus (Möeller) Glass & Foster (Cactaceae) an Endemic Cactus in Northern Mexico." HortScience 51, no. 1 (January 2016): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.1.94.
Full textAbstract:
An in vitro clonal propagation protocol based on axillary bud development was generated for Turbinicarpus valdezianus. An efficient multiplication rate was obtained using either longitudinal or apical explants from in vitro germinated seedlings. The proliferation capacity of these explants was evaluated by testing the single and interaction effects of five concentrations of 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN) (0.00, 2.32, 4.64, 9.28, and 18.56 µm) and three concentrations of α-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) (0.00, 0.54, and 2.70 µm), using Murashige and Skoog (MS) as basal medium. Statistical analysis showed that the highest average shoot proliferation of T. valdezianus was recorded with 9.28 µm of KIN, producing 11.75 and 4.50 plantlets per initial explant, for apical and lateral explants, respectively. Addition of NAA to the medium had an inhibitory effect on shoot proliferation for both explant types. The developed shoots in 9.28 µm of KIN and plant growth regulator (PGR)-free treatments were used for a rooting subculture phase. These shoots were then transferred to PGR-free MS medium, resulting in statistically significant different rooting frequencies of 78% and 97%, respectively. When transplanted in soil, the rooted shoots showed an average survival rate of 90%, without any significant statistical differences between treatments. This propagation protocol has the capacity to produce near to 21 plantlets per seedling in 27 weeks, i.e., 11.78 and 9.00 plantlets per apical and lateral explants, respectively, without callus or adventitious shoot formation. These features made it highly attractive as an in vitro clonal propagation method for T. valdezianus plants and the later implementation of a rescue program for threatened wild populations of this cacti species.
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Šimonová, E., M. Henselová, and P. Zahradník. "Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 11 (November 20, 2011): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3623-pse.
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Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10<sup>–3</sup>–10<sup>–7</sup>M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity
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Gonsalves, Carol, Baodi Xue, and Dennis Gonsalves. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Regeneration from Cotyledon Explants of Six Squash Cultivars." HortScience 30, no. 6 (October 1995): 1295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.6.1295.
Full textAbstract:
Six summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivars were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis using cotyledons excised from germinated or nongerminated seeds. Genotypes included were zucchini, commercial F1 hybrids, `President', `Seneca Zucchini', `Jade'; the noncommercial inbred line `Caserta Inbred 557311'; and two yellow squash hybrids `Dixie' and `Seneca Butterbar'. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated in induction medium containing 22.62 μm 2, 4-D, and embryos were germinated in maturation medium containing 0.27 μm NAA and 0.23 μm kinetin. Plants were elongated and rooted on basal medium without hormones. All media contained carbenicillin at 500 mg·liter–1. Sixty-one percent of the `Seneca Butterbar' cotyledons produced somatic embryos when kept on induction medium for 10 weeks. Overall, 7% of the initial explants produced plantlets, and regeneration efficiency was calculated as 0.3 plantlets per initial explant. The relative production of plants from cotyledons that were kept on induction medium for different time periods were determined for `Caserta Inbred 557311' and `Seneca Zucchini'. All cotyledons produced somatic embryos after 11 to 17 weeks on induction medium. However, plantlet production was optimal with explants kept on induction medium for 13 weeks for `Seneca Zucchini' and for 15 weeks for `Caserta Inbred 557311', producing an average of 4.5 and 9.3 plants per explant, respectively, from 90% to 70% of the explants. We recovered plants from all six cultivars; thus, our regeneration protocol may be applicable to other genotypes. The high percentage of regenerants obtained indicates that the regeneration method is efficient enough to be adapted successfully to squash transformation experiments. Chemical names used: α-carboxybenzylpenicillin (carbenicillin); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
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Compton, Michael E., and D. J. Gray. "Shoot Organogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Cotyledons of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Watermelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 1 (January 1993): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.1.151.
Full textAbstract:
Adventitious shoots were obtained from watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsun. & Nakai] cotyledons incubated on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA. Initial experiments comparing the effects of BA (0, 5, 10, or 20 μm) and IA4 (0, 0.5, or 5 μm) demonstrated that BA was required for adventitious shoot formation but its concentration in the medium was not critical. The addition of IAA to medium with BA increased callus production and inhibited shoot formation. However, the percentage of responding explants in the best treatment was <30%. Therefore, the manner in which cotyledon explants were prepared and seedling age at the time of explantation was examined to improve the organogenic response. The percentage of explants with shoots was improved by using explants that consisted of cotyledon bases (43%) or cotyledons cut in half longitudinally (39%). A lower percentage (16%) of cotyledons cut longitudinally into four pieces produced shoots. Explants taken from the apical half of cotyledons failed to regenerate shoots. Shoot formation was improved further by using explants from young seedlings. The percentage of explants with shoots was >90% for `Minilee', 64% for S86NE, and 50% for `Jubilee II' when explants were prepared from 5-day-old seedlings. Explants from nongerminated embryos or seedlings germinated for 10, 15, or 20 days produced fewer shoots. The effect of several cytokinins on shoot organogenesis was then examined using the optimized protocol. The percentage of explants with shoots and the number of shoots per explant were about two to four times higher when 5 to 10 μm BA was used compared to the most effective kinetin (20 μm) or thidiazuron (0.1 μm) concentration. The percentage of explants with shoots and the number of shoots per explant were greater for diploid (57% and 2.2, respectively) than for triploid (22% and 0.6, respectively) or tetraploid (20% and 0.8, respectively) lines. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl)-1 H -purin-6-amine (BA); 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin); N -phenyl-N' -1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron); 1 H -indole3-acetic acid (IAA).
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De Oliveira, Maria Luiza, James G. Thomson, and Ed Stover. "High-efficiency Propagation of Mature ‘Washington Navel’ Orange and Juvenile ‘Carrizo’ Citrange Using Axillary Shoot Proliferation." HortTechnology 26, no. 3 (June 2016): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.3.278.
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In vitro axillary shoot proliferation can be used to increase availability of citrus (Citrus) types in high demand, while limiting somaclonal variation. However, established protocols could be improved to increase efficiency. Therefore, this study investigated some factors [plant growth regulators (PGRs), basal media, and successive subculturing] which affect the in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of mature ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis) and juvenile ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata). In ‘Washington Navel’ orange, maximum axillary shoot induction (66.9% explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 2.45 shoots per explant) was obtained in Driver and Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) along with 1 mg·L−1 6-furfurylaminopurine [kinetin (kin)], whereas in ‘Carrizo’ citrange, axillary shoot production was greatest (82.6% and 87.5% of explants producing axillary shoots with a mean of 4.3 and 4.1 shoots per explant) at 1.0 or 2.0 mg·L−1 BA in DKW medium. The initial nodal propagules (with basal tissue remaining from removed shoots) were repeatedly subcultured for six times every 4 weeks onto DKW medium with the same levels of PGRs used for initial culturing. Woody plant medium (WPM), Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), and DKW were also compared for rooting at quarter to full strength for salt components, all amended with 2.0 mg·L−1 indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. MS at full strength provided the highest rooting in ‘Carrizo’ citrange (93%) and longest root length (58 mm), whereas half-strength MS provided the highest rooting in ‘Washington Navel’ orange (60% to 61%) and the longest roots (26 mm). Addition of 1 μm spermidine to the rooting medium enhanced root length only for ‘Washington Navel’ orange on full-strength MS, but accelerated rooting for both cultivars on all media. The plantlets were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions, exhibiting normal development, with high uniformity, and no evidence of somaclonal variation.
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Martini, Aikaterini N., and Maria Papafotiou. "In Vitro Propagation and NaCl Tolerance of the Multipurpose Medicinal Halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum." HortScience 55, no. 4 (April 2020): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14584-19.
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Limoniastrum monopetalum is an evergreen perennial shrub native to Mediterranean coastal sands and salt marshes. It has adapted to a variety of environmental stresses and is used in traditional medicine and as an ornamental plant. In the present study, an efficient micropropagation protocol for this species was developed to facilitate the production of selected genotypes and promote its wider use. Research has focused on the effects of various cytokinin types [benzyladenine (BA), zeatin, 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) or 6-γ-γ-dimethylallilopurine (2iP)] and concentrations (0.0–4.0 mg·L−1) and various NaCl concentrations (0.0–20 g·L−1) during all stages of in vitro culture. For in vitro establishment, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 BA and 0.0 or 5.0 g·L−1 NaCl was most appropriate (100% explant response, 3–4 shoots per explant, 2 cm shoot length). The best results for shoot multiplication (100% response, 9 shoots per explant, 0.8–1.0 cm shoot length) were obtained with low (0.5 mg·L−1) BA or relatively high (2.0 mg·L−1) kinetin concentrations in the medium; however, 0.5 mg·L−1 kinetin should be preferred in the case of production of multiple rooted microshoots during one stage. The addition of NaCl at relatively low concentrations (2.5 or 5.0 g·L−1) in a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 BA doubled shoot multiplication but did not improve shoot elongation (100% explant response, 16 shoots per explant, 0.8 cm shoot length). For in vitro rooting, half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 IBA was most appropriate (97% rooting, 9.4 roots per microshoot, 1.2 cm root length). Regarding the effects of NaCl on in vitro rooting, microshoots were relatively tolerant to NaCl concentrations up to 10.0 g·L−1. The effects of NaCl depend on the micropropagation stage; they are synergistic during shoot multiplication and tolerant during rooting. However, explants responded satisfactorily in its absence, indicating that NaCl was not necessary as a medium component. Ex vitro acclimatization and establishment of plantlets was 100% successful in a mixture of peat:perlite 1:1 or 2:1 (v/v).
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Piotrowska, Alicja, Romuald Czerpak, Joanna Adamowicz, Alicja Biedrzycka, and Marta Potocka. "Comparison of stimulatory effect of cytokinins adenine and urea derivatives on the level of some components in Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm. (Lemnaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 74, no. 2 (2011): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2005.015.
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The effect of cytokinins with different chemical structures, adenine-type: N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), N6-furfurylaminopurine (FAP) and derivative of urea - 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) applied in optimal physiological concentrations of 10<sup>-6</sup>-10<sup>-4</sup> M on the mixotrophic plant <em>Wolffia arrhiza</em> during the period of 20 days of culture, was examined. The cytokinin highest influence on the metabolites level in <em>W. arrhiza</em> fresh weight was demonstrated in the range of concentrations 10<sup>-6</sup>-10<sup>-5</sup> M between the 5th and the 10th day of culture. Among used cytokinins, the highest stimulative effect on the content of water-soluble proteins can be attributed to DPU (181%), slightly lower to BAP (167%) and the lowest to FAP (113%) in comparison with the control culture (100%). BAP was found to exert the most stimulative activity on nucleic acids accumulation (DNA+RNA) to the maximum value (127%). FAP and DPU possessed weaker stimulative activity increasing the nucleic acid content to the level of 120% and 118%, properly. The content of monosaccharides was stimulated to the highest level of 174% in FAP treated plants, to 151% in case of BAP and in case of DPU to 144%. Whereas, the highest increase of the photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a and b as well as total carotenoids) to the range of 123-146% in <em>W. arrhiza</em> culture in the presence of DPU, was observed. Under the influence of FAP the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments was stimulated less effectively to the range of 113-140%. When the plants grew with BAP the chlorophylls and carotenoids contents increased to the lowest values of 119-131%. On the other hand, the content of total carotenoids was stimulated only during the first days of culture, then between the 15th and the 20th day it was inhibited by all applied adenine and urea-type cytokinins to the value of 70%. The results indicate that there is no quantitative correlation between the structure of all analysed cytokinins and their influence on the biochemical responses of <em>W. arrhiza</em>.
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Pattnaik, Snigdha Sameer, Byomkesh Dash, Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan, Jawahar Lal Katara, C. Parameswaran, Ramlakhan Verma, Narayanaperumal Ramesh, and Sanghamitra Samantaray. "Anther Culture Efficiency in Quality Hybrid Rice: A Comparison between Hybrid Rice and Its Ratooned Plants." Plants 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101306.
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An immense increase in human population along with diminished lands necessitates the increase of rice production since, it serves the human population as a staple food. Though rice hybrids (RH) are showing considerable yield enhancement over inbreds in terms of both quality and quantity, farmers’ adoption of hybrid rice technology has been much slower than expected because of several constraints such as seed cost and quality. Doubled haploid (DH) technology was considered useful for the development of inbred lines from rice hybrids in a single generation. Androgenesis shows its significance in development of DHs in rice which requires an efficient method to establish the production of large population. To start the anther culture, anthers are the main component of androgenesis to be isolated from unopened spikes. However, the duration of spikes availability for anther culture coupled with the segregation of rice hybrids in the next generation requires the main crop be ratooned to reduce the cost of cultivation. Therefore, the efficiency of the androgenic method was tested in main crop using a quality indica rice hybrid, 27P63 and its ratooned ones. The effects of various factors such as cold temperature pre-treatment of boots, treatment duration, and different combination of plant growth regulators (PGR) on callus response along with shoot regeneration were tested for development of DHs from both ratooned and non-ratooned plants. The N6 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-dichlrophenoxy acetic acid), 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylamino purine), and 30 g/L maltose was found to be most effective for callusing as compared to MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The N6 media inducted calli showed maximum response rate for green shoot regeneration in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid), 0.5 mg/L Kn (Kinetin; 6-furfurylaminopurine), 1.5 mg/L BAP and 30 g/L sucrose after 2 weeks of culture. The pre-treatment of spikes at 10 °C for 2 d followed by a 7th and 8th d were found to be most effective for callusing as well as for regeneration, producing a total of 343 green plants from ratooned and main rice hybrid, 27P63. Morpho-agronomic trait-based assessment of ploidy status revealed 94.46% diploids, 3.49% polyploids, 0.58% mixploids, and 1.45% haploids. Microsatellite markers could authenticate all 324 fertile diploids as true DHs. Though this study shows a reduction in generation of DHs from ratooned plants as compared to the main crop, manipulation of chemical factors could optimize the method to enhance the production of considerable number of DHs. Utilization of ratooned of hybrid rice in androgenesis would save time and cost of cultivation.
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CABRAS, M. A., and M. A. ZORODDU. "ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes of Phytohormones. Part 1. Copper(II) Complexes of 6-Furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin)." ChemInform 18, no. 32 (August 11, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198732281.
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Singh, Belai Meeta Suwal. "Effects of Cytokinin on in vitro Propagation of Bauhinia variegata L." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 1, no. 6 (November 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2020.1.6.123.
Full textAbstract:
Mature seeds of Bauhinia variegata L were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog medium. For experimentation, nodal cuttings were used as explants from in vitro growing plants. Cytokinin, N-benzyl-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl) (BPA), kinetin(6-furfurylaminopurine), zeatin, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-trans -2-butenyl amino purine), 2- isopentenyl amino purine (2-ip), and benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested for best propagation. Well grown plants were achieved in medium supplemented with 5 µM BPA and 0.5 µM BAP. The propagated plants were acclimatized very well after transferred to the field.
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Kouchar, Souad, Messaoud Benounis, and Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault. "New selective modified glassy carbon electrode based on 6-furfurylaminopurine ligand for cadmium detection in real samples." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly, January 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-020-02722-2.
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Singh, Belai Meeta Suwal. "Effects of Cytokinins on in vitro Culture of Bauhinia purpurea L." European Journal of Medicinal Plants, July 29, 2020, 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030292.
Full textAbstract:
Bauhinia purpurea L. is a moderate-sized tree with multipurpose value tree yields gum, its bark contains tannin and leaves are used as fodder. It is distributed in sub-Himalayan tracts. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cytokinins on growth parameters of B. purpurea and develop a standard micropropagation protocol for nodes and shoot proliferations. The cytokinins used in this study were N-Benzyl-9(2-tetrahydropyranyl) (BPA), 6-furfurylaminopurine, Kinetin (Kn), 6-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-trans-2-butenylaminopurine) (Zeatin) (Zin), 2-isopentenyl aminopurine, (2-iP) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 µM). Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was used for the experimental purpose. Multiplication rate of plants was recorded after 8 weeks of culture. Such propagated best grown plants were acclimatized and transferred to the field. All the collected data were worked out statistically with SPSS, a system of analytical procedure
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Chornobrov, Oksana, Svitlana Bilous, Oleksandr Chornobrov, and Maria Manko. "Peculiarities of morphogenesis of the endangered species of wilow (Salix spp.) in vitro." Biologija 65, no. 1 (May 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v65i1.3986.
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Conservation and reproduction of rare genotypes of Salix L. species, in particular the blunt-leaved willow (Salix retusa L.) and Jacquin’s Willow (Salix alpina Scop.) that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of rare and endangered species, is one of the urgent tasks of the present. The aim of research was to develop methods of introduction of S. retusa and S. alpina into in vitro culture for their mass reproduction and conservation. The plant material was cultivated on a culture medium prescribed by MS, WPM, and DKW with the addition of growth regulators according to the conventional method. Effective sterilization (over 80%) of explants of S. retusa and S. alpina was achieved by applying a stepwise method, which consisted of consistently maintaining them in solutions 0.1% HgCl2 and 1.0% AgNO3 for 5–6 min. Significant results in the regeneration of explants by activating the growth of available meristems in vitro were observed on MS with the addition of 0.25–0.5 mg/l 6-(Furfurylaminopurine, kinetin) and 2 g/l activated carbon. Our further research will serve as a base for developing microclonal propagation of S. retusa and S. alpina for their conservation and reproduction in vitro.
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RAVEESHA HR and SUSHMA BK. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BALIOSPERMUM MONTANUM (WILLD.) MUELL. ARG." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, November 28, 2019, 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i12.35534.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of the leaf, stem, root, and stem-derived callus extracts of Baliospermum montanum.
Methods: An in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for the induction of callus from stem segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin content were determined according to standard methods. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays.
Results: The maximum callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with a combination of KIN (0.5 mg/L) + BAP (3.0 mg/L). Methanolic extract of root and aqueous extract of leaf exhibited higher content of phenols. Whereas total flavonoids and tannin were maximum in methanolic extract of leaf compared to other extracts. The methanolic extract of B. montanum leaf had greater antioxidant activity than stem, root, and callus by DPPH and reducing power assays.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that the methanolic extracts of B. montanum showed potent free radical scavenging activity. Further studies are necessary for isolation and characterization of phytochemical compounds.