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Journal articles on the topic '6 Hz seizure model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Wlaz, Aleksandra, Maria W. Kondrat-Wrobel, Katarzyna Zaluska, Ewelina Kochman, Anna R. Rekas, and Jarogniew J. Luszczki. "Synergistic interaction of levetiracetam with gabapentin in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model – a type II isobolographic analysis." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28, no. 3 (2015): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0073.

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Abstract This study was aimed at characterizing the anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam in combination with gabapentin, in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Herein, psychomotor seizures were evoked in male albino Swiss mice by a current (32 mA, 6 Hz, 3 s stimulus duration) delivered via ocular electrodes. Type II isobolographic analysis was used to characterize the anticonvulsant interactions between the drugs in combination, for fixed-ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10. The type II isobolographic analysis revealed that the combinations of levetiracetam with gabapentin for the fixed-

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Mareš, Pavel, Cameron S. Metcalf, Jiří Baloun, and Hana Kubová. "Seizures elicited by transcorneal 6 Hz stimulation in developing rats." PLOS ONE 20, no. 1 (2025): e0313681. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313681.

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Seizures elicited by corneal 6-Hz stimulation are widely acknowledged as a model of temporal lobe seizures. Despite the intensive research in rodents, no studies hint at this model in developing animals. We focused on seven age groups of both male and female rats. Biphasic pulses with 0.3 ms duration and current intensities from 20 to 80 mA were applied transcorneally for 3 s to calculate threshold intensities for individual age groups. Threshold stimulation intensity necessary for elicitation of clonic seizures was highly age- and sex-dependent. The highest threshold was observed in the young

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Barton, Matthew E., Brian D. Klein, Harold H. Wolf, and H. Steve White. "Pharmacological characterization of the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model of partial epilepsy." Epilepsy Research 47, no. 3 (2001): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00302-3.

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4

Serikawa, T., Y. Ohno, M. Sasa, J. Yamada, and S. Takaori. "A new model of petit mal epilepsy: spontaneous spike and wave discharges in tremor rats." Laboratory Animals 21, no. 1 (1987): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367787780740635.

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A mutant rat, which was found in a colony of Kyoto:Wistar rats and genetically defined as a tremor rat ( tm/tm), developed tremor of the whole body at 2 weeks of age but the tremor gradually disappeared between 6 and 8 weeks of age. The electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded using chronically implanted electrodes showed a 5–7 Hz (mostly 6 Hz) spike and wave complex synchronously in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus accompanied by absence-like seizure in all six tremor rats examined. The spike and wave complex appeared 0·8–1·9 times per minute and lasted for 1–17 s. However, normal EEG activity

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Abram, Michał, Marcin Jakubiec, Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk, Agata Doroz-Płonka, Anna Rapacz, and Krzysztof Kamiński. "Development of Novel Alaninamide Derivatives with Anticonvulsant Activity and Favorable Safety Profiles in Animal Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18 (2024): 9861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189861.

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In our current study, we developed a focused series of original ((benzyloxy)benzyl)propanamide derivatives that demonstrated potent activity across in vivo mouse seizure models, specifically, maximal electroshock (MES) and 6 Hz (32 mA) seizures. Among these derivatives, compound 5 emerged as a lead molecule, exhibiting robust protection following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, as follows: ED50 = 48.0 mg/kg in the MES test, ED50 = 45.2 mg/kg in the 6 Hz (32 mA) test, and ED50 = 201.3 mg/kg in the 6 Hz (44 mA) model. Additionally, compound 5 displayed low potential for inducing motor impairme

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Copmans, Daniëlle, Sara Kildgaard, Emma Roux, et al. "From the North Sea to Drug Repurposing, the Antiseizure Activity of Halimide and Plinabulin." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 2 (2022): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15020247.

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PharmaSea performed large-scale in vivo screening of marine natural product (MNP) extracts, using zebrafish embryos and larvae, to identify compounds with the potential to treat epilepsy. In this study, we report the discovery of two new antiseizure compounds, the 2,5-diketopiperazine halimide and its semi-synthetic analogue, plinabulin. Interestingly, these are both known microtubule destabilizing agents, and plinabulin could have the potential for drug repurposing, as it is already in clinical trials for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treatment of non-small cell lung

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Abram, Michał, Marcin Jakubiec, Anna Rapacz, et al. "Identification of New Compounds with Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Properties in a Group of 3-substituted (2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)(phenyl)-Acetamides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021): 13092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313092.

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We report herein a series of water-soluble analogues of previously described anticonvulsants and their detailed in vivo and in vitro characterization. The majority of these compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum anticonvulsant properties in animal seizure models, including the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model (scPTZ), and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure model in mice. Compound 14 showed the most robust anticonvulsant activity (ED50 MES = 49.6 mg/kg, ED50 6 Hz (32 mA) = 31.3 mg/kg, ED50scPTZ = 67.4 mg/kg). Notably, it was also effective in the 6

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Leclercq, Karine, and Rafal M. Kaminski. "Genetic background of mice strongly influences treatment resistance in the 6 Hz seizure model." Epilepsia 56, no. 2 (2014): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.12893.

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9

Andreeva-Gateva, P., D. Bakalov, Z. Sabit, and B. Tenchov. "Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Corneal Kindling Mouse Model." Acta Medica Bulgarica 47, no. 2 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2020-0015.

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AbstractAim/objective: Corneal kindling mouse test is a model of decreasing the seizure threshold after repetitive subchronical electrical stimuli. Ketogenic diet (KD) is used for the treatment of children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy since more than 100 years. Surprisingly, very few studies testing the effect of the KD in corneal kindling test were published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the KD on the seizure activity in corneal kindling mouse model.Methods: 50 adult male ICR mice (25-35 g) were randomly distributed in four groups, as follows: group 1 – standard diet

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Amaye, Isis, Thomas Heinbockel, Julia Woods, Zejun Wang, Miguel Martin-Caraballo, and Patrice Jackson-Ayotunde. "6 Hz Active Anticonvulsant Fluorinated N-Benzamide Enaminones and Their Inhibitory Neuronal Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (2018): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081784.

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A small library of novel fluorinated N-benzamide enaminones were synthesized and evaluated in a battery of acute preclinical seizure models. Three compounds (GSA 62, TTA 35, and WWB 67) were found to have good anticonvulsant activity in the 6-Hz ‘psychomotor’ 44-mA rodent model. The focus of this study was to elucidate the active analogs’ mode of action on seizure-related molecular targets. Electrophysiology studies were employed to evaluate the compounds’ ability to inhibit neuronal activity in central olfactory neurons, mitral cells, and sensory-like ND7/23 cells, which express an assortment

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11

Shandra, Alexey, Pavel Shandra, Olga Kaschenko, Alain Matagne, and Thomas Stöhr. "Synergism of lacosamide with established antiepileptic drugs in the 6-Hz seizure model in mice." Epilepsia 54, no. 7 (2013): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.12237.

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12

Jakubiec, Marcin, Michał Abram, Mirosław Zagaja, et al. "New Phenylglycinamide Derivatives with Hybrid Structure as Candidates for New Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants." Cells 11, no. 12 (2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11121862.

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In the present study, a focused combinatorial chemistry approach was applied to merge structural fragments of well-known TRPV1 antagonists with a potent anticonvulsant lead compound, KA-104, that was previously discovered by our group. Consequently, a series of 22 original compounds has been designed, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained compounds showed robust in vivo antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) test and in the 6 Hz seizure model (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities). The most potent compounds 53 and 60 displayed th

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Gunia-Krzyżak, Agnieszka, Ewa Żesławska, Karolina Słoczyńska, et al. "S(+)-(2E)-N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-3-Phenylprop-2-Enamide (KM-568): A Novel Cinnamamide Derivative with Anticonvulsant Activity in Animal Models of Seizures and Epilepsy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (2020): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124372.

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Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological disorders affecting about 1% of the world’s human population. Despite availability of multiple treatment options including antiseizure drugs, it is estimated that about 30% of seizures still remain resistant to pharmacotherapy. Searching for new antiseizure and antiepileptic agents constitutes an important issue within modern medicinal chemistry. Cinnamamide derivatives were identified in preclinical as well as clinical studies as important drug candidates for the treatment of epilepsy. The cinnamamide derivative presented here: S(+)-(2E)-N-(2-

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Chrościńska-Krawczyk, Magdalena, Magdalena Wałek, Bożydar Tylus, and Stanisław J. Czuczwar. "Influence of caffeine upon the anticonvulsant activity of newer antiepileptic drugs against 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model of partial seizures in mice." Pharmacological Reports 64, no. 1 (2012): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70752-1.

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15

Łuszczki, Jarogniew J., Aleksandra Wlaź, Maria Kondrat-Wróbel, Daniel Pyrka, and Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki. "Interactions of levetiracetam with ethosuximide in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model – a type II isobolographic analysis." Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research 8, no. 2 (2015): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26444/jpccr/71472.

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16

Leclercq, Karine, and Rafal M. Kaminski. "Status epilepticus induction has prolonged effects on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in the 6-Hz seizure model." Epilepsy & Behavior 49 (August 2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.011.

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17

Zagaja, Mirosław, Anna Zagaja, Joanna Szala-Rycaj, et al. "Influence of Umbelliferone on the Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Activity of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073492.

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Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin; UMB) is a coumarin with many biological properties, including antiepileptic activity. This study evaluated the effect of UMB on the ability of classical and novel antiepileptic drugs (e.g., lacosamide (LCM), levetiracetam (LEV), phenobarbital (PB) and valproate (VPA)) to prevent seizures evoked by the 6-Hz corneal-stimulation-induced seizure model. The study also evaluated the influence of this coumarin on the neuroprotective properties of these drugs in two in vitro models of neurodegeneration, including trophic stress and excitotoxicity. The results indicate

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Özcan, Ezgi, Kristie Yu, Mariana Arino, et al. "Varied Clinical Ketogenic Diets Elicit Both Shared and Unique Functional and Taxonomic Responses on the Human Gut Microbiome in Refractory Epilepsy." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac069.029.

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Abstract Objectives The high fat low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to treat refractory epilepsy wherein 1 in 3 do not respond to anti-epileptic drugs. KD-induced alterations in the gut microbiome are necessary to mediate anti-seizure effects in mice. However, the efficacy of KDs have been inconsistent across human cohorts likely due to KD composition heterogeneity and microbiome variability. Thus, we aim to uncover how varied KDs shape composition and function of gut microbiome to influence host physiology. We hypothesize that clinical KDs will elicit common and unique microbi

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19

Cho, Christi, Maxwell Zeigler, Stephanie Mizuno, Richard S. Morrison, Rheem A. Totah, and Melissa Barker-Haliski. "Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide and Changes in Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteins Are Evident in the Early Phases of the Corneally Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031434.

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Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures or during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS following a

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Abram, Michał, Marcin Jakubiec, Anna Rapacz, et al. "The Search for New Anticonvulsants in a Group of (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)(phenyl)Acetamides with Hybrid Structure—Synthesis and In Vivo/In Vitro Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228780.

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Epilepsy belongs to the most common and debilitating neurological disorders with multifactorial pathophysiology and a high level of drug resistance. Therefore, with the aim of searching for new, more effective, and/or safer therapeutics, we discovered a focused series of original hybrid pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives with potent anticonvulsant properties. We applied an optimized coupling reaction yielding several hybrid compounds that showed broad-spectrum activity in widely accepted animal seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure

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Rapacz, Anna, Marcin Jakubiec, Michał Abram, et al. "Discovery of New 3-(Benzo[b]Thiophen-2-yl)Pyrrolidine-2,5-Dione Derivatives as Potent Antiseizure and Antinociceptive Agents—In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 11 (2024): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17111532.

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Background/Objectives: To address the unmet clinical needs in the treatment of epilepsy and pain, the continued development of more effective and safer anticonvulsants and analgesics is still necessary. Therefore, herein we report synthesis and antiseizure/antinociceptive evaluation of a focused series of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives. Methods: The anticonvulsant properties were investigated in acute models of seizures, namely the maximal electroshock (MES), the 6 Hz (32 mA), and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure models, whereas analgesic activity was

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22

Jahan, Kausar, Krishna K. Pillai, and Divya Vohora. "Parachlorophenylalanine-induced 5-HT depletion alters behavioral and brain neurotransmitters levels in 6-Hz psychomotor seizure model in mice." Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 31, no. 4 (2017): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcp.12283.

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23

Metcalf, Cameron S., Peter J. West, Kyle E. Thomson, et al. "Development and pharmacologic characterization of the rat 6 Hz model of partial seizures." Epilepsia 58, no. 6 (2017): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.13764.

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24

Barton, Matthew E., Steven C. Peters, and Harlan E. Shannon. "Comparison of the effect of glutamate receptor modulators in the 6 Hz and maximal electroshock seizure models." Epilepsy Research 56, no. 1 (2003): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2003.08.001.

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Kamiński, Jakubiec, Zagaja, Andres-Mach, Mogilski, and Latacz. "New TRPV1 Antagonists as Candidates for Effective Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Agents." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022030.

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Epilepsy is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders with a high risk of drug resistance. Notably, about one-third of the patients with epilepsy are not responsive to pharmacological treatment. Thus, the search for new, more effective anticonvulsants with a novel mechanism of action is undoubtedly necessary. The most recent neurobiological studies implicate central TRPV1 receptors in the induction of epileptic seizures. Moreover, it is suggested that TRPV1 desensitization is one of the crucial mechanisms of action responsible for the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (C

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Góra, Małgorzata, Anna Czopek, Anna Rapacz, et al. "Synthesis, Anticonvulsant, and Antinociceptive Activity of New 3-(2-Chlorophenyl)- and 3-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl-acetamides." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061564.

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The new series of 3-(2-chlorophenyl)- and 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione-acetamide derivatives as potential anticonvulsant and analgesic agents was synthesized. The compounds obtained were evaluated in the following acute models of epilepsy: maximal electroshock (MES), psychomotor (6 Hz, 32 mA), and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure tests. The most active substance-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-{2-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (6) showed more beneficial ED50 and protective index values than the reference drug—valproic acid (68.30 mg/kg vs.

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Luszczki, Jarogniew J., Anna Panasiuk, Mirosław Zagaja, et al. "Polygonogram and isobolographic analysis of interactions between various novel antiepileptic drugs in the 6-Hz corneal stimulation-induced seizure model in mice." PLOS ONE 15, no. 6 (2020): e0234070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234070.

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Tchekalarova, Jana, Miroslav Rangelov, Ivan Iliev, et al. "Anticonvulsant Profiles of Three Hemorphin-4 Analogs with Rhodamine B in Mice." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 5 (2025): 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18050673.

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Background/Objectives: Hemorphins, considered to be bioactive atypical oligopeptides, are products of hemoglobin metabolism. Recently, our team reported the synthesis and characterization of three N-modified analogs of hemorphin-4 (H4) with rhodamine B (Rh). In the present study, the Rh-1, Rh-2, and Rh-3 compounds were intracerebroventricularly infused at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/5 µL, respectively, and evaluated for their antiseizure activity in 6-Hz and maximal electroshock (MES) tests and in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling model in mice. Phenytoin and diazepam were used as t

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Nieoczym, Dorota, Katarzyna Socała, Piotr Jedziniak, Małgorzata Olejnik, and Piotr Wlaź. "Effect of sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on the anticonvulsant action of some antiepileptic drugs in the mouse 6-Hz psychomotor seizure model." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 47 (December 2013): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.009.

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Baker, Max T. "The Anticonvulsant Effects of Propofol and a Propofol Analog, 2,6-Diisopropyl-4-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)Phenol, in a 6 Hz Partial Seizure Model." Anesthesia & Analgesia 112, no. 2 (2011): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3182025b30.

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Das, Swagatika, Praveen K. Roayapalley, Sarvesh C. Vashishtha, Umashankar Das, and Jonathan R. Dimmock. "Anticonvulsant Properties of 1-Diethylamino-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one." Medicines 10, no. 9 (2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10090054.

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There is a need for novel antiepileptic agents whose modes of action differ from those of current antiepileptic drugs. The objective of this study was to determine whether 1-diethylamino-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (2) could prevent or at least diminish convulsions caused by different mechanisms. This amide afforded protection in the maximal electroshock and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole screens when given intraperitoneally to both mice and rats. A number of specialized tests in mice were conducted and are explained in the text. They revealed (2) to have efficacy in the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure

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McDonald, Tanya S., Kah Ni Tan, Mark P. Hodson, and Karin Borges. "Alterations of Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism by Even versus Uneven Medium Chain Triglycerides." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 34, no. 1 (2013): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.184.

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Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are used to treat neurologic disorders with metabolic impairments, including childhood epilepsy and early Alzheimer's disease. However, the metabolic effects of MCTs in the brain are still unclear. Here, we studied the effects of feeding even and uneven MCTs on brain glucose metabolism in the mouse. Adult mice were fed 35% (calories) of trioctanoin or triheptanoin (the triglycerides of octanoate or heptanoate, respectively) or a matching control diet for 3 weeks. Enzymatic assays and targeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were

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Ajaz, R., SM Mirsattari, R. Mousavi, and S. Leung. "P.029 Limbic system involvement in absence seizures." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (2017): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.114.

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Background: Absence epilepsy (AE) is believed to be generated by a thalamocortical network. Our laboratory showed that hippocampal neuronal firings were synchronous with the SWDs in the gamma butyrolactone (GBL) model of AE in rats. Here, we hypothesize that high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the hippocampus and other parts of the limbic system were phase modulated by SWDs Methods: GBL (200 mg/kg i.p) was injected to induce SWDs in 6 male Long-Evans rats. Spontaneous local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from electrodes implanted in the hippocampus and ventrolateral thalamus bilateral

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Bloms-Funke, Petra, Marion Bankstahl, Jens Bankstahl, Christa Kneip, Wolfgang Schröder, and Wolfgang Löscher. "The novel dual-mechanism Kv7 potassium channel/TSPO receptor activator GRT-X is more effective than the Kv7 channel opener retigabine in the 6-Hz refractory seizure mouse model." Neuropharmacology 203 (February 2022): 108884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108884.

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Aourz, Najat, Fred Van Leuven, Wissal Allaoui, Ann Van Eeckhaut, Dimitri De Bundel та Ilse Smolders. "Unraveling the Effects of GSK-3β Isoform Modulation against Limbic Seizures and in the 6 Hz Electrical Kindling Model for Epileptogenesis". ACS Chemical Neuroscience 13, № 6 (2022): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00782.

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36

Metcalf, Cameron S., Brian D. Klein, Misty D. Smith, et al. "Efficacy of mGlu2-positive allosteric modulators alone and in combination with levetiracetam in the mouse 6 Hz model of psychomotor seizures." Epilepsia 58, no. 3 (2017): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.13659.

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Frances-Villora, Jose V., Manuel Bataller-Mompean, Azeddine Mjahad, et al. "Real-Time Localization of Epileptogenic Foci EEG Signals: An FPGA-Based Implementation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030827.

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The epileptogenic focus is a brain area that may be surgically removed to control of epileptic seizures. Locating it is an essential and crucial step prior to the surgical treatment. However, given the difficulty of determining the localization of this brain region responsible of the initial seizure discharge, many works have proposed machine learning methods for the automatic classification of focal and non-focal electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. These works use automatic classification as an analysis tool for helping neurosurgeons to identify focal areas off-line, out of surgery, during

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Florek-Luszczki, Magdalena, Aleksandra Wlaz, Maria W. Kondrat-Wrobel, Piotr Tutka, and Jarogniew J. Luszczki. "Effects of WIN 55,212-2 (a non-selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist) on the protective action of various classical antiepileptic drugs in the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model." Journal of Neural Transmission 121, no. 7 (2014): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1173-7.

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Doboszewska, Urszula, Jan Sawicki, Adam Sajnóg, et al. "Alterations of Serum Magnesium Concentration in Animal Models of Seizures and Epilepsy—The Effects of Treatment with a GPR39 Agonist and Knockout of the Gpr39 Gene." Cells 11, no. 13 (2022): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11131987.

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Several ligands have been proposed for the GPR39 receptor, including the element zinc. The relationship between GPR39 and magnesium homeostasis has not yet been examined, nor has such a relationship in the context of seizures/epilepsy. We used samples from mice that were treated with an agonist of the GPR39 receptor (TC-G 1008) and underwent acute seizures (maximal electroshock (MES)- or 6-hertz-induced seizures) or a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model of epilepsy. MES seizures and PTZ kindling, unlike 6 Hz seizures, increased serum magnesium concentration. In turn, Gpr39-KO mice

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Zubelić, Aleksa, Jelisaveta Vuletić, Milivoje Ašćerić, et al. "Basic characteristics of EEG epileptiform discharges triggered by lindane in a model of experimental prostatitis." Medicinski podmladak 73, no. 2 (2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mp73-34860.

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Introduction: Chronic prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most commonly diagnosed non-infectious prostatitis in urology. Studies have shown that CP/CPPS can induce neuroinflammation, which may result in CNS hyperexcitability and a tendency to develop epileptic seizures. Spike salvos are ictal EEG graph elements typical for the experimental model of lindane-induced seizures. There are a number of mathematical models for quantitative analysis of EEG, including the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). It transforms the signal from time into the frequency domain, providing informati

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Lin, Yi-Wen, та Ching-Liang Hsieh. "Auricular Electroacupuncture Reduced Inflammation-Related Epilepsy Accompanied by Altered TRPA1, pPKCα, pPKCε, and pERk1/2 Signaling Pathways in Kainic Acid-Treated Rats". Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/493480.

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Background. Inflammation is often considered to play a crucial role in epilepsy by affecting iron status and metabolism. In this study, we investigated the curative effect of auricular acupuncture and somatic acupuncture on kainic acid- (KA-) induced epilepsy in rats.Methods. We established an epileptic seizure model in rats by KA (12 mg, ip). The 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at auricular and applied atZusanliandShangjuxu(ST36-ST37) acupoints for 20 min for 3 days/week for 6 weeks beginning on the day following the KA injection.Results. The electrophysiological results indicated th

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Morales, Juan F., Sara Chuguransky, Lucas N. Alberca, et al. "Positive Predictive Value Surfaces as a Complementary Tool to Assess the Performance of Virtual Screening Methods." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 14 (2020): 1447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525718666200219130229.

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Background: Since their introduction in the virtual screening field, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve-derived metrics have been widely used for benchmarking of computational methods and algorithms intended for virtual screening applications. Whereas in classification problems, the ratio between sensitivity and specificity for a given score value is very informative, a practical concern in virtual screening campaigns is to predict the actual probability that a predicted hit will prove truly active when submitted to experimental testing (in other words, the Positive Predictive Value

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Liu, Chung-Hsiang, Yi-Wen Lin, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Hsu-Jan Liu, Wan-Jung Lin, and Ching-Liang Hsieh. "Electroacupuncture at ST36-ST37 and at Ear Ameliorates Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Sprouting in Kainic Acid-Induced Epileptic Seizure Rats." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/756019.

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Our previous study showed that mossy fiber sprouting can occur in the hippocampus region in rats 6 wk after kainic acid-induced epileptic seizure, and this mossy fiber sprouting can facilitate epileptogenesis. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), which is similar to cervical VNS, can reduce the occurrence of epileptic seizure in intractable epilepsy patients. Greater parasympathetic nerve activity can be caused by 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA). Therefore, we investigated the effect of 2 Hz EA at ST-36-ST37 and at the ear on mossy fiber sprouting in kainic-treated Sprague-Dawl

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NELSON, TIMOTHY S., COURTNEY L. SUHR, DEAN R. FREESTONE, et al. "CLOSED-LOOP SEIZURE CONTROL WITH VERY HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AT SEIZURE ONSET IN THE GAERS MODEL OF ABSENCE EPILEPSY." International Journal of Neural Systems 21, no. 02 (2011): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065711002717.

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A closed-loop system for the automated detection and control of epileptic seizures was created and tested in three Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) rats. In this preliminary study, a set of four EEG features were used to detect seizures and three different electrical stimulation strategies (standard (130 Hz), very high (500 Hz) and ultra high (1000 Hz)) were delivered to terminate seizures. Seizure durations were significantly shorter with all three stimulation strategies when compared to non-stimulated (control) seizures. We used mean seizure duration of epileptiform disc

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Kowski, Alexander B., and Martin Holtkamp. "Electrically Induced Limbic Seizures: Preliminary Findings in a Rodent Model." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 9 (January 2015): JEN.S23759. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jen.s23759.

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In epilepsy, novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment approaches are commonly assessed in model systems of acute motor and often generalized seizures. We developed a rodent model with short-term electrical stimulation of the perforant path resulting in stereotyped limbic seizures. Limbic structures play a major role in human intractable epilepsy. In 10 rats, single electrical 5-second and 20-Hz stimuli to the perforant path reliably produced limbic seizures characterized by resting behavior and subtle motor signs. Electrophysiological recordings from the dentate gyrus demonstrate

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Pieróg, Mateusz, Katarzyna Socała, Dorota Nieoczym, Elżbieta Wyska, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, and Piotr Wlaź. "Anticonvulsant Profile of Selected Medium-Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) Co-Administered with Metformin in Mice in Acute and Chronic Treatment." Molecules 28, no. 9 (2023): 3810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093810.

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In contrast to the other components of the medium-chain triglycerides ketogenic diet (MCT KD), i.e., caprylic acid (CA8), a comprehensive evaluation of caproic (CA6) and lauric acids’ (CA12) properties in standard chemical and electrical seizure tests in mice has not yet been performed. We investigated their effects in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST), 6 Hz seizure threshold and intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure tests. Since ketone body production can be regulated by the activation of 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we hypothesized that metformin (an AMPK

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Salami, Pariya, Maxime Lévesque, Jean Gotman, and Massimo Avoli. "Distinct EEG seizure patterns reflect different seizure generation mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00031.2015.

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Low-voltage fast (LVF)- and hypersynchronous (HYP)-seizure onset patterns can be recognized in the EEG of epileptic animals and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Ripples (80–200 Hz) and fast ripples (250–500 Hz) have been linked to each pattern, with ripples predominating during LVF seizures and fast ripples predominating during HYP seizures in the rat pilocarpine model. This evidence led us to hypothesize that these two seizure-onset patterns reflect the contribution of neural networks with distinct transmitter signaling characteristics. Here, we tested this hypothesis by analyzing the se

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Hartman, Adam L., Megan Lyle, Michael A. Rogawski, and Maciej Gasior. "Efficacy of the ketogenic diet in the 6-Hz seizure test." Epilepsia 49, no. 2 (2008): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01430.x.

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Jahan, K., KK Pillai, and D. Vohora. "Serotonergic mechanisms in the 6-Hz psychomotor seizures in mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 3 (2018): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118814149.

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Serotonin (5-hydroxytrytamine (5-HT)) plays an important role in experimental seizures. Recently, we reported the depletion of 5-HT by parachlorophynylalanine (PCPA) in whole brain to enhance 6-Hz psychomotor seizures in mice. In the present work, we investigated the effect of 5-HT depletion in cortex and hippocampus, brain regions relevant for epilepsy, on behavioral and ultra-structural changes following 6-Hz psychomotor seizures in mice. In addition, we studied the effect of sodium valproate (SVP) on behavioral, biochemical, and ultra-structural effects induced by 6 Hz. Behavioral changes i

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Buckmaster, P. S., E. Tam, and P. A. Schwartzkroin. "Electrophysiological correlates of seizure sensitivity in the dentate gyrus of epileptic juvenile and adult gerbils." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 4 (1996): 2169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2169.

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1. Naturally occurring inherited epilepsy is common among Mongolian gerbils, providing an opportunity to identify neurological factors that correlate with seizure behavior. In the present study we examine the ontogeny of seizure behavior and compare the electrophysiology and anatomy of the dentate gyrus in epileptic and nonepileptic gerbils. 2. Behavioral seizure testing revealed that young gerbils do not begin having seizures until they are 2 mo of age, at which time seizure incidence across animals is at its highest level. Most seizure-positive juvenile gerbils became epileptic adults, but 3

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